1 ;;; ethio-util.el --- utilities for Ethiopic
3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
4 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
6 ;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, Ethiopic
8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
22 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
23 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
25 ;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@etl.go.jp>
29 ;; Information for exiting Ethiopic environment.
30 (defvar exit-ethiopic-environment-data nil)
33 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment ()
34 "Setup multilingual environment for Ethiopic."
35 (set-language-environment "Ethiopic"))
38 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment-internal ()
39 (let ((key-bindings '((" " . ethio-insert-space)
40 ([(shift space)] . ethio-insert-ethio-space)
41 ([(control ?')] . ethio-gemination)
42 ([f2] . ethio-toggle-space)
43 ([(shift f2)] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
44 ([f3] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
45 ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
46 ([(shift f4)] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
47 ([(control f4)] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
48 ([f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
49 ([(shift f5)] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
50 ([(control f5)] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
51 ([f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
52 ([f7] . ethio-replace-space)
53 ([f8] . ethio-input-special-character)))
56 (setq kb (car (car key-bindings)))
57 (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
58 (cons (cons kb (global-key-binding kb))
59 exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
60 (global-set-key kb (cdr (car key-bindings)))
61 (setq key-bindings (cdr key-bindings))))
63 (add-hook 'quail-mode-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
64 (add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
65 (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
66 (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
68 (defun exit-ethiopic-environment ()
69 "Exit Ethiopic language environment"
70 (while exit-ethiopic-environment-data
71 (global-set-key (car (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
72 (cdr (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
73 (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
74 (cdr exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
76 (remove-hook 'quail-mode-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
77 (remove-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
78 (remove-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
79 (remove-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
82 ;; ETHIOPIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS
85 ;; If the filename ends in ".sera", editing is done in fidel
86 ;; but file I/O is done in SERA.
88 ;; If the filename ends in ".java", editing is done in fidel
89 ;; but file I/O is done in the \uXXXX style, where XXXX is
90 ;; the Unicode codepoint for the Ethiopic character.
92 ;; If the filename ends in ".tex", editing is done in fidel
93 ;; but file I/O is done in EthioTeX format.
95 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when sending mail,
96 ;; (add-hook 'mail-send-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
98 ;; To automatically convert SERA format to Ethiopic when receiving mail,
99 ;; (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail)
101 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when posting news,
102 ;; (add-hook 'news-inews-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
108 (defvar ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna
109 "*Symbol that defines the primary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
110 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
112 (defvar ethio-secondary-language 'english
113 "*Symbol that defines the secondary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
114 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
116 (defvar ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil
117 "*Non-nil means associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic colon.
118 If nil, associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic word separator, i.e., two
119 vertically stacked dots. All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this
122 (defvar ethio-use-three-dot-question nil
123 "*Non-nil means associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic old style question mark (three vertically stacked dots).
124 If nil, associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic stylised question
125 mark. All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this variable.")
127 (defvar ethio-quote-vowel-always nil
128 "*Non-nil means always put an apostrophe before an isolated vowel (except at word initial) in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.
129 If nil, put an apostrophe only between a sixth-form consonant and an
132 (defvar ethio-W-sixth-always nil
133 "*Non-nil means convert the Wu-form of a 12-form consonant to \"W'\" instead of \"Wu\" in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.")
135 (defvar ethio-numeric-reduction 0
136 "*Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
138 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
139 `10`9`100`80`7 if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
140 `109100807 if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
141 `10900807 if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
143 (defvar ethio-implicit-period-conversion t
144 "*Non-nil means replacing the Ethiopic dot at the end of an Ethiopic sentence
145 with an Ethiopic full stop.")
147 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
148 "*Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.
149 If nil, use uppercases.")
155 (defconst ethio-sera-to-fidel-table
157 nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
158 nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
161 (?: (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "
\e$(3$l
\e(B" "
\e$(3$h
\e(B")
162 (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "
\e$(3$l
\e(B " "
\e$(3$h
\e(B"))
165 (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "
\e$(3$l
\e(B|" "
\e$(3$h
\e(B|")
166 (?: "
\e$(3$o
\e(B"))))
169 nil nil nil nil nil nil ("" (?' "
\e$(3%s
\e(B"))
171 nil nil nil nil ("
\e$(3$j
\e(B") ("-" (?: "
\e$(3$l
\e(B")) ("
\e$(3%u
\e(B")
172 ;;; / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
173 nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
175 ((if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "
\e$(3$l
\e(B" "
\e$(3$h
\e(B")
176 (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "
\e$(3$l
\e(B " "
\e$(3$h
\e(B"))
179 (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "
\e$(3$l
\e(B|" "
\e$(3$h
\e(B|")
182 ("
\e$(3$k
\e(B") ("<" (?< "
\e$(3%v
\e(B")) nil (">" (?> "
\e$(3%w
\e(B"))
184 ((if ethio-use-three-dot-question "
\e$(3$n
\e(B" "
\e$(3%x
\e(B"))
188 ("
\e$(3"f
\e(B" (?2 "
\e$(3#8
\e(B"))
190 ("
\e$(3"(
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\e$(3"#
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191 (?W "
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193 ("
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\e$(3$5
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194 (?W "
\e$(3$6
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195 (?e "
\e$(3$4%n
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\e$(3$4%r
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197 ("
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198 (?W "
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199 (?e "
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201 ("
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203 ("
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204 (?W "
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205 (?Y "
\e$(3$a
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207 ("
\e$(3$$
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208 (?W "
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210 ("
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211 (?W "
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212 (?e "
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214 ("
\e$(3"h
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216 ("
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217 (?W "
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218 (?e "
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\e$(3#j%q
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220 ("
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221 (?W "
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223 ("
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\e$(3!-
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\e(B")
224 (?W "
\e$(3!0
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\e(B")
225 (?e "
\e$(3!.%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3!.%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3!.%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3!.%q
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227 ("
\e$(3!>
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\e$(3!:
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3!;
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3!<
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3!=
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3!?
\e(B")
228 (?W "
\e$(3%a
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3%1
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3%a
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3%A
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3!@
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3%Q
\e(B"))
229 (?Y "
\e$(3$_
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3$_
\e(B")))
231 ("
\e$(3"`
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3"[
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3"\
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3"]
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3"^
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3"_
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3"a
\e(B")
232 (?W "
\e$(3"b
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3"b
\e(B")
233 (?e "
\e$(3"`%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3"`%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3"`%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3"`%q
\e(B")))
235 ("
\e$(3"i
\e(B" (?2 "
\e$(3#;
\e(B"))
237 ("
\e$(3$<
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3$7
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3$8
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3$9
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3$:
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3$;
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3$=
\e(B")
238 (?W "
\e$(3$>
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3$>
\e(B")
239 (?e "
\e$(3$<%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3$<%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3$<%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3$<%q
\e(B")))
241 ("
\e$(3!v
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3!q
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3!r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3!s
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3!t
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3!u
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3!w
\e(B")
242 (?W "
\e$(3!~
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3!y
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3!~
\e(B") (?i "
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\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3!|
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3!}
\e(B")))
244 ("
\e$(3!N
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3!I
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3!J
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3!K
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3!L
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3!M
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3!O
\e(B")
245 (?W "
\e$(3!P
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3!P
\e(B")
246 (?e "
\e$(3!N%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3!N%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3!N%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3!N%q
\e(B"))
247 (?Y "
\e$(3$`
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3$`
\e(B")))
249 ("
\e$(3$D
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3$?
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3$@
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3$A
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3$B
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3$C
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3$E
\e(B")
250 (?W "
\e$(3$F
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3$F
\e(B")
251 (?e "
\e$(3$D%n
\e(B") (?u "
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253 (?e "
\e$(3$G
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\e(B") (?E "
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\e$(3$M
\e(B")
254 (?W "
\e$(3$F
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3$F
\e(B")
255 (?e "
\e$(3$L%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3$L%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3$L%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3$L%q
\e(B"))))
257 ("
\e$(3$,
\e(B" (?e "
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\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3$(
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\e(B") (?a "
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\e$(3$-
\e(B")
258 (?W "
\e$(3$.
\e(B" (?a "
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\e(B")
259 (?e "
\e$(3$,%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3$,%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3$,%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3$,%q
\e(B")))
261 ("
\e$(3"d
\e(B" (?2 "
\e$(3#6
\e(B"))
263 ("
\e$(3"0
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3"+
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3",
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3"-
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3".
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3"/
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3"1
\e(B")
264 (?W "
\e$(3"2
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3"2
\e(B")
265 (?e "
\e$(3"0%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3"0%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3"0%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3"0%q
\e(B")))
267 ("
\e$(3%r
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3%n
\e(B") (?u "
\e$(3%r
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3%o
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3%p
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3%q
\e(B"))
269 ("
\e$(3%N
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3%I
\e(B") (?u "
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\e$(3%L
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\e$(3%M
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3%O
\e(B"))
271 ("
\e$(3#R
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\e$(3#M
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\e$(3#N
\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3#O
\e(B") (?a "
\e$(3#P
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3#Q
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\e$(3#S
\e(B")
272 (?W "
\e$(3#T
\e(B" (?a "
\e$(3#T
\e(B")
273 (?e "
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\e(B") (?i "
\e$(3#R%o
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3#R%q
\e(B")))
275 ("
\e$(3#J
\e(B" (?e "
\e$(3#E
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\e$(3#F
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\e$(3#G
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\e$(3#H
\e(B") (?E "
\e$(3#I
\e(B") (?o "
\e$(3#K
\e(B")
276 (?W "
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277 (?e "
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385 ("
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388 ("
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396 ("
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404 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (beg end &optional secondary force)
405 "Convert the characters in region from SERA to FIDEL.
406 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary language
407 and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
409 If the 3rd parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, assume the region
410 begins begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
413 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, perform conversion
414 even if the buffer is read-only.
416 See also the descriptions of the variables
417 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
418 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
422 (narrow-to-region beg end)
423 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer secondary force)))
426 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer (&optional secondary force)
427 "Convert the current buffer from SERA to FIDEL.
429 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
430 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
432 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, assume the buffer
433 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
436 If the 2nd optional parametr FORCE is non-nil, perform conversion even if the
439 See also the descriptions of the variables
440 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
441 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
445 (if (and buffer-read-only
447 (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only. Force to convert? ")))
450 (let ((ethio-primary-language ethio-primary-language)
451 (ethio-secondary-language ethio-secondary-language)
452 (ethio-use-colon-for-colon ethio-use-colon-for-colon)
453 (ethio-use-three-dot-question ethio-use-three-dot-question)
454 ;; The above four variables may be changed temporary
455 ;; by tilde escapes during conversion. So we bind them to other
456 ;; variables but of the same names.
457 (buffer-read-only nil)
458 (case-fold-search nil)
462 (setq current-language
464 ethio-secondary-language
465 ethio-primary-language))
467 (goto-char (point-min))
472 ((eq current-language 'english)
473 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))
474 ((eq current-language 'amharic)
475 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'amharic))
476 ((eq current-language 'tigrigna)
477 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'tigrigna))
478 (t ; we don't know what to do
479 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))))
481 (setq current-language
484 ;; when language tag is explicitly specified
485 ((not (eq next-language 'toggle))
488 ;; found a toggle in a primary language section
489 ((eq current-language ethio-primary-language)
490 ethio-secondary-language)
492 ;; found a toggle in a secondary, third, fourth, ...
495 ethio-primary-language))))
497 ;; If ethio-implicit-period-conversion is non-nil, the
498 ;; Ethiopic dot "
\e$(3%u
\e(B" at the end of an Ethiopic sentence is
499 ;; replaced with the Ethiopic full stop "
\e$(3$i
\e(B".
500 (if ethio-implicit-period-conversion
502 (goto-char (point-min))
503 (while (re-search-forward "\\([
\e$(3!!
\e(B-
\e$(3$a%)
\e(B-
\e$(3%e%n
\e(B-
\e$(3%r%s
\e(B]\\)
\e$(3%u
\e(B\\([ \t]\\)"
505 (replace-match "\\1
\e$(3$i
\e(B\\2"))
506 (goto-char (point-min))
507 (while (re-search-forward "\\([
\e$(3!!
\e(B-
\e$(3$a%)
\e(B-
\e$(3%e%n
\e(B-
\e$(3%r%s
\e(B]\\)
\e$(3%u
\e(B$" nil t)
508 (replace-match "\\1
\e$(3$i
\e(B"))))
511 (goto-char (point-min))
512 (while (re-search-forward "\\ce
\e$(3%s
\e(B" nil 0)
514 (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
518 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-english nil
519 "Handle English section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
520 Conversion stops when a language switch is found. Then delete that
521 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol."
522 (let ((new-language nil))
524 (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
527 ;; if no more "\", nothing to do.
528 ((not (search-forward "\\" nil 0)))
530 ;; hereafter point is put after a "\".
531 ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars
533 ;; "\\" : leave the second "\"
535 (delete-backward-char 1)
536 (= (following-char) ?\\ ))
539 ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
540 ((= (following-char) 32)
542 (setq new-language 'toggle))
545 ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
547 ;; just a "\" : not special sequence.
549 (setq new-language 'toggle))))
553 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio (lang)
554 "Handle Ethiopic section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
555 Conversion stops when a language switch is found. Then delete that
556 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol.
558 The parameter LANG (symbol, either `amharic' or `tigrigna') affects
559 the conversion of \"a\"."
561 (let ((new-language nil)
563 start table table2 ch)
565 (setcar (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ?a)
566 (if (eq lang 'tigrigna) "
\e$(3"f
\e(B" "
\e$(3"c
\e(B"))
568 (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
569 (setq ch (following-char))
572 ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if in w3-mode
573 ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
574 sera-being-called-by-w3
575 (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
576 (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
579 ;; leave non-ASCII characters as they are
584 ((looking-at "`[1-9][0-9]*")
586 (ethio-convert-digit))
588 ;; if not seeing a "\", do sera to fidel conversion
592 (setq table (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ch))
593 (while (setq table2 (cdr (assoc (following-char) table)))
596 (if (setq ch (car table))
598 (delete-region start (point))
601 (insert (eval ch))))))
603 ;; if control reaches here, we must be looking at a "\"
607 (if (looking-at "\\\\~! ?")
609 ;; "\~!" or "\~! ". switch to non-verbatim mode
614 ;; "\" but not "\~!" nor "\~! ". skip the current "\".
617 ;; hereafter, non-verbatim mode and looking at a "\"
618 ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars.
620 ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
623 (setq ch (following-char))
626 (setq new-language 'toggle))
628 ;; "\~!" or "\~! " : switch to verbatim mode
634 ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
636 ;; "\~" but not "\~!" nor a language flag
639 (ethio-tilde-escape))
641 ;; ASCII punctuation escape. skip
642 ((looking-at "\\(,\\|\\.\\|;\\|:\\|'\\|`\\|\?\\|\\\\\\)+")
643 (goto-char (match-end 0)))
645 ;; "\", but not special sequence
647 (setq new-language 'toggle))))
651 (defun ethio-process-language-flag nil
652 "Process a language flag of the form \"~lang\" or \"~lang1~lang2\".
654 If looking at \"~lang1~lang2\", set `ethio-primary-language' and
655 `ethio-une-secondary-language' based on \"lang1\" and \"lang2\".
656 Then delete the language flag \"~lang1~lang2\" from the buffer.
657 Return value is the new primary language.
659 If looking at \"~lang\", delete that language flag \"~lang\" from the
660 buffer and return that language. In this case
661 `ethio-primary-language' and `ethio-uni-secondary-language'
664 If an unsupported language flag is found, just return nil without
672 "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
674 (ethio-flag-to-language
675 (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
677 (ethio-flag-to-language
678 (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))))
679 (setq ethio-primary-language lang1
680 ethio-secondary-language lang2)
681 (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
682 (if (= (following-char) 32)
684 ethio-primary-language)
687 ((and (looking-at "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
689 (ethio-flag-to-language
690 (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
691 (delete-region (point) (match-end 1))
692 (if (= (following-char) 32)
700 (defun ethio-tilde-escape nil
701 "Handle a SERA tilde escape in Ethiopic section and delete it.
702 Delete the escape even it is not recognised."
704 (let ((p (point)) command)
705 (skip-chars-forward "^ \t\n\\\\")
706 (setq command (buffer-substring p (point)))
707 (delete-region p (point))
708 (if (= (following-char) 32)
714 ((string= command "-:")
715 (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon t))
718 ((string= command "`:")
719 (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil))
722 ((string= command "?")
723 (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question nil))
726 ((string= command "`|")
727 (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question t))
730 ((string= command "e")
731 (insert "
\e$(3%j
\e(B"))
734 ((string= command "E")
735 (insert "
\e$(3%k
\e(B"))
738 ((string= command "a")
739 (insert "
\e$(3%l
\e(B"))
742 ((string= command "A")
743 (insert "
\e$(3%m
\e(B"))
746 ((string= command "X")
747 (insert "
\e$(3%i
\e(B"))
749 ;; unsupported tilde escape
753 (defun ethio-flag-to-language (flag)
755 ((or (string= flag "en") (string= flag "eng")) 'english)
756 ((or (string= flag "ti") (string= flag "tir")) 'tigrigna)
757 ((or (string= flag "am") (string= flag "amh")) 'amharic)
760 (defun ethio-convert-digit nil
761 "Convert Arabic digits to Ethiopic digits."
763 (while (and (>= (setq ch (following-char)) ?1)
767 ;; count up following zeros
769 (while (= (following-char) ?0)
775 ;; first digit is 10, 20, ..., or 90
777 (insert (aref [?
\e$(3$y
\e(B ?
\e$(3$z
\e(B ?
\e$(3${
\e(B ?
\e$(3$|
\e(B ?
\e$(3$}
\e(B ?
\e$(3$~
\e(B ?
\e$(3%!
\e(B ?
\e$(3%"
\e(B ?
\e$(3%#
\e(B] (- ch ?1)))
780 ;; first digit is 2, 3, ..., or 9
782 (insert (aref [?
\e$(3$q
\e(B ?
\e$(3$r
\e(B ?
\e$(3$s
\e(B ?
\e$(3$t
\e(B ?
\e$(3$u
\e(B ?
\e$(3$v
\e(B ?
\e$(3$w
\e(B ?
\e$(3$x
\e(B] (- ch ?2))))
786 (insert "
\e$(3$p
\e(B")))
790 (insert "
\e$(3%$
\e(B"))
793 (insert-char ?
\e$(3%%
\e(B (/ z 4)))))
796 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
797 "Execute ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail or ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker depending on the current major mode.
798 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
801 (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
802 (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
803 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (prefix-numeric-value arg))
804 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker arg)))
807 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (&optional arg)
808 "Convert SERA to FIDEL to read/write mail and news.
810 If the buffer contains the markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\",
811 convert the segments between them into FIDEL.
813 If invoked interactively and there is no marker, convert the subject field
814 and the body into FIDEL using `ethio-sera-to-fidel-region'."
817 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
821 ;; look for the header-body separator
822 (goto-char (point-min))
824 (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
825 "\n\n" (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
827 (setq border (point))
828 (error "header separator not found"))
830 ;; note that the point is placed at the border
831 (if (or (re-search-forward "^<sera>$" nil t)
833 (goto-char (point-min))
834 (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)))
838 ;; we start with the body so that the border will not change
839 ;; use "^<sera>\n" instead of "^<sera>$" not to leave a blank line
841 (while (re-search-forward "^<sera>\n" nil t)
843 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
846 (if (re-search-forward "^</sera>\n" nil 0)
849 ;; now process the subject
850 (goto-char (point-min))
851 (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)
852 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
853 (progn (delete-backward-char 6) (point))
855 (if (re-search-forward "</sera>$" (line-end-position) 0)
859 ;; in case there are no marks but invoked interactively
862 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region border (point-max))
863 (goto-char (point-min))
864 (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
865 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (point) (line-end-position))))))
867 ;; adjust the rmail marker
868 (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
870 (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
874 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker (&optional force)
875 "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from SERA to FIDEL.
876 Assume that each region begins with `ethio-primary-language'.
877 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
879 (if (and buffer-read-only
881 (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only. Force to convert? ")))
884 (goto-char (point-min))
885 (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
886 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
888 (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
898 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-sera-map
899 [ "he" "hu" "hi" "ha" "hE" "h" "ho" "" ;; 0 - 7
900 "le" "lu" "li" "la" "lE" "l" "lo" "lWa" ;; 8
901 "He" "Hu" "Hi" "Ha" "HE" "H" "Ho" "HWa" ;; 16
902 "me" "mu" "mi" "ma" "mE" "m" "mo" "mWa" ;; 24
903 "`se" "`su" "`si" "`sa" "`sE" "`s" "`so" "`sWa" ;; 32
904 "re" "ru" "ri" "ra" "rE" "r" "ro" "rWa" ;; 40
905 "se" "su" "si" "sa" "sE" "s" "so" "sWa" ;; 48
906 "xe" "xu" "xi" "xa" "xE" "x" "xo" "xWa" ;; 56
907 "qe" "qu" "qi" "qa" "qE" "q" "qo" "" ;; 64
908 "qWe" "" "qWi" "qWa" "qWE" "qW'" "" "" ;; 72
909 "Qe" "Qu" "Qi" "Qa" "QE" "Q" "Qo" "" ;; 80
910 "QWe" "" "QWi" "QWa" "QWE" "QW'" "" "" ;; 88
911 "be" "bu" "bi" "ba" "bE" "b" "bo" "bWa" ;; 96
912 "ve" "vu" "vi" "va" "vE" "v" "vo" "vWa" ;; 104
913 "te" "tu" "ti" "ta" "tE" "t" "to" "tWa" ;; 112
914 "ce" "cu" "ci" "ca" "cE" "c" "co" "cWa" ;; 120
915 "`he" "`hu" "`hi" "`ha" "`hE" "`h" "`ho" "" ;; 128
916 "hWe" "" "hWi" "hWa" "hWE" "hW'" "" "" ;; 136
917 "ne" "nu" "ni" "na" "nE" "n" "no" "nWa" ;; 144
918 "Ne" "Nu" "Ni" "Na" "NE" "N" "No" "NWa" ;; 152
919 "e" "u" "i" "A" "E" "I" "o" "ea" ;; 160
920 "ke" "ku" "ki" "ka" "kE" "k" "ko" "" ;; 168
921 "kWe" "" "kWi" "kWa" "kWE" "kW'" "" "" ;; 176
922 "Ke" "Ku" "Ki" "Ka" "KE" "K" "Ko" "" ;; 184
923 "KWe" "" "KWi" "KWa" "KWE" "KW'" "" "" ;; 192
924 "we" "wu" "wi" "wa" "wE" "w" "wo" "" ;; 200
925 "`e" "`u" "`i" "`a" "`E" "`I" "`o" "" ;; 208
926 "ze" "zu" "zi" "za" "zE" "z" "zo" "zWa" ;; 216
927 "Ze" "Zu" "Zi" "Za" "ZE" "Z" "Zo" "ZWa" ;; 224
928 "ye" "yu" "yi" "ya" "yE" "y" "yo" "yWa" ;; 232
929 "de" "du" "di" "da" "dE" "d" "do" "dWa" ;; 240
930 "De" "Du" "Di" "Da" "DE" "D" "Do" "DWa" ;; 248
931 "je" "ju" "ji" "ja" "jE" "j" "jo" "jWa" ;; 256
932 "ge" "gu" "gi" "ga" "gE" "g" "go" "" ;; 264
933 "gWe" "" "gWi" "gWa" "gWE" "gW'" "" "" ;; 272
934 "Ge" "Gu" "Gi" "Ga" "GE" "G" "Go" "GWa" ;; 280
935 "Te" "Tu" "Ti" "Ta" "TE" "T" "To" "TWa" ;; 288
936 "Ce" "Cu" "Ci" "Ca" "CE" "C" "Co" "CWa" ;; 296
937 "Pe" "Pu" "Pi" "Pa" "PE" "P" "Po" "PWa" ;; 304
938 "Se" "Su" "Si" "Sa" "SE" "S" "So" "SWa" ;; 312
939 "`Se" "`Su" "`Si" "`Sa" "`SE" "`S" "`So" "" ;; 320
940 "fe" "fu" "fi" "fa" "fE" "f" "fo" "fWa" ;; 328
941 "pe" "pu" "pi" "pa" "pE" "p" "po" "pWa" ;; 336
942 "mYa" "rYa" "fYa" "" "" "" "" "" ;; 344
943 " " " : " "::" "," ";" "-:" ":-" "`?" ;; 352
944 ":|:" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" ;; 360
945 "8" "9" "10" "20" "30" "40" "50" "60" ;; 368
946 "70" "80" "90" "100" "10000" "" "" "" ;; 376
947 "`qe" "`qu" "`qi" "`qa" "`qE" "`q" "`qo" "" ;; 384
948 "mWe" "bWe" "GWe" "fWe" "pWe" "" "" "" ;; 392
949 "`ke" "`ku" "`ki" "`ka" "`kE" "`k" "`ko" "" ;; 400
950 "mWi" "bWi" "GWi" "fWi" "pWi" "" "" "" ;; 408
951 "Xe" "Xu" "Xi" "Xa" "XE" "X" "Xo" "" ;; 416
952 "mWE" "bWE" "GWE" "fWE" "pWE" "" "" "" ;; 424
953 "`ge" "`gu" "`gi" "`ga" "`gE" "`g" "`go" "" ;; 432
954 "mW'" "bW'" "GW'" "fW'" "pW'" "" "" "" ;; 440
955 "\\~X " "\\~e " "\\~E " "\\~a " "\\~A " "wWe" "wWi" "wWa" ;; 448
956 "wWE" "wW'" "''" "`!" "." "<<" ">>" "?" ]) ;; 456
958 (defun ethio-prefer-amharic-p nil
959 (or (eq ethio-primary-language 'amharic)
960 (and (not (eq ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna))
961 (eq ethio-secondary-language 'amharic))))
963 (defun ethio-language-to-flag (lang)
965 ((eq lang 'english) "eng")
966 ((eq lang 'tigrigna) "tir")
967 ((eq lang 'amharic) "amh")
971 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-region (begin end &optional secondary force)
972 "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the region to the SERA format.
973 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
974 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
976 If the 3dr parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, try to convert
977 the region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with
978 the primary language.
980 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, convert even if the
983 See also the descriptions of the variables
984 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
985 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
989 (narrow-to-region begin end)
990 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer secondary force)))
993 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer (&optional secondary force)
994 "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the current buffer to the SERA format.
995 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
996 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
998 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, try to convert the
999 region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with the
1002 If the 2nd optional parameter FORCE is non-nil, convert even if the
1003 buffer is read-only.
1005 See also the descriptions of the variables
1006 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1007 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1010 (if (and buffer-read-only
1012 (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only. Force to convert? ")))
1015 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1016 (case-fold-search nil)
1017 (lonec nil) ;; t means previous char was a lone consonant
1018 (fidel nil) ;; t means previous char was a FIDEL
1019 (digit nil) ;; t means previous char was an Ethiopic digit
1020 (flag (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir "))
1023 ;; user's preference in transcription
1024 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon
1026 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 "`:")
1027 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 ":"))
1028 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 " : ")
1029 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 "-:"))
1031 (if ethio-use-three-dot-question
1033 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "?")
1034 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "`?"))
1035 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "`?")
1036 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "?"))
1040 (aset (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map x)
1042 (if ethio-W-sixth-always ?' ?u)))
1043 '(77 93 141 181 197 277 440 441 442 443 444 457))
1045 (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1046 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "a")
1047 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "e"))
1048 ;; end of user's preference
1050 ;; first, decompose geminated characters
1051 (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1053 ;; main conversion routine
1054 (goto-char (point-min))
1056 (setq ch (following-char))
1058 (cond ; ethiopic, english, neutral
1060 ;; ethiopic character. must go to ethiopic mode, if not in it.
1061 ((eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1062 (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch))
1064 (if (not (eq mode 'ethiopic))
1067 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))
1069 (cond ; fidel, punc, digit
1072 ((or (<= ch 346) ; he - fYa
1073 (and (>= ch 384) (<= ch 444)) ; `qe - pw
1074 (and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))) ; wWe - wW
1075 (if (and (memq ch '(160 161 162 163 164 166 167)) ; (e - ea)
1077 (and ethio-quote-vowel-always
1080 (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1081 (setq lonec (ethio-lone-consonant-p ch)
1085 ;; punctuations or icons
1086 ((or (and (>= ch 353) (<= ch 360)) ; : - :|:
1087 (>= ch 458) ; '' - ?
1088 (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452))) ; \~X \~e \~E \~a \~A
1089 (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1094 ;; now CH must be an ethiopic digit
1096 ;; reduction = 0 or not preceded by Ethiopic number(s)
1097 ((or (= ethio-numeric-reduction 0)
1099 (insert "`" (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1104 ;; reduction = 2 and following 10s, 100s, 10000s
1105 ((and (= ethio-numeric-reduction 2)
1106 (memq ch '(370 379 380)))
1107 (insert (substring (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch) 1))
1112 ;; ordinary following digits
1114 (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1119 ;; english character. must go to english mode, if not in it.
1120 ((or (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?z))
1121 (and (>= ch ?A) (<= ch ?Z)))
1122 (if (not (eq mode 'english))
1130 ;; ch can appear both in ethiopic section and in english section.
1133 ;; we must decide the mode, if not decided yet
1138 ethio-secondary-language
1139 ethio-primary-language))
1140 (if (eq mode 'english)
1143 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))) ; tigrigna & amharic --> ethiopic
1145 (cond ; \ , eng-mode , punc , w3 , other
1147 ;; backslash is always quoted
1152 ;; nothing to do if in english mode
1156 ;; now we must be in ethiopic mode and seeing a non-"\"
1158 ;; ascii punctuations in ethiopic mode
1159 ((looking-at "[,.;:'`?]+")
1161 (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))) ; because we inserted one byte (\)
1163 ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if called from w3
1164 ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
1165 sera-being-called-by-w3
1166 (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
1167 (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
1170 ;; neutral character. no need to quote. just skip it.
1177 ;; end of main conversion routine
1180 (defun ethio-lone-consonant-p (ethiocode)
1181 "If ETHIOCODE is an Ethiopic lone consonant, return t."
1182 (or (and (< ethiocode 344) (= (% ethiocode 8) 5))
1184 ;; `q `k X `g mW bW GW fW pW wW
1185 (memq ethiocode '(389 405 421 437 440 441 442 443 444 457))))
1188 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
1189 "Execute ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail or ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker depending on the current major mode.
1190 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
1193 (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1194 (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
1195 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
1196 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker arg)))
1199 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail nil
1200 "Convert FIDEL to SERA to read/write mail and news.
1202 If the body contains at least one Ethiopic character,
1203 1) insert the string \"<sera>\" at the beginning of the body,
1204 2) insert \"</sera>\" at the end of the body, and
1205 3) convert the body into SERA.
1207 The very same procedure applies to the subject field, too."
1210 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1214 ;; look for the header-body separator
1215 (goto-char (point-min))
1217 (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1218 "\n\n" (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
1220 (setq border (point))
1221 (error "header separator not found"))
1223 ;; process body first not to change the border
1224 ;; note that the point is already at the border
1225 (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1227 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region border (point-max))
1230 (goto-char (point-max))
1231 (insert "</sera>")))
1234 (goto-char (point-min))
1235 (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
1237 (end (line-end-position)))
1238 (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" end t)
1240 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region beg end)
1244 (insert "</sera>")))))
1246 ;; adjust the rmail marker
1247 (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1249 (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
1253 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker (&optional force)
1254 "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from FIDEL to SERA.
1255 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
1258 (if (and buffer-read-only
1260 (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only. Force to convert? ")))
1263 (goto-char (point-min))
1264 (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1265 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region
1267 (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
1274 ;; vowel modification
1278 (defun ethio-modify-vowel nil
1279 "Modify the vowel of the FIDEL that is under the cursor."
1281 (let ((ch (following-char))
1282 (composite nil) ; geminated or not
1283 newch base vowel modulo)
1286 ;; in case of gemination
1287 ((eq (char-charset ch) 'composition)
1288 (setq ch (string-to-char (decompose-composite-char ch))
1290 ;; neither gemination nor fidel
1291 ((not (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic))
1292 (error "Not a valid character.")))
1294 ;; set frequently referred character features
1295 (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch)
1299 (if (or (and (>= ch 344) (<= ch 380)) ;; mYa - `10000
1300 (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452)) ;; \~X - \~A
1301 (>= ch 458)) ;; private punctuations
1302 (error "Not a valid character."))
1308 ;; first standalone vowels
1310 (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1311 (message "Modify vowel to: [auiAEIoW\"] ")
1312 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiAEIoW\"] "))
1313 (setq vowel (read-char))
1323 ((= vowel ?a) (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) 160 163))
1324 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1327 ;; second standalone vowels
1329 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaEIo\"] ")
1330 (setq vowel (read-char))
1339 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1342 ;; 12-form consonants, *W* form
1343 ((memq base '(72 88 136 176 192 272)) ; qW QW hW kW KW gW
1344 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1345 (setq vowel (read-char))
1348 ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 5))
1349 ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1350 ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1351 ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1352 ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1353 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1356 ;; extended 12-form consonants, mWa bWa GWa fWa pWa
1358 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1359 (setq vowel (read-char))
1367 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1370 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1371 (setq vowel (read-char))
1379 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1382 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1383 (setq vowel (read-char))
1391 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1394 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1395 (setq vowel (read-char))
1403 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1406 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1407 (setq vowel (read-char))
1415 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1418 ;; extended 12-form consonatns, mW* bW* GW* fW* pW*
1419 ((memq base '(392 408 424 440)) ; *We *Wi *WE *W
1420 (message "Modify vowel to: [eiEau'\"] ")
1421 (setq vowel (read-char))
1423 ((= vowel ?e) (+ 392 modulo))
1424 ((= vowel ?i) (+ 408 modulo))
1425 ((= vowel ?E) (+ 424 modulo))
1427 ((= modulo 0) 31) ; mWa
1428 ((= modulo 1) 103) ; bWa
1429 ((= modulo 2) 287) ; GWa
1430 ((= modulo 3) 335) ; fWa
1431 ((= modulo 4) 343) ; pWa
1432 (t nil))) ; never reach here
1433 ((= vowel ?') (+ 440 modulo))
1434 ((= vowel ?u) (+ 440 modulo))
1435 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1438 ((and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457)) ; wWe wWi wWa wWE wW
1439 (message "Modify vowel to: [eiaE'u\"] ")
1440 (setq vowel (read-char))
1448 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1451 ;; 7-form consonants, or
1452 ;; first 7 of 8-form consonants
1454 (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'o\"] ")
1455 (setq vowel (read-char))
1458 ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 1))
1459 ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1460 ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1461 ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1462 ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1463 ((= vowel ?o) (+ base 6))
1464 ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1473 ;; could not get new character
1475 (error "Invalid vowel"))
1477 ;; vowel changed on a composite Fidel
1482 (concat (char-to-string (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch)) "
\e$(3%s
\e(B"))))
1484 ;; simple vowel modification
1487 (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))))))
1489 (defun ethio-ethiocode-to-char (ethiocode)
1492 (+ (/ ethiocode 94) 33)
1493 (+ (mod ethiocode 94) 33)))
1495 (defun ethio-char-to-ethiocode (ch)
1496 (and (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1497 (let ((char-components (split-char ch)))
1498 (+ (* (- (nth 1 char-components) 33) 94)
1499 (- (nth 2 char-components) 33)))))
1502 ;; space replacement
1506 (defun ethio-replace-space (ch begin end)
1507 "Replace ASCII spaces with Ethiopic word separators in the region.
1509 In the specified region, replace word separators surrounded by two
1510 Ethiopic characters, depending on the first parameter CH, which should
1513 If CH = 1, word separator will be replaced with an ASCII space.
1514 If CH = 2, with two ASCII spaces.
1515 If CH = 3, with the Ethiopic colon-like word separator.
1517 The second and third parameters BEGIN and END specify the region."
1519 (interactive "*cReplace spaces to: 1 (sg col), 2 (dbl col), 3 (Ethiopic)\nr")
1520 (if (not (memq ch '(?1 ?2 ?3)))
1524 (narrow-to-region begin end)
1528 ;; an Ethiopic word separator --> an ASCII space
1529 (goto-char (point-min))
1530 (while (search-forward "
\e$(3$h
\e(B" nil t)
1531 (replace-match " " nil t))
1533 ;; two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters --> an ASCII space
1534 (goto-char (point-min))
1535 (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1536 (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1537 (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1540 ;; An Ethiopic word separator --> two ASCII spaces
1541 (goto-char (point-min))
1542 (while (search-forward "
\e$(3$h
\e(B" nil t)
1543 (replace-match " "))
1545 ;; An ASCII space between Ethiopic characters --> two ASCII spaces
1546 (goto-char (point-min))
1547 (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1548 (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1549 (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1552 ;; One or two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1553 ;; --> An Ethiopic word separator
1554 (goto-char (point-min))
1555 (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) ?\\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1556 (replace-match "\\1
\e$(3$h
\e(B\\2")
1557 (goto-char (match-beginning 2)))
1559 ;; Three or more ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1560 ;; --> An Ethiopic word separator + (N - 2) ASCII spaces
1561 (goto-char (point-min))
1562 (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\( *\\ce\\)" nil t)
1563 (replace-match "\\1
\e$(3$h
\e(B\\2")
1564 (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))))))
1571 (defun ethio-input-special-character (arg)
1572 "Allow the user to input special characters."
1573 (interactive "*cInput number: 1.
\e$(3%j
\e(B 2.
\e$(3%k
\e(B 3.
\e$(3%l
\e(B 4.
\e$(3%m
\e(B 5.
\e$(3%i
\e(B")
1576 (insert "
\e$(3%j
\e(B"))
1578 (insert "
\e$(3%k
\e(B"))
1580 (insert "
\e$(3%l
\e(B"))
1582 (insert "
\e$(3%m
\e(B"))
1584 (insert "
\e$(3%i
\e(B"))
1592 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1593 [ "heG" "huG" "hiG" "haG" "hEG" "hG" "hoG" "" ;; 0 - 7
1594 "leG" "luG" "liG" "laG" "lEG" "lG" "loG" "lWaG" ;; 8
1595 "HeG" "HuG" "HiG" "HaG" "HEG" "HG" "HoG" "HWaG" ;; 16
1596 "meG" "muG" "miG" "maG" "mEG" "mG" "moG" "mWaG" ;; 24
1597 "sseG" "ssuG" "ssiG" "ssaG" "ssEG" "ssG" "ssoG" "ssWaG" ;; 32
1598 "reG" "ruG" "riG" "raG" "rEG" "rG" "roG" "rWaG" ;; 40
1599 "seG" "suG" "siG" "saG" "sEG" "sG" "soG" "sWaG" ;; 48
1600 "xeG" "xuG" "xiG" "xaG" "xEG" "xG" "xoG" "xWaG" ;; 56
1601 "qeG" "quG" "qiG" "qaG" "qEG" "qG" "qoG" "" ;; 64
1602 "qWeG" "" "qWiG" "qWaG" "qWEG" "qWG" "" "" ;; 72
1603 "QeG" "QuG" "QiG" "QaG" "QEG" "QG" "QoG" "" ;; 80
1604 "QWeG" "" "QWiG" "QWaG" "QWEG" "QWG" "" "" ;; 88
1605 "beG" "buG" "biG" "baG" "bEG" "bG" "boG" "bWaG" ;; 96
1606 "veG" "vuG" "viG" "vaG" "vEG" "vG" "voG" "vWaG" ;; 104
1607 "teG" "tuG" "tiG" "taG" "tEG" "tG" "toG" "tWaG" ;; 112
1608 "ceG" "cuG" "ciG" "caG" "cEG" "cG" "coG" "cWaG" ;; 120
1609 "hheG" "hhuG" "hhiG" "hhaG" "hhEG" "hhG" "hhoG" "" ;; 128
1610 "hWeG" "" "hWiG" "hWaG" "hWEG" "hWG" "" "" ;; 136
1611 "neG" "nuG" "niG" "naG" "nEG" "nG" "noG" "nWaG" ;; 144
1612 "NeG" "NuG" "NiG" "NaG" "NEG" "NG" "NoG" "NWaG" ;; 152
1613 "eG" "uG" "iG" "AG" "EG" "IG" "oG" "eaG" ;; 160
1614 "keG" "kuG" "kiG" "kaG" "kEG" "kG" "koG" "" ;; 168
1615 "kWeG" "" "kWiG" "kWaG" "kWEG" "kWG" "" "" ;; 176
1616 "KeG" "KuG" "KiG" "KaG" "KEG" "KG" "KoG" "" ;; 184
1617 "KWeG" "" "KWiG" "KWaG" "KWEG" "KWG" "" "" ;; 192
1618 "weG" "wuG" "wiG" "waG" "wEG" "wG" "woG" "" ;; 200
1619 "eeG" "uuG" "iiG" "aaG" "EEG" "IIG" "ooG" "" ;; 208
1620 "zeG" "zuG" "ziG" "zaG" "zEG" "zG" "zoG" "zWaG" ;; 216
1621 "ZeG" "ZuG" "ZiG" "ZaG" "ZEG" "ZG" "ZoG" "ZWaG" ;; 224
1622 "yeG" "yuG" "yiG" "yaG" "yEG" "yG" "yoG" "yWaG" ;; 232
1623 "deG" "duG" "diG" "daG" "dEG" "dG" "doG" "dWaG" ;; 240
1624 "DeG" "DuG" "DiG" "DaG" "DEG" "DG" "DoG" "DWaG" ;; 248
1625 "jeG" "juG" "jiG" "jaG" "jEG" "jG" "joG" "jWaG" ;; 256
1626 "geG" "guG" "giG" "gaG" "gEG" "gG" "goG" "" ;; 264
1627 "gWeG" "" "gWiG" "gWaG" "gWEG" "gWG" "" "" ;; 272
1628 "GeG" "GuG" "GiG" "GaG" "GEG" "GG" "GoG" "GWaG" ;; 280
1629 "TeG" "TuG" "TiG" "TaG" "TEG" "TG" "ToG" "TWaG" ;; 288
1630 "CeG" "CuG" "CiG" "CaG" "CEG" "CG" "CoG" "CWaG" ;; 296
1631 "PeG" "PuG" "PiG" "PaG" "PEG" "PG" "PoG" "PWaG" ;; 304
1632 "SeG" "SuG" "SiG" "SaG" "SEG" "SG" "SoG" "SWaG" ;; 312
1633 "SSeG" "SSuG" "SSiG" "SSaG" "SSEG" "SSG" "SSoG" "" ;; 320
1634 "feG" "fuG" "fiG" "faG" "fEG" "fG" "foG" "fWaG" ;; 328
1635 "peG" "puG" "piG" "paG" "pEG" "pG" "poG" "pWaG" ;; 336
1636 "mYaG" "rYaG" "fYaG" "" "" "" "" "" ;; 344
1637 "" "spaceG" "periodG" "commaG" ;; 352
1638 "semicolonG" "colonG" "precolonG" "oldqmarkG" ;; 356
1639 "pbreakG" "andG" "huletG" "sostG" "aratG" "amstG" "sadstG" "sabatG" ;; 360
1640 "smntG" "zeteNG" "asrG" "heyaG" "selasaG" "arbaG" "hemsaG" "slsaG" ;; 368
1641 "sebaG" "semanyaG" "zeTanaG" "metoG" "asrxiG" "" "" "" ;; 376
1642 "qqeG" "qquG" "qqiG" "qqaG" "qqEG" "qqG" "qqoG" "" ;; 384
1643 "mWeG" "bWeG" "GWeG" "fWeG" "pWeG" "" "" "" ;; 392
1644 "kkeG" "kkuG" "kkiG" "kkaG" "kkEG" "kkG" "kkoG" "" ;; 400
1645 "mWiG" "bWiG" "GWiG" "fWiG" "pWiG" "" "" "" ;; 408
1646 "XeG" "XuG" "GXiG" "XaG" "XEG" "XG" "XoG" "" ;; 416
1647 "mWEG" "bWEG" "GWEG" "fWEG" "pWEG" "" "" "" ;; 424
1648 "ggeG" "gguG" "ggiG" "ggaG" "ggEG" "ggG" "ggoG" "" ;; 432
1649 "mWG" "bWG" "GWG" "fWG" "pWG" "" "" "" ;; 440
1650 "ornamentG" "flandG" "iflandG" "africaG" ;; 448
1651 "iafricaG" "wWeG" "wWiG" "wWaG" ;; 452
1652 "wWEG" "wWG" "" "slaqG" "dotG" "lquoteG" "rquoteG" "qmarkG" ]) ;; 456
1655 ;; To make tex-to-fidel mapping.
1656 ;; The following code makes
1657 ;; (get 'ethio-tex-command-he 'ethio-fidel-char) ==> ?
\e$(3!!
\e(B
1662 (while (< i (length ethio-fidel-to-tex-map))
1663 (setq str (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i))
1664 (if (not (string= str ""))
1666 (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-" (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i)))
1668 (ethio-ethiocode-to-char i)))
1672 (defun ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer nil
1673 "Convert each fidel characters in the current buffer into a fidel-tex command.
1674 Each command is always surrounded by braces."
1676 (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
1678 ;; Isolated gemination marks need special treatement
1679 (goto-char (point-min))
1680 (while (search-forward "
\e$(3%s
\e(B" nil t)
1681 (replace-match "\\geminateG{}" t t))
1683 ;; First, decompose geminations
1684 ;; Here we assume that each composed character consists of
1685 ;; one Ethiopic character and the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1686 (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1688 ;; Special treatment for geminated characters
1689 ;; The geminated character (la'') will be "\geminateG{\la}".
1690 (goto-char (point-min))
1691 (while (search-forward "
\e$(3%s
\e(B" nil t)
1692 (delete-backward-char 1)
1694 (insert "\\geminateG")
1697 ;; Ethiopic characters to TeX macros
1698 (goto-char (point-min))
1699 (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1702 (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1703 (prog1 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))
1704 (backward-delete-char 1)))
1706 (goto-char (point-min))
1707 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1710 (defun ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer nil
1711 "Convert fidel-tex commands in the current buffer into fidel chars."
1713 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1716 ;; Special treatment for gemination
1717 ;; "\geminateG{\la}" or "\geminateG{{\la}}" will be "\la
\e$(3%s
\e(B"
1718 ;; "\geminateG{}" remains unchanged.
1719 (goto-char (point-min))
1720 (while (re-search-forward "\\\\geminateG{\\(\\\\[a-zA-Z]+\\)}" nil t)
1721 (replace-match "\\1
\e$(3%s
\e(B"))
1723 ;; TeX macros to Ethiopic characters
1724 (goto-char (point-min))
1725 (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
1727 (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z")
1729 (get (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-"
1730 (buffer-substring p (point))))
1734 (delete-region (1- p) (point)) ; don't forget the preceding "\"
1735 (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?{)
1736 (= (following-char) ?}))
1738 (backward-delete-char 1)
1742 ;; compose geminated characters
1743 (goto-char (point-min))
1744 (while (re-search-forward "\\ce
\e$(3%s
\e(B" nil 0)
1746 (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1749 ;; Now it's time to convert isolated gemination marks.
1750 (goto-char (point-min))
1751 (while (search-forward "\\geminateG{}" nil t)
1752 (replace-match "
\e$(3%s
\e(B"))
1754 (goto-char (point-min))
1755 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1762 (defun ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer nil
1763 "Convert Ethiopic characters into the Java escape sequences.
1765 Each escape sequence is of the form \\uXXXX, where XXXX is the
1766 character's codepoint (in hex) in Unicode.
1768 If `ethio-java-save-lowercase' is non-nil, use [0-9a-f].
1769 Otherwise, [0-9A-F]."
1772 ;; first, decompose geminations
1773 (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1775 (goto-char (point-min))
1776 (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1777 (setq ucode (+ #x1200 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))))
1778 (if (> ucode #x13bc)
1779 (setq ucode (+ ucode 59952)))
1780 (delete-backward-char 1)
1781 (if ethio-java-save-lowercase
1782 (insert (format "\\u%4x" ucode))
1783 (insert (upcase (format "\\u%4x" ucode)))))))
1786 (defun ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer nil
1787 "Convert the Java escape sequences into corresponding Ethiopic characters."
1789 (goto-char (point-min))
1790 (while (re-search-forward "\\\\u\\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\\)" nil t)
1795 (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
1797 ((and (>= ucode #x1200) (<= ucode #x13bc))
1799 (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode #x1200))))
1800 ((and (>= ucode #xfdf1) (<= ucode #xfdff))
1802 (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode 64560))))
1807 (goto-char (point-min))
1808 (while (re-search-forward "\\ce
\e$(3%s
\e(B" nil 0)
1810 (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1819 (defun ethio-find-file nil
1820 "Transcribe file content into Ethiopic dependig on filename suffix."
1823 ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1825 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer nil 'force)
1826 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1828 ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1829 (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t))
1831 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker 'force)
1832 (goto-char (point-min))
1833 (while (re-search-forward "&[lr]aquote;" nil t)
1834 (if (= (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0))) ?l)
1835 (replace-match "
\e$(3%v
\e(B")
1836 (replace-match "
\e$(3%w
\e(B")))
1837 (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1839 ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1841 (ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer)
1842 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1844 ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1846 (ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer)
1847 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1853 (defun ethio-write-file nil
1854 "Transcribe Ethiopic characters in ASCII depending on the file extension."
1857 ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1859 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer nil 'force)
1860 (goto-char (point-min))
1861 (ethio-record-user-preference)
1862 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1864 ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1866 (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t)
1867 (lq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461))
1868 (rq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462)))
1869 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 "«te;")
1870 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 "»te;")
1871 (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker 'force)
1872 (goto-char (point-min))
1873 (if (search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1874 (ethio-record-user-preference))
1875 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 lq)
1876 (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 rq)
1877 (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1879 ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1881 (ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer)
1882 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1884 ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1886 (ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer)
1887 (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1892 (defun ethio-record-user-preference nil
1893 (if (looking-at "\\\\~\\(tir?\\|amh?\\) ")
1894 (goto-char (match-end 0))
1895 (insert (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir ")))
1896 (insert (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\\~-: " "\\~`: ")
1897 (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\\~`| " "\\~`? ")))
1900 ;; Ethiopic word separator vs. ASCII space
1903 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-space t)
1904 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-space)
1906 (defun ethio-toggle-space nil
1907 "Toggle ASCII space and Ethiopic separator for keyboard input."
1909 (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1910 (not ethio-prefer-ascii-space))
1911 (force-mode-line-update))
1913 (defun ethio-insert-space (arg)
1914 "Insert ASCII spaces or Ethiopic word separators depending on context.
1916 If the current word separator (indicated in mode-line) is the ASCII space,
1917 insert an ASCII space. With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1919 If the current word separator is the colon-like Ethiopic word
1920 separator and the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic punctuation mark
1921 followed by zero or more ASCII spaces', then insert also an ASCII
1922 space. With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1924 Otherwise, insert a colon-like Ethiopic word separator. With ARG, insert that
1925 many Ethiopic word separators."
1929 (ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1930 (insert-char 32 arg))
1932 (skip-chars-backward " ")
1933 (memq (preceding-char)
1934 '(?
\e$(3$h
\e(B ?
\e$(3$i
\e(B ?
\e$(3$j
\e(B ?
\e$(3$k
\e(B ?
\e$(3$l
\e(B ?
\e$(3$m
\e(B ?
\e$(3$n
\e(B ?
\e$(3$o
\e(B ?
\e$(3%t
\e(B ?
\e$(3%u
\e(B ?
\e$(3%v
\e(B ?
\e$(3%w
\e(B ?
\e$(3%x
\e(B)))
1935 (insert-char 32 arg))
1937 (insert-char ?
\e$(3$h
\e(B arg))))
1939 (defun ethio-insert-ethio-space (arg)
1940 "Insert the Ethiopic word delimiter (the colon-like character).
1941 With ARG, insert that many delimiters."
1943 (insert-char ?
\e$(3$h
\e(B arg))
1946 ;; Ethiopic punctuation vs. ASCII punctuation
1949 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation nil)
1950 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation)
1952 (defun ethio-toggle-punctuation nil
1953 "Toggle Ethiopic punctuations and ASCII punctuations for keyboard input."
1955 (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1956 (not ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation))
1957 (let* ((keys '("." ".." "..." "," ",," ";" ";;" ":" "::" ":::" "*" "**"))
1959 (if ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1960 '(?. [".."] ["..."] ?, [",,"] ?\; [";;"] ?: ["::"] [":::"] ?* ["**"])
1961 '(?
\e$(3$i
\e(B ?
\e$(3%u
\e(B ?. ?
\e$(3$j
\e(B ?, ?
\e$(3$k
\e(B ?\; ?
\e$(3$h
\e(B ?
\e$(3$i
\e(B ?: ?* ?
\e$(3$o
\e(B))))
1963 (quail-defrule (car keys) (car puncs) "ethiopic")
1964 (setq keys (cdr keys)
1966 (force-mode-line-update)))
1972 (defun ethio-gemination nil
1973 "Compose the character before the point with the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1974 If the character is already composed, decompose it and remove the gemination
1978 ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'ethiopic)
1979 (insert "
\e$(3%s
\e(B")
1981 (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1984 ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'leading-code-composition)
1986 (save-excursion (backward-char 1) (point))
1988 (delete-backward-char 1))
1993 (provide 'ethio-util)
1995 ;;; ethio-util.el ends here