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[gnus] / lisp / gnus.el

;;; (ding) Gnus: a newsreader for GNU Emacs
;; Copyright (C) 1987,88,89,90,93,94,95 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Masanobu UMEDA <umerin@flab.flab.fujitsu.junet>
;;      Lars Ingebrigtsen <larsi@ifi.uio.no>
;; Keywords: news

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

;;; Commentary:

;; Although (ding) Gnus looks suspiciously like GNUS, it isn't quite
;; the same beast. Most internal structures have been changed. If you
;; have written packages that depend on any of the hash tables,
;; `gnus-newsrc-assoc', `gnus-killed-assoc', marked lists, the .newsrc
;; buffer, or internal knowledge of the `nntp-header-' macros, or
;; dependence on the buffers having a certain format, your code will
;; fail.

;;; Code:

(require 'mail-utils)
(require 'rnews)
(require 'rmail)
(require 'timezone)

(require 'nnheader)
(require 'nnmail)

;; Customization variables

(defvar gnus-select-method 
  (list 'nntp (or (getenv "NNTPSERVER") 
                  (if (and gnus-default-nntp-server
                           (not (string= gnus-default-nntp-server "")))
                      gnus-default-nntp-server)
                  (system-name))
        "nntp")
  "Default method for selecting a newsgroup.
This variable should be a list, where the first element is how the
news is to be fetched, the second is the address, and the optional
third element is the \"port number\", if nntp is used.

For instance, if you want to get your news via NNTP from
\"flab.flab.edu\" on port 23, you could say:

(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp \"flab.flab.edu\" 23))

If you want to use your local spool, say:

(setq gnus-select-method (list 'nnspool (system-name)))

If you use this variable, you must set `gnus-nntp-server' to nil.")

;; Added by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
(defvar gnus-post-method nil
  "Preferred method for posting USENET news.
If this variable is nil, GNUS will use the current method to decide
which method to use when posting.  If it is non-nil, it will override
the current method. This method will not be used in mail groups and
the like, only in \"real\" newsgroups.

The value must be a valid method as discussed in the documentation of
`gnus-select-method'.")

(defvar gnus-default-nntp-server nil
  "Specify a default NNTP server.
This variable should be defined in paths.el.")

(defvar gnus-secondary-servers nil
  "List of NNTP servers that the user can choose between interactively.
The list should contain lists, where each list contains the name of
the server. To make Gnus query you for a server, you have to give
`gnus' a non-numeric prefix - `C-u M-x gnus', in short.")

(defvar gnus-nntp-server nil
  "*The name of the host running the NNTP server.
This variable is semi-obsolete. Use the `gnus-select-method'
variable instead.")

(defvar gnus-nntp-service "nntp"
  "NNTP service name (\"nntp\" or 119).
This is an obsolete variable, which is scarcely used. If you use an
nntp server for your newsgroup and want to change the port number
used to 899, you would say something along these lines:

(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp \"my.nntp.server\" 899))")

(defvar gnus-startup-file "~/.newsrc"
  "Your `.newsrc' file.  Use `.newsrc-SERVER' instead if it exists.")

(defvar gnus-signature-file "~/.signature"
  "Your `.signature' file.")

(defvar gnus-init-file "~/.gnus"
  "Your Gnus elisp startup file.
If a file with the .el or .elc suffixes exist, they will be read
instead.") 

(defvar gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups nil
  "This variable lists what newsgroups should be susbcribed the first time Gnus is used.
It should be a list of strings.
If it is `t', Gnus will not do anything special the first time it is
started; it'll just use the normal newsgroups subscription methods.")

(defconst gnus-backup-default-subscribed-newsgroups 
  '("news.announce.newusers" "news.groups.questions")
  "Default default new newsgroups the first time Gnus is run.")

(defvar gnus-post-prepare-function nil
  "Function that is run after a post buffer has been prepared.
It is called with the name of the newsgroup that is posted to. It
might be use, for instance, for inserting signatures based on the
newsgroup name. (In that case, `gnus-signature-file' and
`mail-signature' should both be set to nil).")

(defvar gnus-use-cross-reference t
  "Non-nil means that cross referenced articles will be marked as read.
If nil, ignore cross references.  If t, mark articles as read in
all newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-use-followup-to 'use
  "Specifies what to do with Followup-To field.
If nil, ignore the field. If it is t, use its value, but ignore 
`poster'. If it is neither nil nor t, always use the value.")

(defvar gnus-followup-to-function nil
  "A variable that contains a function that returns a followup address.
The function will be called in the buffer of the article that is being
followed up. The buffer will be narrowed to the headers of the
article. To pick header fields, one might use `mail-fetch-field'.  The
function will be called with the name of the current newsgroup as the
argument.

Here's an example `gnus-followup-to-function':

(setq gnus-followup-to-function
      (lambda (group)
        (cond ((string= group \"mail.list\")
               (or (mail-fetch-field \"sender\") 
                   (mail-fetch-field \"from\")))
              (t
               (or (mail-fetch-field \"reply-to\") 
                   (mail-fetch-field \"from\"))))))")

(defvar gnus-reply-to-function nil
  "A variable that contains a function that returns a reply address.
See the `gnus-followup-to-function' variable for an explanation of how
this variable is used.")

(defvar gnus-large-newsgroup 200
  "The number of articles which indicates a large newsgroup.
If the number of articles in a newsgroup is greater than the value,
confirmation is required for selecting the newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-author-copy (getenv "AUTHORCOPY")
  "Name of the file the article will be saved before it is posted using the FCC: field.
Initialized from the AUTHORCOPY environment variable.

Articles are saved using a function specified by the the variable
`gnus-author-copy-saver' (`rmail-output' is default) if a file name is
given.  Instead, if the first character of the name is `|', the
contents of the article is piped out to the named program. It is
possible to save an article in an MH folder as follows:

\(setq gnus-author-copy \"|/usr/local/lib/mh/rcvstore +Article\")")

(defvar gnus-author-copy-saver (function rmail-output)
  "A function called with a file name to save an author copy to.
The default function is `rmail-output' which saves in Unix mailbox format.")

(defvar gnus-use-long-file-name (not (memq system-type '(usg-unix-v xenix)))
  "Non-nil means that the default name of a file to save articles in is the newsgroup name.
If it's nil, the directory form of the newsgroup name is used instead.")

(defvar gnus-article-save-directory (getenv "SAVEDIR")
  "Name of the directory articles will be saved in (default \"~/News\").
Initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable.")

(defvar gnus-kill-files-directory (getenv "SAVEDIR")
  "Name of the directory where kill files will be stored (default \"~/News\").
Initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable.")

(defvar gnus-kill-expiry-days 7
  "*Number of days before unused kill file entries are expired.")

(defvar gnus-default-article-saver (function gnus-summary-save-in-rmail)
  "A function to save articles in your favorite format.
The function must be interactively callable (in other words, it must
be an Emacs command).

Gnus provides the following functions:

* gnus-summary-save-in-rmail (Rmail format)
* gnus-summary-save-in-mail (Unix mail format)
* gnus-summary-save-in-folder (MH folder)
* gnus-summary-save-in-file (article format).")

(defvar gnus-rmail-save-name (function gnus-plain-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in Rmail format.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.")

(defvar gnus-mail-save-name (function gnus-plain-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in Unix mail format.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.")

(defvar gnus-folder-save-name (function gnus-folder-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in MH folder.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FOLDER.")

(defvar gnus-file-save-name (function gnus-numeric-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in article format.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.")

(defvar gnus-kill-file-name "KILL"
  "Suffix of the kill files.")

(defvar gnus-visual t
  "*If non-nil, will do various highlighting.
If nil, no mouse highlight (or any other) will be performed. This
might speed up Gnus some when generating large Newsgroup and Summary
buffers.")

(defvar gnus-novice-user t
  "*Non-nil means that you are a usenet novice.
If non-nil, verbose messages may be displayed and confirmations may be
required.")

(defvar gnus-expert-user nil
  "*Non-nil means that you will never be asked for confirmation about anything.
And that means *anything*.")

(defvar gnus-keep-same-level nil
  "Non-nil means that the next newsgroup after the current will be on the same level.
When you type, for instance, `n' after reading the last article in the
current newsgroup, you will go to the next newsgroup. If this variable
is nil, the next newsgroup will be the next from the Newsgroup
buffer. If this variable is non-nil, Gnus will either put you in the
next newsgroup with the same level, or, if no such newsgroup is
available, the next newsgroup with the lowest possible level higher
than the current level.")

(defvar gnus-gather-loose-threads t
  "Non-nil means sub-threads from a common thread will be gathered.
If the root of a thread has expired or been read in a previous
session, the information necessary to build a complete thread has been
lost. Instead of having many small sub-threads from this original thread
scattered all over the Summary buffer, Gnus will gather them. If the
`gnus-summary-make-false-root' variable is non-nil, Gnus will also
present them as one thread with a new root.")

(defvar gnus-summary-make-false-root 'adopt
  "nil means that Gnus won't print dummy roots of threads in the summary buffer.
If `gnus-gather-loose-threads' is non-nil, Gnus will try to gather all
loose sub-threads from an original thread into one large thread. If
this variable is nil, these sub-threads will not get a common root,
but will just be presented after one another. If this variable is
`dummy', Gnus will create a dummy root that will have all the
sub-threads as children.
If this variable is `adopt', Gnus will make one of the \"children\"
the parent and mark all the step-children as such.
If this variable is `empty', the \"children\" are printed with empty
subject fields.")

(defvar gnus-check-new-newsgroups t
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will add new newsgroups at startup.
If this variable is nil, then you have to tell Gnus explicitly to
check for new newsgroups with \\<gnus-group-mode-map>\\[gnus-find-new-newsgroups].")

(defvar gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups nil
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will check and delete bogus newsgroup at startup.
If this variable is nil, then you have to tell Gnus explicitly to
check for bogus newsgroups with \\<gnus-group-mode-map>\\[gnus-group-check-bogus-groups].")

(defvar gnus-read-active-file t
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will read the entire active file at startup.
If this variable is nil, Gnus will only read parts of the active file.")

(defvar gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups nil
  "If nil, Gnus will not check foreign newsgroups at startup.
If it is non-nil, it should be a number between one and nine. Foreign
newsgroups that have a level lower or equal to this number will be
activated on startup. For instance, if you want to active all
subscribed newsgroups, but not the rest, you'd set this variable to 5.

If you subscribe to lots of newsgroups from different servers, startup
might take a while. By setting this variable to nil, you'll save time,
but you won't be told how many unread articles there are in the
newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-save-newsrc-file t
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will save a .newsrc file.
Gnus always saves its own startup file, which is called \".newsrc.el\".
The file called \".newsrc\" is in a format that can be readily
understood by other newsreaders. If you don't plan on using other
newsreaders, set this variable to nil to save some time on exit.")

(defvar gnus-save-killed-list t
  "If non-nil, save the list of killed groups to the startup file.
This will save both time (when starting and quitting) and space (on
disk), but it will also mean that Gnus has no record of what
newsgroups are new or old, so the automatic new newsgroups
subscription methods become meaningless. You should always set
`gnus-check-new-newsgroups' to nil if you set this variable to nil.") 

(defvar gnus-interactive-catchup t
  "Require your confirmation when catching up a newsgroup if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-interactive-post t
  "Newsgroup and subject will be asked for if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-interactive-exit t
  "Require your confirmation when exiting Gnus if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-kill-killed t
  "If non-nil, Gnus will apply kill files to already \"killed\" articles.
If it is nil, Gnus will never apply kill files to articles that have
already been through the kill process, which might very well save lots
of time.")

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defvar gnus-summary-same-subject ""
  "String indicating that the current article has the same subject as the previous.")

(defvar gnus-summary-default-interest nil
  "Default article interest level.
If this variable is nil, interest levels will not be used.")

(defvar gnus-user-login-name nil
  "The login name of the user.
Got from the function `user-login-name' if undefined.")

(defvar gnus-user-full-name nil
  "The full name of the user.
Got from the NAME environment variable if undefined.")

(defvar gnus-show-mime nil
  "*Show MIME message if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-show-threads t
  "*Show conversation threads in Summary Mode if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-thread-hide-subtree nil
  "Non-nil means hide thread subtrees initially.
If non-nil, you have to run the command `gnus-summary-show-thread' by
hand or by using `gnus-select-article-hook' to show hidden threads.")

(defvar gnus-thread-hide-killed t
  "Non-nil means hide killed thread subtrees automatically.")

(defvar gnus-thread-ignore-subject nil
  "Don't take care of subject differences, but only references if non-nil.
If it is non-nil, some commands work with subjects do not work properly.")

(defvar gnus-thread-indent-level 4
  "Indentation of thread subtrees.")

;; jwz: nuke newsgroups whose name is all digits - that means that
;; some loser has let articles get into the root of the news spool,
;; which is toxic. Lines beginning with whitespace also tend to be
;; toxic.
(defvar gnus-ignored-newsgroups
  (purecopy (mapconcat 'identity
                       '("^to\\."               ; not "real" groups
                         "^[0-9. \t]+ "         ; all digits in name
                         "[][\"#'();\\]"        ; bogus characters
                         )
                       "\\|"))
  "A regexp to match uninteresting newsgroups in the active file.
Any lines in the active file matching this regular expression are
removed from the newsgroup list before anything else is done to it,
thus making them effectively non-existant.")

(defvar gnus-ignored-headers
  "^Path:\\|^Posting-Version:\\|^Article-I.D.:\\|^Expires:\\|^Date-Received:\\|^References:\\|^Control:\\|^Xref:\\|^Lines:\\|^Posted:\\|^Relay-Version:\\|^Message-ID:\\|^Nf-ID:\\|^Nf-From:\\|^Approved:\\|^Sender:\\|^Received:\\|^Mail-from:"
  "All header lines that match this regexp will be hidden.
Also see `gnus-visible-headers'.")

(defvar gnus-visible-headers "^From:\\|^Newsgroups:\\|^Subject:\\|^Date:\\|^Followup-To:\\|^Reply-To:\\|^Organization:\\|^Summary:\\|^Keywords:"
  "All header lines that do not match this regexp will be hidden.
Also see `gnus-ignored-headers'.")

(defvar gnus-sorted-header-list
  '("^From:" "^Subject:" "^Summary:" "^Keywords:" "^Newsgroups:" 
    "^Date:" "^Organization:")
  "This variable is a list of regular expressions.
If it is non-nil, header lines that match the regular expressions will
be placed first in the Article buffer in the sequence specified by
this list.")

(defvar gnus-required-headers
  '(From Date Newsgroups Subject Message-ID Organization Lines X-Newsreader)
  ;; changed by jwz because it's not so nice to do "Lines: 0" by default.
  ;; and to remove Path, since it's incorrect for Gnus to try
  ;; and generate that - it is the responsibility of inews or nntpd.
  "All required fields for articles you post.
RFC977 and RFC1036 require From, Date, Newsgroups, Subject, Message-ID
and Path fields.  Organization, Lines and X-Newsreader are optional.
If you want Gnus not to insert some field, remove it from this
variable.")

(defvar gnus-show-all-headers nil
  "*Show all headers of an article if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-save-all-headers t
  "*Save all headers of an article if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-inhibit-startup-message nil
  "The startup message will not be displayed if this function is non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup t
  "Extend visible articles to forward and backward if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-auto-select-first t
  "Select the first unread article automagically if non-nil.
If you want to prevent automatic selection of the first unread article
in some newsgroups, set the variable to nil in `gnus-select-group-hook'
or `gnus-apply-kill-hook'.")

(defvar gnus-auto-select-next t
  "Select the next newsgroup automagically if non-nil.
If the value is t and the next newsgroup is empty, Gnus will exit
Summary mode and go back to Group mode.  If the value is neither nil
nor t, Gnus will select the following unread newsgroup.  Especially, if
the value is the symbol `quietly', the next unread newsgroup will be
selected without any confirmations.")

(defvar gnus-auto-select-same nil
  "Select the next article with the same subject automagically if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-auto-center-summary t
  "*Always center the current summary in Gnus Summary window if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-auto-mail-to-author nil
  "Insert `To: author' of the article when following up if non-nil.
Mail is sent using the function specified by the variable
`gnus-mail-send-method'.")

(defvar gnus-break-pages t
  "*Break an article into pages if non-nil.
Page delimiter is specified by the variable `gnus-page-delimiter'.")

(defvar gnus-page-delimiter "^\^L"
  "Regexp describing line-beginnings that separate pages of news article.")

(defvar gnus-digest-show-summary t
  "Show a summary of undigestified messages if non-nil.")

(defvar gnus-digest-separator "^Subject:[ \t]"
  "Regexp that separates messages in a digest article.")

(defvar gnus-use-full-window t
  "*Non-nil means to take up the entire screen of Emacs.")

(defvar gnus-window-configuration
  '((summary (0 1 0))
    (newsgroups (1 0 0))
    (article (0 3 10)))
  "Specify window configurations for each action.
The format of the variable is either a list of (ACTION (G S A)), where
G, S, and A are the relative height of Group, Summary, and Article
windows, respectively, or a list of (ACTION FUNCTION), where FUNCTION
is a function that will be called with ACTION as an argument. ACTION
can be `summary', `newsgroups', or `article'.")

(defvar gnus-show-mime-method (function metamail-buffer)
  "Function to process a MIME message.
The function is expected to process current buffer as a MIME message.")

(defvar gnus-mail-reply-method
  (function gnus-mail-reply-using-mail)
  "Function to compose reply mail.
The function `gnus-mail-reply-using-mail' uses usual sendmail mail
program.  The function `gnus-mail-reply-using-mhe' uses the MH-E mail
program.  You can use yet another program by customizing this variable.")

(defvar gnus-mail-forward-method
  (function gnus-mail-forward-using-mail)
  "Function to forward current message to another user.
The function `gnus-mail-reply-using-mail' uses usual sendmail mail
program.  You can use yet another program by customizing this variable.")

(defvar gnus-mail-other-window-method
  (function gnus-mail-other-window-using-mail)
  "Function to compose mail in other window.
The function `gnus-mail-other-window-using-mail' uses the usual sendmail
mail program.  The function `gnus-mail-other-window-using-mhe' uses the MH-E
mail program.  You can use yet another program by customizing this variable.")

(defvar gnus-mail-send-method send-mail-function
  "Function to mail a message too which is being posted as an article.
The message must have To: or Cc: field.  The default is copied from
the variable `send-mail-function'.")

(defvar gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method
  (function gnus-subscribe-zombies)
  "Function called with a newsgroup name when new newsgroup is found.
The function `gnus-subscribe-randomly' inserts a new newsgroup a the
beginning of newsgroups.  The function `gnus-subscribe-alphabetically'
inserts it in strict alphabetic order.  The function
`gnus-subscribe-hierarchically' inserts it in hierarchical newsgroup
order.  The function `gnus-subscribe-interactively' asks for your decision.")

;; Suggested by a bug report by Hallvard B Furuseth
;; <h.b.furuseth@usit.uio.no>. 
(defvar gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method
  (function gnus-subscribe-alphabetically)
  "This function is called to subscribe newsgroups mentioned on \"options -n\" lines.
If, for instance, you want to subscribe to all newsgroups in the
\"no\" and \"alt\" hierarchies, you'd put the following in your
.newsrc file:

options -n no.all alt.all

Gnus will the subscribe all new newsgroups in these hierarchies with
the subscription method in this variable.")

;; Mark variables suggested by Thomas Michanek
;; <Thomas.Michanek@telelogic.se>. 
(defvar gnus-unread-mark " "
  "Mark used for unread articles.")

(defvar gnus-read-mark "D"
  "Mark used for read articles.")

(defvar gnus-ticked-mark "-"
  "Mark used for ticked articles.")

(defvar gnus-dormant-mark "+"
  "Mark used for dormant articles.")

(defvar gnus-killed-mark "K"
  "Mark used for killed articles.")

(defvar gnus-kill-file-mark "X"
  "Mark used for articles killed by kill files.")

(defvar gnus-catchup-mark "C"
  "Mark used for articles that are caught up.")

(defvar gnus-group-mode-hook nil
  "A hook for Gnus Group Mode.")

(defvar gnus-summary-mode-hook nil
  "A hook for Gnus Summary Mode.")

(defvar gnus-article-mode-hook nil
  "A hook for Gnus Article Mode.")

(defvar gnus-kill-file-mode-hook nil
  "A hook for Gnus KILL File Mode.")

(defvar gnus-open-server-hook nil
  "A hook called just before opening connection to news server.")

(defvar gnus-startup-hook nil
  "A hook called at startup time.
This hook is called after Gnus is connected to the NNTP server. So, it
is possible to change the behavior of Gnus according to the selected
NNTP server.")

(defvar gnus-group-prepare-hook nil
  "A hook called after the newsgroup list is created in the Newsgroup buffer.
If you want to modify the Newsgroup buffer, you can use this hook.")

(defvar gnus-summary-prepare-hook nil
  "A hook called after summary list is created in the Summary buffer.
If you want to modify the Summary buffer, you can use this hook.")

(defvar gnus-article-prepare-hook nil
  "A hook called after an article is prepared in the Article buffer.
If you want to run a special decoding program like nkf, use this hook.")

(defvar gnus-article-display-hook nil
  "A hook called after the article is displayed in the Article buffer.
The hook is designed to change the contents of the Article
buffer. Typical functions that this hook may contain are
`gnus-article-hide-headers' (hide selected headers),
`gnus-article-hide-signature' (hide signature) and
`gnus-article-treat-overstrike' (turn \"^H_\" into bold characters).")
(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted)

(defvar gnus-select-group-hook nil
  "A hook called when a newsgroup is selected.
If you want to sort Summary buffer by date and then by subject, you
can use the following hook:

 (setq gnus-select-group-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          ;; First of all, sort by date.
          (gnus-keysort-headers
           (function string-lessp)
            (lambda (a)
              (gnus-sortable-date (header-date a))))
          ;; Then sort by subject string ignoring `Re:'.
          ;; If case-fold-search is non-nil, case of letters is ignored.
          (gnus-keysort-headers
           (function string-lessp)
            (lambda (a)
              (if case-fold-search
                  (downcase (gnus-simplify-subject (header-subject a) t))
                (gnus-simplify-subject (header-subject a) t)))))))

If you'd like to simplify subjects like the
`gnus-summary-next-same-subject' command does, you can use the
following hook:

 (setq gnus-select-group-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          (mapcar (lambda (header)
                     (header-set-subject
                      header
                      (gnus-simplify-subject
                       (header-subject header) 're-only)))
                  gnus-newsgroup-headers))))
")

(defvar gnus-select-article-hook
  '(gnus-summary-show-thread)
  "A hook called when an article is selected.
The default hook shows conversation thread subtrees of the selected
article automatically using `gnus-summary-show-thread'.

If you'd like to run RMAIL on a digest article automagically, you can
use the following hook:

\(setq gnus-select-article-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          (gnus-summary-show-thread)
          (cond ((string-equal \"comp.sys.sun\" gnus-newsgroup-name)
                 (gnus-summary-rmail-digest))
                ((and (string-equal \"comp.text\" gnus-newsgroup-name)
                      (string-match \"^TeXhax Digest\"
                                    (header-subject gnus-current-headers)))
                 (gnus-summary-rmail-digest)
                 )))))")

(defvar gnus-select-digest-hook
  (list
    (lambda ()
      ;; Reply-To: is required by `undigestify-rmail-message'.
      (or (mail-position-on-field "Reply-to" t)
          (progn
            (mail-position-on-field "Reply-to")
            (insert (gnus-fetch-field "From"))))))
  "A hook called when reading digest messages using Rmail.
This hook can be used to modify incomplete digest articles as follows
\(this is the default):

\(setq gnus-select-digest-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          ;; Reply-To: is required by `undigestify-rmail-message'.
          (or (mail-position-on-field \"Reply-to\" t)
              (progn
                (mail-position-on-field \"Reply-to\")
                (insert (gnus-fetch-field \"From\")))))))")

(defvar gnus-rmail-digest-hook nil
  "A hook called when reading digest messages using Rmail.
This hook is intended to customize Rmail mode for reading digest articles.")

(defvar gnus-apply-kill-hook '(gnus-apply-kill-file)
  "A hook called when a newsgroup is selected and summary list is prepared.
This hook is intended to apply a KILL file to the selected newsgroup.
The function `gnus-apply-kill-file' is called by default.

Since a general KILL file is too heavy to use only for a few
newsgroups, I recommend you to use a lighter hook function. For
example, if you'd like to apply a KILL file to articles which contains
a string `rmgroup' in subject in newsgroup `control', you can use the
following hook:

\(setq gnus-apply-kill-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          (cond ((string-match \"control\" gnus-newsgroup-name)
                 (gnus-kill \"Subject\" \"rmgroup\")
                 (gnus-expunge \"X\"))))))")

(defvar gnus-visual-mark-article-hook 'gnus-visual-highlight-selected-summary
  "Hook run after selecting an article in the Summary buffer.
It is meant to be used for highlighting the article in some way. It is
not run if `gnus-visual' is nil.")

(defvar gnus-prepare-article-hook (list (function gnus-inews-insert-signature))
  "A hook called after preparing body, but before preparing header fields.
The default hook (`gnus-inews-insert-signature') inserts a signature
file specified by the variable `gnus-signature-file'.")

(defvar gnus-inews-article-hook (list (function gnus-inews-do-fcc))
  "A hook called before finally posting an article.
The default hook (`gnus-inews-do-fcc') does FCC processing (save article
to a file).")

(defvar gnus-exit-group-hook nil
  "A hook called when exiting (not quitting) Summary mode.
If your machine is so slow that exiting from Summary mode takes very
long time, set the variable `gnus-use-cross-reference' to nil. This
inhibits marking articles as read using cross-reference information.")

(defvar gnus-suspend-gnus-hook nil
  "A hook called when suspending (not exiting) Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-exit-gnus-hook (list 'nntp-request-close)
  "A hook called when exiting Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-save-newsrc-hook nil
  "A hook called when saving the newsrc file.
This hook is called before saving the `.newsrc' file.")

(defvar gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups nil
  "All newsgroups that match this regexp will have all read articles automatically marked as expirable.")

(defvar gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive nil
  "If non-nil, Gnus will offer to subscribe hierarchically.
When a new hierarchy appears, Gnus will ask the user:

'alt.binaries': Do you want to subscribe to this hierarchy? ([d]ys):

If the user pressed `d', Gnus will descend the hierarchy, `y' will
subscribe to all newsgroups in the hierarchy and `s' will skip this
hierarchy in its entirety.")

(defvar gnus-group-line-format "%M%S%5y: %G %z\n"
  "Format of Newsgroups lines.
It works along the same lines as a normal formatting string,
with some simple extrensions.

%M    Only marked articles (character, \"*\" or \" \")
%S    Whether the group is subscribed (character, \"U\", \"K\", \"Z\" or \" \")
%L    Level of subscribedness (integer, 1-9)
%N    Number of unread articles (integer)
%I    Number of dormant articles (integer)
%i    Number of ticked and dormant (integer)
%T    Number of ticked articles (integer)
%R    Number of read articles (integer)
%t    Total number of articles (integer)
%y    Number of unread, unticked articles (integer)
%G    Group name (string)
%D    Newsgroup description (string)
%s    Select method (string)
%o    Moderated group (char, \"m\")
%O    Moderated group (string, \"(m)\" or \"\")
%n    Select from where (string)
%z    A string that look like `<%s:%n>' if a foreign select method is used

Note that this format specification is not always respected. For
reasons of efficiency, when listing killed groups, this specification
is ignored altogether. If the spec is changed considerably, your
output may end up looking strange when listing both alive and killed
groups.

If you use %o or %O, reading the active file will be slower and quite
a bit of extra memory will be used. %D will also worsen performance.
Also note that if you change the format specification to include any
of these specs, you must probably re-start Gnus to see them go into
effect.") 

(defvar gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%X%i %I%[%4L: %-20,20n%] %s\n"
  "The format specification of the lines in the Summary buffer.
The first specification must always be \"%U%R%X\", at least in this
version of Gnus.

It works along the same lines as a normal formatting string,
with some simple extensions.

%N   Article number, left padded with spaces (integer)
%S   Subject (string)
%s   Subject if it is at the root of a thread, and \"\" otherwise (string)
%n   Name of the poster (string)
%A   Address of the poster (string)
%L   Number of lines in the article (integer)
%D   Date of the article (string)
%I   Indentation based on thread level (a string of spaces)
%T   A string with two possible values: 80 spaces if the article
     is on thread level two or larger and 0 spaces on level one
%C   This is the current article (character, \"+\" or \" \")
%U   Status of this article (character, \"D\", \"K\", \"-\" or \" \") 
%[   Opening bracket (character, \"[\" or \"=\")
%]   Closing bracket (character, \"]\" or \"=\")
%>   Spaces of length thread-level (string)
%<   Spaces of length (- 20 thread-level) (string)
%i   Article interest (integer, 0-9)
")

(defconst gnus-summary-dummy-line-format "*   :                          : %S\n"
  "The format specification for the dummy roots in the Summary buffer.
It works along the same lines as a normal formatting string,
with some simple extensions.

%S  The subject")

(defvar gnus-summary-mode-line-format "(ding) %G/%A %Z"
  "The format specification for the Summary mode line.")

(defvar gnus-article-mode-line-format "(ding) %G/%A %S"
  "The format specification for the Article mode line.")

(defconst gnus-group-mode-line-format "(ding) List of Newsgroups   {%M:%S}"
  "The format specification for the Newsgroup mode line.")


\f
;; Site dependent variables. You have to define these variables in
;;  site-init.el, default.el or your .emacs.

(defvar gnus-local-timezone nil
  "Local time zone.
This value is used only if `current-time-zone' does not work in your Emacs.
It specifies the GMT offset, i.e. a decimal integer
of the form +-HHMM giving the hours and minutes ahead of (i.e. east of) GMT.
For example, +0900 should be used in Japan, since it is 9 hours ahead of GMT.

For backwards compatibility, it may also be a string like \"JST\",
but strings are obsolescent: you should use numeric offsets instead.")

(defvar gnus-local-domain nil
  "Local domain name without a host name like: \"stars.flab.Fujitsu.CO.JP\"
The `DOMAINNAME' environment variable is used instead if defined.  If
the function (system-name) returns the full internet name, there is no
need to define the name.")

(defvar gnus-local-organization nil
  "Local organization like: \"Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan.\"
The `ORGANIZATION' environment variable is used instead if defined.")

(defvar gnus-use-generic-from nil
  "If nil, prepend local host name to the defined domain in the From:
field; if stringp, use this; if non-nil, strip of the local host name.")

(defvar gnus-use-generic-path nil
  "If nil, use the NNTP server name in the Path: field; if stringp,
use this; if non-nil, use no host name (user name only)")

(defvar gnus-valid-select-methods
  '(("nntp" post) ("nnspool" post) ("nnvirtual" none) 
    ("nnmail" mail respool) ("nnml" mail respool)
    ("nnmh" mail respool))
  "A list of valid select methods.
Each element in this list should be a list. The first element of these
lists should be a string with the name of the select method. The
other elements may be be the category of this method (ie. `post',
`mail', `none' or whatever) or other properties that this method has
(like being respoolable). 
If you implement a new select method, all you should have to change is
this variable. I think.")

(defvar gnus-updated-mode-lines '(group article summary)
  "This variable is a list of buffers that should keep their mode lines updated.
The list may contain the symbols `group', `article' and `summary'. If
the corresponding symbol is present, Gnus will keep that mode line
updated with information that may be pertinent. 
If this variable is nil, screen refresh may be quicker.")

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defvar gnus-mouse-face 'highlight
  "Face used for mouse highlighting in Gnus.
No mouse highlights will be done if `gnus-visual' is nil.")

(defvar gnus-visual-summary-update-hook 
  (list 'gnus-visual-summary-highlight-line)
  "A hook called when a summary line is changed.
The cursor will be positioned at the summary line.

The default hook `gnus-visual-summary-highlight-line' will highlight the line
according to the `gnus-visual-summary-highlight' variable.")

\f
;; Internal variables

;; Avoid highlighting in kill files.
(defvar gnus-summary-inhibit-highlight nil)

(defvar caesar-translate-table nil)

(defvar gnus-dribble-buffer nil)

(defvar gnus-article-reply nil)
(defvar gnus-article-check-size nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-dependencies nil)

(defconst gnus-group-edit-buffer "*Gnus edit newsgroup*")

(defvar gnus-default-subscribe-level 2
  "Default subscription level.")

(defvar gnus-default-unsubscribe-level 6
  "Default unsubscription level.")

(defvar gnus-default-kill-level 9
  "Default kill level.")

(defconst gnus-group-line-format-alist
  (list (list ?M 'marked ?c)
        (list ?S 'subscribed ?c)
        (list ?L 'level ?d)
        (list ?N 'number ?s)
        (list ?I 'number-of-dormant ?d)
        (list ?T 'number-of-ticked ?d)
        (list ?R 'number-of-read ?s)
        (list ?t 'number-total ?d)
        (list ?y 'number-of-unread-unticked ?s)
        (list ?i 'number-of-ticked-and-dormant ?d)
        (list ?G 'group ?s)
        (list ?D 'newsgroup-description ?s)
        (list ?o 'moderated ?c)
        (list ?O 'moderated-string ?s)
        (list ?s 'news-server ?s)
        (list ?n 'news-method ?s)
        (list ?z 'news-method-string ?s)))

(defconst gnus-summary-line-format-alist 
  (list (list ?N 'number ?d)
        (list ?S 'subject ?s)
        (list ?s 'subject-or-nil ?s)
        (list ?n 'name ?s)
        (list ?A 'address ?s)
        (list ?F 'from ?s)
        (list ?x (macroexpand '(header-xref header)) ?s)
        (list ?D (macroexpand '(header-date header)) ?s)
        (list ?M (macroexpand '(header-id header)) ?s)
        (list ?r (macroexpand '(header-references header)) ?s)
        (list ?L 'lines ?d)
        (list ?I 'indentation ?s)
        (list ?T '(thread-space (if (< level 1) "" (make-string (frame-width) ? ))) 
              ?s)
        (list ?C '(if current ?+ ? ) ?c)
        (list ?R 'replied ?c)
        (list ?X 'expirable ?c)
        (list ?\[ 'opening-bracket ?c)
        (list ?\] 'closing-bracket ?c)
        (list ?\> '(make-string level ? ) ?s)
        (list ?\< '(make-string (max 0 (- 20 level)) ? ) ?s)
        (list ?i 'interest ?s)
        (list ?U 'unread ?c))
  "An alist of format specifications that can appear in summary lines,
and what variables they correspond with, along with the type of the
variable (string, integer, character, etc).")

(defconst gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-alist
  (list (list ?S 'subject ?s)
        (list ?N 'number ?d)))

(defconst gnus-summary-mode-line-format-alist 
  (list (list ?G 'group-name ?s)
        (list ?A 'article-number ?d)
        (list ?Z 'unread-and-unselected ?s)
        (list ?V 'gnus-version ?s)
        (list ?U 'unread ?d)
        (list ?S 'subject ?s)
        (list ?u 'unselected ?d)))

(defconst gnus-group-mode-line-format-alist 
  (list (list ?S 'news-server ?s)
        (list ?M 'news-method ?s)))

(defvar gnus-have-read-active-file nil)

(defconst gnus-foreign-group-prefix "foreign.")

(defconst gnus-maintainer "Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@ifi.uio.no>"
  "The mail address of the Gnus maintainer.")

(defconst gnus-version "(ding) Gnus v0.10"
  "Version numbers of this version of Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-info-nodes
  '((gnus-group-mode            "(gnus)Newsgroup Commands")
    (gnus-summary-mode          "(gnus)Summary Commands")
    (gnus-article-mode          "(gnus)Article Commands")
    (gnus-kill-file-mode        "(gnus)Kill File"))
  "Assoc list of major modes and related Info nodes.")

(defvar gnus-group-buffer "*Newsgroup*")
(defvar gnus-summary-buffer "*Summary*")
(defvar gnus-article-buffer "*Article*")
(defvar gnus-digest-buffer "Gnus Digest")
(defvar gnus-digest-summary-buffer "Gnus Digest-summary")

(defvar gnus-buffer-list nil
  "Gnus buffers that should be killed when exiting.")

(defvar gnus-variable-list
  '(gnus-newsrc-options
    gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes gnus-newsrc-options-n-no
    gnus-newsrc-assoc gnus-killed-list gnus-zombie-list)
  "Gnus variables saved in the quick startup file.")

(defvar gnus-overload-functions
  '((news-inews gnus-inews-news "rnewspost")
    (caesar-region gnus-caesar-region "rnews"))
  "Functions overloaded by gnus.
It is a list of `(original overload &optional file)'.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-options nil
  "Options line in the .newsrc file.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes nil
  "Regexp representing subscribed newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-options-n-no nil
  "Regexp representing unsubscribed newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-assoc nil
  "Assoc list of read articles.
gnus-newsrc-hashtb should be kept so that both hold the same information.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-hashtb nil
  "Hashtable of gnus-newsrc-assoc.")

(defvar gnus-killed-list nil
  "List of killed newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-killed-hashtb nil
  "Hash table equivalent of gnus-killed-list.")

(defvar gnus-zombie-list nil
  "List of almost dead newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-description-hashtb nil
  "Descriptions of newsgroups (from the file 'newsgroups').")

(defvar gnus-list-of-killed-groups nil
  "List of newsgroups that have recently been killed by the user.")

(defvar gnus-xref-hashtb nil
  "Hash table of cross-posted articles.")

(defvar gnus-active-hashtb nil
  "Hashtable of active articles.")

(defvar gnus-moderated-list nil
  "List of moderated newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-current-startup-file nil
  "Startup file for the current host.")

(defvar gnus-last-search-regexp nil
  "Default regexp for article search command.")

(defvar gnus-last-shell-command nil
  "Default shell command on article.")

(defvar gnus-current-select-method nil
  "The current method for selecting a newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-have-all-newsgroups nil)

(defvar gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-name nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-begin nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-end nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-mail nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-folder nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-file nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire nil
  "If non-nil, all read articles will be marked as expirable.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-selected-overlay nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-unreads nil
  "List of unread articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-unselected nil
  "List of unselected unread articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-marked nil
  "List of ticked articles in the current newsgroup (a subset of unread art).")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-killed nil
  "List of ranges of articles that have been through the kill process.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-replied nil
  "List of articles that have been replied to in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-expirable nil
  "List of articles in the current newsgroup that can be expired.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-processable nil
  "List of articles in the current newsgroup that can be processed.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks nil
  "List of articles in the current newsgroup that have bookmarks.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-dormant nil
  "List of dormant articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-headers nil
  "List of article headers in the current newsgroup.")
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number nil)

(defvar gnus-current-article nil)
(defvar gnus-article-current nil)
(defvar gnus-current-headers nil)
(defvar gnus-have-all-headers nil "Must be either T or NIL.")
(defvar gnus-last-article nil)
(defvar gnus-current-kill-article nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-dormant-subjects nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines nil)

;; Save window configuration.
(defvar gnus-winconf-kill-file nil)

(defconst gnus-group-mode-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-mode-map nil)
(defvar gnus-article-mode-map nil)
(defvar gnus-kill-file-mode-map nil)

;; Format specs
(defvar gnus-summary-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-group-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-mode-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-article-mode-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec nil)

(defvar gnus-reffed-article-number nil)

(defvar rmail-default-file (expand-file-name "~/XMBOX"))
(defvar rmail-default-rmail-file (expand-file-name "~/XNEWS"))

(defconst gnus-summary-local-variables 
  '(gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-begin gnus-newsgroup-end 
    gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail gnus-newsgroup-last-mail 
    gnus-newsgroup-last-folder gnus-newsgroup-last-file 
    gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire gnus-newsgroup-unreads 
    gnus-newsgroup-unselected gnus-newsgroup-marked
    gnus-newsgroup-replied gnus-newsgroup-expirable
    gnus-newsgroup-processable gnus-newsgroup-killed
    gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks gnus-newsgroup-dormant
    gnus-newsgroup-dormant-subjects gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines
    gnus-newsgroup-headers gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
    gnus-current-article gnus-current-headers gnus-have-all-headers
    gnus-last-article gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook
    gnus-newsgroup-selected-overlay)
  "Variables that are buffer-local to the Summary buffers.")

(defvar gnus-mark-article-hook
  (list
   (lambda ()
     (or (memq gnus-current-article gnus-newsgroup-marked)
         (memq gnus-current-article gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
         (gnus-summary-mark-as-read gnus-current-article))))
  "A hook called when an article is selected at the first time.
The hook is intended to mark an article as read (or unread)
automatically when it is selected.

If you'd like to tick articles instead, use the following hook:

\(setq gnus-mark-article-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          (gnus-summary-tick-article gnus-current-article))))")

;; Define some autoload functions Gnus may use.
(eval-and-compile
  (autoload 'metamail-buffer "metamail")
  (autoload 'Info-goto-node "info")
  
  (autoload 'timezone-make-date-arpa-standard "timezone")
  (autoload 'timezone-fix-time "timezone")
  (autoload 'timezone-make-sortable-date "timezone")
  (autoload 'timezone-make-time-string "timezone")
  
  (autoload 'rmail-output "rmailout"
    "Append this message to Unix mail file named FILE-NAME." t)
  (autoload 'mail-position-on-field "sendmail")
  (autoload 'mail-setup "sendmail")

  (autoload 'gnus-mail-reply-using-mhe "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-mail-forward-using-mhe "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-mail-other-window-using-mhe "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-summary-save-in-folder "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-Folder-save-name "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-folder-save-name "gnus-mh")
  
  (autoload 'gnus-group-make-menu-bar "gnus-visual")
  (autoload 'gnus-summary-make-menu-bar "gnus-visual")
  (autoload 'gnus-visual-highlight-selected-summary "gnus-visual")
  (autoload 'gnus-visual-summary-highlight-line "gnus-visual")
  )

(put 'gnus-group-mode 'mode-class 'special)
(put 'gnus-summary-mode 'mode-class 'special)
(put 'gnus-article-mode 'mode-class 'special)

(autoload 'gnus-uu-ctl-map "gnus-uu" nil nil 'keymap)
\f

;; Fix by Hallvard B Furuseth <h.b.furuseth@usit.uio.no>.
(defun gnus-summary-position-cursor () nil)
(defun gnus-group-position-cursor () nil)
(fset 'gnus-summary-position-cursor 'gnus-goto-colon)
(fset 'gnus-group-position-cursor 'gnus-goto-colon)

(defmacro gnus-eval-in-buffer-window (buffer &rest forms)
  "Pop to BUFFER, evaluate FORMS, and then returns to original window."
  (` (let ((GnusStartBufferWindow (selected-window)))
       (unwind-protect
           (progn
             (pop-to-buffer (, buffer))
             (,@ forms))
         (select-window GnusStartBufferWindow)))))

(defun gnus-make-hashtable (&optional hashsize)
  "Make a hash table (default and minimum size is 255).
Optional argument HASHSIZE specifies the table size."
  (make-vector (if hashsize 
                   (max (gnus-create-hash-size hashsize) 255)
                 255) 0))

(defmacro gnus-gethash (string hashtable)
  "Get hash value of STRING in HASHTABLE."
  ;;(` (symbol-value (abbrev-symbol (, string) (, hashtable))))
  ;;(` (abbrev-expansion (, string) (, hashtable)))
  (` (symbol-value (intern-soft (, string) (, hashtable)))))

(defmacro gnus-sethash (string value hashtable)
  "Set hash value. Arguments are STRING, VALUE, and HASHTABLE."
  ;; We cannot use define-abbrev since it only accepts string as value.
;  (set (intern string hashtable) value))
  (` (set (intern (, string) (, hashtable)) (, value))))

(defsubst gnus-buffer-substring (beg end)
  (buffer-substring (match-beginning beg) (match-end end)))

(defsubst gnus-simplify-subject-re (subject)
  "Remove \"Re:\" from subject lines."
  (let ((case-fold-search t))
    (if (string-match "^re: *" subject)
        (substring subject (match-end 0))
      subject)))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Utility Functions
;;;

(defun gnus-extract-address-components (from)
  (let (name address)
    (if (string-match "([^)]+)" from)
        (setq name (substring from (1+ (match-beginning 0)) 
                              (1- (match-end 0)))))
    (if (string-match "\\b[^@ \t<>]+@[^@ \t<>]+\\b" from)
        (setq address (substring from (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))))
    (if (and (not name) address)
        (if (string-match (concat "<" address ">") from)
            (setq name (substring from 0 (1- (match-beginning 0))))))
    (list (or name from) (or address from))))

(defun gnus-fetch-field (field)
  "Return the value of the header FIELD of current article."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (gnus-narrow-to-headers)
      (mail-fetch-field field))))

(defun gnus-goto-colon ()
  (beginning-of-line)
  (search-forward ":" (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point)) t))

(defun gnus-narrow-to-headers ()
  (widen)
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char 1)
    (if (search-forward "\n\n")
        (narrow-to-region 1 (1- (point))))))

;; Get a number that is suitable for hashing; bigger than MIN
(defun gnus-create-hash-size (min)
  (let ((i 1))
    (while (< i min)
      (setq i (* 2 i)))
    (1- i)))

(defun gnus-update-format-specifications ()
  (setq gnus-summary-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-summary-line-format 
                           gnus-summary-line-format-alist))
  (setq gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-summary-dummy-line-format 
                           gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-alist))
  (if (and (memq 'newsgroup-description
                 (cdr (cdr (setq gnus-group-line-format-spec 
                                 (gnus-parse-format 
                                  gnus-group-line-format 
                                  gnus-group-line-format-alist)))))
           (not gnus-description-hashtb))
      (gnus-read-descriptions-file))
  (setq gnus-summary-mode-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-summary-mode-line-format 
                           gnus-summary-mode-line-format-alist))
  (setq gnus-article-mode-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-article-mode-line-format 
                           gnus-summary-mode-line-format-alist))
  (setq gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-group-mode-line-format 
                           gnus-group-mode-line-format-alist)))

(defun gnus-format-max-width (var length)
  (let (result)
    (if (> (length (setq result (eval var))) length)
        (format "%s" (substring result 0 length))
      (format "%s" result))))

(defun gnus-parse-format (format spec-alist)
;; This function parses the FORMAT string with the help of the
;; SPEC-ALIST and returns a list that can be eval'ed to return the
;; string. The list will consist of the symbol `format', a format
;; specification string, and a list of forms depending on the
;; SPEC-ALIST.
  (let ((max-width 0)
        spec flist fstring b newspec max-width elem beg)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*gnus work*"))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert format)
      (goto-char 1)
      (while (re-search-forward "%[-0-9]*\\(,[0-9]*\\)*\\(.\\)" nil t)
        (setq spec (string-to-char (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2)
                                                     (match-end 2))))
        ;; First check if there are any specs that look anything like
        ;; "%12,12A", ie. with a "max width specification". These have
        ;; to be treated specially.
        (if (setq beg (match-beginning 1))
            (setq max-width 
                  (string-to-int 
                   (buffer-substring (1+ (match-beginning 1)) (match-end 1))))
          (setq max-width 0)
          (setq beg (match-beginning 2)))
        ;; Find the specification from `spec-alist'.
        (if (not (setq elem (cdr (assq spec spec-alist))))
            (setq elem '("*" ?s)))
        (if (not (= max-width 0))
            (progn
              (setq flist (cons (list 'gnus-format-max-width 
                                      (car elem) max-width) flist))
              (setq newspec ?s))
          (setq flist (cons (car elem) flist))
          (setq newspec (car (cdr elem))))
        ;; Remove the old specification (and possibly a ",12" string).
        (delete-region beg (match-end 2))
        ;; Insert the new specification.
        (goto-char beg)
        (insert newspec))
      (setq fstring (buffer-substring 1 (point-max)))
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
    (cons 'format (cons fstring (nreverse flist)))))

;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <edmonds@cs.ubc.ca>.
(defun gnus-read-init-file ()
  (if (and gnus-init-file
           (file-exists-p gnus-init-file))
      (load gnus-init-file nil t)))

;; Article file names when saving.

(defun gnus-Numeric-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/News.group/num.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/num."
  (let ((default
          (expand-file-name
           (concat (if gnus-use-long-file-name
                       (gnus-capitalize-newsgroup newsgroup)
                     (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup))
                   "/" (int-to-string (header-number headers)))
           (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))
    (if (and last-file
             (string-equal (file-name-directory default)
                           (file-name-directory last-file))
             (string-match "^[0-9]+$" (file-name-nondirectory last-file)))
        default
      (or last-file default))))

(defun gnus-numeric-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/news.group/num.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/num."
  (let ((default
          (expand-file-name
           (concat (if gnus-use-long-file-name
                       newsgroup
                     (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup))
                   "/" (int-to-string (header-number headers)))
           (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))
    (if (and last-file
             (string-equal (file-name-directory default)
                           (file-name-directory last-file))
             (string-match "^[0-9]+$" (file-name-nondirectory last-file)))
        default
      (or last-file default))))

(defun gnus-Plain-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/News.group.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/news."
  (or last-file
      (expand-file-name
       (if gnus-use-long-file-name
           (gnus-capitalize-newsgroup newsgroup)
         (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup) "/news"))
       (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))

(defun gnus-plain-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/news.group.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/news."
  (or last-file
      (expand-file-name
       (if gnus-use-long-file-name
           newsgroup
         (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup) "/news"))
       (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))

;; For subscribing new newsgroup

(defun gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive (groups)
  (let ((groups (sort groups 'string<))
        prefixes prefix start rest ans group starts)
    (while groups
      (setq prefixes (list "^"))
      (while (and groups prefixes)
        (while (not (string-match (car prefixes) (car groups)))
          (setq prefixes (cdr prefixes)))
        (setq prefix (car prefixes))
        (setq start (1- (length prefix)))
        (if (and (string-match "[^\\.]\\." (car groups) start)
                 (cdr groups)
                 (setq prefix 
                       (concat "^" (substring (car groups) 0 (match-end 0))))
                 (string-match prefix (car (cdr groups))))
            (progn
              (setq prefixes (cons prefix prefixes))
              (message "Descend hierarchy %s'? ([y]nsq): " 
                       (substring prefix 1 (1- (length prefix))))
              (setq ans (read-char))
              (cond ((= ans ?n)
                     (while (and groups 
                                 (string-match prefix 
                                               (setq group (car groups))))
                       (setq gnus-killed-list 
                             (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                       (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                       (setq groups (cdr groups)))
                     (setq starts (cdr starts)))
                    ((= ans ?s)
                     (while (and groups 
                                 (string-match prefix 
                                               (setq group (car groups))))
                       (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                       (funcall gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method 
                                (car groups))
                       (setq groups (cdr groups)))
                     (setq starts (cdr starts)))
                    ((= ans ?q)
                     (while groups
                       (setq group (car groups))
                       (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                       (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                       (setq groups (cdr groups))))
                    (t nil)))
          (message "Subscribe '%s'? ([n]yq)" (car groups))
          (setq ans (read-char))
          (cond ((= ans ?y)
                 (funcall gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method (car groups))
                 (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb))
                ((= ans ?q)
                 (while groups
                   (setq group (car groups))
                   (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                   (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                   (setq groups (cdr groups))))
                (t 
                 (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                 (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)))
          (setq groups (cdr groups)))))))

(defun gnus-subscribe-randomly (newsgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP by making it the first newsgroup."
  (gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newsgroup))

(defun gnus-subscribe-alphabetically (newgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP and insert it in alphabetical order."
  ;; Basic ideas by mike-w@cs.aukuni.ac.nz (Mike Williams)
  (let ((groups (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        before)
    (while (and (not before) groups)
      (if (string< newgroup (car (car groups)))
          (setq before (car (car groups)))
        (setq groups (cdr groups))))
    (gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newgroup before)))

(defun gnus-subscribe-hierarchically (newgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP and insert it in hierarchical newsgroup order."
  ;; Basic ideas by mike-w@cs.aukuni.ac.nz (Mike Williams)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer (find-file-noselect gnus-current-startup-file))
    (let ((groupkey newgroup)
          before)
      (while (and (not before) groupkey)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (let ((groupkey-re
               (concat "^\\(" (regexp-quote groupkey) ".*\\)[!:]")))
          (while (and (re-search-forward groupkey-re nil t)
                      (progn
                        (setq before (buffer-substring
                                      (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
                        (string< before newgroup)))))
        ;; Remove tail of newsgroup name (eg. a.b.c -> a.b)
        (setq groupkey
              (if (string-match "^\\(.*\\)\\.[^.]+$" groupkey)
                  (substring groupkey (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
      (gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newgroup before))))

(defun gnus-subscribe-interactively (newsgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP interactively.
It is inserted in hierarchical newsgroup order if subscribed. If not,
it is killed."
  (if (y-or-n-p (format "Subscribe new newsgroup: %s " newsgroup))
      (gnus-subscribe-hierarchically newsgroup)
    (setq gnus-killed-list (cons newsgroup gnus-killed-list))))

(defun gnus-subscribe-zombies (newsgroup)
  "Make new NEWSGROUP a zombie group."
  (setq gnus-zombie-list (cons newsgroup gnus-zombie-list)))

(defun gnus-subscribe-newsgroup (newsgroup &optional next)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP.
If NEXT is non-nil, it is inserted before NEXT. Otherwise it is made
the first newsgroup."
  ;; We subscribe the group by changing its level to 3.
  (gnus-group-change-level 
   newsgroup 3 9 
   (if next (gnus-gethash next gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
     (gnus-gethash (car (nth 1 gnus-newsrc-assoc)) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
  (message "Subscribe newsgroup: %s" newsgroup))

;; For directories

(defun gnus-newsgroup-directory-form (newsgroup)
  "Make hierarchical directory name from NEWSGROUP name."
  (let ((newsgroup (substring newsgroup 0)) ;Copy string.
        (len (length newsgroup))
        (idx 0))
    ;; Replace all occurrences of `.' with `/'.
    (while (< idx len)
      (if (= (aref newsgroup idx) ?.)
          (aset newsgroup idx ?/))
      (setq idx (1+ idx)))
    newsgroup
    ))

(defun gnus-make-directory (directory)
  "Make DIRECTORY recursively."
  (let ((directory (expand-file-name directory default-directory)))
    (or (file-exists-p directory)
        (gnus-make-directory-1 "" directory))
    ))

(defun gnus-make-directory-1 (head tail)
  (cond ((string-match "^/\\([^/]+\\)" tail)
         ;; ange-ftp interferes with calling match-* after
         ;; calling file-name-as-directory.
         (let ((beg (match-beginning 1))
               (end (match-end 1)))
           (setq head (concat (file-name-as-directory head)
                              (substring tail beg end)))
           (or (file-exists-p head)
               (call-process "mkdir" nil nil nil head))
           (gnus-make-directory-1 head (substring tail end))))
        ((string-equal tail "") t)
        ))

(defun gnus-capitalize-newsgroup (newsgroup)
  "Capitalize NEWSGROUP name with treating '.' and '-' as part of words."
  ;; Suggested by "Jonathan I. Kamens" <jik@pit-manager.MIT.EDU>.
  (let ((current-syntax-table (syntax-table)))
    (unwind-protect
        (progn
          (set-syntax-table (copy-syntax-table current-syntax-table))
          (modify-syntax-entry ?- "w")
          (modify-syntax-entry ?. "w")
          (capitalize newsgroup))
      (set-syntax-table current-syntax-table))))

;; Var

(defun gnus-simplify-subject (subject &optional re-only)
  "Remove `Re:' and words in parentheses.
If optional argument RE-ONLY is non-nil, strip `Re:' only."
  (let ((case-fold-search t))           ;Ignore case.
    ;; Remove `Re:' and `Re^N:'.
    (if (string-match "^re:[ \t]*" subject)
        (setq subject (substring subject (match-end 0))))
    ;; Remove words in parentheses from end.
    (or re-only
        (while (string-match "[ \t\n]*([^()]*)[ \t\n]*\\'" subject)
          (setq subject (substring subject 0 (match-beginning 0)))))
    ;; Return subject string.
    subject
    ))

(defun gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list ()
  (setq gnus-buffer-list (cons (current-buffer) gnus-buffer-list)))

;; Functions accessing headers.
;; Functions are more convenient than macros in some case.

(defun gnus-header-number (header)
  "Return article number in HEADER."
  (header-number header))

(defun gnus-header-subject (header)
  "Return subject string in HEADER."
  (header-subject header))

(defun gnus-header-from (header)
  "Return author string in HEADER."
  (header-from header))

(defun gnus-header-xref (header)
  "Return xref string in HEADER."
  (header-xref header))

(defun gnus-header-lines (header)
  "Return lines in HEADER."
  (header-lines header))

(defun gnus-header-date (header)
  "Return date in HEADER."
  (header-date header))

(defun gnus-header-id (header)
  "Return Id in HEADER."
  (header-id header))

(defun gnus-header-references (header)
  "Return references in HEADER."
  (header-references header))

(defun gnus-clear-system ()
  "Clear all variables and buffers."
  ;; Clear Gnus variables.
  (let ((variables gnus-variable-list))
    (while variables
      (set (car variables) nil)
      (setq variables (cdr variables))))
  ;; Clear other internal variables.
  (setq gnus-list-of-killed-groups nil
        gnus-have-read-active-file nil
        gnus-newsrc-assoc nil
        gnus-newsrc-hashtb nil
        gnus-killed-list nil
        gnus-zombie-list nil
        gnus-killed-hashtb nil
        gnus-active-hashtb nil
        gnus-moderated-list nil
        gnus-description-hashtb nil
        gnus-newsgroup-headers nil
        gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number nil
        gnus-current-select-method nil)
  ;; Kill the startup file.
  (and gnus-current-startup-file
       (get-file-buffer gnus-current-startup-file)
       (kill-buffer (get-file-buffer gnus-current-startup-file)))
  (setq gnus-current-startup-file nil)
  (gnus-dribble-clear)
  ;; Kill Gnus buffers.
  (while gnus-buffer-list
    (if (and (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list))
             (buffer-name (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list))))
        (kill-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)))
    (setq gnus-buffer-list (cdr gnus-buffer-list))))

(defun gnus-configure-windows (action &optional force)
  "Configure Gnus windows according to the next ACTION.
The ACTION is either a symbol, such as `summary', or a
configuration list such as `(1 1 2)'.  If ACTION is not a list,
configuration list is got from the variable gnus-window-configuration.
If FORCE is non-nil, the updating will be done whether it is necessary
or not."
  (let* ((windows
          (if (listp action) action 
            (if (listp gnus-window-configuration)
                (car (cdr (assq action gnus-window-configuration)))
              gnus-window-configuration)))
         (grpwin (get-buffer-window gnus-group-buffer))
         (subwin (get-buffer-window gnus-summary-buffer))
         (artwin (get-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer))
         (winsum nil)
         (height nil)
         (grpheight 0)
         (subheight 0)
         (artheight 0))
    (if (and (symbolp windows) (fboundp windows))
        (funcall windows action)
      (if (and (not force)
               (or (null windows)               ;No configuration is specified.
                   (and (eq (null grpwin)
                            (zerop (nth 0 windows)))
                        (eq (null subwin)
                            (zerop (nth 1 windows)))
                        (eq (null artwin)
                            (zerop (nth 2 windows))))))
          ;; No need to change window configuration.
          nil
        (select-window (or grpwin subwin artwin (selected-window)))
        ;; First of all, compute the height of each window.
        (cond (gnus-use-full-window
               ;; Take up the entire screen.
               (delete-other-windows)
               (setq height (window-height (selected-window))))
              (t
               (setq height (+ (if grpwin (window-height grpwin) 0)
                               (if subwin (window-height subwin) 0)
                               (if artwin (window-height artwin) 0)))))
        ;; The Newsgroup buffer exits always. So, use it to extend the
        ;; Group window so as to get enough window space.
        (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer 'norecord)
        (and (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
             (delete-windows-on gnus-summary-buffer))
        (and (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
             (delete-windows-on gnus-article-buffer))
        ;; Compute expected window height.
        (setq winsum (apply (function +) windows))
        (if (not (zerop (nth 0 windows)))
            (setq grpheight (max window-min-height
                                 (/ (* height (nth 0 windows)) winsum))))
        (if (not (zerop (nth 1 windows)))
            (setq subheight (max window-min-height
                                 (/ (* height (nth 1 windows)) winsum))))
        (if (not (zerop (nth 2 windows)))
            (setq artheight (max window-min-height
                                 (/ (* height (nth 2 windows)) winsum))))
        (setq height (+ grpheight subheight artheight))
        (enlarge-window (max 0 (- height (window-height (selected-window)))))
        ;; Then split the window.
        (and (not (zerop artheight))
             (or (not (zerop grpheight))
                 (not (zerop subheight)))
             (split-window-vertically (+ grpheight subheight)))
        (and (not (zerop grpheight))
             (not (zerop subheight))
             (split-window-vertically grpheight))
        ;; Then select buffers in each window.
        (and (not (zerop grpheight))
             (progn
               (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer 'norecord)
               (other-window 1)))
        (and (not (zerop subheight))
             (progn
               (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer 'norecord)
               (other-window 1)))
        (and (not (zerop artheight))
             (progn
               ;; If Article buffer does not exist, it will be created
               ;; and initialized.
               (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
               (switch-to-buffer gnus-article-buffer 'norecord)))))
    ))

(defun gnus-window-configuration-split (action)
  (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer t)
  (delete-other-windows)
  (split-window-horizontally)
  (cond ((or (eq action 'newsgroup) (eq action 'summary))
         (if (and (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                  (buffer-name gnus-summary-buffer))
             (switch-to-buffer-other-window gnus-summary-buffer)))
        ((eq action 'article)
         (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer t)
         (other-window 1)
         (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
         (switch-to-buffer gnus-article-buffer t))))

(defun gnus-version ()
  "Version numbers of this version of Gnus."
  (interactive)
  (let ((methods gnus-valid-select-methods)
        (mess gnus-version)
        meth)
    ;; Go through all the legal select methods and add their version
    ;; numbers to the total version string. Only the backends that are
    ;; currently in use will have their message numbers taken into
    ;; consideration. 
    (while methods
      (setq meth (intern (concat (car (car methods)) "-version")))
      (and (boundp meth)
           (stringp (symbol-value meth))
           (setq mess (concat mess "; " (symbol-value meth))))
      (setq methods (cdr methods)))
    (message mess)))

(defun gnus-info-find-node ()
  "Find Info documentation of Gnus."
  (interactive)
  ;; Enlarge info window if needed.
  (cond ((eq major-mode 'gnus-group-mode)
         (gnus-configure-windows '(1 0 0)) ;Take all windows.
         (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
        ((eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
         (gnus-configure-windows '(0 1 0)) ;Take all windows.
         (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)))
  (Info-goto-node (car (cdr (assq major-mode gnus-info-nodes)))))

(defun gnus-bug ()
  "Send a bug report to the Gnus maintainers."
  (interactive)
  (pop-to-buffer "*Gnus Bug*")
  (erase-buffer)
  (mail-setup gnus-maintainer "[Gnus Bug Report] " nil nil nil nil)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (search-forward mail-header-separator)
  (forward-line 1)
  (insert (format "%s\n%s\n\n" (gnus-version) (emacs-version)))
  (message ""))

(defun gnus-overload-functions (&optional overloads)
  "Overload functions specified by optional argument OVERLOADS.
If nothing is specified, use the variable gnus-overload-functions."
  (let ((defs nil)
        (overloads (or overloads gnus-overload-functions)))
    (while overloads
      (setq defs (car overloads))
      (setq overloads (cdr overloads))
      ;; Load file before overloading function if necessary.  Make
      ;; sure we cannot use `require' always.
      (and (not (fboundp (car defs)))
           (car (cdr (cdr defs)))
           (load (car (cdr (cdr defs))) nil 'nomessage))
      (fset (car defs) (car (cdr defs)))
      )))

;; List and range functions

(defun gnus-last-element (list)
  "Return last element of LIST."
  (while (cdr list)
    (setq list (cdr list)))
  (car list))

(defun gnus-set-difference (list1 list2)
  "Return a list of elements of LIST1 that do not appear in LIST2."
  (let ((list1 (copy-sequence list1)))
    (while list2
      (setq list1 (delq (car list2) list1))
      (setq list2 (cdr list2)))
    list1
    ))

(defun gnus-intersection (list1 list2)      
  (let ((result nil))
    (while list2
      (if (memq (car list2) list1)
          (setq result (cons (car list2) result)))
      (setq list2 (cdr list2)))
    result
    ))

(defun gnus-compress-sequence (numbers &optional always-list)
  "Convert list of numbers to a list of ranges or a single range.
If ALWAYS-LIST is non-nil, this function will always release a list of
ranges."
  (let* ((first (car numbers))
         (last (car numbers))
         result)
    (if (null numbers)
        nil
      (while numbers
        (cond ((= last (car numbers)) nil) ;Omit duplicated number
              ((= (1+ last) (car numbers)) ;Still in sequence
               (setq last (car numbers)))
              (t                                ;End of one sequence
               (setq result (cons (cons first last) result))
               (setq first (car numbers))
               (setq last  (car numbers))))
        (setq numbers (cdr numbers)))
      (if (and (not always-list) (null result))
          (cons first last)
        (nreverse (cons (cons first last) result))))))

(defun gnus-uncompress-sequence (ranges)
  "Expand a list of ranges into a list of numbers.
RANGES is either a single range on the form `(num . num)' or a list of
these ranges."
  (let (first last result)
    (if (null ranges)
        nil
      (if (atom (car ranges))
          (progn
            (setq first (car ranges))
            (setq last (cdr ranges))
            (while (<= first last)
              (setq result (cons first result))
              (setq first (1+ first))))
        (while ranges
          (setq first (car (car ranges)))
          (setq last  (cdr (car ranges)))
          (while (<= first last)
            (setq result (cons first result))
            (setq first (1+ first)))
          (setq ranges (cdr ranges))))
      (nreverse result))))

(defun gnus-add-to-range (ranges list)
  "Return a list of ranges that has all articles from both RANGES and LIST.
Note: LIST has to be sorted over `<'."
  (let* ((ranges (if (and ranges (atom (car ranges))) (list ranges) ranges))
         (inrange ranges)
         range nranges first last)
    (if (not ranges)
        (gnus-compress-sequence list t)
      (while (and ranges list)
        (setq range (car ranges))
        (while (and list (<= (car list) (cdr range)))
          (setq list (cdr list)))
        (while (and list (= (1- (car list)) (cdr range)))
          (setcdr range (car list))
          (setq list (cdr list)))
        (if (and list (and (> (car list) (cdr range)) (cdr ranges)
                           (< (car list) (car (car (cdr ranges))))))
            (setcdr ranges (cons (cons (car list) (car list)) (cdr ranges))))
        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
      (if (and list (not ranges))
          (setq inrange (nconc inrange (gnus-compress-sequence list t))))
      (setq ranges inrange)
      (while ranges
        (if (and (cdr ranges) (>= (1+ (cdr (car ranges)))
                                  (car (car (cdr ranges)))))
            (progn
              (setcdr (car ranges) (cdr (car (cdr ranges))))
              (setcdr ranges (cdr (cdr ranges))))
          (setq ranges (cdr ranges))))
      (if (not (cdr inrange))
          (car inrange)
        inrange))))

(defun gnus-remove-from-range (ranges list)
  "Return a list of ranges that has all articles from LIST removed from RANGES.
Note: LIST has to be sorted over `<'."
  ;; !!! This function shouldn't look like this, but I've got a headache.
  (gnus-compress-sequence 
   (gnus-set-difference 
    (gnus-uncompress-sequence ranges) list)))

(defun gnus-member-of-range (number ranges)
  (let ((not-stop t))
    (while (and ranges not-stop)
      (if (and (>= number (car (car ranges)))
               (<= number (cdr (car ranges))))
          (setq not-stop nil))
      (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
    (not not-stop)))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Group Mode
;;;

(if gnus-group-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-group-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-group-mode-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map " " 'gnus-group-read-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "=" 'gnus-group-select-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "j" 'gnus-group-jump-to-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "n" 'gnus-group-next-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "p" 'gnus-group-prev-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map [del] 'gnus-group-prev-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "N" 'gnus-group-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "P" 'gnus-group-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-n" 'gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-p" 'gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\r" 'gnus-group-select-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "u" 'gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "U" 'gnus-group-unsubscribe-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "c" 'gnus-group-catchup-current)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "C" 'gnus-group-catchup-current-all)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "l" 'gnus-group-list-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "L" 'gnus-group-list-all-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "m" 'gnus-group-mail)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "g" 'gnus-group-get-new-news)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-g" 'gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "R" 'gnus-group-restart)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "r" 'gnus-group-read-init-file)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "B" 'gnus-group-browse-foreign-server)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "b" 'gnus-group-check-bogus-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "F" 'gnus-find-new-newsgroups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-d" 'gnus-group-describe-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-d" 'gnus-group-describe-all-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-a" 'gnus-group-apropos)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\M-C-a" 'gnus-group-description-apropos)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "a" 'gnus-group-post-news)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-a" 'gnus-group-add-newsgroup)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-e" 'gnus-group-edit-newsgroup)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\ek" 'gnus-group-edit-local-kill)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\eK" 'gnus-group-edit-global-kill)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-k" 'gnus-group-kill-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-y" 'gnus-group-yank-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-w" 'gnus-group-kill-region)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-z" 'gnus-group-kill-all-zombies)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-x\C-t" 'gnus-group-transpose-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-l" 'gnus-group-list-killed)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-k" 'gnus-group-list-killed)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-z" 'gnus-group-list-zombies)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-x" 'gnus-group-expire-articles)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\M-\C-x" 'gnus-group-expire-all-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "V" 'gnus-version)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "S" 'gnus-group-set-current-level)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "s" 'gnus-group-save-newsrc)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "z" 'gnus-group-suspend)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "Z" 'gnus-group-clear-dribble)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "q" 'gnus-group-exit)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "Q" 'gnus-group-quit)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "?" 'gnus-group-describe-briefly)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map [mouse-2] 'gnus-mouse-pick-group)
  (gnus-group-make-menu-bar))

(defun gnus-group-mode ()
  "Major mode for reading news.
All normal editing commands are switched off.
The following commands are available:

\\<gnus-group-mode-map>
\\[gnus-group-read-group]\t Choose the current group
\\[gnus-group-select-group]\t Select the current group without selecting the first article
\\[gnus-group-jump-to-group]\t Go to some group
\\[gnus-group-next-unread-group]\t Go to the next unread group
\\[gnus-group-prev-unread-group]\t Go to the previous unread group
\\[gnus-group-next-group]\t Go to the next group
\\[gnus-group-prev-group]\t Go to the previous group
\\[gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level]\t Go to the next unread group on the same level
\\[gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level]\t Go to the previous unread group un the same level
\\[gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group]\t (Un)subscribe to the current group
\\[gnus-group-unsubscribe-group]\t (Un)subscribe to some group
\\[gnus-group-catchup-current]\t Mark all unread articles in the current group as read
\\[gnus-group-catchup-current-all]\t Mark all alrticles in the current group as read
\\[gnus-group-list-groups]\t List groups that have unread articles
\\[gnus-group-list-all-groups]\t List all groups
\\[gnus-group-mail]\t Compose a mail
\\[gnus-group-get-new-news]\t Look for new news
\\[gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group]\t Look for new news for the current group
\\[gnus-group-restart]\t Restart Gnus
\\[gnus-group-save-newsrc]\t Save the startup file(s)
\\[gnus-group-browse-foreign-server]\t Browse a foreign (NNTP) server
\\[gnus-group-check-bogus-groups]\t Check for and delete bogus newsgroups
\\[gnus-find-new-newsgroups]\t Find new newsgroups
\\[gnus-group-describe-group]\t Describe the current newsgroup
\\[gnus-group-describe-all-groups]\t Describe all newsgroups
\\[gnus-group-post-news]\t Post an article to some newsgroup
\\[gnus-group-add-newsgroup]\t Add a newsgroup entry
\\[gnus-group-edit-newsgroup]\t Edit a newsgroup entry
\\[gnus-group-edit-local-kill]\t Edit a local kill file
\\[gnus-group-edit-global-kill]\t Edit the global kill file
\\[gnus-group-kill-group]\t Kill the current newsgroup
\\[gnus-group-yank-group]\t Yank a previously killed newsgroup
\\[gnus-group-kill-region]\t Kill all newsgroups between point and mark
\\[gnus-group-kill-all-zombies]\t Kill all zombie newsgroups
\\[gnus-group-transpose-groups]\t Transpose two newsgroups
\\[gnus-group-list-killed]\t List all killed newsgroups
\\[gnus-group-list-zombies]\t List all zombie newsgroups
\\[gnus-group-expire-articles]\t Expire the expirable articles in the current newsgroup
\\[gnus-group-expire-all-groups]\t Expire expirable articles in all newsgroups
\\[gnus-version]\t Display the current Gnus version
\\[gnus-group-set-current-level]\t Set the level of the current newsgroup
\\[gnus-group-suspend]\t Suspend Gnus
\\[gnus-group-clear-dribble]\t Clear the dribble buffer
\\[gnus-group-exit]\t Stop reading news
\\[gnus-group-quit]\t Stop reading news without saving the startup files
\\[gnus-group-describe-briefly]\t Give a brief description of the current mode
\\[gnus-info-find-node]\t Find the info pages for Gnus
"
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (setq mode-line-modified "--- ")
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-group-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Newsgroup")
  (gnus-group-set-mode-line)
  (setq mode-line-process nil)
  (use-local-map gnus-group-mode-map)
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq truncate-lines t)
  (setq buffer-read-only t)
  (run-hooks 'gnus-group-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-mouse-pick-group (e)
  (interactive "e")
  (mouse-set-point e)
  (gnus-group-read-group nil))

;;;###autoload
(defun gnus-no-server (&optional arg)
  "Read network news.
If ARG is non-nil and a positive number, Gnus will use that as the
startup level. If ARG is non-nil and not a positive number, Gnus will
prompt the user for the name of an NNTP server to use.
As opposed to `gnus', this command will not connect to the local server."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus arg t))

(defalias '\(ding\) 'gnus)

;;;###autoload
(defun gnus (&optional arg dont-connect)
  "Read network news.
If ARG is non-nil and a positive number, Gnus will use that as the
startup level. If ARG is non-nil and not a positive number, Gnus will
prompt the user for the name of an NNTP server to use."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-clear-system)
  (gnus-read-init-file)
  (if (and gnus-signature-file mail-signature)
      (setq gnus-signature-file nil))
  (let ((level (and arg (numberp arg) (> arg 0) arg)))
    (unwind-protect
        (progn
          (switch-to-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-buffer))
          (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
          (gnus-group-mode)
          (or dont-connect (gnus-start-news-server (and arg (not level)))))
      (if (and (not dont-connect) 
               (not (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method)))
          (gnus-group-quit)
        ;; NNTP server is successfully open. 
        (gnus-update-format-specifications)
        (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
          (erase-buffer)
          (if (not gnus-inhibit-startup-message)
              (progn
                (gnus-group-startup-message)
                (sit-for 0))))
        (run-hooks 'gnus-startup-hook)
        (gnus-setup-news nil level)
        (gnus-dribble-open)
        (or (not gnus-novice-user)
            gnus-expert-user
            (gnus-group-describe-briefly)) ;Show brief help message.
        (gnus-group-list-groups (or level 5))))))

(defun gnus-group-startup-message (&optional x y)
  "Insert startup message in current buffer."
  ;; Insert the message.
  (erase-buffer)
  (insert
   (format "
%s
       A newsreader 
  for GNU Emacs

    Based on GNUS 
         written by 
 Masanobu UMEDA

Lars Ingebrigtsen 
  larsi@ifi.uio.no
" 
           gnus-version))
  ;; And then hack it.
  ;; 18 is the longest line.
  (indent-rigidly (point-min) (point-max) 
                  (/ (max (- (window-width) (or x 28)) 0) 2))
  (goto-char (point-min))
  ;; +4 is fuzzy factor.
  (insert-char ?\n (/ (max (- (window-height) (or y 12)) 0) 2)))

(defun gnus-group-list-groups (level &optional unread)
  "List newsgroups with level LEVEL or lower that have unread alticles.
Default is 5, which lists all subscribed groups.
If argument UNREAD is non-nil, groups with no unread articles are also listed."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq level (or level 5))
  (let ((case-fold-search nil)
        (group (gnus-group-group-name)))
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)      ;May call from out of Group buffer
    (gnus-group-prepare level unread)
    (if (zerop (buffer-size))
        ;; Suggested by Andrew Eskilsson <pi92ae@lelle.pt.hk-r.se>.
        (message "No news is horrible news")
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (if (not group)
          ()
        ;; Find the right group to put point on. If the current group
        ;; has disapeared in the new listing, try to find the next
        ;; one. If no next one can be found, just leave point at the
        ;; first newsgroup in the buffer.
        (if (not (re-search-forward (gnus-group-make-regexp group) nil t))
            (let ((newsrc (nthcdr 3 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
              (while (and newsrc
                          (not (re-search-forward 
                                (gnus-group-make-regexp (car (car newsrc))) 
                                nil t)))
                (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc))))))
      ;; Adjust cursor point.
      (gnus-group-position-cursor))))

(defun gnus-group-prepare (level &optional all lowest) 
  "List all newsgroups with unread articles of level LEVEL or lower.
If ALL is non-nil, list groups that have no unread articles.
If LOWEST is non-nil, list all newsgroups of level LOWEST or higher."
  (set-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-buffer))
  (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        (newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        (zombie gnus-zombie-list)
        (killed gnus-killed-list)
        info clevel unread active group)
    (if (not lowest)
        (setq lowest 1))
    (erase-buffer)
    (if (< lowest 8)
        ;; List alive newsgroups.
        (while newsrc
          (setq info (car newsrc)
                group (car info)
                newsrc (cdr newsrc)
                unread (car (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
          (if (and unread ; This group might be bogus
                   (or all (eq unread t) 
                       (and (> unread 0)
                            (> unread 
                               (length (cdr (assq 'dormant (nth 3 info)))))))
                   (and (<= (setq clevel (car (cdr info))) level))
                   (>= clevel lowest))
              (gnus-group-insert-group-line 
               nil group (car (cdr info)) (nth 3 info) unread
               (nth 4 info)))))

    ;; List zombies and killed lists somehwat faster, which was
    ;; suggested by Jack Vinson <vinson@unagi.cis.upenn.edu>. It does
    ;; this by ignoring the group format specification altogether.
    (let ((lists (list 'gnus-zombie-list 'gnus-killed-list))
          mark beg)
      (while lists
        (if (or (and (eq (car lists) 'gnus-zombie-list)
                     (progn (setq mark ?Z)
                            (and (>= level 8) (<= lowest 8))))
                (and (eq (car lists) 'gnus-killed-list)
                     (progn (setq mark ?K)
                            (and (>= level 9) (<= lowest 9)))))
            (progn
              (setq newsrc (set (car lists)
                                (sort (symbol-value (car lists)) 
                                      (function string<))))
              (while newsrc
                (setq group (car newsrc)
                      newsrc (cdr newsrc))
                (insert (format " %c    *: %s" mark group))
                (setq beg (point))
                (insert (format " %s  %d\n" group 
                                (if (= mark ?Z) 8 9)))
                (set-text-properties beg (1- (point))
                                     '(invisible t)))))
        (setq lists (cdr lists))))

    (gnus-group-set-mode-line)
    (setq gnus-have-all-newsgroups all)
    (run-hooks 'gnus-group-prepare-hook)))

(defun gnus-group-real-name (group)
  "Find the real name of a foreign newsgroup."
  (if (string-match (concat "^" gnus-foreign-group-prefix) group)
      (substring group (match-end 0))
    group))

(defun gnus-group-set-info (info)
  (let ((entry (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
    (if entry
        (progn
          (setcar (nthcdr 2 entry) info)
          (if (and (not (eq (car entry) t)) 
                   (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-active-hashtb))
              (setcar entry (length (gnus-list-of-unread-articles 
                                     (car info))))))
      (error "No such group: %s" (car info)))))

(defun gnus-group-update-group-line ()
  "This function updates the current line in the newsgroup buffer and
moves the point to the colon."
  (let ((group (gnus-group-group-name))
        (buffer-read-only nil))
    (let ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
      (if entry
          (gnus-dribble-enter 
           (concat "(gnus-group-set-info '" (prin1-to-string (nth 2 entry))
                   ")"))))
    (beginning-of-line)
    (delete-region (point) (save-excursion (forward-line 1) (point)))
    (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info group)
    (forward-line -1)
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-group-insert-group-line-info (group)
  (let ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)) 
        active info)
    (if entry
        (progn
          (setq info (nth 2 entry))
          (gnus-group-insert-group-line 
           nil group (nth 1 info) (nth 3 info) (car entry) (nth 4 info)))
      (setq active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
      (gnus-group-insert-group-line 
       nil group (if (member group gnus-zombie-list) 8 9)
       nil (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active)) nil))))

(defun gnus-group-insert-group-line (gformat group level marked number method)
  (let* ((gformat (or gformat gnus-group-line-format-spec))
         (active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
         (number-total (if active (1+ (- (cdr active) (car active)))))
         (number-of-dormant (length (cdr (assq 'dormant marked))))
         (number-of-ticked (length (cdr (assq 'tick marked))))
         (number-of-ticked-and-dormant
          (+ number-of-ticked number-of-dormant))
         (number-of-unread-unticked 
          (if (numberp number) (- number number-of-ticked number-of-dormant)
            "*"))
         (number-of-read
          (if (numberp number)
              (- number-total number)
            "*"))
         (subscribed (cond ((< level 6) ? )
                           ((< level 8) ?U)
                           ((= level 8) ?Z)
                           (t ?K)))
         (buffer-read-only nil)
         (newsgroup-description 
          (if gnus-description-hashtb
              (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-description-hashtb) "")
            ""))
         (moderated (if (member group gnus-moderated-list) ?m ? ))
         (moderated-string (if (eq moderated ?m) "(m)" ""))
         (news-server (or (car (cdr method)) ""))
         (news-method (or (car method) ""))
         (news-method-string 
          (if method (format "(%s:%s)" (car method) (car (cdr method))) ""))
         (number (if (eq number t) "*" number))
         (marked (if (and 
                      (numberp number) 
                      (not (zerop number))
                      (>= (+ (length (cdr (assq 'tick marked)))
                             (length (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))) number)
                      (> (length (cdr (assq 'tick marked))) 0))
                     ?* ? ))
         b)
    (beginning-of-line)
    (setq b (point))
    (let ((group (if method (gnus-group-real-name group) group)))
      ;; Insert the visible text.
      (insert-before-markers (eval gformat)))
    (forward-char -1)
    (if (and gnus-visual gnus-mouse-face)
        (overlay-put (make-overlay b (point)) 'mouse-face gnus-mouse-face))
    ;; Insert the invisible info on the end of the line.
    (set-text-properties 
     (prog1 
         (point)
       ;; The info is GROUP UNREAD MARKED LEVEL.
       (insert (format 
                " %s%c%c%d" group (if (or (stringp number) (> number 0)) ?+ ? )
                marked level)))
     (point) '(invisible t))
    (forward-char 1)))

(defun gnus-group-update-group (group &optional visible-only)
  "Update newsgroup info of GROUP.
If VISIBLE-ONLY is non-nil, the group won't be displayed if it isn't already."
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        (case-fold-search nil)
        (regexp (gnus-group-make-regexp group))
        (visible nil))
    (let ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
      (if entry
          (gnus-dribble-enter 
           (concat "(gnus-group-set-info '" (prin1-to-string (nth 2 entry))
                   ")"))))
    ;; Buffer may be narrowed.
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      ;; Search a line to modify.  If the buffer is large, the search
      ;; takes long time.  In most cases, current point is on the line
      ;; we are looking for.  So, first of all, check current line. 
      ;; And then if current point is in the first half, search from
      ;; the beginning.  Otherwise, search from the end.
      (if (cond ((progn
                   (beginning-of-line)
                   (looking-at regexp)))
                ((and (> (/ (buffer-size) 2) (point)) ;In the first half.
                      (progn
                        (goto-char (point-min))
                        (re-search-forward regexp nil t))))
                ((progn
                   (goto-char (point-max))
                   (re-search-backward regexp nil t))))
          ;; GROUP is listed in current buffer. So, delete old line.
          (progn
            (setq visible t)
            (beginning-of-line)
            (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
        ;; No such line in the buffer, find out where it's supposed to
        ;; go, and insert it there (or at the end of the buffer).
        ;; Fix by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
        (or visible-only
            (let ((entry (cdr (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (while (and entry
                          (not (re-search-forward (gnus-group-make-regexp
                                                   (car (car entry))) nil t)))
                (setq entry (cdr entry)))
              (if (not entry)
                  (goto-char (point-max))))))
      (if (or visible (not visible-only))
          (progn
            (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info group)
            (forward-line -1)           ; Move point back to the inserted line.
            ))))
  (gnus-group-set-mode-line))

(defun gnus-group-set-mode-line ()
  (if (memq 'group gnus-updated-mode-lines)
      (let* ((gformat (or gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec
                          (setq gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec
                                (gnus-parse-format 
                                 gnus-group-mode-line-format 
                                 gnus-group-mode-line-format-alist))))
             (news-server (car (cdr gnus-select-method)))
             (news-method (car gnus-select-method))
             (mode-string (eval gformat))
             (max-len 60))
        (if (> (length mode-string) max-len) 
            (setq mode-string (substring mode-string 0 (- max-len 4))))
        (setq mode-line-buffer-identification mode-string)
        (set-buffer-modified-p t))))

(defun gnus-group-group-name ()
  "Get the name of the newsgroup on the current line."
  (save-excursion
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (if (re-search-forward " \\([^ ]*\\)...$" nil t)
          (prog2
              (set-text-properties (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1) nil)
              (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
            (set-text-properties (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1) 
                                 '(invisible t)))))))

(defun gnus-group-group-level ()
  "Get the level of the newsgroup on the current line."
  (save-excursion
    (end-of-line)
    (forward-char -1)
    (let ((c (following-char)))
      (if (and (>= c ?1) (<= c ?9))
          (1+ (- c ?1))))))

(defun gnus-group-make-regexp (newsgroup)
  "Return regexp that will match the line that NEWSGROUP is on."
  (concat " " (regexp-quote newsgroup) "...$"))

(defun gnus-group-search-forward (&optional backward all level)
  "Find the next newsgroup with unread articles.
If BACKWARD is non-nil, find the previous newsgroup instead.
If ALL is non-nil, just find any newsgroup.
If LEVEL is non-nil, find group with level LEVEL, or higher if no such
group exists."
  (if (not level)
      (let ((regexp (if all "...$" "\\+.[1-5]$")))
        (prog1
            (if backward
                (progn
                  (beginning-of-line)
                  (re-search-backward regexp nil t))
              (end-of-line)
              (re-search-forward regexp nil t))
          (gnus-group-position-cursor)))
    (let ((beg (point)))
      (while (and (< level 10)
                  (goto-char beg)
                  (let ((regexp (format "%s.%d$" (if all "." "\\+") level)))
                    (not            
                     (if backward
                         (progn
                           (beginning-of-line)
                           (re-search-backward regexp nil t))
                       (end-of-line)
                       (re-search-forward regexp nil t)))))
        (setq level (1+ level)))
      (< level 10))))

;; Gnus Group mode command

(defun gnus-group-read-group (all &optional no-article)
  "Read news in this newsgroup.
If argument ALL is non-nil, already read articles become readable.
If optional argument NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article body is displayed."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((group (gnus-group-group-name))
        number active)
    (if (not group)
        (error "No group on current line"))
    ;; This group might be a dead group. In that case we have to get
    ;; the number of unread articles from `gnus-active-hashtb'.
    (if (>= (gnus-group-group-level) 8)
        (setq number (- (1+ (cdr (setq active (gnus-gethash 
                                               group gnus-active-hashtb))))
                        (car active)))
      (setq number (car (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
    (gnus-summary-read-group 
     group (or all (and (numberp number) (zerop number))) no-article)))

(defun gnus-group-select-group (all)
  "Select this newsgroup.
No article is selected automatically.
If argument ALL is non-nil, already read articles become readable."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-group-read-group all t))

(defun gnus-group-jump-to-group (group)
  "Jump to newsgroup GROUP."
  (interactive
   (list 
    (completing-read "Newsgroup: " gnus-active-hashtb nil t)))
  (let ((case-fold-search nil))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    ;; Either go to the line in the group buffer...
    (or (re-search-forward (gnus-group-make-regexp group) nil t)
        ;; ... or insert the line.
        (gnus-group-update-group group))
    ;; Adjust cursor point.
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-group-next-group (n)
  "Go to next N'th newsgroup.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group n t))

(defun gnus-group-next-unread-group (n &optional all level)
  "Go to next N'th unread newsgroup.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
If ALL is non-nil, choose any newsgroup, unread or not.
If LEVEL is non-nil, choose the next group with level LEVEL, or, if no
such group can be found, the next group with a level higher than
LEVEL.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-group-search-forward backward all level))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more%s newsgroups%s" (if all "" " unread")
                        (if level " on this level or higher" "")))
  n))

(defun gnus-group-prev-group (n)
  "Go to previous N'th newsgroup.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group (- n) t))

(defun gnus-group-prev-unread-group (n)
  "Go to previous N'th unread newsgroup.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."  
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group (- n)))

(defun gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level (n)
  "Go to next N'th unread newsgroup on the same level.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group n t (gnus-group-group-level))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level (n)
  "Go to next N'th unread newsgroup on the same level.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group (- n) t (gnus-group-group-level))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-add-newsgroup (&optional name how where)
  "Add a new newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (let ((methods gnus-valid-select-methods)
        nname)
    (if (not name)
        (setq name (read-string "Newsgroup name: ")))
    (setq nname (concat gnus-foreign-group-prefix name))
    (while (gnus-gethash nname gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
      (setq name (read-string "Name already in use. Newsgroup name: "))
      (setq nname (concat gnus-foreign-group-prefix name)))
    (if (not how)
        (setq how (completing-read (format "%s method: " name) methods nil t)))
    (if (not where)
        (setq where (read-string 
                     (format "Get %s by method %s from: " name how))))
    (gnus-group-change-level 
     (list t nname 3 nil nil (list (intern how) where))
     3 9 (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-group-name) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
     t)
    (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info nname)))

(defun gnus-group-edit-newsgroup ()
  (interactive)
  (let ((group (gnus-group-group-name))
        info)
    (if group (setq info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
      (error "No group on current line"))
    (switch-to-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-edit-buffer))
    (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
    (emacs-lisp-mode)
    (erase-buffer)
    (insert ";; Type `C-c C-c' after you have edited the newsgroup entry.\n\n")
    (insert (format "(gnus-group-set-info\n  '%S)\n" info))
    (local-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-group-edit-newsgroup-done)))

(defun gnus-group-edit-newsgroup-done ()
  (interactive)
  (set-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-edit-buffer))
  (eval-current-buffer)
  (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
  (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
  (gnus-group-update-group (gnus-group-group-name))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-make-mail-groups (method)
  ;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <bedmonds@prodigy.bc.ca>.
  (interactive
   (list
    (intern
     (completing-read
      "Mail method: " 
      (gnus-methods-using 'mail) nil t "nnmail"))))
  (let ((groups nnmail-split-methods)
        group)
    (while groups
      (setq group (concat gnus-foreign-group-prefix (car (car groups))))
      (if (not (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
          (progn
            (gnus-group-change-level 
             (list t group 1 nil nil (list method ""))
             1 9 (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-group-name) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
             t)
            (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info group)))
      (setq groups (cdr groups)))))

(defun gnus-group-catchup-current (n &optional all)
  "Mark all articles not marked as unread in current newsgroup as read.
If prefix argument N is numeric, the ARG next newsgroups will be
caught up. If ALL is non-nil, marked articles will also be marked as
read. Cross references (Xref: field) of articles are ignored.
The difference between N and actual number of newsgroups that were
caught up is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (if (or (not gnus-interactive-catchup) ;Without confirmation?
          gnus-expert-user
          (y-or-n-p
           (if all
               "Do you really want to mark all articles as read? "
             "Mark all unread articles as read? ")))
      (progn
        (while 
            (and (> n 0)
                 (progn
                   (setq n (1- n))
                   (gnus-group-catchup (gnus-group-group-name) all)
                   (gnus-group-update-group-line)
                   t)
                 (= 0 (gnus-group-next-unread-group 1))))))
    n)

(defun gnus-group-catchup-current-all (n)
  "Mark all articles in current newsgroup as read.
Cross references (Xref: field) of articles are ignored."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-catchup-current n 'all))

(defun gnus-group-catchup (group &optional all)
  "Mark all articles in GROUP as read.
If ALL is non-nil, all articles are marked as read.
The return value is the number of articles that were marked as read,
or nil if no action could be taken."
  (let* ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
         (num (car entry))
         ticked)
    ;; Do the updating only if the newsgroup isn't killed
    (if entry
        (progn
          (setq ticked (if all nil (cdr (assq 'tick (nth 3 (nth 2 entry))))))
          (gnus-update-read-articles group ticked nil ticked)))
    num))

(defun gnus-group-expire-articles (newsgroup)
  "Expire all expirable articles in the current newsgroup."
  (interactive (list (gnus-group-group-name)))
  (if (not newsgroup) (error "No current newsgroup"))
  (let ((expirable 
         (assq 'expire (nth 3 (nth 2 (gnus-gethash newsgroup 
                                                   gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))))
 (and expirable 
      (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-expire-articles newsgroup)
      (setcdr expirable
              (gnus-request-expire-articles (cdr expirable) newsgroup)))))

(defun gnus-group-expire-all-groups ()
  "Expire all expirable articles in all newsgroups."
  (interactive)
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc)))
    (while newsrc
      (gnus-group-expire-articles (car (car newsrc)))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))))

(defun gnus-group-set-current-level (n)
  "Set the level of the current group to the numeric prefix."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq n (or n (string-to-int 
                 (completing-read 
                  "Level: " 
                  '(("1") ("2") ("3") ("4") ("5") ("6") ("7") ("8") ("9"))
                  nil t))))
  (let ((group (gnus-group-group-name)))
    (if (not group) (error "No newsgroup on current line.")
    (if (and (numberp n) (>= n 1) (<= n 9))
        (progn
          (gnus-group-change-level group n (gnus-group-group-level))
          (gnus-group-update-group-line))
      (error "Illegal level: %s" n)))))

(defun gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group (arg)
  "Toggle subscribe from/to unsubscribe current group."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((group (gnus-group-group-name)))
    (if group
        (progn
          (if (not arg) 
              (setq arg (if (<= (gnus-group-group-level) 5) 7 3)))
          (gnus-group-unsubscribe-group group arg)
          (gnus-group-next-group 1))
      (message "No newsgroup on current line"))))

(defun gnus-group-unsubscribe-group (group &optional level)
  "Toggle subscribe from/to unsubscribe GROUP.
New newsgroup is added to .newsrc automatically."
  (interactive
   (list (completing-read "Newsgroup: " gnus-active-hashtb nil t)))
  (let ((newsrc (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
    (cond (newsrc
           ;; Toggle subscription flag.
           (gnus-group-change-level 
            newsrc (if level level (if (< (nth 1 (nth 2 newsrc)) 6) 7 4)))
           (gnus-group-update-group group))
          ((and (stringp group)
                (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
           ;; Add new newsgroup.
           (gnus-group-change-level 
            group 
            (if level level 3) 
            (if (member group gnus-zombie-list) 8 9)
            (or (and (gnus-group-group-name)
                     (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-group-name) gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
                (gnus-gethash (car (car gnus-newsrc-assoc)) 
                              gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
           (gnus-group-update-group group))
          (t (error "No such newsgroup: %s" group)))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-group-transpose-groups (arg)
  "Exchange current newsgroup and previous newsgroup.
With argument ARG, takes previous newsgroup and moves it past ARG newsgroup."
  (interactive "p")
  ;; BUG: last newsgroup and the last but one cannot be transposed
  ;; since gnus-group-search-forward does not move forward beyond the
  ;; last.  If we instead use forward-line, no problem, but I don't
  ;; want to use it for later extension.
  (while (> arg 0)
    (gnus-group-search-forward t t)
    (gnus-group-kill-group 1)
    (gnus-group-search-forward nil t)
    (gnus-group-yank-group)
    (gnus-group-search-forward nil t)
    (setq arg (1- arg))
    ))

(defun gnus-group-kill-all-zombies ()
  "Kill all zombie newsgroups."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-killed-list (nconc gnus-zombie-list gnus-killed-list))
  (setq gnus-zombie-list nil)
  (gnus-group-prepare 5)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-kill-region (begin end)
  "Kill newsgroups in current region (excluding current point).
The killed newsgroups can be yanked by using \\[gnus-group-yank-group]."
  (interactive "r")
  (let ((lines
         ;; Exclude a line where current point is on.
         (1-
          ;; Count lines.
          (save-excursion
            (count-lines
             (progn
               (goto-char begin)
               (beginning-of-line)
               (point))
             (progn
               (goto-char end)
               (end-of-line)
               (point)))))))
    (goto-char begin)
    (beginning-of-line)                 ;Important when LINES < 1
    (gnus-group-kill-group lines)))

(defun gnus-group-kill-group (n)
  "Kill newsgroup on current line, repeated prefix argument N times.
The killed newsgroups can be yanked by using \\[gnus-group-yank-group].
However, only groups that were alive can be yanked; already killed 
groups or zombie groups can't be yanked.
The return value is the name of the (last) newsgroup that was killed."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        group entry level)
    (while (>= (setq n  (1- n)) 0)
      (setq group (gnus-group-group-name))
      (or group
          (signal 'end-of-buffer nil))
      (setq level (gnus-group-group-level))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (delete-region (point)
                     (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))
      (if (setq entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
          (setq gnus-list-of-killed-groups 
                (cons (cons (car entry) (nth 2 entry)) 
                      gnus-list-of-killed-groups)))
      (gnus-group-change-level 
       (if entry entry group) 9
       (if entry nil level)))
    (if (eobp)
        (forward-line -1))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)
    group))

(defun gnus-group-yank-group (&optional arg)
  "Yank the last newsgroups killed with \\[gnus-group-kill-group],
inserting it before the current newsgroup.  The numeric ARG specifies
how many newsgroups are to be yanked.  The name of the (last)
newsgroup yanked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (if (not arg) (setq arg 1))
  (let (info group prev)
    (while (>= (setq arg (1- arg)) 0)
      (if (not (setq info (car gnus-list-of-killed-groups)))
          (error "No more newsgroups to yank"))
      (setq group (nth 2 info))
      ;; Find which newsgroup to insert this one before - search
      ;; backward until something suitable is found. If there are no
      ;; other newsgroups in this buffer, just make this newsgroup the
      ;; first newsgroup.
      (while (and (not (setq prev (gnus-group-group-name)))
                  (= 0 (forward-line -1))))
      (if (not prev)
          (setq prev (car (car gnus-newsrc-assoc))))
      (gnus-group-change-level 
       info (nth 2 info) 9 
       (gnus-gethash prev gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
       t)
      (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info (nth 1 info))
      (setq gnus-list-of-killed-groups 
            (cdr gnus-list-of-killed-groups)))
    (forward-line -1)
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)
    group))
      
(defun gnus-group-list-all-groups (arg)
  "List all newsgroups with level ARG or lower.
Default is 7, which lists all subscribed and unsubscribed groups."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq arg (or arg 7))
  (gnus-group-list-groups arg t))

(defun gnus-group-list-killed ()
  "List all killed newsgroups in the Newsgroup buffer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-group-prepare 9 t 9)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-list-zombies ()
  "List all zombie newsgroups in the Newsgroup buffer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-group-prepare 8 t 8)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-get-new-news (&optional arg)
  "Get newly arrived articles.
If ARG is non-nil, it should be a number between one and nine to
specify which levels you are interested in re-scanning."
  (interactive "P")
  (if (and gnus-read-active-file (not arg))
      (gnus-read-active-file))
  (if arg
      (let ((gnus-read-active-file nil))
        (gnus-get-unread-articles arg))
    (gnus-get-unread-articles 7))
  (gnus-group-list-groups 5 gnus-have-all-newsgroups))

(defun gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group (n)
  "Check for newly arrived news in the current group (and the N-1 next groups).
The difference between N and the number of newsgroup checked is returned.
If N is negative, this group and the N-1 previous groups will be checked."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((way (if (< n 0) -1 1))
        (n (abs n))
        (w-p (window-start))
        group)
    (while (and (> n 0)
                (progn
                  (and (setq group (gnus-group-group-name))
                       (gnus-activate-newsgroup 
                        group (gnus-group-real-name group))
                       (progn
                         (gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group 
                          (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
                          (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
                         (gnus-group-update-group-line)))
                  t)
                (= 0 (gnus-group-next-group way)))
      (setq n (1- n)))
    (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more newsgroups"))
    ;; !!! I don't know why the buffer scrolls forward when updating
    ;; the first line in the Group buffer, but it does. So we set the
    ;; window start forcibly.
    (set-window-start (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) w-p)
    n))
  
(defun gnus-group-describe-group (&optional group)
  "Display a description of the current newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (let ((group (or group (gnus-group-group-name))))
    (if (not group)
        (message "No group on current line")
      (and (or gnus-description-hashtb
               (gnus-read-descriptions-file))
           (message
            (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-description-hashtb)
                "No description available"))))))

;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-group-describe-all-groups ()
  "Pop up a buffer with descriptons of all newsgroups."
  (interactive)
  (if (not (or gnus-description-hashtb
               (gnus-read-descriptions-file)))
      (error "Couldn't request descriptions file"))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        beg)
    (erase-buffer)
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (group)
       (insert (format "      *: %-20s %s" (symbol-name group)
                       (symbol-value group)))
       (setq beg (point))
       (insert (format " %s  6\n" group))
       (set-text-properties beg (1- (point)) '(invisible t)))
     gnus-description-hashtb)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

;; Suggested by by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.
(defun gnus-group-apropos (regexp &optional search-description)
  "List all newsgroups that have names that match a regexp."
  (interactive "sGnus apropos (regexp): ")
  (let ((prev "")
        (obuf (current-buffer))
        groups des prev)
    ;; Go through all newsgroups that are known to Gnus.
    (mapatoms 
     (lambda (group)
       (and (string-match regexp (symbol-name group))
            (setq groups (cons (symbol-name group) groups))))
     gnus-active-hashtb)
    ;; Go through all descriptions that are known to Gnus. 
    (if search-description
        (mapatoms 
         (lambda (group)
           (and (string-match regexp (symbol-value group))
                (gnus-gethash (symbol-name group) gnus-active-hashtb)
                (setq groups (cons (symbol-name group) groups))))
         gnus-description-hashtb))
    (if (not groups)
        (message "No groups matched \"%s\"." regexp)
      ;; Print out all the groups.
      (save-excursion
        (pop-to-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Gnus Help*"))
        (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
        (erase-buffer)
        (setq groups (sort groups 'string<))
        (while groups
          ;; Groups may be entered twice into the list of groups.
          (if (not (string= (car groups) prev))
              (progn
                (insert (setq prev (car groups)) "\n")
                (if (and gnus-description-hashtb
                         (setq des (gnus-gethash (car groups) 
                                                 gnus-description-hashtb)))
                    (insert "  " des "\n"))))
          (setq groups (cdr groups)))
        (goto-char 1)))
    (pop-to-buffer obuf)))

(defun gnus-group-description-apropos (regexp)
  "List all newsgroups that have names or desccriptions that match a regexp."
  (interactive "sGnus description apropos (regexp): ")
  (if (not (or gnus-description-hashtb
               (gnus-read-descriptions-file)))
      (error "Couldn't request descriptions file"))
  (gnus-group-apropos regexp t))

;; Suggested by Jack Vinson <vinson@unagi.cis.upenn.edu>.
(defun gnus-group-save-newsrc ()
  "Save the Gnus startup files."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-save-newsrc-file))

(defun gnus-group-restart (&optional arg)
  "Force Gnus to read the .newsrc file."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-save-newsrc-file)
  (gnus-setup-news 'force)
  (gnus-group-list-groups (or arg 5) gnus-have-all-newsgroups))

(defun gnus-group-read-init-file ()
  "Read the Gnus elisp init file."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-read-init-file))

(defun gnus-group-check-bogus-groups ()
  "Check bogus newsgroups."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups (not gnus-expert-user))  ;Require confirmation.
  (gnus-group-list-groups 5 gnus-have-all-newsgroups))

(defun gnus-group-mail ()
  "Start composing a mail."
  (interactive)
  (mail))

(defun gnus-group-edit-global-kill ()
  "Edit a global KILL file."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-current-kill-article nil)  ;No articles selected.
  (gnus-kill-file-edit-file nil)        ;Nil stands for global KILL file.
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys
    "Editing a global KILL file (Type \\[gnus-kill-file-exit] to exit)")))

(defun gnus-group-edit-local-kill ()
  "Edit a local KILL file."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-current-kill-article nil)  ;No articles selected.
  (gnus-kill-file-edit-file (gnus-group-group-name))
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys
    "Editing a local KILL file (Type \\[gnus-kill-file-exit] to exit)")))

(defun gnus-group-force-update ()
  "Update `.newsrc' file."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-save-newsrc-file))

(defun gnus-group-suspend ()
  "Suspend the current Gnus session.
In fact, cleanup buffers except for Group Mode buffer.
The hook gnus-suspend-gnus-hook is called before actually suspending."
  (interactive)
  (run-hooks 'gnus-suspend-gnus-hook)
  ;; Kill Gnus buffers except for Group Mode buffer.
  (let ((group-buf (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer)))
    (while gnus-buffer-list
      (and (not (eq (car gnus-buffer-list) group-buf))
           (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list))
           (buffer-name (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)))
           (kill-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)))
      (setq gnus-buffer-list (cdr gnus-buffer-list)))
    (setq gnus-buffer-list (list group-buf))
    (bury-buffer group-buf)
    (delete-windows-on group-buf t)))

(defun gnus-group-clear-dribble ()
  "Clear all information from the dribble buffer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-dribble-clear))

(defun gnus-group-exit ()
  "Quit reading news after updating .newsrc.eld and .newsrc.
The hook `gnus-exit-gnus-hook' is called before actually exiting."
  (interactive)
  (if (or noninteractive                ;For gnus-batch-kill
          (zerop (buffer-size))         ;No news is good news.
          (not (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method)) ;NNTP connection closed
          (not gnus-interactive-exit)   ;Without confirmation
          gnus-expert-user
          (y-or-n-p "Are you sure you want to quit reading news? "))
      (progn
        (message "")                    ;Erase "Yes or No" question.
        (run-hooks 'gnus-exit-gnus-hook)
        (gnus-save-newsrc-file)
        (gnus-clear-system))))

(defun gnus-group-quit ()
  "Quit reading news without updating .newsrc.eld or .newsrc.
The hook `gnus-exit-gnus-hook' is called before actually exiting."
  (interactive)
  (if (or noninteractive                ;For gnus-batch-kill
          (zerop (buffer-size))
          (not (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method))
          gnus-expert-user
          (yes-or-no-p
           (format "Quit reading news without saving %s? "
                   (file-name-nondirectory gnus-current-startup-file))))
      (progn
        (message "")                    ;Erase "Yes or No" question.
        (run-hooks 'gnus-exit-gnus-hook)
        (gnus-dribble-save)
        (gnus-clear-system))))

(defun gnus-group-describe-briefly ()
  "Give a one line description of the Group mode commands."
  (interactive)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys "\\[gnus-group-read-group]:Select  \\[gnus-group-next-unread-group]:Forward  \\[gnus-group-prev-unread-group]:Backward  \\[gnus-group-exit]:Exit  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-group-describe-briefly]:This help")))

(defun gnus-group-browse-foreign-server (method)
  "Browse a foreign news server.
If called interactively, this function will ask for a select method
 (nntp, nnspool, etc.) and a server address (eg. nntp.some.where). 
If not, METHOD should be a list where the first element is the method
and the second element is the address."
  (interactive
   (list (list (completing-read "Select method: "
                                gnus-valid-select-methods
                                nil t "nntp")
               ;; Suggested by mapjph@bath.ac.uk.
               (completing-read 
                "Server name: " 
                (mapcar (lambda (server) (list server))
                        gnus-secondary-servers)))))
  (gnus-browse-foreign-server method))

\f
;;;
;;; Browse Server Mode
;;;

(defvar gnus-browse-server-mode-hook nil)
(defvar gnus-browse-server-mode-map nil)

(if gnus-browse-server-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-browse-server-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-browse-server-mode-map)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map " " 'gnus-browse-read-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "=" 'gnus-browse-read-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "n" 'gnus-group-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "p" 'gnus-group-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map [del] 'gnus-group-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "N" 'gnus-group-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "P" 'gnus-group-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\M-n" 'gnus-group-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\M-p" 'gnus-group-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map [down] 'gnus-group-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map [up] 'gnus-group-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\r" 'gnus-group-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "u" 'gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "q" 'gnus-browse-exit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "Q" 'gnus-browse-exit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-browse-quit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "?" 'gnus-browse-describe-briefly)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node)
  )

(defvar gnus-browse-current-method nil)

(defun gnus-browse-foreign-server (method)
  (setq gnus-browse-current-method method)
  (let ((gnus-select-method method)
        groups group)
    (message "Connecting to %s..." (nth 1 method))
    (if (not (gnus-request-list method))
        (error "Unable to contact server: " (gnus-status-message method)))
    (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Gnus Browse Server*"))
    (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
    (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (erase-buffer))
    (gnus-browse-server-mode)
    (setq mode-line-buffer-identification
          (format
           "(ding) Browse Server {%s:%s}" (car method) (car (cdr method))))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
      (let ((cur (current-buffer)))
        (goto-char 1)
        (while (re-search-forward 
                "\\(^[^ \t]+\\)[ \t]+[0-9]+[ \t]+[0-9]+" nil t)
          (goto-char (match-end 1))
          (setq groups (cons (cons (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
                                                     (match-end 1))
                                   (- (read cur) (read cur)))
                             groups)))))
    (setq groups (sort groups 
                       (lambda (l1 l2)
                         (string< (car l1) (car l2)))))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (while groups
        (setq group (car groups))
        (insert 
         (format "K%7d: %s\n" (cdr group) (car group)))
        (setq groups (cdr groups))))
    (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))
    (goto-char 1)
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-browse-server-mode ()
  "Major mode for reading network news."
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (setq mode-line-modified "--- ")
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-browse-server-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Browse Server")
  (setq mode-line-process nil)
  (use-local-map gnus-browse-server-mode-map)
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq truncate-lines t)
  (setq buffer-read-only t)
  (run-hooks 'gnus-browse-server-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-browse-read-group ()
  "Not implemented, and will probably never be."
  (interactive)
  (error "You can't read while browsing"))

(defun gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group (arg)
  "(Un)subscribe to the next ARG groups."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((ward (if (< arg 0) -1 1))
        (arg (abs arg)))
    (while (and (> arg 0)
                (gnus-browse-unsubscribe-group)
                (= (gnus-group-next-group ward) 0))
      (setq arg (1- arg)))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)
    (if (/= 0 arg) (message "No more newsgroups" ))
    arg))
  
(defun gnus-browse-unsubscribe-group ()
  (let ((sub nil)
        (buffer-read-only nil)
        group)
    (save-excursion
      (beginning-of-line)
      (if (= (following-char) ?K) (setq sub t))
      (re-search-forward ": \\(.*\\)$" nil t)
      (setq group 
            (concat gnus-foreign-group-prefix 
                    (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (delete-char 1)
      (if sub
          (progn
            (gnus-group-change-level 
             (list t group 3 nil nil gnus-browse-current-method) 3 9 
             (gnus-gethash (car (nth 1 gnus-newsrc-assoc)) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
             t)
            (insert ? ))
        (gnus-group-change-level group 9 3)
        (insert ?K)))
    t))

(defun gnus-browse-exit ()
  "Quit browsing and return to the Newsgroup buffer."
  (interactive)
  (if (eq major-mode 'gnus-browse-server-mode)
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
  (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
  (gnus-group-list-groups 5))

(defun gnus-browse-describe-briefly ()
  "Give a one line description of the Group mode commands."
  (interactive)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys "\\[gnus-group-next-group]:Forward  \\[gnus-group-prev-group]:Backward  \\[gnus-browse-exit]:Exit  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-browse-describe-briefly]:This help")))
      
\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Summary Mode
;;;

(defmacro gnus-summary-add (key func)
  (` (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map (, key) (, func))))

(defvar gnus-summary-raise-map nil)
(define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-raise-map)

(defvar gnus-summary-lower-map nil)
(define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-lower-map)

(if gnus-summary-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-summary-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-summary-mode-map)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-i" gnus-summary-raise-map)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-k" gnus-summary-lower-map)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-v" 'gnus-uu-ctl-map)
  (gnus-summary-add "@" 'gnus-summary-kill-below)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c " 'gnus-summary-clear-above)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c-" 'gnus-summary-tick-above)
  (gnus-summary-add "#" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-processable)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-#" 'gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\M-#" 'gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable)
  (gnus-summary-add " " 'gnus-summary-next-page)
  (gnus-summary-add "\177" 'gnus-summary-prev-page)
  (gnus-summary-add "\r" 'gnus-summary-scroll-up)
  (gnus-summary-add "n" 'gnus-summary-next-unread-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "p" 'gnus-summary-prev-unread-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "N" 'gnus-summary-next-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "P" 'gnus-summary-prev-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-n" 'gnus-summary-next-same-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-p" 'gnus-summary-prev-same-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-n" 'gnus-summary-next-digest)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-p" 'gnus-summary-prev-digest)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-n" 'gnus-summary-next-unread-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-p" 'gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "." 'gnus-summary-first-unread-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "s" 'gnus-summary-isearch-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-s" 'gnus-summary-search-article-forward)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-r" 'gnus-summary-search-article-backward)
  (gnus-summary-add "<" 'gnus-summary-beginning-of-article)
  (gnus-summary-add ">" 'gnus-summary-end-of-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "j" 'gnus-summary-goto-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "l" 'gnus-summary-goto-last-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "^" 'gnus-summary-refer-parent-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-^" 'gnus-summary-refer-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "u" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
  (gnus-summary-add "-" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
  (gnus-summary-add "U" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-backward)
  (gnus-summary-add "d" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward)
  (gnus-summary-add "D" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-u" 'gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-U" 'gnus-summary-clear-mark-backward)
  (gnus-summary-add "k" 'gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-k" 'gnus-summary-kill-same-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-threads)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-s" 'gnus-summary-show-thread)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-h" 'gnus-summary-hide-thread)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-f" 'gnus-summary-next-thread)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-b" 'gnus-summary-prev-thread)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-u" 'gnus-summary-up-thread)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-d" 'gnus-summary-down-thread)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-k" 'gnus-summary-kill-thread)
  (gnus-summary-add "&" 'gnus-summary-execute-command)
  (gnus-summary-add "c" 'gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-truncation)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-d" 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-as-read)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\M-\C-d" 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-with)
  (gnus-summary-add "x" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable)
  (gnus-summary-add "X" 'gnus-summary-unmark-as-expirable)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-x" 'gnus-summary-expire-articles)
  (gnus-summary-add [M-DEL] 'gnus-summary-delete-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "b" 'gnus-summary-set-bookmark)
  (gnus-summary-add "B" 'gnus-summary-remove-bookmark)
  (gnus-summary-add "+" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-+" 'gnus-summary-show-all-dormant)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\M-\C-s" 'gnus-summary-show-all-expunged)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-sn" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-number)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-sa" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-author)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-ss" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-sd" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-date)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-s\C-n" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-number)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-s\C-a" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-author)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-s\C-s" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-subject)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-s\C-d" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-date)
  (gnus-summary-add "=" 'gnus-summary-expand-window)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-x\C-s" 'gnus-summary-reselect-current-group)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-g" 'gnus-summary-rescan-group)
  (gnus-summary-add "w" 'gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-r" 'gnus-summary-caesar-message)
  (gnus-summary-add "g" 'gnus-summary-show-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-header)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-mime)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-d" 'gnus-summary-rmail-digest)
  (gnus-summary-add "a" 'gnus-summary-post-news)
  (gnus-summary-add "f" 'gnus-summary-followup)
  (gnus-summary-add "F" 'gnus-summary-followup-with-original)
  (gnus-summary-add "C" 'gnus-summary-cancel-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "S" 'gnus-summary-supersede-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "r" 'gnus-summary-reply)
  (gnus-summary-add "R" 'gnus-summary-reply-with-original)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-f" 'gnus-summary-mail-forward)
  (gnus-summary-add "m" 'gnus-summary-mail-other-window)
  (gnus-summary-add "o" 'gnus-summary-save-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-o" 'gnus-summary-save-article-rmail)
  (gnus-summary-add "|" 'gnus-summary-pipe-output)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-m" 'gnus-summary-move-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-\C-m" 'gnus-summary-respool-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-k" 'gnus-summary-edit-local-kill)
  (gnus-summary-add "\M-K" 'gnus-summary-edit-global-kill)
  (gnus-summary-add "V" 'gnus-version)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-d" 'gnus-summary-describe-group)
  (gnus-summary-add "q" 'gnus-summary-exit)
  (gnus-summary-add "Q" 'gnus-summary-quit)
  (gnus-summary-add "?" 'gnus-summary-describe-briefly)
  ;;(gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node)
  (gnus-summary-add [mouse-2] 'gnus-mouse-pick-article)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-x" 'gnus-kill-file-set-expunge-below)
  (gnus-summary-add "\C-c\C-m" 'gnus-kill-file-set-mark-below)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "\C-s" 
    'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "\C-a" 
    'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "\C-t" 
    'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "\C-x" 
    'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "s" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "a" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "x" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-raise-map "f" 'gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "\C-s" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "\C-a" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "\C-t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "\C-x" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "s" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "a" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "x" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "f" 'gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author)
  (gnus-summary-add "(" 'gnus-summary-lower-interest)
  (gnus-summary-add ")" 'gnus-summary-raise-interest)
  (gnus-summary-add "I" 'gnus-summary-set-interest)
  (gnus-summary-make-menu-bar))
\f

(defun gnus-summary-mode ()
  "Major mode for reading articles in this newsgroup.
All normal editing commands are switched off.
The following commands are available:

\\<gnus-summary-mode-map>
\\[gnus-summary-next-page]\t Scroll the article buffer a page forwards
\\[gnus-summary-prev-page]\t Scroll the article buffer a page backwards
\\[gnus-summary-scroll-up]\t Scroll the article buffer one line forwards
\\[gnus-summary-next-unread-article]\t Go to the next unread article
\\[gnus-summary-prev-unread-article]\t Go to the previous unread article
\\[gnus-summary-next-article]\t Go to the next article
\\[gnus-summary-prev-article]\t Go to the previous article
\\[gnus-summary-next-same-subject]\t Go to the next summary line with the same subject
\\[gnus-summary-prev-same-subject]\t Go to the previous summary line with the same subject
\\[gnus-summary-next-digest]\t Go to the next digest
\\[gnus-summary-prev-digest]\t Go to the previous digest
\\[gnus-summary-next-subject]\t Go to the next summary line
\\[gnus-summary-prev-subject]\t Go to the previous summary line
\\[gnus-summary-next-unread-subject]\t Go to the next unread summary line
\\[gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject]\t Go to the previous unread summary line
\\[gnus-summary-first-unread-article]\t Go to the first unread article
\\[gnus-summary-goto-subject]\t Go to some subject
\\[gnus-summary-goto-last-article]\t Go to the previous article

\\[gnus-summary-beginning-of-article]\t Go to the beginning of the article
\\[gnus-summary-end-of-article]\t Go to the end of the article

\\[gnus-summary-refer-parent-article]\t Get the parent of the current article from the server
\\[gnus-summary-refer-article]\t Request some article by Message-ID from the server

\\[gnus-summary-isearch-article]\t Do an interactive search on the current article
\\[gnus-summary-search-article-forward]\t Search all articles forward for a regular expression
\\[gnus-summary-search-article-backward]\t Search all articles backward for a regular expression

\\[gnus-summary-tick-article-forward]\t Tick current article and move forward
\\[gnus-summary-tick-article-backward]\t Tick current article and move backward
\\[gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward]\t Mark the current article as read and move forward
\\[gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward]\t Mark the current article as read and move backward
\\[gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward]\t Clear tick and read marks and move forward
\\[gnus-summary-clear-mark-backward]\t Clear tick and read marks and move backward
\\[gnus-summary-mark-as-processable]\t Set the process mark on the current article
\\[gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable]\t Remove the process mark from the current article
\\[gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable]\t Remove the process mark from all articles

\\[gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select]\t Kill all articles with the current subject and select the next article
\\[gnus-summary-kill-same-subject]\t Kill all articles with the current subject

\\[gnus-summary-toggle-threads]\t Toggle thread display
\\[gnus-summary-show-thread]\t Show the current thread
\\[gnus-summary-hide-thread]\t Hide the current thread
\\[gnus-summary-next-thread]\t Go to the next thread
\\[gnus-summary-prev-thread]\t Go to the previous thread
\\[gnus-summary-up-thread]\t Go up the current thread
\\[gnus-summary-down-thread]\t Descend the current thread
\\[gnus-summary-kill-thread]\t Kill the current thread
\\[gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable]\t Mark the current artivles as expirable
\\[gnus-summary-unmark-as-expirable]\t Remove the expirable mark from the current article
\\[gnus-summary-delete-marked-as-read]\t Delete all articles that are marked as read
\\[gnus-summary-delete-marked-with]\t Delete all articles that have some mark

\\[gnus-summary-execute-command]\t Execute a command
\\[gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit]\t Mark all unread articles as read and exit
\\[gnus-summary-toggle-truncation]\t Toggle truncation of summary lines
\\[gnus-summary-expand-window]\t Expand the summary window

\\[gnus-summary-sort-by-number]\t Sort the Summary buffer by article number
\\[gnus-summary-sort-by-author]\t Sort the Summary buffer by author
\\[gnus-summary-sort-by-subject]\t Sort the Summary buffer by subject
\\[gnus-summary-sort-by-date]\t Sort the Summary buffer by date

\\[gnus-summary-reselect-current-group]\t Exit and reselect the current group
\\[gnus-summary-rescan-group]\t Exit, get new articles and reselect the group
\\[gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking]\t Stop page breaking of the current article
\\[gnus-summary-caesar-message]\t Caesar rotate (rot13) the current article
\\[gnus-summary-show-article]\t Reselect the current article
\\[gnus-summary-toggle-header]\t Toggle header display
\\[gnus-summary-toggle-mime]\t Toggle whether to use MIME
\\[gnus-summary-rmail-digest]\t Use rmail digest
\\[gnus-summary-post-news]\t Post an article to the current group
\\[gnus-summary-followup]\t Post a followup to the current article
\\[gnus-summary-followup-with-original]\t Post a followup and include the original article
\\[gnus-summary-cancel-article]\t Cancel the current article
\\[gnus-summary-supersede-article]\t Supersede the current article
\\[gnus-summary-reply]\t Mail a reply to the author of the current article
\\[gnus-summary-reply-with-original]\t Mail a reply and include the current article
\\[gnus-summary-mail-forward]\t Forward the current article
\\[gnus-summary-mail-other-window]\t Mail in the other window
\\[gnus-summary-save-article]\t Save the current article
\\[gnus-summary-save-article-rmail]\t Save the current article in rmail format
\\[gnus-summary-pipe-output]\t Pipe the current article to a process
\\[gnus-summary-move-article]\t Move the article to a different newsgroup
\\[gnus-summary-respool-article]\t Respool the article
\\[gnus-summary-edit-local-kill]\t Edit the local kill file
\\[gnus-summary-edit-global-kill]\t Edit the global kill file
\\[gnus-version]\t Display the current Gnus version
\\[gnus-summary-exit]\t Exit the Summary buffer 
\\[gnus-summary-quit]\t Exit the Summary buffer without saving any changes
\\[gnus-summary-describe-group]\t Describe the current newsgroup
\\[gnus-summary-describe-briefly]\t Give a brief key overview
\\[gnus-info-find-node]\t Go to the Gnus info node

\\[gnus-kill-file-set-expunge-below]    Automatically expunge articles below LEVEL.

\\[gnus-kill-file-set-mark-below]       Automatically mark articles below LEVEL.
\\[gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-subject]\t Temporarily raise score for articles with the current subject
\\[gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-author]\t Temporarily raise score for articles from the current author
\\[gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-xref]\t Temporarily raise score for articles with the current cross-posting
\\[gnus-summary-raise-by-subject]\t Permanently raise score for articles with the current subject
\\[gnus-summary-raise-by-author]\t Permanently raise score for articles from the current author
\\[gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author]\t Permanently raise score for followups to the current author
\\[gnus-summary-raise-by-xref]\t Permanently raise score for articles with the current cross-posting
\\[gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-subject]\t Temporarily lower score for articles with the current subject
\\[gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-author]\t Temporarily lower score for articles from the current author
\\[gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-xref]\t Temporarily lower score for articles with the current cross-posting
\\[gnus-summary-lower-by-subject]\t Permanently lower score for articles with the current subject
\\[gnus-summary-lower-by-author]\t Permanently lower score for articles from the current author
\\[gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author]\t Permanently lower score for followups to the current author
\\[gnus-summary-lower-by-thread]\t Permanently lower score for articles in the current thread
\\[gnus-summary-lower-by-xref]\t Permanently lower score for articles with the current cross-posting
"
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (let ((locals gnus-summary-local-variables))
    (while locals
      (make-local-variable (car locals))
      (set (car locals) nil)
      (setq locals (cdr locals))))
  (gnus-update-format-specifications)
  (setq mode-line-modified "--- ")
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Summary")
  (make-local-variable 'minor-mode-alist)
  (or (assq 'gnus-show-threads minor-mode-alist)
      (setq minor-mode-alist
            (cons (list 'gnus-show-threads " Thread") minor-mode-alist)))
  (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
  (use-local-map gnus-summary-mode-map)
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq buffer-read-only t)             ;Disable modification
  (setq truncate-lines t)
  (setq selective-display t)
  (setq selective-display-ellipses t)   ;Display `...'
  (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-mouse-pick-article (e)
  (interactive "e")
  (mouse-set-point e)
  (gnus-summary-next-page nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-setup-buffer (group)
  "Initialize Summary buffer."
  (let ((buffer (concat "*Summary " group "*")))
    ;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>
    (setq gnus-summary-buffer (set-buffer (get-buffer-create buffer)))
    (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
    (gnus-summary-mode)))

(defun gnus-summary-insert-dummy-line (sformat subject number)
  (if (not sformat) 
      (setq sformat gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-spec))
  (let (b)
    (beginning-of-line)
    (insert (eval sformat))
    (forward-char -1)
    (setq b (point))
    (insert (format "%s Z %d 0" subject number))
    (set-text-properties b (point) '(invisible t))
    (forward-char 1)))

(defun gnus-summary-insert-line 
  (sformat header level current unread replied expirable subject-or-nil
           &optional dummy)
  (if (not sformat) 
      (setq sformat gnus-summary-line-format-spec))
  (let* ((indentation 
          (make-string (* level gnus-thread-indent-level) ? ))
         (lines (or (header-lines header) 0))
         (interest (or gnus-summary-default-interest " "))
         (replied (if replied ?R ? ))
         (expirable (if expirable ?X ? ))
         (from (header-from header))
         (name-address (gnus-extract-address-components from))
         (address (car (cdr name-address)))
         (name (or (car name-address) (car (cdr name-address))))
         (number (header-number header))
         (subject (header-subject header))
         (buffer-read-only nil)
         (opening-bracket (if dummy ?\< ?\[))
         (closing-bracket (if dummy ?\> ?\]))
         b)
    ;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <bedmonds@prodigy.bc.ca>.
    (if (not (numberp lines)) (setq lines 0))
    (beginning-of-line)
    (setq b (point))
    (insert-before-markers (eval sformat))
    (forward-char -1)
    (if (and gnus-visual gnus-mouse-face)
        (overlay-put (make-overlay b (point)) 'mouse-face gnus-mouse-face))
    ;; Info format SUBJECT INTEREST UNREAD NUMBER LEVEL
    (set-text-properties
     (prog1
         (point)
       (insert (format "%s %d %c %d %d" (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject)
                       (or gnus-summary-default-interest 5)
                       unread number level)))
     (point) '(invisible t))
    (forward-char 1)))

(defun gnus-summary-update-lines ()
  ;; Rehighlight summary buffer according to `gnus-summary-highlight'.
  (if (and gnus-visual gnus-visual-summary-update-hook)
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (while (not (eobp))
          (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)
          (forward-line 1)))))

;; Suggested by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.  
  

(defun gnus-summary-read-group (group &optional show-all no-article kill-buffer)
  "Start reading news in newsgroup GROUP.
If SHOW-ALL is non-nil, already read articles are also listed.
If NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article is selected initially."
  (message "Retrieving newsgroup: %s..." (gnus-group-real-name group))
  (gnus-summary-setup-buffer group)
  (if (gnus-select-newsgroup group show-all)
      (progn
        ;; You can change the order of subjects in this hook.
        (run-hooks 'gnus-select-group-hook)
        (gnus-summary-prepare)
        (if (and (zerop (buffer-size))
                 gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
            (gnus-summary-show-all-dormant))
        (let ((killed 
               (gnus-add-to-range 
                gnus-newsgroup-killed 
                (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                      (sort gnus-newsgroup-unreads (function <)))))
              (gnus-newsgroup-killed 
               (if gnus-kill-killed nil gnus-newsgroup-killed)))
          (if (not (consp (car killed))) (setq killed (list killed)))
          ;; Function `gnus-apply-kill-file' must be called in this hook.
          (run-hooks 'gnus-apply-kill-hook)
          (setq gnus-newsgroup-killed killed))
        (if (zerop (buffer-size))
            (progn
              ;; This newsgroup is empty.
              (gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit nil t) ;Without confirmations.
              (message "No unread news"))
          ;; Hide conversation thread subtrees.  We cannot do this in
          ;; gnus-summary-prepare-hook since kill processing may not
          ;; work with hidden articles.
          (and gnus-show-threads
               gnus-thread-hide-subtree
               (gnus-summary-hide-all-threads))
          ;; Show first unread article if requested.
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (and (not no-article)
                   gnus-auto-select-first
                   (gnus-summary-first-unread-article))
              ;; Window is configured automatically.
              ;; Current buffer may be changed as a result of hook
              ;; evaluation, especially by gnus-summary-rmail-digest
              ;; command, so we should adjust cursor point carefully.
              (if (eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
                  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))
            (gnus-configure-windows 'summary)
            (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
            (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
            (gnus-summary-position-cursor))
          (if (and kill-buffer
                   (get-buffer kill-buffer)
                   (buffer-name (get-buffer kill-buffer)))
              (kill-buffer kill-buffer))))
    ;; Cannot select newsgroup GROUP.
    (message "Couldn't select newsgroup")
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-prepare ()
  "Prepare summary list of current newsgroup in Summary buffer."
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (erase-buffer)
    (gnus-summary-prepare-threads 
          (if gnus-show-threads
              (gnus-gather-threads (gnus-make-threads))
            gnus-newsgroup-headers)
          0)
    (gnus-summary-delete-dormant)
    ;; Erase header retrieval message.
    (message "")
    ;; Call hooks for modifying Summary buffer.
    ;; Suggested by sven@tde.LTH.Se (Sven Mattisson).
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-prepare-hook)))

(defun gnus-summary-delete-dormant ()
  (let ((int gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
        (buffer-read-only nil)
        beg cur-level)
    (while int
      (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject (car int))
          (progn
            (beginning-of-line)
            (setq cur-level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
            (setq beg (point))
            (re-search-forward "[\n\r]")
            (if (<= (gnus-summary-thread-level) cur-level)
                ;; If the level of the next article is greater than the
                ;; level of this article, then it has to be the child of this
                ;; article, so we do not delete this article.
                (progn
                  (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant-subjects
                        (cons (cons (car int) (buffer-substring beg (point)))
                              gnus-newsgroup-dormant-subjects))
                  (delete-region beg (point))))))
      (setq int (cdr int)))))

(defun gnus-gather-threads (threads)
  "Gather threads that have lost their roots."
  (if (not gnus-gather-loose-threads)
      threads 
    (let ((hashtb (gnus-make-hashtable 1023))
          (prev threads)
          (result threads)
          thread subject hthread unre-subject)
      (while threads
        (setq subject (header-subject (car (car threads))))
        (if (setq hthread (gnus-gethash 
                           (setq unre-subject 
                                 (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject))
                           hashtb))
            (progn
              (if (not (stringp (car (car hthread))))
                  (setcar hthread (list subject (car hthread))))
              (setcar hthread
                      (append (car hthread) (cons (car threads) nil)))
              (setcdr prev (cdr threads))
              (setq threads prev))
          (gnus-sethash unre-subject threads hashtb))
        (setq prev threads)
        (setq threads (cdr threads)))
      result)))

(defun gnus-make-threads ()
  ;; This function takes the dependencies already made by
  ;; `gnus-get-newsgroup-headers' and builds the trees. First we go
  ;; through the dependecies in the hash table and finds all the
  ;; roots. Roots do not refer back to any valid articles. 
  (let (roots mroots)
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (refs)
       (if (not (car (symbol-value refs)))
           (setq mroots (append (cdr (symbol-value refs)) mroots))
         ;; Ok, these refer back to valid articles, but if
         ;; `gnus-thread-ignore-subject' is nil, we have to check that
         ;; the root has the same subject as its children. The children
         ;; that do not are made into roots and removed from the list
         ;; of children. 
         (or gnus-thread-ignore-subject
             (let* ((prev (symbol-value refs))
                    (subject (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                              (header-subject (car prev))))
                    (headers (cdr prev)))
               (while headers
                 (if (not (string= subject
                                   (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                                    (header-subject (car headers)))))
                     (progn
                       (setq mroots (cons (car headers) mroots))
                       (setcdr prev (cdr headers)))
                   (setq prev headers))
                 (setq headers (cdr headers)))))))
     gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)

    ;; We sort the roots according to article number. (This has to be
    ;; done because all sequencing information was lost when we built
    ;; the dependecies hash table.)
    (setq roots
          (sort
           mroots
           (lambda (h1 h2)
             (< (header-number h1) (header-number h2)))))
    ;; Now we have all the roots, so we go through all them all and
    ;; build the trees. 
    (mapcar (lambda (root) (gnus-make-sub-thread root)) roots)))

(defun gnus-make-sub-thread (root)
  ;; This function makes a sub-tree for a node in the tree.
  (let ((children (reverse (cdr (gnus-gethash (downcase (header-id root))
                                              gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)))))
    (if (not children)
        (list root)
      (cons root (mapcar 
                  (lambda (top) (gnus-make-sub-thread top)) children)))))

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defvar gnus-tmp-prev-subject "")

;; Basic ideas by Paul Dworkin <paul@media-lab.media.mit.edu>
;; Subject bug fix by jbw@bigbird.bu.edu (Joe Wells)
(defun gnus-summary-prepare-threads 
  (threads level &optional not-child no-subject)
  "Prepare Summary buffer from THREADS and indentation LEVEL.  
THREADS is either a list of `(PARENT [(CHILD1 [(GRANDCHILD ...]...) ...])'  
or a straight list of headers."
  (let (thread header number subject clevel)
    (while threads
      (setq thread (car threads)
            threads (cdr threads))
      ;; If `thread' is a cons, hierarchical threads are used.  If not,
      ;; `thread' is the header.
      (if (consp thread)
          (setq header (car thread))
        (setq header thread))
      (if (stringp header)
          ;; The header is a dummy root.
          (progn
            (cond ((eq gnus-summary-make-false-root 'adopt)
                   ;; We let the first article adopt the rest.
                   (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list (car (cdr thread))) 0)
                   (setq thread (cdr (cdr thread)))
                   (while thread
                     (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list (car thread)) 1 t)
                     (setq thread (cdr thread))))
                  ((eq gnus-summary-make-false-root 'dummy)
                   ;; We output a dummy root.
                   (gnus-summary-insert-dummy-line 
                    nil header (header-number (car (car (cdr thread)))))
                   (setq clevel 1))
                  ((eq gnus-summary-make-false-root 'empty)
                   ;; We print the articles with empty subject fields. 
                   (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list (car (cdr thread))) 0)
                   (setq thread (cdr (cdr thread)))
                   (while thread
                     (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list (car thread)) 0 nil t)
                     (setq thread (cdr thread))))
                  (t
                   ;; We do not make a root for the gathered
                   ;; sub-threads at all.  
                   (setq clevel 0)))
            ;; Print the sub-threads.
            (and (consp thread) (cdr thread)
                 (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (cdr thread) clevel)))
        ;; The header is a real article.
        (setq number (header-number header)
              subject (header-subject header)
              gnus-tmp-prev-subject subject)
        (gnus-summary-insert-line
         nil header level nil 
         (cond ((memq number gnus-newsgroup-marked) ?-)
               ((memq number gnus-newsgroup-dormant) ?+)
               ((memq number gnus-newsgroup-unreads) ? )
               (t ?D))
         (memq number gnus-newsgroup-replied)
         (memq number gnus-newsgroup-expirable)
         (if no-subject gnus-summary-same-subject
           (if (or (zerop level)
                   (and gnus-thread-ignore-subject
                        (not (string= 
                              (gnus-simplify-subject-re gnus-tmp-prev-subject)
                              (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject)))))
               subject
             gnus-summary-same-subject))
         not-child)
        ;; Recursively print subthreads.
        (and (consp thread) (cdr thread)
             (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (cdr thread) (1+ level)))))))

(defun gnus-select-newsgroup (group &optional show-all)
  "Select newsgroup GROUP.
If SHOW-ALL is non-nil, all articles in the group are selected."
  (let* ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
         (real-group (gnus-group-real-name group))
         (info (nth 2 entry))
         articles header-marks)

    (if (eq (car entry) t)
        (or (if (nth 4 info) 
                (gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroup info)
              (gnus-activate-newsgroup (car info)))
            (error "Couldn't request newsgroup %s" group)))
    (setq gnus-current-select-method (or (nth 4 info)
                                         gnus-select-method))
    (gnus-check-news-server (nth 4 info))
    (if (not (gnus-request-group group t))
        (error "Couldn't request newsgroup %s" group))

    (setq gnus-newsgroup-name group)
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected nil)
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads (gnus-list-of-unread-articles group))
    (cond 
     ((or show-all
          ;; Check whether there are only dormant articles in this newsgroup. 
          (= (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
             (length (cdr (assq 'dormant (nth 3 info))))))
      ;; Select all active articles.
      (setq articles (gnus-uncompress-sequence 
                      (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))))
     (t
      ;; Select unread articles only.
      (setq articles gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
    ;; Require confirmation if selecting large newsgroup.
    (if (not (numberp gnus-large-newsgroup))
        nil
      (let ((number (length articles))
            selected break)
        (if (> number gnus-large-newsgroup)
            (progn
              (condition-case ()
                  (let ((input
                         (read-string
                          (format
                           "How many articles from %s (default %d): "
                           gnus-newsgroup-name number))))
                    (setq selected
                          (if (string-equal input "")
                              number (string-to-int input))))
                (quit
                 (setq selected 0)))
              (if (< (abs selected) number)
                  (progn
                    (cond 
                     ((< selected 0) 
                      ;; Select the N oldest articles.
                      (setq articles (copy-sequence articles))
                      (setq break (nthcdr (1- (abs selected)) articles))
                      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected 
                            (gnus-intersection
                             (cdr break)
                             gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                      (setcdr break nil))
                     ((> selected 0)
                      ;; Select the N most recent articles.
                      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected  
                            (copy-sequence articles))
                      (setq break (nthcdr (- number (1+ selected))
                                          gnus-newsgroup-unselected))
                      (setq articles (cdr break))
                      (setcdr break nil)
                      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected
                            (gnus-intersection
                             gnus-newsgroup-unselected
                             gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
                     
                     (t
                      ;; Select no articles.
                      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected articles)
                      (setq articles nil)))))))
        ))
    (if (not articles)
        nil
      ;; Create the list of headers from the headers.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers 
            (if (eq (gnus-retrieve-headers articles gnus-newsgroup-name) 'nov)
                (progn
                  (gnus-get-newsgroup-headers-xover articles))
              (gnus-get-newsgroup-headers)))
      ;; Remove cancelled articles from the list of unread articles.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
            (gnus-intersection gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                               (mapcar
                                (lambda (headers)
                                  (header-number headers))
                                gnus-newsgroup-headers)))
      ;; Ticked articles must be a subset of unread articles.
      (if info
          (progn
            (gnus-adjust-marked-articles info)
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked (cdr (assq 'tick (nth 3 info))))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-replied (cdr (assq 'reply (nth 3 info))))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable (cdr (assq 'expire (nth 3 info))))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-killed (cdr (assq 'killed (nth 3 info))))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks (cdr (assq 'bookmark (nth 3 info))))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant (cdr (assq 'dormant (nth 3 info))))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable nil)))
      ;; Check whether auto-expire is to be done in this group.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire
            (and (stringp gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups)
                 (string-match gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups real-group)))
      ;; First and last article in this newsgroup.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-begin
            (if gnus-newsgroup-headers
                (header-number (car gnus-newsgroup-headers))
              0))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-end
            (if gnus-newsgroup-headers
                (header-number (gnus-last-element gnus-newsgroup-headers))
              0))
      ;; File name of the last saved article.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail nil)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-mail nil)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-folder nil)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-file nil)
      ;; Reset article pointers etc.
      (setq gnus-current-article nil)
      (setq gnus-current-headers nil)
      (setq gnus-have-all-headers nil)
      (setq gnus-last-article nil)
      (setq gnus-xref-hashtb nil)
      (setq gnus-reffed-article-number -1)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number nil)
      ;; Update the format specifiers.
      (gnus-update-format-specifications)
      ;; GROUP is successfully selected.
      t)))

(defun gnus-adjust-marked-articles (info)
  "Remove all marked articles that are no longer legal."
  (let ((marked-lists (nth 3 info))
        (active (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-active-hashtb))
        marked m prev)
    ;; There are four types of marked articles - ticked, replied,
    ;; expirable and dormant.  
    (while marked-lists
      (setq m (cdr (setq prev (car marked-lists))))
      (cond ((or (eq 'tick (car prev)) (eq 'dormant (car prev)))
             ;; Make sure that all ticked articles are a subset of the
             ;; unread/unselected articles.
             (while m
               (if (or (memq (car m) gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
                       (memq (car m) gnus-newsgroup-unselected))
                   (setq prev m)
                 (setcdr prev (cdr m)))
               (setq m (cdr m))))
            ((eq 'bookmark (car prev))
             ;; Bookmarks should be a subset of active articles.
             (while m
               (if (< (car (car m)) (car active))
                   (setcdr prev (cdr m))
                 (setq prev m))
               (setq m (cdr m))))
            ((eq 'killed (car prev))
             ;; Articles that have been through the kill process are
             ;; to be a subset of active articles.
             (while (and m (< (cdr (car m)) (car active)))
               (setcdr prev (cdr m)))
             (if (and m (< (car (car m)) (car active))) 
                 (setcar (car m) (car active))))
            ((or (eq 'reply (car marked)) (eq 'expire (car marked)))
             ;; The replied and expirable articles have to be articles
             ;; that are active. 
             (while m
               (if (< (car m) (car active))
                   (setcdr prev (cdr m))
                 (setq prev m))
               (setq m (cdr m)))))
      (setq marked-lists (cdr marked-lists)))
    ;; Remove all lists that are empty.
    (setq marked-lists (nth 3 info))
    (if marked-lists
        (progn
          (while (= 1 (length (car marked-lists)))
            (setq marked-lists (cdr marked-lists)))
          (setq m (cdr (setq prev marked-lists)))
          (while m
            (if (= 1 (length (car m)))
                (setcdr prev (cdr m))
              (setq prev m))
            (setq m (cdr m)))
          (setcar (nthcdr 3 info) marked-lists)))
    ;; Finally, if there are no marked lists at all left, and if there
    ;; are no elements after the lists in the info list, we just chop
    ;; the info list off before the marked lists.
    (if (and (null marked-lists) (not (nthcdr 4 info)))
        (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info) nil)))
  info)

(defun gnus-set-marked-articles 
  (info ticked replied expirable killed dormant bookmark) 
  "Enter the various lists of marked articles into the newsgroup info list."
  (let (newmarked)
    (if ticked
        (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'tick ticked) nil)))
    (if replied 
        (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'reply replied) newmarked)))
    (if expirable 
        (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'expire expirable) newmarked)))
    (if killed
        (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'killed killed) newmarked)))
    (if dormant
        (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'dormant dormant) newmarked)))
    (if bookmark
        (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'bookmark bookmark) newmarked)))
    (if (nthcdr 3 info)
        (if newmarked
            (setcar (nthcdr 3 info) newmarked)
          (if (not (nthcdr 4 info))
              (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info) nil)
            (setcar (nthcdr 3 info) nil)))
      (if newmarked
          (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info) (cons newmarked nil))))))

(defun gnus-set-mode-line (where)
  "This function sets the mode line of the Article or Summary buffers.
If WHERE is `summary', the summary mode line format will be used."
  (if (memq where gnus-updated-mode-lines)
      (let (mode-string)
        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
          (let* ((mformat (if (eq where 'article) 
                              gnus-article-mode-line-format-spec
                            gnus-summary-mode-line-format-spec))
                 (group-name gnus-newsgroup-name)
                 (article-number (or gnus-current-article 0))
                 (unread (- (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
                            (length gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))
                 (unselected (length gnus-newsgroup-unselected))
                 (unread-and-unselected
                  (cond ((and (zerop unread) (zerop unselected)) "")
                        ((zerop unselected) (format "{%d more}" unread))
                        (t (format "{%d(+%d) more}" unread unselected))))
                 (subject
                  (if gnus-current-headers
                      (header-subject gnus-current-headers) ""))
                 (max-len (if (eq where 'summary) 45 52)))
            (setq mode-string (eval mformat))
            (if (> (length mode-string) max-len) 
                (setq mode-string 
                      (concat (substring mode-string 0 (- max-len 4)) "...")))
            (setq mode-string (format (format "%%-%ds" max-len) mode-string))))
        (setq mode-line-buffer-identification mode-string)
        (set-buffer-modified-p t))))

(defun gnus-create-xref-hashtb (from-newsgroup headers unreads)
  "Go through the HEADERS list and add all Xrefs to a hash table.
The resulting hash table is returned, or nil if no Xrefs were found."
  (let ((prefix (if (and 
                     (string-match gnus-foreign-group-prefix from-newsgroup)
                     (not (eq 'nnvirtual (car gnus-current-select-method))))
                    gnus-foreign-group-prefix))
        (xref-hashtb (make-vector 63 0))
        start group entry number xrefs header)
    (while headers
      (setq header (car headers))
      (if (and (setq xrefs (header-xref header))
               (not (memq (header-number header) unreads)))
          (progn
            (setq start 0)
            (while (string-match "\\([^ :]+\\):\\([0-9]+\\)" xrefs start)
              (setq start (match-end 0))
              (setq group (concat prefix (substring xrefs (match-beginning 1) 
                                            (match-end 1))))
              (setq number 
                    (string-to-int (substring xrefs (match-beginning 2) 
                                              (match-end 2))))
              (if (setq entry (gnus-gethash group xref-hashtb))
                  (setcdr entry (cons number (cdr entry)))
                (gnus-sethash group (cons number nil) xref-hashtb)))))
      (setq headers (cdr headers)))
    (if start xref-hashtb nil)))

(defun gnus-mark-xrefs-as-read (from-newsgroup headers unreads)
  "Look through all the headers and mark the Xrefs as read."
  (let (name entry read info xref-hashtb idlist active num range)
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (if (setq xref-hashtb 
              (gnus-create-xref-hashtb from-newsgroup headers unreads))
        (mapatoms 
         (lambda (group)
           (if (string= from-newsgroup (setq name (symbol-name group)))
               ()
             (setq idlist (symbol-value group))
             ;; Dead groups are not updated.
             (if (and (setq entry (gnus-gethash name gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
                      ;; Only do the xrefs if the group has the same
                      ;; select method as the group we have just read.
                      (or (and (not (nth 4 (setq info (nth 2 entry))))
                               (eq gnus-current-select-method
                                   gnus-select-method))
                          (eq (car gnus-current-select-method) 'nnvirtual)
                          (equal (nth 4 info) 
                                 gnus-current-select-method)))
                 (progn
                   (setq num 0)
                   ;; Set the new list of read articles in this group.
                   (setq active (gnus-gethash name gnus-active-hashtb))
                   ;; First peel off all illegal article numbers.
                   (if active
                       (let ((id idlist))
                         (while id
                           (if (or (> (car id) (cdr active))
                                   (< (car id) (car active)))
                               (setq idlist (delq (car id) idlist)))
                           (setq id (cdr id)))))
                   (setcar (nthcdr 2 info)
                           (setq range
                                 (gnus-add-to-range 
                                  (nth 2 info) 
                                  (setq idlist (sort idlist '<)))))
                   ;; Then we have to re-compute how many unread
                   ;; articles there are in this group.
                   (if active
                       (progn
                         (if (atom (car range))
                             (if (not range)
                                 (setq num (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active)))
                               (setq num (- (cdr active) (- (1+ (cdr range)) 
                                                            (car range)))))
                           (while range
                             (setq num (+ num (- (1+ (cdr (car range))) 
                                                 (car (car range)))))
                             (setq range (cdr range)))
                           (setq num (- (cdr active) num)))
                         ;; Update the number of unread articles.
                         (setcar entry (max 0 num))
                         ;; Update the Newsgroup buffer.
                         (gnus-group-update-group name t)))))))
         xref-hashtb))))

(defsubst gnus-header-value ()
  (buffer-substring (match-end 0) (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point))))

;; Felix Lee function with jwz rewrites (and some lmi rewrites to boot).
;; Goes through the newsgroups headers and returns a list of arrays:
(defun gnus-get-newsgroup-headers ()
  (setq gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook nil)
  (save-excursion
    (let ((cur nntp-server-buffer)
          (dependencies (gnus-make-hashtable (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
          (none-id 0)
          headers header subject from char c article unreads in-reply-to
          references end-header id dep ref end)
      (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
      (goto-char 1)
      (while (re-search-forward "^[23][0-9]+ \\([0-9]+\\)" nil t)
        (setq from nil
              subject nil
              in-reply-to nil
              references nil
              ref nil
              header (make-vector 9 nil)
              c (following-char))
        (goto-char (match-beginning 1))
        (header-set-number 
         header (setq article (read cur)))
        (setq end-header (save-excursion (search-forward "\n.\n" nil t)))
        (while (re-search-forward "^\\(from\\|subject\\|message-id\\|date\\|lines\\|xref\\|references\\|in-reply-to\\): "
                                   end-header t)
          (beginning-of-line)
          (setq char (downcase (following-char))) 
          (cond
           ((eq char ?s)
            (header-set-subject header 
                                (setq subject (gnus-header-value))))
           ((eq char ?f)
            (header-set-from header (setq from (gnus-header-value))))
           ((eq char ?x)
            (header-set-xref header (gnus-header-value)))
           ((eq char ?l)
            (header-set-lines header 
                                   (string-to-int (gnus-header-value))))
           ((eq char ?d)
            (header-set-date header (gnus-header-value)))
           ((eq char ?m)
            (header-set-id header (setq id (gnus-header-value))))
           ((eq char ?r)
            (setq references (gnus-header-value))
            (setq end (match-end 0))
            (save-excursion
              (setq ref 
                    (downcase
                     (buffer-substring
                      (progn 
                        (end-of-line)
                        (search-backward ">" end t)
                        (1+ (point)))
                      (progn
                        (search-backward "<" end t)
                        (point)))))))
           ((eq char ?i)
            (setq in-reply-to (gnus-header-value))))
          (forward-line 1))
        (if references
            (header-set-references header references)
          (and in-reply-to
               (string-match "<[^>]+>" in-reply-to)
               (header-set-references 
                header
                (setq ref (downcase (substring in-reply-to (match-beginning 0)
                                               (match-end 0)))))))
        (or subject (header-set-subject header "(none)"))
        (or from (header-set-from header "(nobody)"))
        ;; We build the thread tree.
        (if (boundp 
             (setq dep 
                   (intern 
                    (downcase
                     (or id
                         (concat "none+" (int-to-string 
                                          (setq none-id (1+ none-id))))))
                    dependencies)))
            (setcar (symbol-value dep) header)
          (set dep (list header)))
        (if (boundp (setq dep (intern (or ref "none") dependencies)))
            (setcdr (symbol-value dep) 
                    (cons header (cdr (symbol-value dep))))
          (set dep (list nil header)))
        (setq headers (cons header headers))
        (forward-line -1)
        (search-forward "\n.\n" nil t))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-dependencies dependencies)
      (nreverse headers))))

;; The following macros and functions were written by Felix Lee
;; <flee@cse.psu.edu>. 

;; This is almost 4x faster than (string-to-int (buffer-substring ... ))
;; primarily because of garbage collection.  -jwz
(defmacro gnus-read-integer (&optional point move-p)
  (` ((, (if move-p 'progn 'save-excursion))
      (,@ (if point (list (list 'goto-char point))))
      (if (and (<= (following-char) ?9)
               (>= (following-char) ?0))
          (read (current-buffer))
        0))))

(defmacro gnus-nov-skip-field ()
  '(search-forward "\t" eol 'end))

(defmacro gnus-nov-field ()
  '(buffer-substring
    (point)
    (progn (gnus-nov-skip-field) (1- (point)))))

;; Goes through the xover lines and returns a list of vectors
(defun gnus-get-newsgroup-headers-xover (sequence)
  "Parse the news overview data in the server buffer, and return a
list of headers that match SEQUENCE (see `nntp-retrieve-headers')."
  ;; Get the Xref when the users reads the articles since most/some
  ;; NNTP servers do not include Xrefs when using XOVER.
  (setq gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook '(gnus-article-get-xrefs))
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
    (let ((cur (current-buffer))
          (dependencies (gnus-make-hashtable (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
          (none 0)
          number header headers eol header id ref dep)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (and sequence (not (eobp)))
        (setq number (read cur))
        (while (and sequence (< (car sequence) number))
          (setq sequence (cdr sequence)))
        (and sequence 
             (eq number (car sequence))
             (progn
               (setq sequence (cdr sequence))
               (save-excursion
                 (end-of-line)
                 (setq eol (point)))
               (forward-char)
               ;; overview: [num subject from date id refs chars lines misc]
               (setq header
                     (vector 
                      number           ; number
                      (gnus-nov-field) ; subject
                      (gnus-nov-field) ; from
                      (gnus-nov-field) ; date
                      (setq id (gnus-nov-field)) ; id
                      (progn
                        (save-excursion
                          (let ((beg (point)))
                          (search-forward "\t" eol)
                          (if (search-backward ">" beg t)
                              (setq ref 
                                    (downcase 
                                     (buffer-substring 
                                      (1+ (point))
                                      (progn
                                        (search-backward "<" beg t)
                                        (point)))))
                            (setq ref nil))))
                        (gnus-nov-field)) ; refs
                      (read cur)       ; chars
                      (read cur)       ; lines
                      (if (/= (following-char) ?\t)
                          nil
                        (forward-char 1)
                        (gnus-nov-field)) ; misc
                      ))
               ;; We build the thread tree.
               (if (boundp 
                    (setq dep 
                          (intern 
                           (downcase 
                            (or id (concat "none+"
                                           (int-to-string 
                                            (setq none (1+ none))))))
                           dependencies)))
                   (setcar (symbol-value dep) header)
                 (set dep (list header)))
               (if (boundp (setq dep (intern (or ref "none") dependencies)))
                   (setcdr (symbol-value dep) 
                           (cons header (cdr (symbol-value dep))))
                 (set dep (list nil header)))
               (setq headers (cons header headers))))
        (forward-line 1))
      (setq headers (nreverse headers))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-dependencies dependencies)
      headers)))

(defun gnus-article-get-xrefs ()
  "Fill in the Xref value in `gnus-current-headers', if necessary.
This is meant to be called in `gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook'."
  (or (not gnus-use-cross-reference)
      (let ((case-fold-search t)
            xref)
        (save-restriction
          (gnus-narrow-to-headers)
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (or (and (eq (downcase (following-char)) ?x)
                       (looking-at "Xref:"))
                  (search-forward "\nXref:" nil t))
              (progn
                (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))
                (setq xref (buffer-substring (point) 
                                             (progn (end-of-line) (point))))
                (save-excursion
                  (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                  (header-set-xref gnus-current-headers xref))))))))

(defalias 'gnus-find-header-by-number 'gnus-get-header-by-number)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-find-header-by-number 'gnus-get-header-by-number)

;; Return a header specified by a NUMBER.
(defun gnus-get-header-by-number (number)
  (or gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
      (gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number))
  (gnus-gethash (int-to-string number)
                gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number))

(defun gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number ()
  "Make hashtable for the variable gnus-newsgroup-headers by number."
  (let ((header nil)
        (headers gnus-newsgroup-headers))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
          (gnus-make-hashtable (length headers)))
    (while headers
      (setq header (car headers))
      (gnus-sethash (int-to-string (header-number header))
                    header gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)
      (setq headers (cdr headers))
      )))

(defun gnus-more-header-backward ()
  "Find new header backward."
  (let ((first (car (gnus-gethash gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-active-hashtb)))
        (artnum gnus-newsgroup-begin)
        (header nil))
    (while (and (not header)
                (> artnum first))
      (setq artnum (1- artnum))
      (setq header (gnus-read-header artnum)))
    header))

(defun gnus-more-header-forward ()
  "Find new header forward."
  (let ((last (cdr (gnus-gethash gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-active-hashtb)))
        (artnum gnus-newsgroup-end)
        (header nil))
    (while (and (not header)
                (< artnum last))
      (setq artnum (1+ artnum))
      (setq header (gnus-read-header artnum)))
    header))

(defun gnus-extend-newsgroup (header &optional backward)
  "Extend newsgroup selection with HEADER.
Optional argument BACKWARD means extend toward backward."
  (if header
      (let ((artnum (header-number header)))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers
              (if backward
                  (cons header gnus-newsgroup-headers)
                (nconc gnus-newsgroup-headers (list header))))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected
              (delq artnum gnus-newsgroup-unselected))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-begin (min gnus-newsgroup-begin artnum))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-end (max gnus-newsgroup-end artnum)))))


(defun gnus-summary-search-group (&optional backward use-level)
  "Search for next unread newsgroup.
If optional argument BACKWARD is non-nil, search backward instead."
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (save-excursion
      ;; We don't want to alter current point of Group mode buffer.
      (if (gnus-group-search-forward 
           backward nil 
           (if use-level (gnus-group-group-level) nil))
          (gnus-group-group-name))
      )))

(defun gnus-summary-search-subject (&optional backward unread subject)
  "Search for article forward.
If BACKWARD is non-nil, search backward.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected.
If SUBJECT is non-nil, the article which has the same subject will be
searched for." 
  (let ((func
         (if backward
             (function re-search-backward) (function re-search-forward)))
        ;; We have to take care of hidden lines.
        (regexp 
         (if subject 
             (format "%s [-0-9]+ %s \\([-0-9 ]+\\) [0-9]+[\n\r]"
                     (regexp-quote (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject))
                     (if unread gnus-unread-mark "."))
           (if unread (concat "^[" gnus-unread-mark "]") "^."))))
    (if backward
        (beginning-of-line)
      (end-of-line))
    (prog1
        (if (funcall func regexp nil t)
            (progn
              (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
              (gnus-summary-article-number))
          nil)
      ;; Adjust cursor point.
      (gnus-summary-position-cursor))))

(defun gnus-summary-search-forward (&optional unread subject backward)
  "Search for article forward.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected.
If SUBJECT is non-nil, the article which has the same subject will be
searched for. 
If BACKWARD is non-nil, the search will be performed backwards instead."
  (gnus-summary-search-subject backward unread subject))

(defun gnus-summary-search-backward (&optional unread subject)
  "Search for article backward.
If 1st optional argument UNREAD is non-nil, only unread article is selected.
If 2nd optional argument SUBJECT is non-nil, the article which has
the same subject will be searched for."
  (gnus-summary-search-forward unread subject t))

(defun gnus-summary-article-number (&optional number-or-nil)
  "The article number of the article on the current line.
If there isn's an article number here, then we return the current
article number."
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (if (re-search-forward " [-0-9]+ [0-9]+[\n\r]" nil t)
        (progn
          ;; jwz: this is faster than string-to-int/buffer-substring
          (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
          (read (current-buffer)))
        ;; We return the current if we couldn't find anything.
        (if number-or-nil nil gnus-current-article))))

(defun gnus-summary-thread-level ()
  "The thread level of the article on the current line."
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (if (re-search-forward " [0-9]+[\n\r]" nil t)
        (progn
          (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
          (read (current-buffer)))
      ;; We return zero if we couldn't find anything.
      0)))

(defun gnus-summary-article-mark ()
  "The mark on the current line."
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (if (re-search-forward ". [-0-9]+ [0-9]+[\n\r]" nil t)
        (char-after (match-beginning 0)))))

(defun gnus-summary-subject-string ()
  "Return current subject string or nil if nothing."
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (if (re-search-forward " [-0-9]+ . [-0-9]+ [0-9]+[\n\r]" nil t)
        (let ((beg (previous-property-change (match-beginning 0)))
              (end (match-beginning 0))
              (buffer-read-only nil))
          (set-text-properties beg end nil)
          (prog1
              (buffer-substring beg end)
            (set-text-properties beg end '(invisible t))))
      nil)))

(defun gnus-summary-interest ()
  "Return current article interest."
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (if (re-search-forward " [-0-9]+ . [-0-9]+ [0-9]+[\n\r]" nil t)
        (progn
          (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
          (read (current-buffer)))
      ;; We return zero if we couldn't find anything.
      0)))

(defun gnus-summary-recenter ()
  "Center point in Summary window."
  ;; Scroll window so as to cursor comes center of Summary window
  ;;  only when article is displayed.
  ;; Suggested by earle@mahendo.JPL.NASA.GOV (Greg Earle).
  ;; Recenter only when requested.
  ;; Subbested by popovich@park.cs.columbia.edu
  (and gnus-auto-center-summary
       (get-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer)
       (< (/ (- (window-height) 1) 2)
          (count-lines (point) (point-max)))
       (recenter (/ (- (window-height) 2) 2))))

(defun gnus-summary-jump-to-group (newsgroup)
  "Move point to NEWSGROUP in Group mode buffer."
  ;; Keep update point of Group mode buffer if visible.
  (if (eq (current-buffer)
          (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
      (save-window-excursion
        ;; Take care of tree window mode.
        (if (get-buffer-window gnus-group-buffer)
            (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
        (gnus-group-jump-to-group newsgroup))
    (save-excursion
      ;; Take care of tree window mode.
      (if (get-buffer-window gnus-group-buffer)
          (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
        (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
      (gnus-group-jump-to-group newsgroup))))

;; This function returns a list of article numbers based on the
;; difference between the ranges of read articles in this group and
;; the range of active articles.
(defun gnus-list-of-unread-articles (group)
  (let* ((read (nth 2 (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
         (active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
         (last (cdr active))
         unread first nlast unread)
    ;; If none are read, then all are unread. 
    (if (not read)
          (setq first (car active))
      ;; If the range of read articles is a single range, then the
      ;; first unread article is the article after the last read
      ;; article. Sounds logical, doesn't it?
      (if (atom (car read))
          (setq first (1+ (cdr read)))
        ;; `read' is a list of ranges.
        (while read
          (if first 
              (while (< first nlast)
                (setq unread (cons first unread))
                (setq first (1+ first))))
          (setq first (1+ (cdr (car read))))
          (setq nlast (car (car (cdr read))))
          (setq read (cdr read)))))
    ;; And add the last unread articles.
    (while (<= first last)
      (setq unread (cons first unread))
      (setq first (1+ first)))
    ;; Return the list of unread articles.
    (nreverse unread)))


;; Gnus Summary mode commands.

;; Various summary commands

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-truncation (arg)
  "Toggle truncation of summary lines.
With arg, turn line truncation on iff arg is positive."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq truncate-lines
        (if (null arg) (not truncate-lines)
          (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
  (redraw-display))

(defun gnus-summary-reselect-current-group (show-all)
  "Once exit and then reselect the current newsgroup.
Prefix argument SHOW-ALL means to select all articles."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((current-subject (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (gnus-summary-exit t)
    ;; We have to adjust the point of Group mode buffer because the
    ;; current point was moved to the next unread newsgroup by
    ;; exiting.
    (gnus-summary-jump-to-group gnus-newsgroup-name)
    (gnus-group-read-group show-all t)
    (gnus-summary-goto-subject current-subject)
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-rescan-group (all)
  "Exit the newsgroup, ask for new articles, and select the newsgroup."
  (interactive "P")
  ;; Fix by Ilja Weis <kult@uni-paderborn.de>.
  (let ((group gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (gnus-summary-exit t)
    (gnus-summary-jump-to-group group)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group 1))
    (gnus-summary-jump-to-group group)
    (gnus-group-read-group all)))

(defun gnus-summary-exit (&optional temporary)
  "Exit reading current newsgroup, and then return to group selection mode.
gnus-exit-group-hook is called with no arguments if that value is non-nil."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-kill-save-kill-buffer)
  (let ((group gnus-newsgroup-name)
        (mode major-mode)
        (buf (current-buffer)))
    (let ((updated nil)
          (headers gnus-newsgroup-headers)
          (unreads gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
          (unselected (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected
                            (sort gnus-newsgroup-unselected '<)))
          (ticked gnus-newsgroup-marked))
      ;; Important internal variables are saved, so we can reenter
      ;; the Summary buffer even if the hook changes them.
      (run-hooks 'gnus-exit-group-hook)
      (gnus-update-read-articles group unreads unselected ticked
                                 t gnus-newsgroup-replied
                                 gnus-newsgroup-expirable
                                 gnus-newsgroup-killed
                                 gnus-newsgroup-dormant
                                 gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)
      ;; t means ignore unsubscribed newsgroups.
      (if gnus-use-cross-reference
          (gnus-mark-xrefs-as-read group headers unreads))
      ;; Do not switch windows but change the buffer to work.
      (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (gnus-group-update-group group))
    ;; Make sure where I was, and go to next newsgroup.
    (gnus-group-jump-to-group group)
;    (gnus-group-next-unread-group 1)
    (if temporary
        ;; If exiting temporary, caller should adjust Group mode
        ;; buffer point by itself.
        nil                             ;Nothing to do.
      ;; Return to Group mode buffer.
      (if (and (get-buffer buf) 
               (eq mode 'gnus-summary-mode))
          (kill-buffer buf))
      (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
          (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
      (setq gnus-current-select-method gnus-select-method)
      (gnus-configure-windows 'newsgroups t)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer))))

(defun gnus-summary-quit ()
  "Quit reading current newsgroup without updating read article info."
  (interactive)
  (if (y-or-n-p "Do you really wanna quit reading this group? ")
      (progn
        (message "")                    ;Erase "Yes or No" question.
        ;; Return to Group selection mode.
        (if (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
            (bury-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
        (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
            (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
        (gnus-configure-windows 'newsgroups)
        (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
        (gnus-group-jump-to-group gnus-newsgroup-name) ;Make sure where I was.
        (gnus-group-next-group 1))))

;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-summary-describe-group ()
  "Describe the current newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-group-describe-group gnus-newsgroup-name))

(defun gnus-summary-describe-briefly ()
  "Describe Summary mode commands briefly."
  (interactive)
  (message
    (substitute-command-keys "\\[gnus-summary-next-page]:Select  \\[gnus-summary-next-unread-article]:Forward  \\[gnus-summary-prev-unread-article]:Backward  \\[gnus-summary-exit]:Exit  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-summary-describe-briefly]:This help")))

;; Walking around Group mode buffer from Summary mode.

(defun gnus-summary-next-group (&optional no-article group)
  "Exit current newsgroup and then select next unread newsgroup.
If prefix argument NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article is selected initially."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((ingroup gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (gnus-summary-exit t)               ;Update all information.
    (gnus-group-jump-to-group ingroup)
    (let ((group (or group (gnus-summary-search-group)))
          (buf gnus-summary-buffer))
      (if (null group)
          (gnus-summary-quit)
        (message "Selecting %s..." group)
        ;; We are now in Group mode buffer.
        ;; Make sure Group mode buffer point is on GROUP.
        (gnus-group-jump-to-group group)
        (gnus-summary-read-group group nil no-article buf)))))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-group (no-article)
  "Exit current newsgroup and then select previous unread newsgroup.
If prefix argument NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article is selected initially."
  (interactive "P")
  ;; Make sure Group mode buffer point is on current newsgroup.
  (gnus-summary-jump-to-group gnus-newsgroup-name)
  (let ((group (gnus-summary-search-group t)))
    (if (null group)
        (progn
          (message "Exiting %s..." gnus-newsgroup-name)  
          (gnus-summary-exit)
          (message ""))
      (message "Selecting %s..." group)
      (gnus-summary-exit t)             ;Exit Summary mode temporary.
      ;; We are now in Group mode buffer.
      ;; We have to adjust point of Group mode buffer because current
      ;; point is moved to next unread newsgroup by exiting.
      (gnus-summary-jump-to-group group)
      (gnus-summary-read-group group nil no-article)
      (or (eq (current-buffer)
              (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
          (eq gnus-auto-select-next t)
          ;; Expected newsgroup has nothing to read since the articles
          ;; are marked as read by cross-referencing. So, try next
          ;; newsgroup. (Make sure we are in Group mode buffer now.)
          (and (eq (current-buffer)
                   (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
               (gnus-summary-search-group t)
               (gnus-summary-read-group
                (gnus-summary-search-group t) nil no-article))
          )
      )))

;; Walking around summary lines.

(defun gnus-summary-first-subject (unread)
  "Go to the first unread subject.
If UNREAD is non-nil, go to the first unread article.
Returns nil if there are no unread articles."
  (let ((begin (point)))
    (goto-char 1)
    (if (re-search-forward 
         (concat (if unread " " ".") " [-0-9]+ [0-9]+[\n\r]") nil t)
        (progn
          (forward-char -1)
          ;; Fix by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
          (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
          t)
      ;; If there is no unread articles, stay where you are.
      (goto-char begin)
      (message "No more unread articles")
      nil)))

(defun gnus-summary-next-subject (n &optional unread)
  "Go to next N'th summary line.
If N is negative, go to the previous N'th subject line.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected.
The difference between N and the actual number of steps taken is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-summary-search-forward unread nil backward))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (gnus-summary-recenter)
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more%s articles" (if unread " unread" "")))
;  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
 n))

(defun gnus-summary-next-unread-subject (n)
  "Go to next N'th unread summary line."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-subject n t))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-subject (n &optional unread)
  "Go to previous N'th summary line.
If optional argument UNREAD is non-nil, only unread article is selected."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-subject (- n) unread))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject (n)
  "Go to previous N'th unread summary line."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-subject (- n) t))

(defun gnus-summary-goto-subject (article)
  "Go the subject line of ARTICLE."
  (interactive
   (list
    (string-to-int
     (completing-read "Article number: "
                      (mapcar
                       (lambda (headers)
                         (list
                          (int-to-string (header-number headers))))
                       gnus-newsgroup-headers)
                      nil 'require-match))))
  (if (not article)
      (error "No article number"))
  (if (or (eq article (gnus-summary-article-number t))
          (let ((org (point)))
            (goto-char 1)
            (if (re-search-forward 
                 (format "[^Z] %d [0-9]+[\n\r]" article) nil t)
                (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
              (goto-char org)
              nil)))
      (progn
        (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
        article)))

;; Walking around summary lines with displaying articles.

(defun gnus-summary-expand-window ()
  "Expand Summary window to show headers full window."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-configure-windows 'summary)
  (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))

(defun gnus-summary-display-article (article &optional all-header)
  "Display ARTICLE in Article buffer."
  (setq gnus-summary-buffer (current-buffer))
  (if (null article)
      nil
    (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
    (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (gnus-article-prepare article all-header)
    (if (= (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z) 
        (progn
          (forward-line 1)
          (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))
    (gnus-summary-recenter)
    (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
    (run-hooks 'gnus-select-article-hook)
    ;; Successfully display article.
    t))

(defun gnus-summary-select-article (&optional all-headers force)
  "Select the current article.
Optional first argument ALL-HEADERS is non-nil, show all header fields.
Optional second argument FORCE is nil, the article is only selected
again when current header does not match with ALL-HEADERS option."
  (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number))
        (all-headers (not (not all-headers)))) ;Must be T or NIL.
    (if (or (null gnus-current-article)
            (null gnus-article-current)
            (/= article (cdr gnus-article-current))
            (not (equal (car gnus-article-current) gnus-newsgroup-name))
            force)
        ;; The requested article is different from the current article.
        (gnus-summary-display-article article all-headers)
      (if all-headers
          (gnus-article-show-all-headers))
      (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))))

(defun gnus-summary-set-current-mark (&optional current-mark)
  "Obsolete function."
  nil)

(defun gnus-summary-next-article (unread &optional subject)
  "Select the article after the current one.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((header nil))
    (cond ((gnus-summary-display-article
            (gnus-summary-search-forward unread subject)))
          ((and subject
                gnus-auto-select-same
                (gnus-set-difference gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                                     (append gnus-newsgroup-marked
                                             gnus-newsgroup-dormant))
                (memq this-command
                      '(gnus-summary-next-unread-article
                        gnus-summary-next-page
                        gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select
                        ;;gnus-summary-next-article
                        ;;gnus-summary-next-same-subject
                        ;;gnus-summary-next-unread-same-subject
                        )))
           ;; Wrap article pointer if there are unread articles.
           ;; Hook function, such as gnus-summary-rmail-digest, may
           ;; change current buffer, so need check.
           (let ((buffer (current-buffer))
                 (last-point (point)))
             ;; No more articles with same subject, so jump to the first
             ;; unread article.
             (gnus-summary-first-unread-article)
             ;;(and (eq buffer (current-buffer))
             ;; (= (point) last-point)
             ;; ;; Ignore given SUBJECT, and try again.
             ;; (gnus-summary-next-article unread nil))
             (and (eq buffer (current-buffer))
                  (< (point) last-point)
                  (message "Wrapped"))
             ))
          ((and gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup
                (not unread)            ;Not unread only
                (not subject)           ;Only if subject is not specified.
                (setq header (gnus-more-header-forward)))
           ;; Extend to next article if possible.
           ;; Basic ideas by himacdonald@watdragon.waterloo.edu
           (gnus-extend-newsgroup header nil)
           ;; Threads feature must be turned off.
           (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
             (goto-char (point-max))
             (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list header) 0))
           (gnus-summary-goto-article gnus-newsgroup-end))
          (t
           ;; Select next newsgroup automatically if requested.
           (gnus-summary-jump-to-group gnus-newsgroup-name)
           (let ((cmd (aref (this-command-keys) 0))
                 (group (gnus-summary-search-group nil gnus-keep-same-level))
                 (auto-select
                  (and gnus-auto-select-next
                       ;;(null (gnus-set-difference gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                       ;;                               gnus-newsgroup-marked))
                       (memq this-command
                             '(gnus-summary-next-unread-article
                               gnus-summary-next-article
                               gnus-summary-next-page
                               gnus-summary-next-same-subject
                               gnus-summary-next-unread-same-subject
                               gnus-summary-kill-same-subject
                               gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select
                               ))
                       ;; Ignore characters typed ahead.
                       (not (input-pending-p))
                       )))
             ;; Keep just the event type of CMD.
             (if (listp cmd)
                 (setq cmd (car cmd)))
             (message "No more%s articles%s"
                      (if unread " unread" "")
                      (if (and auto-select
                               (not (eq gnus-auto-select-next 'quietly)))
                          (if group
                              (format " (Type %s for %s [%s])"
                                      (single-key-description cmd)
                                      group
                                      (car (gnus-gethash 
                                            group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
                            (format " (Type %s to exit %s)"
                                    (single-key-description cmd)
                                    gnus-newsgroup-name))
                        ""))
             ;; Select next unread newsgroup automagically.
             (cond ((and auto-select
                         (eq gnus-auto-select-next 'quietly))
                    ;; Select quietly.
                    (gnus-summary-next-group))
                   (auto-select
                    ;; Confirm auto selection.
                    (let* ((event (read-event))
                           (type
                            (if (listp event)
                                (car event)
                              event)))
                      (if (and (eq event type) (eq event cmd))
                          (gnus-summary-next-group)
                        (setq unread-command-events (list event)))))
                   )
             ))
          )))

(defun gnus-summary-next-unread-article ()
  "Select unread article after current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-next-article t (and gnus-auto-select-same
                                    (gnus-summary-subject-string)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-article (unread &optional subject)
  "Select article before current one.
If argument UNREAD is non-nil, only unread article is selected."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((header nil))
    (cond ((gnus-summary-display-article
            (gnus-summary-search-backward unread subject)))
          ((and subject
                gnus-auto-select-same
                (gnus-set-difference gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                                     (append gnus-newsgroup-marked
                                             gnus-newsgroup-dormant))
                (memq this-command
                      '(gnus-summary-prev-unread-article
                        ;;gnus-summary-prev-page
                        ;;gnus-summary-prev-article
                        ;;gnus-summary-prev-same-subject
                        ;;gnus-summary-prev-unread-same-subject
                        )))
           ;; Ignore given SUBJECT, and try again.
           (gnus-summary-prev-article unread nil))
          (unread
           (message "No more unread articles"))
          ((and gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup
                (not subject)           ;Only if subject is not specified.
                (setq header (gnus-more-header-backward)))
           ;; Extend to previous article if possible.
           ;; Basic ideas by himacdonald@watdragon.waterloo.edu
           (gnus-extend-newsgroup header t)
           (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
             (goto-char (point-min))
             (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list header) 0))
           (gnus-summary-goto-article gnus-newsgroup-begin)
           (gnus-summary-position-cursor))
          (t
           (message "No more articles"))
          )))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-unread-article ()
  "Select unred article before current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-prev-article t (and gnus-auto-select-same
                                    (gnus-summary-subject-string))))

(defun gnus-summary-next-page (lines &optional circular)
  "Show next page of selected article.
If end of article, select next article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled up.
If CIRCULAR is non-nil, go to the start of the article instead of 
instead of selecting the next article when reaching the end of the
current article." 
  (interactive "P")
  (setq gnus-summary-buffer (current-buffer))
  (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number))
        (endp nil))
    (if (or (null gnus-current-article)
            (null gnus-article-current)
            (/= article (cdr gnus-article-current))
            (not (equal (car gnus-article-current) gnus-newsgroup-name)))
        ;; Selected subject is different from current article's.
          (gnus-summary-display-article article)
      (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
        (setq endp (gnus-article-next-page lines)))
      (if endp
          (cond (circular
                 (gnus-summary-beginning-of-article))
                (lines
                 (message "End of message"))
                ((null lines)
                 (gnus-summary-next-unread-article))))
      (gnus-summary-position-cursor))))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-page (lines)
  "Show previous page of selected article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled down."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (if (or (null gnus-current-article)
            (null gnus-article-current)
            (/= article (cdr gnus-article-current))
            (not (equal (car gnus-article-current) gnus-newsgroup-name)))
        ;; Selected subject is different from current article's.
        (gnus-summary-display-article article)
      (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
        (gnus-article-prev-page lines))
      (gnus-summary-position-cursor))))

(defun gnus-summary-scroll-up (lines)
  "Scroll up (or down) one line current article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled up (or down if negative)."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
    (cond ((> lines 0)
           (if (gnus-article-next-page lines)
               (message "End of message")))
          ((< lines 0)
           (gnus-article-prev-page (- 0 lines))))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-next-same-subject ()
  "Select next article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-next-article nil (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-same-subject ()
  "Select previous article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-prev-article nil (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-next-unread-same-subject ()
  "Select next unread article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-next-article t (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-unread-same-subject ()
  "Select previous unread article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-prev-article t (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-first-unread-article ()
  "Select the first unread article. 
Return nil if there are no unread articles."
  (interactive)
  (if (gnus-summary-first-subject t)
      (gnus-summary-display-article (gnus-summary-article-number))))

(defun gnus-summary-goto-article (article &optional all-headers)
  "Fetch ARTICLE and display it if it exists.
If ALL-HEADERS is non-nil, no header lines are hidden."
  (interactive
   (list
    (string-to-int
     (completing-read "Article number: "
                      (mapcar
                       (lambda (headers)
                         (list
                          (int-to-string (header-number headers))))
                       gnus-newsgroup-headers)
                      nil 'require-match))))
  (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
      (gnus-summary-display-article article all-headers)))

(defun gnus-summary-goto-last-article ()
  "Go to last subject line."
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-last-article
      (gnus-summary-goto-article gnus-last-article)))


;; Summary article oriented commands

(defun gnus-summary-refer-parent-article ()
  "Refer parent article of current article."
  (interactive)
  (let ((ref (header-references (gnus-get-header-by-number
                                 (gnus-summary-article-number))))
        parent)
    (if (or (not ref) (equal ref ""))
        (error "No references in this article"))
    (and (string-match "<[^<>]*>[ \t]*$" ref)
         (setq parent 
               (substring ref (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))))
    (if (stringp parent)
        (gnus-summary-refer-article parent)
      (error "Possibly malformed references"))))

(defun gnus-summary-refer-article (message-id)
  "Refer article specified by MESSAGE-ID.
NOTE: This command only works with newsgroup that use NNTP."
  (interactive "sMessage-ID: ")
  ;; Make sure that this command depends on the fact that article
  ;; related information is not updated when an article is retrieved
  ;; by Message-ID.
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)       ;Request all headers.
  (if (and (stringp message-id)
           (> (length message-id) 0))
      (let ((current (header-id gnus-current-headers)))
        (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
         gnus-article-buffer
         ;; Construct the correct Message-ID if necessary.
         ;; Suggested by tale@pawl.rpi.edu.
         (or (string-match "^<" message-id)
             (setq message-id (concat "<" message-id)))
         (or (string-match ">$" message-id)
             (setq message-id (concat message-id ">"))))))
  (if (and (stringp message-id)
           (gnus-article-prepare message-id nil (gnus-read-header message-id)))
      (progn
        (gnus-summary-insert-line 
         nil gnus-current-headers 0 nil ?D nil nil 
         (header-subject gnus-current-headers))
        (forward-line -1)
        (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
        (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)
        message-id)
    (error "No such references")))

(defun gnus-summary-next-digest (nth)
  "Move to head of NTH next digested message."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
    (gnus-article-next-digest (or nth 1))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-digest (nth)
  "Move to head of NTH previous digested message."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
    (gnus-article-prev-digest (or nth 1))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-rmail-digest ()
  "Run RMAIL on current digest article.
gnus-select-digest-hook will be called with no arguments, if that
value is non-nil. It is possible to modify the article so that Rmail
can work with it.
gnus-rmail-digest-hook will be called with no arguments, if that value
is non-nil. The hook is intended to customize Rmail mode."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (require 'rmail)
  (let ((artbuf gnus-article-buffer)
        (digbuf (get-buffer-create gnus-digest-buffer))
        (mail-header-separator ""))
    (set-buffer digbuf)
    (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
    (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
    (setq buffer-read-only nil)
    (erase-buffer)
    (insert-buffer-substring artbuf)
    (run-hooks 'gnus-select-digest-hook)
    (gnus-convert-article-to-rmail)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    ;; Rmail initializations.
    (rmail-insert-rmail-file-header)
    (rmail-mode)
    (rmail-set-message-counters)
    (rmail-show-message)
    (condition-case ()
        (progn
          (undigestify-rmail-message)
          (rmail-expunge)               ;Delete original message.
          ;; File name is meaningless but `save-buffer' requires it.
          (setq buffer-file-name "Gnus Digest")
          (setq mode-line-buffer-identification
                (concat "Digest: "
                        (header-subject gnus-current-headers)))
          ;; There is no need to write this buffer to a file.
          (make-local-variable 'write-file-hooks)
          (setq write-file-hooks
                (list (lambda ()
                        (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
                        (message "(No changes need to be saved)")
                        'no-need-to-write-this-buffer)))
          ;; Default file name saving digest messages.
          (setq rmail-default-rmail-file
                (funcall gnus-rmail-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                         gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail))
          (setq rmail-default-file
                (funcall gnus-mail-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                         gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-mail))
          ;; Prevent generating new buffer named ***<N> each time.
          (setq rmail-summary-buffer
                (get-buffer-create gnus-digest-summary-buffer))
          (run-hooks 'gnus-rmail-digest-hook)
          ;; Take all windows safely.
          (gnus-configure-windows '(1 0 0))
          (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
          ;; Use Summary Article windows for Digest summary and
          ;; Digest buffers.
          (if gnus-digest-show-summary
              (let ((gnus-summary-buffer gnus-digest-summary-buffer)
                    (gnus-article-buffer gnus-digest-buffer))
                (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
                (pop-to-buffer gnus-digest-buffer)
                (rmail-summary)
                (pop-to-buffer gnus-digest-summary-buffer)
                (message (substitute-command-keys
                          "Type \\[rmail-summary-quit] to return to Gnus")))
            (let ((gnus-summary-buffer gnus-digest-buffer))
              (gnus-configure-windows 'summary)
              (pop-to-buffer gnus-digest-buffer)
              (message (substitute-command-keys
                        "Type \\[rmail-quit] to return to Gnus")))
            )
          ;; Move the buffers to the end of buffer list.
          (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
          (bury-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
          (bury-buffer gnus-digest-summary-buffer)
          (bury-buffer gnus-digest-buffer))
      (error (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
             (kill-buffer digbuf)
             ;; This command should not signal an error because the
             ;; command is called from hooks.
             (ding) (message "Article is not a digest")))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-isearch-article ()
  "Do incremental search forward on current article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
                              (isearch-forward)))

(defun gnus-summary-search-article-forward (regexp)
  "Search for an article containing REGEXP forward.
gnus-select-article-hook is not called during the search."
  (interactive
   (list (read-string
          (concat "Search forward (regexp): "
                  (if gnus-last-search-regexp
                      (concat "(default " gnus-last-search-regexp ") "))))))
  (if (string-equal regexp "")
      (setq regexp (or gnus-last-search-regexp ""))
    (setq gnus-last-search-regexp regexp))
  (if (gnus-summary-search-article regexp nil)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
        (recenter 0)
        ;;(sit-for 1)
        )
    (error "Search failed: \"%s\"" regexp)
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-search-article-backward (regexp)
  "Search for an article containing REGEXP backward.
gnus-select-article-hook is not called during the search."
  (interactive
   (list (read-string
          (concat "Search backward (regexp): "
                  (if gnus-last-search-regexp
                      (concat "(default " gnus-last-search-regexp ") "))))))
  (if (string-equal regexp "")
      (setq regexp (or gnus-last-search-regexp ""))
    (setq gnus-last-search-regexp regexp))
  (if (gnus-summary-search-article regexp t)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
        (recenter 0)
        ;;(sit-for 1)
        )
    (error "Search failed: \"%s\"" regexp)
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-search-article (regexp &optional backward)
  "Search for an article containing REGEXP.
Optional argument BACKWARD means do search for backward.
gnus-select-article-hook is not called during the search."
  (let ((gnus-select-article-hook nil)  ;Disable hook.
        (gnus-mark-article-hook nil)    ;Inhibit marking as read.
        (re-search
         (if backward
             (function re-search-backward) (function re-search-forward)))
        (found nil)
        (last nil))
    ;; Hidden thread subtrees must be searched for ,too.
    (gnus-summary-show-all-threads)
    ;; First of all, search current article.
    ;; We don't want to read article again from NNTP server nor reset
    ;; current point.
    (gnus-summary-select-article)
    (message "Searching article: %d..." gnus-current-article)
    (setq last gnus-current-article)
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
      (save-restriction
        (widen)
        ;; Begin search from current point.
        (setq found (funcall re-search regexp nil t))))
    ;; Then search next articles.
    (while (and (not found)
                (gnus-summary-display-article 
                 (gnus-summary-search-subject backward nil nil)))
      (message "Searching article: %d..." gnus-current-article)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
        (save-restriction
          (widen)
          (goto-char (if backward (point-max) (point-min)))
          (setq found (funcall re-search regexp nil t)))
        ))
    (message "")
    ;; Adjust article pointer.
    (or (eq last gnus-current-article)
        (setq gnus-last-article last))
    ;; Return T if found such article.
    found
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-execute-command (field regexp command &optional backward)
  "If FIELD of article header matches REGEXP, execute a COMMAND string.
If FIELD is an empty string (or nil), entire article body is searched for.
If optional (prefix) argument BACKWARD is non-nil, do backward instead."
  (interactive
   (list (let ((completion-ignore-case t))
           (completing-read "Field name: "
                            '(("Number")("Subject")("From")
                              ("Lines")("Date")("Id")
                              ("Xref")("References"))
                            nil 'require-match))
         (read-string "Regexp: ")
         (read-key-sequence "Command: ")
         current-prefix-arg))
  ;; Hidden thread subtrees must be searched for ,too.
  (gnus-summary-show-all-threads)
  ;; We don't want to change current point nor window configuration.
  (save-excursion
    (save-window-excursion
      (message "Executing %s..." (key-description command))
      ;; We'd like to execute COMMAND interactively so as to give arguments.
      (gnus-execute field regexp
                    (` (lambda ()
                         (call-interactively '(, (key-binding command)))))
                    backward)
      (message "Executing %s... done" (key-description command)))))

(defun gnus-summary-beginning-of-article ()
  "Scroll the article back to the beginning."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
    (widen)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (if gnus-break-pages
        (gnus-narrow-to-page))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-end-of-article ()
  "Scroll to the end of the article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
    (widen)
    (goto-char (point-max))
    (if gnus-break-pages
        (gnus-narrow-to-page))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-show-article ()
  "Force re-fetching of the current article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article gnus-have-all-headers t))

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-header (arg)
  "Show the headers if they are hidden, or hide them if they are shown.
If ARG is a positive number, show the entire header.
If ARG is a negative number, hide the unwanted header lines."
  (interactive "P")
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (if (numberp arg) 
          (if (> arg 0) (remove-text-properties 1 (point-max) '(invisible t))
            (if (< arg 0) (run-hooks 'gnus-article-display-hook)))
        (if (text-property-any 1 (point-max) 'invisible t)
            (remove-text-properties 1 (point-max) '(invisible t))
          (run-hooks 'gnus-article-display-hook))))))

(defun gnus-summary-show-all-headers ()
  "Make all header lines visible."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-article-show-all-headers))

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-mime (arg)
  "Toggle MIME processing.
If ARG is a positive number, turn MIME processing on."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq gnus-show-mime
        (if (null arg) (not gnus-show-mime)
          (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
  (gnus-summary-select-article t 'force))

(defun gnus-summary-caesar-message (rotnum)
  "Caesar rotates all letters of current message by 13/47 places.
With prefix arg, specifies the number of places to rotate each letter forward.
Caesar rotates Japanese letters by 47 places in any case."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-overload-functions)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      ;; We don't want to jump to the beginning of the message.
      ;; `save-excursion' does not do its job.
      (move-to-window-line 0)
      (let ((last (point)))
        (news-caesar-buffer-body rotnum)
        (goto-char last)
        (recenter 0)
        ))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking ()
  "Stop page breaking in the current article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer (widen)))

;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <bedmonds@prodigy.bc.ca>.

(defun gnus-summary-move-article (n &optional to-newsgroup select-method)
  "Move the current article to a different newsgroup.
If N is a positive number, move the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, move the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
move those articles instead.
If TO-NEWSGROUP is string, do not prompt for a newsgroup to move to. 
If SELECT-METHOD is symbol, do not move to a specific newsgroup, but
re-spool using this method.
For this function to work, both the current newsgroup and the
newsgroup that you want to move to have to support the `request-move'
and `request-accept' functions. (Ie. mail newsgroups at present.)"
  (interactive "P")
  (or (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-move-article gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (error "The current newsgroup does not support article moving"))
  (let (articles art-group)
    (if (and n (numberp n))
        (let ((backward (< n 0))
              (n (abs n)))
          (save-excursion
            (while (and (> n 0)
                        (setq articles (cons (gnus-summary-article-number) 
                                             articles))
                        (gnus-summary-search-forward nil nil backward))
              (setq n (1- n))))
          (setq articles (sort articles (function <))))
      (setq articles (or (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable
                               (sort gnus-newsgroup-processable (function <)))
                         (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))))
    (if (and (not to-newsgroup) (not select-method))
        (setq to-newsgroup
              (completing-read 
               (format "Where do you want to move %s? "
                       (if (> (length articles) 1)
                           (format "these %d articles" (length articles))
                         "this article"))
               gnus-active-hashtb nil t)))
    (or (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-accept-article 
                                     (or select-method to-newsgroup))
        (error "%s does not support article moving" to-newsgroup))
    (message "Moving to %s: %s..." (or select-method to-newsgroup) articles)
    (while articles
      (if (setq art-group
                (gnus-request-move-article 
                 (car articles)
                 gnus-newsgroup-name (nth 1 gnus-current-select-method)
                 (list 'gnus-request-accept-article 
                       (or select-method to-newsgroup))))
          (let* ((buffer-read-only nil)
                 (entry (or
                         (gnus-gethash (car art-group) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                         (gnus-gethash (concat gnus-foreign-group-prefix
                                               (car art-group) )
                                       gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
                 (info (nth 2 entry))
                 (article (car articles))
                 (marked (nth 3 info)))
            (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
            (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                           (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))
            (if (not (memq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                (setcar (cdr (cdr info))
                        (gnus-add-to-range (nth 2 info) 
                                           (list (cdr art-group)))))
            ;; !!! Here one should copy all the marks over to the new
            ;; newsgroup, but I couldn't be bothered. nth on that!
            )
        (message "Couldn't move article %s" (car articles)))
      (setq articles (cdr articles)))))

(defun gnus-summary-respool-article (n &optional respool-method)
  "Respool the current article.
The article will be squeezed through the mail spooling process again,
which means that it will be put in some mail newsgroup or other
depending on `nnmail-split-methods'.
If N is a positive number, respool the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, respool the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
respool those articles instead.
For this function to work, both the current newsgroup and the
newsgroup that you want to move to have to support the `request-move'
and `request-accept' functions. (Ie. mail newsgroups at present.)"
  (interactive "P")
  (or respool-method
      (setq respool-method
            (completing-read
             "What method do you want to use when respooling? "
             (gnus-methods-using 'respool) nil t)))
  (gnus-summary-move-article n nil respool-method))

;; Summary interest commands.

;; Suggested by boubaker@cenatls.cena.dgac.fr.

(defun gnus-summary-raise-interest (n)
  "Raise the interest of the current article by N."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-set-interest (+ (gnus-summary-interest) n)))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-interest (n)
  "Lower the interest of the current article by N."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-raise-interest (- n)))

(defun gnus-summary-set-interest (n)
  "Set the interest of the current article to N."
  (interactive "p")
  ;; Skip dummy header line.
  (save-excursion
    (if (= (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z) (forward-line 1))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
          beg)
      ;; Set visible interest.
      (beginning-of-line)
      (forward-char 3)
      (delete-char 1)
      (insert (int-to-string (max 1 (min 9 n))))
      ;; Set invisible interest.
      (re-search-forward " [-0-9]+ . [-0-9]+ [0-9]+[\n\r]")
      (goto-char (1+ (match-beginning 0)))
      (delete-region (setq beg (point)) (progn (search-forward " ") 
                                               (forward-char -1)
                                               (point)))
      (insert (int-to-string n))
      (set-text-properties beg (point) '(invisible t)))
    (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)))

(defmacro gnus-raise (field expression level)
  (` (gnus-kill (, field) (, expression)
                (function (gnus-summary-raise-interest (, level))) t)))

(defmacro gnus-lower (field expression level)
  (` (gnus-kill (, field) (, expression)
             (function (gnus-summary-raise-interest (- (, level)))) t)))

;; Summary marking commands.

(defun gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select (unmark)
  "Mark articles which has the same subject as read, and then select the next.
If UNMARK is positive, remove any kind of mark.
If UNMARK is negative, tick articles."
  (interactive "P")
  (if unmark
      (setq unmark (prefix-numeric-value unmark)))
  (let ((count
         (gnus-summary-mark-same-subject
          (gnus-summary-subject-string) unmark)))
    ;; Select next unread article. If auto-select-same mode, should
    ;; select the first unread article.
    (gnus-summary-next-article t (and gnus-auto-select-same
                                      (gnus-summary-subject-string)))
    (message "%d articles are marked as %s"
             count (if unmark "unread" "read"))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-kill-same-subject (unmark)
  "Mark articles which has the same subject as read. 
If UNMARK is positive, remove any kind of mark.
If UNMARK is negative, tick articles."
  (interactive "P")
  (if unmark
      (setq unmark (prefix-numeric-value unmark)))
  (let ((count
         (gnus-summary-mark-same-subject
          (gnus-summary-subject-string) unmark)))
    ;; If marked as read, go to next unread subject.
    (if (null unmark)
        ;; Go to next unread subject.
        (gnus-summary-next-subject 1 t))
    (message "%d articles are marked as %s"
             count (if unmark "unread" "read"))
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-same-subject (subject &optional unmark)
  "Mark articles with same SUBJECT as read, and return marked number.
If optional argument UNMARK is positive, remove any kinds of marks.
If optional argument UNMARK is negative, mark articles as unread instead."
  (let ((count 1))
    (save-excursion
      (cond ((null unmark)
             (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-killed-mark))
            ((> unmark 0)
             (gnus-summary-tick-article nil t))
            (t
             (gnus-summary-tick-article)))
      (while (and subject
                  (gnus-summary-search-forward nil subject))
        (cond ((null unmark)
               (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-killed-mark))
              ((> unmark 0)
               (gnus-summary-tick-article nil t))
              (t
               (gnus-summary-tick-article)))
        (setq count (1+ count))
        ))
    ;; Hide killed thread subtrees.  Does not work properly always.
    ;;(and (null unmark)
    ;;     gnus-thread-hide-killed
    ;;     (gnus-summary-hide-thread))
    ;; Return number of articles marked as read.
    count
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-processable (n &optional unmark)
  "Set the process mark on the next N articles.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  If UNMARK is non-nil, remove
the process mark instead.  The difference between N and the actual
number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (if unmark
                  (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark 
                   (gnus-summary-article-number))
                (gnus-summary-set-process-mark 
                 (gnus-summary-article-number)))
              (= 0 (gnus-summary-next-subject (if backward -1 1))))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more articles"))
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable (n)
  "Remove the process mark from the next N articles.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  The difference between N and
the actual number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-as-processable n t))

(defun gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable ()
  "Remove the process mark from all articles."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (while gnus-newsgroup-processable
      (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car gnus-newsgroup-processable))))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable (n &optional unmark)
  "Mark N articles forward as expirable.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  If UNMARK is non-nil, remove
the expirably mark instead.  The difference between N and the actual
number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (if unmark
                  (gnus-summary-remove-expirable-mark 
                   (gnus-summary-article-number))
                (gnus-summary-set-expirable-mark 
                 (gnus-summary-article-number)))
              (= 0 (gnus-summary-next-subject (if backward -1 1))))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more articles"))
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-unmark-as-expirable (n)
  "Mark N articles forward as expirable.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  The difference between N and
the actual number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable n t))

(defun gnus-summary-set-expirable-mark (article)
  "Mark the current article as expirable and update the Summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable (cons article gnus-newsgroup-expirable))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (if (= (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z) (forward-line 1))
          (beginning-of-line)
          (forward-char 2)
          (delete-char 1)
          (insert "X")
          (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-remove-expirable-mark (article)
  "Remove the expirable mark from ARTICLE as expirable and update the Summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable (delq article gnus-newsgroup-expirable))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (if (= (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z) (forward-line 1))
          (beginning-of-line)
          (forward-char 2)
          (delete-char 1)
          (insert 
           (if (memq article gnus-newsgroup-processable) ?# ? ))
          (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)   
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-expire-articles ()
  "Expire all articles that are marked as expirable in the current group."
  (interactive)
  (if (and gnus-newsgroup-expirable
           (gnus-check-backend-function 
            'gnus-request-expire-articles gnus-newsgroup-name))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable 
            (gnus-request-expire-articles gnus-newsgroup-expirable
                                          gnus-newsgroup-name))))

;; Suggested by Jack Vinson <vinson@unagi.cis.upenn.edu>.
(defun gnus-summary-delete-article (n)
  "Delete the N next (mail) articles.
This command actually deletes articles. This is not a marking
command. The article will disappear forever from you life, never to
return. 
If N is negative, delete backwards.
If N is nil and articles have been marked with the process mark,
delete these instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (or (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-expire-articles 
                                   gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (error "The current newsgroup does not support article deletion."))
  ;; Compute the list of articles to delete.
  (let (articles)
    (if (and n (numberp n))
        (let ((backward (< n 0))
              (n (abs n)))
          (save-excursion
            (while (and (> n 0)
                        (setq articles (cons (gnus-summary-article-number) 
                                             articles))
                        (gnus-summary-search-forward nil nil backward))
              (setq n (1- n))))
          (setq articles (sort articles (function <))))
      (setq articles (or (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable
                               (sort gnus-newsgroup-processable (function <)))
                         (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))))
    (if (and gnus-novice-user
             (not (y-or-n-p 
                   (format "Do you really want to delete %s forever?"
                           (if (> (length articles) 1) "these articles"
                             "this article")))))
        ()
      ;; Delete the articles.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable 
            (gnus-request-expire-articles 
             articles gnus-newsgroup-name 'force)))))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-article-as-replied (article)
  "Mark ARTICLE replied and update the Summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-replied (cons article gnus-newsgroup-replied))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (beginning-of-line)
          (forward-char 1)
          (delete-char 1)
          (insert "R")
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-set-bookmark (article)
  "Set a bookmark in current article."
  (interactive (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))
  (if (or (not (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
          (not gnus-current-article)
          (not gnus-article-current)
          (not (equal gnus-newsgroup-name (car gnus-article-current))))
      (error "No current article selected"))
  ;; Remove old bookmark, if one exists.
  (let ((old (assq article gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)))
    (if old (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks 
                  (delq old gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks))))
  ;; Set the new bookmark, which is on the form 
  ;; (article-number . line-number-in-body).
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks 
        (cons 
         (cons article 
               (save-excursion
                 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
                 (count-lines
                  (min (point)
                       (save-excursion
                         (goto-char 1)
                         (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
                         (point)))
                  (point))))
         gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks))
  (message "A bookmark has been added to the current article."))

(defun gnus-summary-remove-bookmark (article)
  "Remove the bookmark from the current article."
  (interactive (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))
  ;; Remove old bookmark, if one exists.
  (let ((old (assq article gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)))
    (if old 
        (progn
          (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks 
                (delq old gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks))
          (message "Removed bookmark."))
      (message "No bookmark in current article."))))

;; Suggested by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.
(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant (n)
  "Mark N articles forward as dormant.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  The difference between N and
the actual number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-dormant-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-set-process-mark (article)
  "Set the process mark on ARTICLE and update the Summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable (cons article gnus-newsgroup-processable))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (if (= (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z) (forward-line 1))
          (beginning-of-line)
          (forward-char 2)
          (delete-char 1)
          (insert "#")
          (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (article)
  "Remove the process mark from ARTICLE and update the Summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable (delq article gnus-newsgroup-processable))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (if (= (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z) (forward-line 1))
          (beginning-of-line)
          (forward-char 2)
          (delete-char 1)
          (insert 
           (if (memq article gnus-newsgroup-expirable) ?X ? ))
          (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-forward (n &optional unread)
  "Mark N articles as read forwards.
If N is negative, mark backwards instead.
If UNREAD is non-nil, mark articles as unread. In that case, UNREAD
must either be \" \", \"-\" or \"I\".
The difference between N and the actual number of articles marked is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-summary-mark-article nil unread)
              (= 0 (gnus-summary-next-subject (if backward -1 1))))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more %sarticles" (if unread "" "unread ")))
  (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-article (&optional article mark)
  "Mark ARTICLE with MARK.
MARK can be any string (but it should just be one character long). 
Four MARK strings are reserved: \" \" (unread), 
\"-\" (ticked), \"I\" (dormant), \"D\" (read).
If MARK is nil, then the default string \"D\" is used.
If ARTICLE is nil, then the article on the current line will be
marked." 
  (let* ((buffer-read-only nil)
         (mark (or mark "D"))
         (article (or article (gnus-summary-article-number))))
    (if (numberp mark) (setq mark (format "%c" mark)))
    (prog1
        (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
            (progn
              (gnus-summary-show-thread)
              (beginning-of-line)
              (if (= (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z) (forward-line 1))
              ;; Fix the invisible mark.
              (re-search-forward ". [-0-9]+ [0-9]+[\n\r]")
              (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
              (delete-char 1)
              (insert mark)
              (set-text-properties (1- (point)) (point) '(invisible t))
              ;; Fix the visible mark.
              (beginning-of-line)
              (delete-char 1)
              (insert mark)
              (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-update-hook)
              t))
      (if (or (string= mark gnus-unread-mark) 
              (string= mark gnus-ticked-mark) 
              (string= mark gnus-dormant-mark))
          (gnus-mark-article-as-unread article mark)
        (gnus-mark-article-as-read article)))))

(defun gnus-mark-article-as-read (article)
  "Remember that ARTICLE is marked as read."
  ;; Make the article expirable.
  (if gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire
    (gnus-summary-set-expirable-mark article))
  ;; Remove from unread and marked list.
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
        (delq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked
        (delq article gnus-newsgroup-marked))
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant
        (delq article gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))

(defun gnus-mark-article-as-unread (article &optional mark)
  "Remember that ARTICLE is marked as unread.
MARK is the mark type: \" \", \"-\" or \"I\"."
  ;; Add to unread list.
  (or (memq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
            (cons article gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
  ;; Update the expired list.
  (gnus-summary-remove-expirable-mark article)
  ;; If CLEAR-MARK is non-nil, the article must be removed from marked
  ;; list.  Otherwise, it must be added to the list.
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked
        (delq article gnus-newsgroup-marked))
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant
        (delq article gnus-newsgroup-dormant))
  (if (equal mark gnus-ticked-mark)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked 
            (cons article gnus-newsgroup-marked)))
  (if (equal mark gnus-dormant-mark)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant 
            (cons article gnus-newsgroup-dormant))))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-forward 
  'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-forward 
               'gnus-summary-tick-article--forward)
(defun gnus-summary-tick-article-forward (n)
  "Tick N articles forwards.
If N is negative, tick backwards instead.
The difference between N and the number of articles ticked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-ticked-mark))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-backward 'gnus-summary-tick-article-backward)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-backward 'gnus-summary-tick-article-backward)
(defun gnus-summary-tick-article-backward (n)
  "Tick N articles backwards.
The difference between N and the number of articles ticked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward (- n) gnus-ticked-mark))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread 'gnus-summary-tick-article)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread 'gnus-summary-tick-article)
(defun gnus-summary-tick-article (&optional article clear-mark)
  "Mark current article as unread.
Optional 1st argument ARTICLE specifies article number to be marked as unread.
Optional 2nd argument CLEAR-MARK remove any kinds of mark."
  (gnus-summary-mark-article article (if clear-mark gnus-unread-mark
                                       gnus-ticked-mark)))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward (n)
  "Mark N articles as read forwards.
If N is negative, mark backwards instead.
The difference between N and the actual number of articles marked is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward (n)
  "Mark the N articles as read backwards.
The difference between N and the actual number of articles marked is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward (- n)))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-read (&optional article mark)
  "Mark current article as read.
ARTICLE specifies the article to be marked as read.
MARK specifies a string to be inserted at the beginning of the line.
Any kind of string (length 1) except for a space and `-' is ok."
  (gnus-summary-mark-article article mark))

(defun gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward (n)
  "Clear marks from N articles forward.
If N is negative, clear backward instead.
The difference between N and the number of marks cleared is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-unread-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-clear-mark-backward (n)
  "Clear marks from N articles backward.
The difference between N and the number of marks cleared is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward (- n) gnus-unread-mark))

;; Fix by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-summary-delete-marked-as-read ()
  "Delete lines that are marked as read."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-delete-marked-with 
   (concat gnus-read-mark gnus-killed-mark gnus-kill-file-mark)))

(defun gnus-summary-delete-marked-with (marks)
  "Delete lines that are marked with MARKS (e.g. \"DK\")."
  (interactive "sMarks: ")
  ;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
          (marks (concat "[" marks "]"))
          beg)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (not (eobp))
        (if (looking-at marks)
            (progn
              (setq beg (point))
              (forward-line 1)
              ;; Fix by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
              (setq gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines
                    (concat (or gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines "")
                            (buffer-substring beg (point))))
              (delete-region beg (point)))
          (forward-line 1))))
    ;; Adjust point.
    (or (zerop (buffer-size))
        (if (eobp)
            (gnus-summary-prev-subject 1)
          (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))))

(defun gnus-summary-expunge-below (score)
  "Delete articles with score less than SCORE."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq score (if score
                  (prefix-numeric-value score)
                gnus-summary-default-interest))
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
          beg)
      (while (not (eobp))
        (if (< (gnus-summary-interest) score)
            (progn
              (setq beg (point))
              (forward-line 1)
              (setq gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines 
                    (buffer-substring beg (point)))
              (delete-region beg (point)))
          (forward-line 1)))
      ;; Adjust point.
      (or (zerop (buffer-size))
          (if (eobp)
              (gnus-summary-prev-subject 1)
            (gnus-summary-position-cursor))))))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-below (score mark)
  "Mark articles with score less than SCORE with MARK."
  (interactive "P\ncMark: ")
  (setq score (if score
                  (prefix-numeric-value score)
                gnus-summary-default-interest))
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (while (not (eobp))
      (if (< (gnus-summary-interest) score)
          (progn
            (gnus-summary-mark-article nil (char-to-string mark))
            (forward-line 1))
        (forward-line 1)))))

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-summary-kill-below (score)
  "Kill articles with score below SCORE."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-mark-below score ?K))

(defun gnus-summary-clear-above (score)
  "Clear all marks from articles with score above SCORE."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-mark-above score ? ))

(defun gnus-summary-tick-above (score)
  "Tick all articles with score above SCORE."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-mark-above score ?-))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-above (score mark)
  "Mark articles with score less than SCORE with MARK."
  (interactive "P\ncMark: ")
  (setq score (if score
                  (prefix-numeric-value score)
                gnus-summary-default-interest))
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (while (not (eobp))
      (if (> (gnus-summary-interest) score)
          (progn
            (gnus-summary-mark-article nil (char-to-string mark))
            (forward-line 1))
        (forward-line 1)))))

;; Suggested by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.  
(defun gnus-summary-show-all-expunged ()
  "Show all previously expunge articles."
  (interactive)
  (if (not gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines)
      (error "No lines expunged."))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (save-excursion
      (insert gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-expunged-lines nil)))

(defun gnus-summary-show-all-dormant ()
  "Display all the hidden articles that are marked as dormant."
  (interactive)
  (let ((int gnus-newsgroup-dormant-subjects)
        (buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (not int)
        (error "No dormant articles hidden."))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (save-excursion
      (while int
        (insert (cdr (car int)))
        (setq int (cdr int))))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant-subjects nil)))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup (all &optional quietly to-here)
  "Mark all articles not marked as unread in this newsgroup as read.
If prefix argument ALL is non-nil, all articles are marked as read.
If QUIETLY is non-nil, no questions will be asked.
If TO-HERE is non-nil, it should be a point in the buffer. All
articles before this point will be marked as read.
The number of articles marked as read is returned."
  (interactive "P")
  (if (or quietly
          (not gnus-interactive-catchup) ;Without confirmation?
          gnus-expert-user
          (y-or-n-p
           (if all
               "Do you really want to mark everything as read? "
             "Delete all articles not marked as unread? ")))
      (let ((unreads (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
        (if (gnus-summary-first-subject (not all))
            (while (and (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-catchup-mark)
                        (if to-here (< (point) to-here) t)
                        (gnus-summary-search-subject nil (not all)))))
        (- unreads (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-to-here (&optional all)
  "Mark all unticked articles before the current one as read.
If ALL is non-nil, also mark ticked and dormant articles as read."
  (interactive)
  (beginning-of-line)
  (gnus-summary-catchup all nil (point))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-all (&optional quietly)
  "Mark all articles in this newsgroup as read."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-catchup t quietly))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit (all &optional quietly)
  "Mark all articles not marked as unread in this newsgroup as read, then exit.
If prefix argument ALL is non-nil, all articles are marked as read."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-catchup all quietly)
  ;; Select next newsgroup or exit.
  (if (eq gnus-auto-select-next 'quietly)
      (gnus-summary-next-group nil)
    (gnus-summary-exit)))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-all-and-exit (&optional quietly)
  "Mark all articles in this newsgroup as read, and then exit."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit t quietly))

;; Thread-based commands.

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-threads (arg)
  "Toggle showing conversation threads.
If ARG is positive number, turn showing conversation threads on."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((current (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (setq gnus-show-threads
          (if (null arg) (not gnus-show-threads)
            (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
    (gnus-summary-prepare)
    (gnus-summary-goto-subject current)))

(defun gnus-summary-show-all-threads ()
  "Show all threads."
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-show-threads
      (save-excursion
        (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
          (subst-char-in-region (point-min) (point-max) ?\^M ?\n t)))))

(defun gnus-summary-show-thread ()
  "Show thread subtrees."
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-show-threads
      (save-excursion
        (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
          (subst-char-in-region 
           (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
           (progn (end-of-line) (point)) ?\^M ?\n t)))))

(defun gnus-summary-hide-all-threads ()
  "Hide all thread subtrees."
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-show-threads
      (save-excursion
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (gnus-summary-hide-thread)
        (while (gnus-summary-search-forward)
          (gnus-summary-hide-thread)))))

(defun gnus-summary-hide-thread ()
  "Hide thread subtrees."
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-show-threads
      (save-excursion
        (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
              (start (point))
              (level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
              (end (point)))
          ;; Go forward until either the buffer ends or the subthread
          ;; ends. 
          (while (and (= 0 (forward-line 1))
                      (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level))
            (setq end (point)))
          (subst-char-in-region start end ?\n ?\^M t)))))

(defun gnus-summary-go-to-next-thread (&optional previous)
  "Go to the same level (or less) next thread.
If PREVIOUS is non-nil, go to previous thread instead.
Return the article number moved to, or nil if moving was impossible."
  (let ((level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
        (article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (if previous 
        (while (and (zerop (gnus-summary-prev-subject 1))
                    (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level)))
      (while (and (zerop (gnus-summary-next-subject 1))
                  (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level))))
    (let ((oart (gnus-summary-article-number)))
      (and (/= oart article) oart))))

(defun gnus-summary-next-thread (n)
  "Go to the same level next N'th thread.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-summary-go-to-next-thread backward))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more threads" ))
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-thread (n)
  "Go to the same level previous N'th thread.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-thread (- n)))

(defun gnus-summary-go-down-thread (&optional up same)
  "Go down one level in the current thread.
If UP is non-nil, go up instead.
If SAME is non-nil, also move to articles of the same level."
  (let ((level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
        (start (point))
        (level-diff (if up -1 1))
        l)
    (if (not (and (= 0 (forward-line level-diff))
                  (or (= (+ level level-diff) 
                         (setq l (gnus-summary-thread-level)))
                      (and same (= level l)))))
        (goto-char start))
    (/= start (point))))

(defun gnus-summary-down-thread (n)
  "Go down thread N steps.
If N is negative, go up instead.
Returns the difference between N and how many steps down that were
taken."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((up (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-summary-go-down-thread up))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "Can't go further" ))
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-up-thread (n)
  "Go up thread N steps.
If N is negative, go up instead.
Returns the difference between N and how many steps down that were
taken."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-down-thread (- n)))

(defun gnus-summary-kill-thread (unmark)
  "Mark articles under current thread as read.
If the prefix argument is positive, remove any kinds of marks.
If the prefix argument is negative, tick articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (if unmark
      (setq unmark (prefix-numeric-value unmark)))
  (let ((killing t)
        (level (gnus-summary-thread-level)))
    (save-excursion
      (while killing
        ;; Mark the article...
        (cond ((null unmark) (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-killed-mark))
              ((> unmark 0) (gnus-summary-tick-article nil t))
              (t (gnus-summary-tick-article)))
        ;; ...and go forward until either the buffer ends or the subtree
        ;; ends. 
        (if (not (and (= 0 (forward-line 1))
                      (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level)))
            (setq killing nil))))
    ;; Hide killed subtrees.
    (and (null unmark)
         gnus-thread-hide-killed
         (gnus-summary-hide-thread))
    ;; If marked as read, go to next unread subject.
    (if (null unmark)
        ;; Go to next unread subject.
        (gnus-summary-next-subject 1 t)))
  (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary))

;; Summary sorting commands

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-number (reverse)
  "Sort Summary buffer by article number.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-keysort-summary
   (function <)
   (lambda (a)
     (header-number a))
   reverse
   ))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-author (reverse)
  "Sort Summary buffer by author name alphabetically.
If case-fold-search is non-nil, case of letters is ignored.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-keysort-summary
   (function string-lessp)
   (lambda (a)
     (if case-fold-search
         (downcase (header-from a))
       (header-from a)))
   reverse
   ))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-subject (reverse)
  "Sort Summary buffer by subject alphabetically. `Re:'s are ignored.
If case-fold-search is non-nil, case of letters is ignored.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-keysort-summary
   (function string-lessp)
   (lambda (a)
     (if case-fold-search
         (downcase (gnus-simplify-subject (header-subject a) 're-only))
       (gnus-simplify-subject (header-subject a) 're-only)))
   reverse
   ))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-date (reverse)
  "Sort Summary buffer by date.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-keysort-summary
   (function string-lessp)
   (lambda (a)
     (gnus-sortable-date (header-date a)))
   reverse
   ))

(defun gnus-summary-keysort-summary (predicate key &optional reverse)
  "Sort Summary buffer by PREDICATE using a value passed by KEY.
Optional argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (let ((current (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (gnus-keysort-headers predicate key reverse)
    (gnus-summary-prepare)
    (gnus-summary-goto-subject current)
    ))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-summary (predicate &optional reverse)
  "Sort Summary buffer by PREDICATE.
Optional argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (let ((current (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (gnus-sort-headers predicate reverse)
    (gnus-summary-prepare)
    (gnus-summary-goto-subject current)
    ))

;; Basic ideas by flee@cs.psu.edu (Felix Lee)

(defun gnus-keysort-headers (predicate key &optional reverse)
  "Sort current headers by PREDICATE using a value passed by KEY safely.
*Safely* means C-g quitting is disabled during sort.
Optional argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (let ((inhibit-quit t))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers
          (if reverse
              (nreverse
               (gnus-keysort (nreverse gnus-newsgroup-headers) predicate key))
            (gnus-keysort gnus-newsgroup-headers predicate key)))
    ))

(defun gnus-keysort (list predicate key)
  "Sort LIST by PREDICATE using a value passed by KEY."
  (mapcar (function cdr)
          (sort (mapcar (lambda (a) (cons (funcall key a) a)) list)
                (lambda (a b)
                  (funcall predicate (car a) (car b))))))

(defun gnus-sort-headers (predicate &optional reverse)
  "Sort current headers by PREDICATE safely.
*Safely* means C-g quitting is disabled during sort.
Optional argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (let ((inhibit-quit t))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers
          (if reverse
              (nreverse (sort (nreverse gnus-newsgroup-headers) predicate))
            (sort gnus-newsgroup-headers predicate)))
    ))

(defun gnus-string-lessp (a b)
  "Return T if first arg string is less than second in lexicographic order.
If case-fold-search is non-nil, case of letters is ignored."
  (if case-fold-search
      (string-lessp (downcase a) (downcase b))
    (string-lessp a b)))

(defun gnus-date-lessp (date1 date2)
  "Return T if DATE1 is earlyer than DATE2."
  (string-lessp (gnus-sortable-date date1)
                (gnus-sortable-date date2)))

(defun gnus-sortable-date (date)
  "Make sortable string by string-lessp from DATE.
Timezone package is used."
  (let* ((date   (timezone-fix-time date nil nil)) ;[Y M D H M S]
         (year   (aref date 0))
         (month  (aref date 1))
         (day    (aref date 2)))
    (timezone-make-sortable-date year month day 
                                 (timezone-make-time-string
                                  (aref date 3) (aref date 4) (aref date 5)))
    ))


;; Summary saving commands.

(defun gnus-summary-save-article (n)
  "Save the current article using the default saver function.
If N is a positive number, save the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, save the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
save those articles instead.
The variable `gnus-default-article-saver' specifies the saver function."
  (interactive "P")
  (let (articles process)
    (if (and n (numberp n))
        (let ((backward (< n 0))
              (n (abs n)))
          (save-excursion
            (while (and (> n 0)
                        (setq articles (cons (gnus-summary-article-number) 
                                             articles))
                        (gnus-summary-search-forward nil nil backward))
              (setq n (1- n))))
          (setq articles (sort articles (function <))))
      (if gnus-newsgroup-processable
          (progn
            (setq articles (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable
                                 (nreverse gnus-newsgroup-processable)))
            (setq process t))
        (setq articles (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))))
    (while articles
      (gnus-summary-display-article (car articles) t)
      (if (not gnus-save-all-headers)
          (gnus-article-hide-headers t))
      (if gnus-default-article-saver
          (funcall gnus-default-article-saver)
        (error "No default saver is defined."))
      (if process
          (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car articles)))
      (setq articles (cdr articles)))
    (if process (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable 
                      (nreverse gnus-newsgroup-processable)))
    n))

(defun gnus-summary-pipe-output (arg)
  "Pipe the current article to a subprocess.
If N is a positive number, pipe the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, pipe the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
pipe those articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-default-article-saver 'gnus-summary-save-in-pipe))
    (gnus-summary-save-article arg)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-article-rmail (arg)
  "Append the current article to an Rmail file.
If N is a positive number, save the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, save the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
save those articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-default-article-saver 'gnus-summary-save-in-rmail))
    (gnus-summary-save-article arg)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-rmail (&optional filename)
  "Append this article to Rmail file.
Optional argument FILENAME specifies file name.
Directory to save to is default to `gnus-article-save-directory' which
is initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable."
  (interactive)
  (let ((default-name
          (funcall gnus-rmail-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                   gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail)))
    (or filename
        (setq filename
              (read-file-name
               (concat "Save article in rmail file: (default "
                       (file-name-nondirectory default-name) ") ")
               (file-name-directory default-name)
               default-name)))
    (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory filename))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-excursion
       (save-restriction
         (widen)
         (gnus-output-to-rmail filename))))
    ;; Remember the directory name to save articles.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail filename)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-mail (&optional filename)
  "Append this article to Unix mail file.
Optional argument FILENAME specifies file name.
Directory to save to is default to `gnus-article-save-directory' which
is initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable."
  (let ((default-name
          (funcall gnus-mail-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                   gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-mail)))
    (or filename
        (setq filename
              (read-file-name
               (concat "Save article in Unix mail file: (default "
                       (file-name-nondirectory default-name) ") ")
               (file-name-directory default-name)
               default-name)))
    (setq filename
          (expand-file-name filename
                            (and default-name
                                 (file-name-directory default-name))))
    (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory filename))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-excursion
       (save-restriction
         (widen)
         (if (and (file-readable-p filename) (rmail-file-p filename))
             (gnus-output-to-rmail filename)
           (rmail-output filename 1 t t)))))
    ;; Remember the directory name to save articles.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-mail filename)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-file (&optional filename)
  "Append this article to file.
Optional argument FILENAME specifies file name.
Directory to save to is default to `gnus-article-save-directory' which
is initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable."
  (let ((default-name
          (funcall gnus-file-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                   gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-file)))
    (or filename
        (setq filename
              (read-file-name
               (concat "Save article in file: (default "
                       (file-name-nondirectory default-name) ") ")
               (file-name-directory default-name)
               default-name)))
    (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory filename))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-excursion
       (save-restriction
         (widen)
         (gnus-output-to-file filename))))
    ;; Remember the directory name to save articles.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-file filename)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-pipe (&optional command)
  "Pipe this article to subprocess."
  (let ((command (read-string "Shell command on article: "
                              gnus-last-shell-command)))
    (if (string-equal command "")
        (setq command gnus-last-shell-command))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-restriction
       (widen)
       (shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) command nil)))
    (setq gnus-last-shell-command command)))

;; Summary killfile commands

;; Much modification of the kill code and some of the functions are
;; written by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-subject (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current subject.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-subject
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-author (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current author.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-author
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-xref (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current xref.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-xref
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-thread (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current thread.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-thread
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-subject (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current subject."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-lower-by-subject
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-author (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current author."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-lower-by-author
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-xref (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current xref."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-lower-by-xref
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for all followups to the current author."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-lower-followups-to-author
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-subject (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current subject.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-subject
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-author (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current author.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-author
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-xref (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current xref.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-xref
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-thread (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current thread.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-thread
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-subject (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for current subject."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-subject
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-author (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for current author."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-author
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-xref (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for current xref."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-xref
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-edit-global-kill ()
  "Edit a global KILL file."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-current-kill-article (gnus-summary-article-number))
  (gnus-kill-file-edit-file nil)        ;Nil stands for global KILL file.
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys
    "Editing a global KILL file (Type \\[gnus-kill-file-exit] to exit)")))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for all followups to the current author."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-followups-to-author
   level
   (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
     (if article (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
       (error "No article on current line")))))

(defun gnus-summary-edit-local-kill ()
  "Edit a local KILL file applied to the current newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-current-kill-article (gnus-summary-article-number))
  (gnus-kill-file-edit-file gnus-newsgroup-name)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys
    "Editing a local KILL file (Type \\[gnus-kill-file-exit] to exit)")))


\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Article Mode
;;;

(if gnus-article-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-article-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-article-mode-map)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map " " 'gnus-article-next-page)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "\177" 'gnus-article-prev-page)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "r" 'gnus-article-refer-article)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "h" 'gnus-article-show-summary)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "s" 'gnus-article-show-summary)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "m" 'gnus-article-mail)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "M" 'gnus-article-mail-with-original)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "?" 'gnus-article-describe-briefly)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node))

(defun gnus-article-mode ()
  "Major mode for browsing through an article.
All normal editing commands are switched off.
The following commands are available:

\\<gnus-article-mode-map>
\\[gnus-article-next-page]\t Scroll the article one page forwards
\\[gnus-article-prev-page]\t Scroll the article one page backwards
\\[gnus-article-refer-article]\t Go to the article referred to by an article id near point
\\[gnus-article-show-summary]\t Display the Summary buffer
\\[gnus-article-mail]\t Send a reply to the address near point
\\[gnus-article-mail-with-original]\t Send a reply to the address near point; include the original article
\\[gnus-article-describe-briefly]\t Describe the current mode briefly
\\[gnus-info-find-node]\t Go to the Gnus info node

"
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (setq mode-line-modified "--- ")
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-article-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Article")
  (make-local-variable 'minor-mode-alist)
  (or (assq 'gnus-show-mime minor-mode-alist)
      (setq minor-mode-alist
            (cons (list 'gnus-show-mime " MIME") minor-mode-alist)))
  (use-local-map gnus-article-mode-map)
  (make-local-variable 'page-delimiter)
  (setq page-delimiter gnus-page-delimiter)
  (make-local-variable 'mail-header-separator)
  (setq mail-header-separator "")       ;For caesar function.
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq buffer-read-only t)             ;Disable modification
  (run-hooks 'gnus-article-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-article-setup-buffer ()
  "Initialize Article mode buffer."
  (or (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-article-buffer))
        (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
        (gnus-article-mode))
      ))

(defun gnus-request-article-this-buffer (article &optional group)
  "Get an article and insert it into this buffer."
  ;; Using `gnus-request-article' directly will insert the article into
  ;; `nntp-server-buffer' - so we'll save some time by not having to
  ;; copy it from the server buffer into the article buffer.

  ;; We only request an article by message-id when we do not have the
  ;; headers for it, so we'll have to get those.
  (if (stringp article) (gnus-read-header article))
  ;; If the article number is negative, that means that this article
  ;; doesn't belong in this newsgroup (possibly), so we find its
  ;; message-id and request it by id instead of number.
  (if (and (numberp article) (< article 0))
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
        (setq article 
              (header-id 
               (gnus-gethash (int-to-string article)
                             gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)))))
  ;; Get the article and into the article buffer.
  (gnus-request-article article group (current-buffer)))

(defun gnus-read-header (id)
  "Read the headers of article ID and enter them into the Gnus system."
  (or gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
      (gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number))
  (let (header)
    (if (not (setq header 
                   (car (if (let ((nntp-xover-is-evil t))
                              (gnus-retrieve-headers (list id) 
                                                     gnus-newsgroup-name))
                            (gnus-get-newsgroup-headers)))))
        nil
      (if (stringp id)
          (header-set-number header gnus-reffed-article-number))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers (cons header gnus-newsgroup-headers))
      (gnus-sethash (int-to-string (header-number header)) header
                    gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)
      (if (stringp id)
          (setq gnus-reffed-article-number (1- gnus-reffed-article-number)))
      (setq gnus-current-headers header)
      header)))

(defun gnus-article-prepare (article &optional all-headers header)
  "Prepare ARTICLE in Article mode buffer.
ARTICLE can be either a article number or Message-ID.
If ARTICLE is an id, HEADER should be the article headers.
If ALL-HEADERS is non-nil, no headers are hidden."
  (save-excursion
    ;; Make sure we start are in a Summary buffer.
    (if (eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
        (setq gnus-summary-buffer (current-buffer))
      (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
    ;; Make sure the connection to the server is alive.
    (if (not (gnus-server-opened gnus-current-select-method))
        (progn
          (gnus-check-news-server gnus-current-select-method)
          (gnus-request-group gnus-newsgroup-name t)))
    (or gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
        (gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number))
    (let* ((article (if header (header-number header) article))
           (summary-buffer (current-buffer))
           (internal-hook gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook)
           (bookmark (cdr (assq article gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)))
           (group gnus-newsgroup-name))
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
        (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
          (erase-buffer)
          (prog1
              (if (gnus-request-article-this-buffer article group)
                  (progn 
                    ;; gnus-have-all-headers must be either T or NIL.
                    (setq gnus-have-all-headers
                          (not (not (or all-headers gnus-show-all-headers))))
                    (if (and (numberp article)
                             (not (eq article gnus-current-article)))
                        ;; Seems like a new article has been selected.
                        ;; `gnus-current-article' must be an article number.
                        (save-excursion
                          (set-buffer summary-buffer)
                          (setq gnus-last-article gnus-current-article)
                          (setq gnus-current-article article)
                          (setq gnus-current-headers
                                (gnus-get-header-by-number 
                                 gnus-current-article))
                          (setq gnus-article-current 
                                (cons gnus-newsgroup-name 
                                      (header-number gnus-current-headers)))
                          (run-hooks 'gnus-mark-article-hook)
                          (and gnus-visual
                               (run-hooks 'gnus-visual-mark-article-hook))
                          ;; Set the global newsgroup variables here.
                          ;; Suggested by Jim Sisolak
                          ;; <sisolak@trans4.neep.wisc.edu>.
                          (gnus-set-global-variables)))
                    ;; Hooks for getting information from the article.
                    ;; This hook must be called before being narrowed.
                    (run-hooks 'internal-hook)
                    (run-hooks 'gnus-article-prepare-hook)
                    ;; Decode MIME message.
                    (if (and gnus-show-mime
                             (gnus-fetch-field "Mime-Version"))
                        (funcall gnus-show-mime-method))
                    ;; Perform the article display hooks.
                    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
                      (run-hooks 'gnus-article-display-hook))
                    ;; Do page break.
                    (goto-char (point-min))
                    (if gnus-break-pages
                        (gnus-narrow-to-page))
                    (gnus-set-mode-line 'article)
                    t)
                ;; There is no such article.
                (if (numberp article)
                    (gnus-summary-mark-as-read article))
                (ding) 
                (message "No such article (may be canceled)")
                nil)
            (goto-char 1)
            (if bookmark
                (progn
                  (message "Moved to bookmark.")
                  (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
                  (forward-line bookmark)))
            (set-window-start 
             (get-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer) (point))))))))

(defun gnus-set-global-variables ()
  ;; Set the global equivalents of the Summary buffer-local variables
  ;; to the latest values they had. These reflect the Summary buffer
  ;; that was in action when the last article was fetched.
  (let ((name gnus-newsgroup-name)
        (marked gnus-newsgroup-marked)
        (unread gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
        (headers gnus-current-headers))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-name name)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked marked)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads unread)
      (setq gnus-current-headers headers))))

(defun gnus-article-show-all-headers ()
  "Show all article headers in Article mode buffer."
  (save-excursion 
    (setq gnus-have-all-headers t)
    (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (remove-text-properties 1 (point-max) '(invisible t)))))

(defun gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted ()
  "Hide unwanted headers if `gnus-have-all-headers' is nil.
Provided for backwards compatability."
  (or gnus-have-all-headers
      (gnus-article-hide-headers)))

(defun gnus-article-hide-headers (&optional delete)
  "Hide unwanted headers and possibly sort them as well."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (let ((sorted gnus-sorted-header-list)
            (buffer-read-only nil)
            want want-list beg want-l)
        ;; First we narrow to just the headers.
        (widen)
        (goto-char 1)
        ;; Hide any "From " lines at the beginning of (mail) articles. 
        (while (looking-at rmail-unix-mail-delimiter)
          (forward-line 1))
        (if (/= (point) 1) 
            (add-text-properties 1 (point) '(invisible t)))
        ;; Then treat the rest of the header lines.
        (narrow-to-region 
         (point) 
         (progn (search-forward "\n\n" nil t) (forward-line -1) (point)))
        ;; Then we use the two regular expressions
        ;; `gnus-ignored-headers' and `gnus-visible-headers' to
        ;; select which header lines is to remain visible in the
        ;; article buffer.
        (goto-char 1)
        (while (re-search-forward "^[^ \t]*:" nil t)
          (beginning-of-line)
          ;; We add the headers we want to keep to a list and delete
          ;; them from the buffer.
          (if (or (and (stringp gnus-visible-headers)
                       (looking-at gnus-visible-headers))
                  (and (not (stringp gnus-visible-headers))
                       (stringp gnus-ignored-headers)
                       (not (looking-at gnus-ignored-headers))))
              (progn
                (setq beg (point))
                (forward-line 1)
                ;; Be sure to get multi-line headers...
                (re-search-forward "^[^ \t]*:" nil t)
                (beginning-of-line)
                (setq want-list 
                      (cons (buffer-substring beg (point)) want-list))
                (delete-region beg (point))
                (goto-char beg))
            (forward-line 1)))
        ;; Next we perform the sorting by looking at
        ;; `gnus-sorted-header-list'. 
        (goto-char 1)
        (while (and sorted want-list)
          (setq want-l want-list)
          (while (and want-l
                      (not (string-match (car sorted) (car want-l))))
            (setq want-l (cdr want-l)))
          (if want-l 
              (progn
                (insert (car want-l))
                (setq want-list (delq (car want-l) want-list))))
          (setq sorted (cdr sorted)))
        ;; Any headers that were not matched by the sorted list we
        ;; just tack on the end of the visible header list.
        (while want-list
          (insert (car want-list))
          (setq want-list (cdr want-list)))
        ;; And finally we make the unwanted headers invisible.
        (if delete
            (delete-region (point) (point-max))
          ;; Suggested by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
          (add-text-properties (point) (point-max) '(invisible t)))))))

(defun gnus-article-hide-signature ()
  "Hides the signature in an article.
It does this by hiding everyting after "^-- *$", which is what all
signatures should be preceded by. Note that this may mean that parts
of an article may disappear if the article has such a line in the
middle of the text."
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char (point-max))
    (if (re-search-backward "^-- *$" nil t)
        (progn
          (add-text-properties (point) (point-max) '(invisible t))))))

(defun gnus-article-hide-citation ()
  "Hide all cited text.
This function uses the famous, extremely intelligent \"shoot in foot\"
algorithm - which is simply deleting all lines that start with
\">\". Your mileage may vary. If you come up with anything better,
please do mail it to me."
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char 1)
    (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
    (while (not (eobp))
      (if (looking-at ">")
          (add-text-properties 
           (point) (save-excursion (forward-line 1) (point))
           '(invisible t)))
      (forward-line 1))))

;; Written by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-article-treat-overstrike ()
  ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands.
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (while (search-forward "\b" nil t)
        (let ((next (following-char))
              (previous (char-after (- (point) 2))))
          (cond ((eq next previous)
                 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
                 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
                                    'face 'bold))
                ((eq next ?_)
                 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point)))
                 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point)
                                    'face 'underline))
                ((eq previous ?_)
                 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
                 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
                                    'face 'underline))))))))

;; Article savers.

(defun gnus-output-to-rmail (file-name)
  "Append the current article to an Rmail file named FILE-NAME."
  (require 'rmail)
  ;; Most of these codes are borrowed from rmailout.el.
  (setq file-name (expand-file-name file-name))
  (setq rmail-default-rmail-file file-name)
  (let ((artbuf (current-buffer))
        (tmpbuf (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-output*")))
    (save-excursion
      (or (get-file-buffer file-name)
          (file-exists-p file-name)
          (if (yes-or-no-p
               (concat "\"" file-name "\" does not exist, create it? "))
              (let ((file-buffer (create-file-buffer file-name)))
                (save-excursion
                  (set-buffer file-buffer)
                  (rmail-insert-rmail-file-header)
                  (let ((require-final-newline nil))
                    (write-region (point-min) (point-max) file-name t 1)))
                (kill-buffer file-buffer))
            (error "Output file does not exist")))
      (set-buffer tmpbuf)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert-buffer-substring artbuf)
      (gnus-convert-article-to-rmail)
      ;; Decide whether to append to a file or to an Emacs buffer.
      (let ((outbuf (get-file-buffer file-name)))
        (if (not outbuf)
            (append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) file-name)
          ;; File has been visited, in buffer OUTBUF.
          (set-buffer outbuf)
          (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
                (msg (and (boundp 'rmail-current-message)
                          rmail-current-message)))
            ;; If MSG is non-nil, buffer is in RMAIL mode.
            (if msg
                (progn (widen)
                       (narrow-to-region (point-max) (point-max))))
            (insert-buffer-substring tmpbuf)
            (if msg
                (progn
                  (goto-char (point-min))
                  (widen)
                  (search-backward "\^_")
                  (narrow-to-region (point) (point-max))
                  (goto-char (1+ (point-min)))
                  (rmail-count-new-messages t)
                  (rmail-show-message msg))))))
      )
    (kill-buffer tmpbuf)
    ))

(defun gnus-output-to-file (file-name)
  "Append the current article to a file named FILE-NAME."
  (setq file-name (expand-file-name file-name))
  (let ((artbuf (current-buffer))
        (tmpbuf (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-output*")))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer tmpbuf)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert-buffer-substring artbuf)
      ;; Append newline at end of the buffer as separator, and then
      ;; save it to file.
      (goto-char (point-max))
      (insert "\n")
      (append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) file-name))
    (kill-buffer tmpbuf)
    ))

(defun gnus-convert-article-to-rmail ()
  "Convert article in current buffer to Rmail message format."
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    ;; Convert article directly into Babyl format.
    ;; Suggested by Rob Austein <sra@lcs.mit.edu>
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (insert "\^L\n0, unseen,,\n*** EOOH ***\n")
    (while (search-forward "\n\^_" nil t) ;single char
      (replace-match "\n^_"))           ;2 chars: "^" and "_"
    (goto-char (point-max))
    (insert "\^_")))

(defun gnus-narrow-to-page (&optional arg)
  "Make text outside current page invisible except for page delimiter.
A numeric arg specifies to move forward or backward by that many pages,
thus showing a page other than the one point was originally in."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq arg (if arg (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0))
  (save-excursion
    (forward-page -1)                   ;Beginning of current page.
    (widen)
    (if (> arg 0)
        (forward-page arg)
      (if (< arg 0)
          (forward-page (1- arg))))
    ;; Find the end of the page.
    (forward-page)
    ;; If we stopped due to end of buffer, stay there.
    ;; If we stopped after a page delimiter, put end of restriction
    ;; at the beginning of that line.
    ;; These are commented out.
    ;;    (if (save-excursion (beginning-of-line)
    ;;                  (looking-at page-delimiter))
    ;;  (beginning-of-line))
    (narrow-to-region (point)
                      (progn
                        ;; Find the top of the page.
                        (forward-page -1)
                        ;; If we found beginning of buffer, stay there.
                        ;; If extra text follows page delimiter on same line,
                        ;; include it.
                        ;; Otherwise, show text starting with following line.
                        (if (and (eolp) (not (bobp)))
                            (forward-line 1))
                        (point)))
    ))

(defun gnus-gmt-to-local ()
  "Rewrite Date: field described in GMT to local in current buffer.
The variable gnus-local-timezone is used for local time zone.
Intended to be used with gnus-article-prepare-hook."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (narrow-to-region (point-min)
                        (progn (search-forward "\n\n" nil 'move) (point)))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (if (re-search-forward "^Date:[ \t]\\(.*\\)$" nil t)
          (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
                (date (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
            (delete-region (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
            (insert
             (timezone-make-date-arpa-standard date nil gnus-local-timezone))
            ))
      )))


;; Article mode commands

(defun gnus-article-next-page (lines)
  "Show next page of current article.
If end of article, return non-nil. Otherwise return nil.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled up."
  (interactive "P")
  (move-to-window-line -1)
  ;; Fixed by enami@ptgd.sony.co.jp (enami tsugutomo)
  (if (save-excursion
        (end-of-line)
        (and (pos-visible-in-window-p)  ;Not continuation line.
             (eobp)))
      ;; Nothing in this page.
      (if (or (not gnus-break-pages)
              (save-excursion
                (save-restriction
                  (widen) (forward-line 1) (eobp)))) ;Real end-of-buffer?
          t                             ;Nothing more.
        (gnus-narrow-to-page 1)         ;Go to next page.
        nil
        )
    ;; More in this page.
    (condition-case ()
        (scroll-up lines)
      (end-of-buffer
       ;; Long lines may cause an end-of-buffer error.
       (goto-char (point-max))))
    nil
    ))

(defun gnus-article-prev-page (lines)
  "Show previous page of current article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled down."
  (interactive "P")
  (move-to-window-line 0)
  (if (and gnus-break-pages
           (bobp)
           (not (save-restriction (widen) (bobp)))) ;Real beginning-of-buffer?
      (progn
        (gnus-narrow-to-page -1) ;Go to previous page.
        (goto-char (point-max))
        (recenter -1))
    (scroll-down lines)))

(defun gnus-article-next-digest (nth)
  "Move to head of NTH next digested message.
Set mark at end of digested message."
  ;; Stop page breaking in digest mode.
  (widen)
  (end-of-line)
  ;; Skip NTH - 1 digest.
  ;; Suggested by Khalid Sattar <admin@cs.exeter.ac.uk>.
  ;; Digest separator is customizable.
  ;; Suggested by Skip Montanaro <montanaro@sprite.crd.ge.com>.
  (while (and (> nth 1)
              (re-search-forward gnus-digest-separator nil 'move))
    (setq nth (1- nth)))
  (if (re-search-forward gnus-digest-separator nil t)
      (let ((begin (point)))
        ;; Search for end of this message.
        (end-of-line)
        (if (re-search-forward gnus-digest-separator nil t)
            (progn
              (search-backward "\n\n")  ;This may be incorrect.
              (forward-line 1))
          (goto-char (point-max)))
        (push-mark)                     ;Set mark at end of digested message.
        (goto-char begin)
        (beginning-of-line)
        ;; Show From: and Subject: fields.
        (recenter 1))
    (message "End of message")
    ))

(defun gnus-article-prev-digest (nth)
  "Move to head of NTH previous digested message."
  ;; Stop page breaking in digest mode.
  (widen)
  (beginning-of-line)
  ;; Skip NTH - 1 digest.
  ;; Suggested by Khalid Sattar <admin@cs.exeter.ac.uk>.
  ;; Digest separator is customizable.
  ;; Suggested by Skip Montanaro <montanaro@sprite.crd.ge.com>.
  (while (and (> nth 1)
              (re-search-backward gnus-digest-separator nil 'move))
    (setq nth (1- nth)))
  (if (re-search-backward gnus-digest-separator nil t)
      (let ((begin (point)))
        ;; Search for end of this message.
        (end-of-line)
        (if (re-search-forward gnus-digest-separator nil t)
            (progn
              (search-backward "\n\n")  ;This may be incorrect.
              (forward-line 1))
          (goto-char (point-max)))
        (push-mark)                     ;Set mark at end of digested message.
        (goto-char begin)
        ;; Show From: and Subject: fields.
        (recenter 1))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (message "Top of message")
    ))

(defun gnus-article-refer-article ()
  "Read article specified by message-id around point."
  (interactive)
  (search-forward ">" nil t)    ;Move point to end of "<....>".
  (if (re-search-backward "\\(<[^<> \t\n]+>\\)" nil t)
      (let ((message-id
             (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
        (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
        (gnus-summary-refer-article message-id))
    (error "No references around point")))

(defun gnus-article-mail (yank)
  "Send a reply to the address near point.
If YANK is non-nil, include the original article."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((address 
         (buffer-substring
          (save-excursion (re-search-backward "[ \t\n]" nil t) (1+ (point)))
          (save-excursion (re-search-forward "[ \t\n]" nil t) (1- (point))))))
    (and address
         (progn
           (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
           (funcall gnus-mail-reply-method yank address)))))

(defun gnus-article-mail-with-original ()
  "Send a reply to the address near point and include the original article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-article-mail 'yank))

(defun gnus-article-show-summary ()
  "Reconfigure windows to show Summary buffer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
  (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
  (gnus-summary-goto-subject gnus-current-article))

(defun gnus-article-describe-briefly ()
  "Describe Article mode commands briefly."
  (interactive)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys "\\[gnus-article-next-page]:Next page  \\[gnus-article-prev-page]:Prev page  \\[gnus-article-show-summary]:Show Summary  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-article-describe-briefly]:This help")))

;; caesar-region written by phr@prep.ai.mit.edu  Nov 86
;; Modified by tower@prep Nov 86
;; Modified by umerin@flab.flab.Fujitsu.JUNET for ROT47.

(defun gnus-caesar-region (&optional n)
  "Caesar rotation of region by N, default 13, for decrypting netnews.
ROT47 will be performed for Japanese text in any case."
  (interactive (if current-prefix-arg   ; Was there a prefix arg?
                   (list (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg))
                 (list nil)))
  (cond ((not (numberp n)) (setq n 13))
        (t (setq n (mod n 26))))        ;canonicalize N
  (if (not (zerop n))           ; no action needed for a rot of 0
      (progn
        (if (or (not (boundp 'caesar-translate-table))
                (not caesar-translate-table)
                (/= (aref caesar-translate-table ?a) (+ ?a n)))
            (let ((i 0) (lower "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") upper)
              (message "Building caesar-translate-table...")
              (setq caesar-translate-table (make-vector 256 0))
              (while (< i 256)
                (aset caesar-translate-table i i)
                (setq i (1+ i)))
              (setq lower (concat lower lower) upper (upcase lower) i 0)
              (while (< i 26)
                (aset caesar-translate-table (+ ?a i) (aref lower (+ i n)))
                (aset caesar-translate-table (+ ?A i) (aref upper (+ i n)))
                (setq i (1+ i)))
              ;; ROT47 for Japanese text.
              ;; Thanks to ichikawa@flab.fujitsu.junet.
              (setq i 161)
              (let ((t1 (logior ?O 128))
                    (t2 (logior ?! 128))
                    (t3 (logior ?~ 128)))
                (while (< i 256)
                  (aset caesar-translate-table i
                        (let ((v (aref caesar-translate-table i)))
                          (if (<= v t1) (if (< v t2) v (+ v 47))
                            (if (<= v t3) (- v 47) v))))
                  (setq i (1+ i))))
              (message "Building caesar-translate-table... done")))
        (let ((from (region-beginning))
              (to (region-end))
              (i 0) str len)
          (setq str (buffer-substring from to))
          (setq len (length str))
          (while (< i len)
            (aset str i (aref caesar-translate-table (aref str i)))
            (setq i (1+ i)))
          (goto-char from)
          (delete-region from to)
          (insert str)))))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus KILL-File Mode
;;;

(if gnus-kill-file-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-kill-file-mode-map (copy-keymap emacs-lisp-mode-map))
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-x"
    'gnus-kill-file-set-expunge-below)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-m"
    'gnus-kill-file-set-mark-below)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-k\C-s"
    'gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-k\C-a"
    'gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-k\C-x"
    'gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-ks"
    'gnus-kill-file-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-ka"
    'gnus-kill-file-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-kt"
    'gnus-kill-file-lower-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-kx"
    'gnus-kill-file-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-kf"
    'gnus-kill-file-lower-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-i\C-s"
    'gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-i\C-a"
    'gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-i\C-t"
    'gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-i\C-x"
    'gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-is"
    'gnus-kill-file-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-ia"
    'gnus-kill-file-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-ix"
    'gnus-kill-file-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-if"
    'gnus-kill-file-raise-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-a" 'gnus-kill-file-apply-buffer)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-e" 'gnus-kill-file-apply-last-sexp)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-kill-file-exit)
  (define-key gnus-kill-file-mode-map "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node))

(defun gnus-kill-file-mode ()
  "Major mode for editing KILL file.

In addition to Emacs-Lisp Mode, the following commands are available:

\\[gnus-kill-file-set-expunge-below]    Automatically expunge articles below LEVEL.
\\[gnus-kill-file-set-mark-below]       Automatically mark articles below LEVEL.
\\[gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-author]  Insert temporary lower command for current author.
\\[gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-thread]  Insert temporary lower command for current thread.
\\[gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-xref]            Insert temporary lower command for current cross-posting.
\\[gnus-kill-file-lower-by-subject]     Insert permanent lower command for current subject.
\\[gnus-kill-file-lower-by-author]      Insert permanent lower command for current author.
\\[gnus-kill-file-lower-followups-to-author]    Insert permanent lower command for followups to the current author.
\\[gnus-kill-file-lower-by-xref]                Insert permanent lower command for current cross-posting.
\\[gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-subject] Insert temporary raise command for current subject.
\\[gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-author]  Insert temporary raise command for current author.
\\[gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-thread]  Insert temporary raise command for current thread.
\\[gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-xref]            Insert temporary raise command for current cross-posting.
\\[gnus-kill-file-raise-by-subject]     Insert permanent raise command for current subject.
\\[gnus-kill-file-raise-by-author]      Insert permanent raise command for current author.
\\[gnus-kill-file-raise-followups-to-author]    Insert permanent raise command for followups to the current author.
\\[gnus-kill-file-raise-by-xref]                Insert permanent raise command for current cross-posting.
\\[gnus-kill-file-apply-buffer] Apply current buffer to selected newsgroup.
\\[gnus-kill-file-apply-last-sexp]      Apply sexp before point to selected newsgroup.
\\[gnus-kill-file-exit] Save file and exit editing KILL file.
\\[gnus-info-find-node] Read Info about KILL file.

  A KILL file contains Lisp expressions to be applied to a selected
newsgroup.  The purpose is to mark articles as read on the basis of
some set of regexps.  A global KILL file is applied to every newsgroup,
and a local KILL file is applied to a specified newsgroup.  Since a
global KILL file is applied to every newsgroup, for better performance
use a local one.

  A KILL file can contain any kind of Emacs Lisp expressions expected
to be evaluated in the Summary buffer.  Writing Lisp programs for this
purpose is not so easy because the internal working of Gnus must be
well-known.  For this reason, Gnus provides a general function which
does this easily for non-Lisp programmers.

  The `gnus-kill' function executes commands available in Summary Mode
by their key sequences. `gnus-kill' should be called with FIELD,
REGEXP and optional COMMAND and ALL.  FIELD is a string representing
the header field or an empty string.  If FIELD is an empty string, the
entire article body is searched for.  REGEXP is a string which is
compared with FIELD value. COMMAND is a string representing a valid
key sequence in Summary mode or Lisp expression. COMMAND defaults to
'(gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil \"X\").  Make sure that COMMAND is
executed in the Summary buffer.  If the second optional argument ALL
is non-nil, the COMMAND is applied to articles which are already
marked as read or unread.  Articles which are marked are skipped over
by default.

  For example, if you want to mark articles of which subjects contain
the string `AI' as read, a possible KILL file may look like:

        (gnus-kill \"Subject\" \"AI\")

  If you want to mark articles with `D' instead of `X', you can use
the following expression:

        (gnus-kill \"Subject\" \"AI\" \"d\")

In this example it is assumed that the command
`gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward' is assigned to `d' in Summary Mode.

  It is possible to delete unnecessary headers which are marked with
`X' in a KILL file as follows:

        (gnus-expunge \"X\")

  If the Summary buffer is empty after applying KILL files, Gnus will
exit the selected newsgroup normally.  If headers which are marked
with `D' are deleted in a KILL file, it is impossible to read articles
which are marked as read in the previous Gnus sessions.  Marks other
than `D' should be used for articles which should really be deleted.

Entry to this mode calls emacs-lisp-mode-hook and
gnus-kill-file-mode-hook with no arguments, if that value is non-nil."
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (use-local-map gnus-kill-file-mode-map)
  (set-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-kill-file-mode)
  (setq mode-name "KILL-File")
  (lisp-mode-variables nil)
  (run-hooks 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'gnus-kill-file-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-kill-file-edit-file (newsgroup)
  "Begin editing a KILL file of NEWSGROUP.
If NEWSGROUP is nil, the global KILL file is selected."
  (interactive "sNewsgroup: ")
  (let ((file (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file newsgroup)))
    (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory file))
    ;; Save current window configuration if this is first invocation.
    (or (and (get-file-buffer file)
             (get-buffer-window (get-file-buffer file)))
        (setq gnus-winconf-kill-file (current-window-configuration)))
    ;; Hack windows.
    (let ((buffer (find-file-noselect file)))
      (cond ((get-buffer-window buffer)
             (pop-to-buffer buffer))
            ((eq major-mode 'gnus-group-mode)
             (gnus-configure-windows '(1 0 0)) ;Take all windows.
             (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
             (let ((gnus-summary-buffer buffer))
               (gnus-configure-windows '(1 1 0)) ;Split into two.
               (pop-to-buffer buffer)))
            ((eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
             (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
             (pop-to-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
             (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
             (switch-to-buffer buffer))
            (t                          ;No good rules.
             (find-file-other-window file))
            ))
    (gnus-kill-file-mode)
    ))

(defun gnus-kill-set-kill-buffer ()
  (let ((file (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file gnus-newsgroup-name)))
    (if (get-file-buffer file)
        (set-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
      (set-buffer (find-file-noselect file))
      (bury-buffer))))

(defun gnus-kill-save-kill-buffer ()
  (save-excursion
    (let ((file (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file gnus-newsgroup-name)))
      (if (get-file-buffer file)
          (progn
            (set-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
            (if (buffer-modified-p)
                (save-buffer))
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))))))

(defun gnus-article-fetch-field (field)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      (goto-char 1)
      (narrow-to-region 1 (save-excursion 
                            (search-forward "\n\n" nil t) (point)))
      (goto-char 1)
      (prog1
          (mail-fetch-field field)
        (widen)))))

 (defun gnus-kill-file-enter-kill (field regexp level date edit)
   ;; Enter kill file entry.
   ;; FIELD: String containing the name of the header field to kill.
   ;; REGEXP: The string to kill.
   ;; LEVEL: How much to raise the score by.
   ;; DATE: A date string for expire kill or nil for permanent kills.
   ;; EDIT: Allow the user to edit REGEXP iff non-nil.
    (save-excursion
      (gnus-kill-set-kill-buffer)
      (goto-char (point-min))
     (let ((regexp (if edit
                      (read-string (concat "Add " level " to articles with "
                                           (downcase field) " matching: ")
                                   (cons regexp 1))
                    regexp)) 
          entry string kill beg)
       (setq entry (if date (cons regexp date) regexp)
            string (format "(gnus-raise %S (quote %S) %S)\n"
                           field entry level))
       (while (and (setq beg (point))
                  (condition-case nil
                      (setq kill (read (current-buffer)))
                    (error nil))
                  (or (not (eq (nth 0 kill) 'gnus-raise))
                      (not (string= (downcase (nth 1 kill)) (downcase field)))
                      (not (eq (nth 3 kill) level))))
         (setq kill nil))
        (if (not kill)
          (progn
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (insert string))
        (let ((list (nth 2 kill)))
          (if (and (listp list) (eq 'quote (car list)))
              (setq list (car (cdr list))))
          (setcar 
           (nthcdr 2 kill) 
           (if (and (listp list) (listp (cdr list)))
               (list 'quote (cons entry list))
             (list 'quote (list entry list)))))
        (delete-region beg (point))
        (insert (gnus-pp-gnus-kill kill)))
       (gnus-kill-file-apply-string string))
      ;; Added by by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
     (or edit 
        (message "Added kill file entry %s: %s" (downcase field) regexp))))
    
 (defun gnus-kill-file-set-variable (symbol value)
   ;; Set SYMBOL to VALUE in the kill file.
    (save-excursion
      (gnus-kill-set-kill-buffer)
      (goto-char (point-min))
     (let ((string (format "(setq %S %S)\n" symbol value))
          kill beg)
       (while (and (setq beg (point))
                  (condition-case nil
                      (setq kill (read (current-buffer)))
                    (error nil))
                  (or (not (eq (nth 0 kill) 'setq))
                      (not (eq (nth 1 kill) symbol))))
        (setq kill nil))
        (if (not kill)
          (progn
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (insert string))
        (delete-region beg (point))
        (insert string)))))
    
 (defun gnus-kill-file-set-expunge-below (level)
   "Automatically expunge articles with score below LEVEL."
   (interactive "P")
   (setq level (if level
                  (prefix-numeric-value level)
                gnus-summary-default-interest))
   (gnus-kill-file-set-variable 'expunge-below level)
   (message "Set expunge below level to %d." level))
  
 (defun gnus-kill-file-set-mark-below (level)
   "Automatically mark articles with score below LEVEL as killed."
   (interactive "P")
   (setq level (if level
                  (prefix-numeric-value level)
                gnus-summary-default-interest))
   (gnus-kill-file-set-variable 'mark-below level)
   (message "Set mark below level to %d." level))
 
 (defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-subject (level &optional header)
     "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current subject.
 See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
   (interactive "p")
   (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-subject level header (current-time-string)))
  
 (defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-author (level &optional header)
   "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current author.
 See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
   (interactive "p")
   (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-author level header (current-time-string)))
  
 (defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-thread (level &optional header)
   "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current thread.
 See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
   (interactive "p")
   (gnus-kill-file-enter-kill 
    "References"
    (regexp-quote (header-id (or header gnus-current-headers)))
    level
    (current-time-string)
    nil))
  
 (defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-xref (level &optional header)
   "Insert temporary KILL commands for articles that have been crossposted.
 By default use the current crossposted groups.
 See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
   (interactive "p")
   (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-xref level header (current-time-string)))
  
 (defun gnus-kill-file-raise-by-subject (level &optional header date)
     "Raise score by LEVEL for current subject."
   (interactive "p")
   (gnus-kill-file-enter-kill
    "Subject"
    (regexp-quote 
     (gnus-simplify-subject 
      (header-subject (or header gnus-current-headers))))
    level
    date
    t))
  
 (defun gnus-kill-file-raise-by-author (level &optional header date)
   "Raise score by LEVEL for current author."
   (interactive "p")
   (gnus-kill-file-enter-kill
    "From"
    (regexp-quote (header-from (or header gnus-current-headers)))
    level
    date
    t))
 
 (defun gnus-kill-file-raise-by-xref (level &optional header date)
   "Raise score by LEVEL for articles that have been crossposted.
 By default use the current crossposted groups."
   (interactive "p")
    (let ((xref (header-xref (or header gnus-current-headers)))
        (start 0)
        group)
    (if xref
        (while (string-match " \\([^ \t]+\\):" xref start)
          (setq start (match-end 0))
          (if (not (string= 
                    (setq group 
                          (substring xref (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
                    gnus-newsgroup-name))
              (gnus-kill-file-enter-kill 
               "Xref"
               (concat " " (regexp-quote group) ":")
               level
               date
               t))))))

(defun gnus-kill-file-raise-followups-to-author
  (level &optional header)
  "Raise score for all followups to the current author."
  (interactive)
  (let ((name (header-from (or header gnus-current-headers)))
        (string))
    (save-excursion
      (gnus-kill-set-kill-buffer)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (setq name (read-string (concat "Add " level
                                      " to followup articles to: ")
                              (regexp-quote name)))
      (setq string
            (format "(gnus-kill %S %S '(gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-thread %S))\n"
                    "From" name level))
      (insert string)
      (gnus-kill-file-apply-string string))
    (message "Added permanent kill file entry for followups to %s." name)))

(defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-subject (level &optional header)
    "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current subject.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-lower-by-subject level header (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-author (level &optional header)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current author.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-lower-by-author level header (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-thread (level &optional header)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current thread.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-temporarily-raise-by-thread (- level) header))

(defun gnus-kill-file-temporarily-lower-by-xref (level &optional header)
  "Insert temporary KILL commands for articles that have been crossposted.
By default use the current crossposted groups.
See `gnus-kill-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-lower-by-xref level header (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-kill-file-lower-by-subject (level &optional header date)
    "Lower score by LEVEL for current subject."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-subject (- level) header date))

(defun gnus-kill-file-lower-by-author (level &optional header date)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current author."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-author (- level) header date))

(defun gnus-kill-file-lower-by-xref (level &optional header date)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for articles that have been crossposted.
By default use the current crossposted groups."
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-by-xref (- level) header date))

(defun gnus-kill-file-lower-followups-to-author
  (level &optional header)
  "Lower score for all followups to the current author."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-followups-to-author (- level) header))

(defun gnus-kill-file-apply-buffer ()
  "Apply current buffer to current newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (if (and gnus-current-kill-article
           (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
      ;; Assume newsgroup is selected.
      (gnus-kill-file-apply-string (buffer-string))
    (ding) (message "No newsgroup is selected.")))

(defun gnus-kill-file-apply-string (string)
  "Apply STRING to current newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (let ((string (concat "(progn \n" string "\n)" )))
    (save-excursion
      (save-window-excursion
        (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
        (eval (car (read-from-string string)))))))

(defun gnus-kill-file-apply-last-sexp ()
  "Apply sexp before point in current buffer to current newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (if (and gnus-current-kill-article
           (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
      ;; Assume newsgroup is selected.
      (let ((string
             (buffer-substring
              (save-excursion (forward-sexp -1) (point)) (point))))
        (save-excursion
          (save-window-excursion
            (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
            (eval (car (read-from-string string))))))
    (ding) (message "No newsgroup is selected.")))

(defun gnus-kill-file-exit ()
  "Save a KILL file, then return to the previous buffer."
  (interactive)
  (save-buffer)
  (let ((killbuf (current-buffer)))
    ;; We don't want to return to Article buffer.
    (and (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
         (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
    ;; Delete the KILL file windows.
    (delete-windows-on killbuf)
    ;; Restore last window configuration if available.
    (and gnus-winconf-kill-file
         (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-kill-file))
    (setq gnus-winconf-kill-file nil)
    ;; Kill the KILL file buffer.  Suggested by tale@pawl.rpi.edu.
    (kill-buffer killbuf)))

;; Basic ideas by emv@math.lsa.umich.edu (Edward Vielmetti)

(defun gnus-batch-kill ()
  "Run batched KILL.
Usage: emacs -batch -l gnus -f gnus-batch-kill NEWSGROUP ..."
  (if (not noninteractive)
      (error "gnus-batch-kill is to be used only with -batch"))
  (let* ((group nil)
         (subscribed nil)
         (newsrc nil)
         (yes-and-no
          (gnus-parse-n-options
           (apply (function concat)
                  (mapcar (lambda (g) (concat g " "))
                          command-line-args-left))))
         (yes (car yes-and-no))
         (no  (cdr yes-and-no))
         ;; Disable verbose message.
         (gnus-novice-user nil)
         (gnus-large-newsgroup nil))
    ;; Eat all arguments.
    (setq command-line-args-left nil)
    ;; Startup Gnus.
    (gnus)
    ;; Apply kills to specified newsgroups in command line arguments.
    (setq newsrc (copy-sequence gnus-newsrc-assoc))
    (while newsrc
      (setq group (car (car newsrc)))
      (setq subscribed (nth 1 (car newsrc)))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc))
      (if (and subscribed
               (not (zerop (car (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
               (if yes
                   (string-match yes group) t)
               (or (null no)
                   (not (string-match no group))))
          (progn
            (gnus-summary-read-group group nil t)
            (if (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
                (gnus-summary-exit t))
            ))
      )
    ;; Finally, exit Emacs.
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (gnus-group-exit)
    ))

;; For KILL files

(defun gnus-Newsgroup-kill-file (newsgroup)
  "Return the name of a KILL file of NEWSGROUP.
If NEWSGROUP is nil, return the global KILL file instead."
  (cond ((or (null newsgroup)
             (string-equal newsgroup ""))
         ;; The global KILL file is placed at top of the directory.
         (expand-file-name gnus-kill-file-name
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        (gnus-use-long-file-name
         ;; Append ".KILL" to capitalized newsgroup name.
         (expand-file-name (concat (gnus-capitalize-newsgroup newsgroup)
                                   "." gnus-kill-file-name)
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        (t
         ;; Place "KILL" under the hierarchical directory.
         (expand-file-name (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup)
                                   "/" gnus-kill-file-name)
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        ))

(defun gnus-newsgroup-kill-file (newsgroup)
  "Return the name of a KILL file of NEWSGROUP.
If NEWSGROUP is nil, return the global KILL file instead."
  (cond ((or (null newsgroup)
             (string-equal newsgroup ""))
         ;; The global KILL file is placed at top of the directory.
         (expand-file-name gnus-kill-file-name
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        (gnus-use-long-file-name
         ;; Append ".KILL" to newsgroup name.
         (expand-file-name (concat newsgroup "." gnus-kill-file-name)
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        (t
         ;; Place "KILL" under the hierarchical directory.
         (expand-file-name (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup)
                                   "/" gnus-kill-file-name)
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        ))


(defalias 'gnus-expunge 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-with)

(defun gnus-apply-kill-file ()
  "Apply KILL file to the current newsgroup.
Returns the number of articles killed."
  (let ((kill-files (list (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file nil)
                          (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file gnus-newsgroup-name)))
        (unreads (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
        (mark-below gnus-summary-default-interest)
        (gnus-summary-inhibit-highlight t)
        (expunge-below nil)
        form beg)
    (save-excursion
      (while kill-files
        (if (file-exists-p (car kill-files))
            (progn
              (find-file (car kill-files))
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (while (progn
                       (setq beg (point))
                       (setq form (condition-case nil 
                                      (read (current-buffer)) (error nil))))
                (if (eq (car form) 'gnus-kill)
                    (progn
                      (delete-region beg (point))
                      (insert (or (eval form) "")))
                  (eval form)))
              (save-buffer)))
        (setq kill-files (cdr kill-files))))
    (if expunge-below (gnus-summary-expunge-below expunge-below))
    (if mark-below (gnus-summary-mark-below mark-below ?X) )
    (let (gnus-summary-inhibit-highlight)
      (gnus-summary-update-lines))
    (if beg
        (let ((nunreads (- unreads (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads))))
          (or (eq nunreads 0)
              (message "Killed %d articles" nunreads))
          nunreads)
      0)))

;; Kill changes and new format by suggested by JWZ and Sudish Joseph
;; <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.  
(defun gnus-kill (field regexp &optional exe-command all)
  "If FIELD of an article matches REGEXP, execute COMMAND.
Optional 1st argument COMMAND is default to
        (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil \"X\").
If optional 2nd argument ALL is non-nil, articles marked are also applied to.
If FIELD is an empty string (or nil), entire article body is searched for.
COMMAND must be a lisp expression or a string representing a key sequence."
  ;; We don't want to change current point nor window configuration.
  (save-excursion
    (save-window-excursion
      ;; Selected window must be Summary buffer to execute keyboard
      ;; macros correctly. See command_loop_1.
      (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer 'norecord)
      (goto-char (point-min))           ;From the beginning.
      (let ((kill-list regexp)
            (date (current-time-string))
            (command (or exe-command '(gnus-summary-mark-as-read 
                                       nil gnus-kill-file-mark)))
            kill kdate prev)
        (if (listp kill-list)
            ;; It is a list.
            (if (not (consp (cdr kill-list)))
                ;; It's on the form (regexp . date).
                (if (= 0 (gnus-execute field (car kill-list) 
                                       command nil (not all)))
                    (if (> (gnus-days-between (cdr kill-list) date)
                           gnus-kill-expiry-days)
                        (setq regexp nil))
                  (setcdr kill-list date))
              (while (setq kill (car kill-list))
                (if (consp kill)
                    ;; It's a temporary kill.
                    (progn
                      (setq kdate (cdr kill))
                      (if (= 0 (gnus-execute field (car kill) command 
                                             nil (not all)))
                          (if (> (gnus-days-between kdate date)
                                 gnus-kill-expiry-days)
                              ;; Time limit has been exceeded, so we
                              ;; remove the match.
                              (if prev
                                  (setcdr prev (cdr kill-list))
                                (setq regexp (cdr regexp))))
                        ;; Successful kill. Set the date to today.
                        (setcdr kill date)))
                  ;; It's a permanent kill.
                  (gnus-execute field kill command nil (not all)))
                (setq prev kill-list)
                (setq kill-list (cdr kill-list))))
          (gnus-execute field kill-list command nil (not all)))
        )))
  (if regexp
      (gnus-pp-gnus-kill
       (nconc (list 'gnus-kill field 
                    (if (consp regexp) (list 'quote regexp) regexp))
              (if (or exe-command all) (list (list 'quote exe-command)))
              (if all (list t) nil)))))

(defun gnus-pp-gnus-kill (object)
  (if (or (not (consp (nth 2 object)))
          (not (consp (cdr (nth 2 object))))
          (and (eq 'quote (car (nth 2 object)))
               (not (consp (cdr (car (cdr (nth 2 object))))))))
      (concat "\n" (prin1-to-string object))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Gnus PP*"))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert (format "\n(gnus-kill %S\n  '(" (nth 1 object)))
      (let ((klist (car (cdr (nth 2 object))))
            (first t))
        (while klist
          (insert (if first (progn (setq first nil) "")  "\n   ")
                  (prin1-to-string (car klist)))
          (setq klist (cdr klist))))
      (insert ")")
      (if (nth 3 object)
          (insert "\n  '" (prin1-to-string (nth 3 object))))
      (if (nth 4 object)
          (insert "\n  t"))
      (insert ")")
      (prog1
          (buffer-substring (point-min) (point-max))
        (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))))

(defun gnus-days-between (date1 date2)
  ;; Return the number of days between date1 and date2.
  (let ((d1 (mapcar (lambda (s) (and s (string-to-int s)) )
                    (timezone-parse-date date1)))
        (d2 (mapcar (lambda (s) (and s (string-to-int s)) )
                    (timezone-parse-date date2))))
    (- (timezone-absolute-from-gregorian 
        (nth 1 d1) (nth 2 d1) (car d1))
       (timezone-absolute-from-gregorian 
        (nth 1 d2) (nth 2 d2) (car d2)))))

(defun gnus-execute (field regexp form &optional backward ignore-marked)
  "If FIELD of article header matches REGEXP, execute lisp FORM (or a string).
If FIELD is an empty string (or nil), entire article body is searched for.
If optional 1st argument BACKWARD is non-nil, do backward instead.
If optional 2nd argument IGNORE-MARKED is non-nil, articles which are
marked as read or ticked are ignored."
  (save-excursion
    (let ((killed-no 0)
          function header article)
      (if (or (null field) (string-equal field ""))
          (setq field nil)
        ;; Get access function of header filed.
        (setq function (intern-soft (concat "gnus-header-" (downcase field))))
        (if (and function (fboundp function))
            (setq function (symbol-function function))
          (error "Unknown header field: \"%s\"" field))
        ;; The function is a macro, so we have to check whether is has
        ;; been compiled or not, and make a real function out of it. 
        ;;      (if (consp (cdr function))
        ;;        (setq function (nth 3 function))
        ;;      (setq function (list 'byte-code (aref function 1) (aref function 2)
        ;;                           (aref function 3)))))
        ;; Make FORM funcallable.
        (if (and (listp form) (not (eq (car form) 'lambda)))
            (setq form (list 'lambda nil form)))
        ;; Starting from the current article.
        (while (or (not article) ; Do the first line.
                   (gnus-summary-search-subject backward ignore-marked))
          (setq article (gnus-summary-article-number))
          (or (gnus-member-of-range article gnus-newsgroup-killed)
              (and ignore-marked
                   ;; Articles marked as read, ticked and dormant
                   ;; should be ignored. 
                   (or (not (memq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                       (memq article gnus-newsgroup-marked)
                       (memq article gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))
              (gnus-execute-1 function regexp form article) 
              (setq killed-no (1+ killed-no)))))
      killed-no)))

(defun gnus-execute-1 (function regexp form article)
  (save-excursion
    (let (did-kill)
      (if (null article)
          nil                           ;Nothing to do.
        (if function
            ;; Compare with header field.
            (let ((header (gnus-get-header-by-number article))
                  value)
              (and header
                   (progn
                     (setq value (funcall function header))
                     ;; Number (Lines:) or symbol must be converted to string.
                     (or (stringp value)
                         (setq value (prin1-to-string value)))
                     (setq did-kill (string-match regexp value)))
                   (if (stringp form)   ;Keyboard macro.
                       (execute-kbd-macro form)
                     (funcall form))))
          ;; Search article body.
          (let ((gnus-current-article nil) ;Save article pointer.
                (gnus-last-article nil)
                (gnus-break-pages nil)  ;No need to break pages.
                (gnus-mark-article-hook nil)) ;Inhibit marking as read.
            (message "Searching for article: %d..." article)
            (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
            (gnus-article-prepare article t)
            (if (save-excursion
                  (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
                  (goto-char (point-min))
                  (setq did-kill (re-search-forward regexp nil t)))
                (if (stringp form)      ;Keyboard macro.
                    (execute-kbd-macro form)
                  (funcall form))))))
      did-kill)))

\f
;;; 
;;; Gnus Posting Functions
;;;

(defvar gnus-organization-file "/usr/lib/news/organization"
  "*Local news organization file.")

(defvar gnus-post-news-buffer "*post-news*")
(defvar gnus-winconf-post-news nil)

(autoload 'news-reply-mode "rnewspost")

;;; Post news commands of Gnus Group Mode and Summary Mode

(defun gnus-group-post-news ()
  "Post an article."
  (interactive)
  ;; Save window configuration.
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  ;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
  (or gnus-newsgroup-name (setq gnus-newsgroup-name (gnus-group-group-name)))
  (unwind-protect
      (gnus-post-news 'post nil)
    (or (and (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
             (not (zerop (buffer-size))))
        ;; Restore last window configuration.
        (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news)))
  ;; We don't want to return to Summary buffer nor Article buffer later.
  (if (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
      (bury-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
  (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
      (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)))

(defun gnus-summary-post-news ()
  "Post an article."
  (interactive)
  ;; Save window configuration.
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  (unwind-protect
      (gnus-post-news 'post gnus-newsgroup-name)
    (or (and (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
             (not (zerop (buffer-size))))
        ;; Restore last window configuration.
        (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news)))
  ;; We don't want to return to Article buffer later.
  (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
      (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)))

(defun gnus-summary-followup (yank)
  "Compose a followup to an article.
If prefix argument YANK is non-nil, original article is yanked automatically."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (let ((headers gnus-current-headers)
        (gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    ;; Check Followup-To: poster.
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (if (and gnus-use-followup-to
             (string-equal "poster" (gnus-fetch-field "followup-to"))
             (or (not (eq gnus-use-followup-to t))
                 (not (y-or-n-p 
                       "Do you want to ignore `Followup-To: poster'? "))))
        ;; Mail to the poster.  Gnus is now RFC1036 compliant.
        (gnus-summary-reply yank)
      ;; Save window configuration.
      (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
      (unwind-protect
          (gnus-post-news 'followup headers gnus-article-buffer yank)
        (or (and (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
                 (not (zerop (buffer-size))))
            ;; Restore last window configuration.
            (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news)))
      ;; We don't want to return to Article buffer later.
      (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer))))

(defun gnus-summary-followup-with-original ()
  "Compose a followup to an article and include the original article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-followup t))

(defun gnus-summary-cancel-article ()
  "Cancel an article you posted."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
    (gnus-cancel-news)))

(defun gnus-summary-supersede-article ()
  "Compose an article that will supersede a previous article.
This is done simply by taking the old article and adding a Supersedes
header line with the old Message-ID."
  (interactive)
  (if (not
       (string-equal
        (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names 
                   (header-from gnus-current-headers)))
        (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names (gnus-inews-user-name)))))
      (error "This article is not yours."))
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
      (if (not (re-search-backward "^Message-ID: " nil t))
          (error "No Message-ID in this article"))))
  (if (gnus-post-news 'post gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (progn
        (erase-buffer)
        (insert-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
        (if (not (re-search-backward "^Message-ID: " nil t))
            (error "No Message-ID in this article")
          (replace-match "Supersedes: "))
        (search-forward "\n\n")
        (forward-line -1)
        (insert mail-header-separator))))

\f
;;; Post a News using NNTP

;;;###autoload
(fset 'sendnews 'gnus-post-news)

;;;###autoload
(fset 'postnews 'gnus-post-news)

(defun gnus-post-news (method &optional header article-buffer yank)
  "Begin editing a new USENET news article to be posted.
Type \\[describe-mode] in the buffer to get a list of commands."
  (interactive)
  (if (or (not gnus-novice-user)
          gnus-expert-user
          (not (eq 'post 
                   (nth 1 (assoc 
                           (format "%s" (car gnus-current-select-method))
                           gnus-valid-select-methods))))
          (y-or-n-p "Are you sure you want to post to all of USENET? "))
      (let ((sumart (if (eq method 'followup)
                        (save-excursion
                          (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                          (cons (current-buffer) gnus-current-article))))
            post-buf)
        (if (and gnus-interactive-post
                 (not gnus-expert-user)
                 (eq method 'post)
                 (not header))
            (setq header 
                  (completing-read "Newsgroup: " gnus-active-hashtb nil t)))
        (setq mail-reply-buffer article-buffer)
        (setq gnus-post-news-buffer 
              (setq post-buf
                    (gnus-request-post-buffer 
                     method (if (stringp header) 
                                (gnus-group-real-name header) header)
                     article-buffer)))
        (if (eq method 'post)
            (progn
              (delete-other-windows)
              (switch-to-buffer post-buf))
          (delete-other-windows)
          (if (not yank)
              (progn
                (switch-to-buffer article-buffer)
                (pop-to-buffer post-buf))
            (switch-to-buffer post-buf)))
        (gnus-overload-functions)
        (make-local-variable 'gnus-article-reply)
        (make-local-variable 'gnus-article-check-size)
        (setq gnus-article-reply sumart)
        ;; Handle author copy using FCC field.
        (if gnus-author-copy
            (progn
              (mail-position-on-field "FCC")
              (insert gnus-author-copy)))
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (if (and (eq method 'post) (not header))
            (end-of-line)
          (search-forward (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
          (if yank 
              (save-excursion
                (run-hooks 'news-reply-header-hook)
                (mail-yank-original nil)))
          (if gnus-post-prepare-function
              (funcall gnus-post-prepare-function 
                       (if (stringp header) header gnus-newsgroup-name))))))
  (setq gnus-article-check-size (cons (buffer-size) (gnus-article-checksum)))
  (message "")
  t)

(defun gnus-inews-news ()
  "Send a news message."
  (interactive)
  ;; Check whether the article is a Good Net Citizen.
  (if (not (gnus-inews-check-post))
      ;; Aber nein!
      ()
    ;; Looks ok, so we do the nasty.
    (let* ((case-fold-search nil)
           (server-running (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method))
           (reply gnus-article-reply))
      (save-excursion
        ;; Connect to default NNTP server if necessary.
        ;; Suggested by yuki@flab.fujitsu.junet.
        (gnus-start-news-server)        ;Use default server.
        ;; NNTP server must be opened before current buffer is modified.
        (widen)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (run-hooks 'news-inews-hook)
        (save-restriction
          (narrow-to-region
           (point-min)
           (progn
             (goto-char (point-min))
             (search-forward (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
             (point)))

          ;; Correct newsgroups field: change sequence of spaces to comma and 
          ;; eliminate spaces around commas.  Eliminate imbedded line breaks.
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (search-forward-regexp "^Newsgroups: +" nil t)
              (save-restriction
                (narrow-to-region
                 (point)
                 (if (re-search-forward "^[^ \t]" nil 'end)
                     (match-beginning 0)
                   (point-max)))
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (replace-regexp "\n[ \t]+" " ") ;No line breaks (too confusing)
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (replace-regexp "[ \t\n]*,[ \t\n]*\\|[ \t]+" ",")
                ))

          ;; Mail the message too if To: or Cc: exists.
          (if (or (mail-fetch-field "to" nil t)
                  (mail-fetch-field "cc" nil t))
              (if gnus-mail-send-method
                  (progn
                    (message "Sending via mail...")
                    (widen)
                    (funcall gnus-mail-send-method)
                    (message "Sending via mail... done"))
                (ding)
                (message "No mailer defined.  To: and/or Cc: fields ignored.")
                (sit-for 1))))

        ;; Send to NNTP server. 
        (message "Posting to USENET...")
        (if (gnus-inews-article)
            (progn
              (message "Posting to USENET... done")
              (if (and reply
                       (get-buffer (car reply))
                       (buffer-name (car reply)))
                  (progn
                    (save-excursion
                      (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                      (gnus-summary-mark-article-as-replied 
                       (cdr reply))))))
          ;; We cannot signal an error.
          (ding) (message "Article rejected: %s" 
                          (gnus-status-message gnus-select-method)))
        (set-buffer-modified-p nil))
      ;; If NNTP server is opened by gnus-inews-news, close it by myself.
      (or server-running
          (gnus-close-server gnus-current-select-method))
      (and (fboundp 'bury-buffer) (bury-buffer))
      ;; Restore last window configuration.
      (and gnus-winconf-post-news
           (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news))
      (setq gnus-winconf-post-news nil))))

(defun gnus-inews-check-post ()
  "Check whether the post looks ok."
  (and 
   ;; First check for an empty Subject line. 
   (save-excursion
     (save-restriction
       (narrow-to-region 
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (progn (search-forward (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n")) 
               (point)))
       (goto-char (point-min))
       (if (or (not (re-search-forward "^Subject: +" nil t))
               (eolp))
           (yes-or-no-p
            "The Subject field is empty. Do you really want to post this article? ")
         t)))
   ;; Then use the (size . checksum) variable to see whether the
   ;; article is empty or has only quoted text.
   (if (and (= (buffer-size) (car gnus-article-check-size))
            (= (gnus-article-checksum) (cdr gnus-article-check-size)))
       (yes-or-no-p "It looks like there's no new text in your article. Really post it? ")
     t)))

(defun gnus-article-checksum ()
  (let ((sum 0))
    (save-excursion
      (while (not (eobp))
        (setq sum (logxor sum (following-char)))
        (forward-char 1)))
    sum))

(defun gnus-cancel-news ()
  "Cancel an article you posted."
  (interactive)
  (if (yes-or-no-p "Do you really want to cancel this article? ")
      (let ((from nil)
            (newsgroups nil)
            (message-id nil)
            (distribution nil))
        (save-excursion
          ;; Get header info. from original article.
          (save-restriction
            (gnus-article-show-all-headers)
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (search-forward "\n\n" nil 'move)
            (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
            (setq from (mail-fetch-field "from"))
            (setq newsgroups (mail-fetch-field "newsgroups"))
            (setq message-id (mail-fetch-field "message-id"))
            (setq distribution (mail-fetch-field "distribution")))
          ;; Verify if the article is absolutely user's by comparing
          ;; user id with value of its From: field.
          (if (not
               (string-equal
                (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names from))
                (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names (gnus-inews-user-name)))))
              (progn
                (ding) (message "This article is not yours."))
            ;; Make control article.
            (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-canceling*"))
            (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
            (erase-buffer)
            (insert "Newsgroups: " newsgroups "\n"
                    "Subject: cancel " message-id "\n"
                    "Control: cancel " message-id "\n"
                    mail-header-separator "\n"
                    )
            ;; Send the control article to NNTP server.
            (message "Canceling your article...")
            (if (gnus-inews-article)
                (message "Canceling your article... done")
              (ding) (message "Failed to cancel your article"))
            ;; Kill the article buffer.
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
            )))
    ))

\f
;;; Lowlevel inews interface

(defun gnus-inews-article ()
  "Post an article in current buffer using NNTP protocol."
  (let ((artbuf (current-buffer))
        (tmpbuf (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-posting*")))
    (widen)
    (goto-char (point-max))
    ;; require a newline at the end for inews to append .signature to
    (or (= (preceding-char) ?\n)
        (insert ?\n))
    ;; Prepare article headers.  All message body such as signature
    ;; must be inserted before Lines: field is prepared.
    (save-restriction
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (narrow-to-region 
       (point-min) 
       (save-excursion
         (search-forward (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n")) 
         (forward-line -1) 
         (point)))
      (gnus-inews-insert-headers)
      (widen))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer tmpbuf)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert-buffer-substring artbuf)
      ;; Remove the header separator.
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (search-forward (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
      (replace-match "\n\n")
      ;; This hook may insert a signature.
      (run-hooks 'gnus-prepare-article-hook)
      ;; Run final inews hooks.  This hook may do FCC.
      ;; The article must be saved before being posted because
      ;; `gnus-request-post' modifies the buffer.
      (run-hooks 'gnus-inews-article-hook)
      ;; Post an article to NNTP server.
      ;; Return NIL if post failed.
      (prog1
          (gnus-request-post gnus-current-select-method)
        (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
      )))

(defun gnus-inews-insert-headers ()
  "Prepare article headers.
Fields already prepared in the buffer are not modified.
Fields in `gnus-required-headers' will be generated."
  (save-excursion
    (let ((date (gnus-inews-date))
          (message-id (gnus-inews-message-id))
          (organization (gnus-inews-organization)))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (and (memq 'Path gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "path")
               (gnus-insert-end "Path: " (gnus-inews-path) "\n")))
      (and (memq 'From gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "from")
               (gnus-insert-end "From: " (gnus-inews-user-name) "\n")))
      ;; If there is no subject, make Subject: field.
      (and (memq 'Subject gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "subject")
               (gnus-insert-end "Subject: \n")))
      ;; If there is no newsgroups, make Newsgroups: field.
      (and (memq 'Newsgroups gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "newsgroups")
               (gnus-insert-end "Newsgroups: \n")))
      (and message-id
           (memq 'Message-ID gnus-required-headers)
           (progn
             (if (mail-fetch-field "message-id")
                 (progn
                   (goto-char (point-min))
                   (re-search-forward "^Message-ID" nil t)
                   (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                                  (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))))
             (gnus-insert-end "Message-ID: " message-id "\n")))
      (and date
           (memq 'Date gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "date")
               (gnus-insert-end "Date: " date "\n")))
      ;; Optional fields in RFC977 and RFC1036
      (and organization
           (memq 'Organization gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "organization")
               (let ((begin (point-max))
                     (fill-column 79)
                     (fill-prefix "\t"))
                 (gnus-insert-end "Organization: " organization "\n")
                 (fill-region-as-paragraph begin (point-max)))))
      (and (memq 'Distribution gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "distribution")
               (gnus-insert-end "Distribution: \n")))
      (and (memq 'Lines gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "lines")
               (gnus-insert-end "Lines: " (gnus-inews-lines) "\n")))
      (and (memq 'X-Newsreader gnus-required-headers)
           (or (mail-fetch-field "x-newsreader")
               (gnus-insert-end "X-Newsreader: " gnus-version "\n")))
      )))


(defun gnus-insert-end (&rest args)
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char (point-max))
    (apply 'insert args)))

(defun gnus-inews-insert-signature ()
  "Insert signature file in current article buffer.
If there is a file named .signature-DISTRIBUTION. Set the variable to
nil to prevent appending the signature file automatically.
Signature file is specified by the variable gnus-signature-file."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (let ((signature
             (if gnus-signature-file
                 (expand-file-name gnus-signature-file nil)))
            distribution)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (search-forward "\n\n")
        (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
        (setq distribution (mail-fetch-field "distribution"))
        (widen)
        (if signature
            (progn
              ;; Insert signature.
              (if (file-exists-p signature)
                  (progn
                    (goto-char (point-max))
                    (insert "--\n")
                    (insert-file-contents signature)))
              ))))))

(defun gnus-inews-do-fcc ()
  "Process FCC: fields in current article buffer.
Unless the first character of the field is `|', the article is saved
to the specified file using the function specified by the variable
gnus-author-copy-saver.  The default function rmail-output saves in
Unix mailbox format.
If the first character is `|', the contents of the article is send to
a program specified by the rest of the value."
  (let ((fcc-list nil)
        (fcc-file nil)
        (case-fold-search t))           ;Should ignore case.
    (save-excursion
      (save-restriction
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (search-forward "\n\n")
        (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (while (re-search-forward "^FCC:[ \t]*" nil t)
          (setq fcc-list
                (cons (buffer-substring
                       (point)
                       (progn
                         (end-of-line)
                         (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                         (point)))
                      fcc-list))
          (delete-region (match-beginning 0)
                         (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
        ;; Process FCC operations.
        (widen)
        (while fcc-list
          (setq fcc-file (car fcc-list))
          (setq fcc-list (cdr fcc-list))
          (cond ((string-match "^[ \t]*|[ \t]*\\(.*\\)[ \t]*$" fcc-file)
                 (let ((program (substring fcc-file
                                           (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
                   ;; Suggested by yuki@flab.fujitsu.junet.
                   ;; Send article to named program.
                   (call-process-region (point-min) (point-max) shell-file-name
                                        nil nil nil "-c" program)
                   ))
                (t
                 ;; Suggested by hyoko@flab.fujitsu.junet.
                 ;; Save article in Unix mail format by default.
                 (if (and gnus-author-copy-saver
                          (not (eq gnus-author-copy-saver 'rmail-output)))
                     (funcall gnus-author-copy-saver fcc-file)
                   (if (and (file-readable-p fcc-file) (rmail-file-p fcc-file))
                       (gnus-output-to-rmail fcc-file)
                     (rmail-output fcc-file 1 t t)))
                 ))
          )
        ))
    ))

(defun gnus-inews-path ()
  "Return uucp path."
  (let ((login-name (gnus-inews-login-name)))
    (cond ((null gnus-use-generic-path)
           (concat (nth 1 gnus-select-method) "!" login-name))
          ((stringp gnus-use-generic-path)
           ;; Support GENERICPATH.  Suggested by vixie@decwrl.dec.com.
           (concat gnus-use-generic-path "!" login-name))
          (t login-name))
    ))

(defun gnus-inews-user-name ()
  "Return user's network address as `NAME@DOMAIN (FULLNAME)'."
  (let ((full-name (gnus-inews-full-name)))
    (concat (or user-mail-address
                (if (or gnus-user-login-name gnus-use-generic-from
                        gnus-local-domain (getenv "DOMAINNAME"))
                    (concat (gnus-inews-login-name) "@"
                            (gnus-inews-domain-name gnus-use-generic-from))
                  user-mail-address))
            ;; User's full name.
            (cond ((string-equal full-name "") "")
                  ((string-equal full-name "&") ;Unix hack.
                   (concat " (" (user-login-name) ")"))
                  (t
                   (concat " (" full-name ")")))
            )))

(defun gnus-inews-login-name ()
  "Return user login name.
Got from the variable `gnus-user-login-name' and the function
`user-login-name'."
  (or gnus-user-login-name (user-login-name)))

(defun gnus-inews-full-name ()
  "Return user full name.
Got from the variable `gnus-user-full-name', the environment variable
NAME, and the function `user-full-name'."
  (or gnus-user-full-name
      (getenv "NAME") (user-full-name)))

(defun gnus-inews-domain-name (&optional genericfrom)
  "Return user's domain name.
If optional argument GENERICFROM is a string, use it as the domain
name; if it is non-nil, strip of local host name from the domain name.
If the function `system-name' returns full internet name and the
domain is undefined, the domain name is got from it."
  (if (or genericfrom gnus-local-domain (getenv "DOMAINNAME"))
      (let ((domain (or (if (stringp genericfrom) genericfrom)
                        (getenv "DOMAINNAME")
                        gnus-local-domain
                        ;; Function `system-name' may return full internet name.
                        ;; Suggested by Mike DeCorte <mrd@sun.soe.clarkson.edu>.
                        (if (string-match "\\." (system-name))
                            (substring (system-name) (match-end 0)))
                        (read-string "Domain name (no host): ")))
            (host (or (if (string-match "\\." (system-name))
                          (substring (system-name) 0 (match-beginning 0)))
                      (system-name))))
        (if (string-equal "." (substring domain 0 1))
            (setq domain (substring domain 1)))
        ;; Support GENERICFROM as same as standard Bnews system.
        ;; Suggested by ohm@kaba.junet and vixie@decwrl.dec.com.
        (cond ((null genericfrom)
               (concat host "." domain))
              ;;((stringp genericfrom) genericfrom)
              (t domain)))
    (substring user-mail-address (1+ (string-match "@" user-mail-address)))))

(defun gnus-inews-message-id ()
  "Generate unique Message-ID for user."
  ;; Message-ID should not contain a slash and should be terminated by
  ;; a number.  I don't know the reason why it is so.
  (concat "<" (gnus-inews-unique-id) "@" (gnus-inews-domain-name) ">"))

(defun gnus-inews-unique-id ()
  "Generate unique ID from user name and current time."
  (let ((date (current-time-string))
        (name (gnus-inews-login-name)))
    (if (string-match "^[^ ]+ \\([^ ]+\\)[ ]+\\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\):\\([0-9]+\\):\\([0-9]+\\) [0-9][0-9]\\([0-9][0-9]\\)"
                      date)
        (concat (upcase name) "."
                (substring date (match-beginning 6) (match-end 6)) ;Year
                (substring date (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)) ;Month
                (substring date (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)) ;Day
                (substring date (match-beginning 3) (match-end 3)) ;Hour
                (substring date (match-beginning 4) (match-end 4)) ;Minute
                (substring date (match-beginning 5) (match-end 5)) ;Second
                )
      (error "Cannot understand current-time-string: %s." date))
    ))

(defun gnus-current-time-zone (time)
  "The local time zone in effect at TIME, or nil if not known."
  (let ((z (and (fboundp 'current-time-zone) (current-time-zone time))))
    (if (and z (car z)) z gnus-local-timezone)))

(defun gnus-inews-date ()
  "Date string of today.
If `current-time-zone' works, or if `gnus-local-timezone' is set correctly,
this yields a date that conforms to RFC 822.  Otherwise a buggy date will
be generated; this might work with some older news servers."
  (let* ((now (and (fboundp 'current-time) (current-time)))
         (zone (gnus-current-time-zone now)))
    (if zone
        (gnus-inews-valid-date now zone)
      ;; No timezone info.
      (gnus-inews-buggy-date now))))

(defun gnus-inews-valid-date (&optional time zone)
  "A date string that represents TIME and conforms to the Usenet standard.
TIME is optional and defaults to the current time.
Some older versions of Emacs always act as if TIME is nil.
The optional argument ZONE specifies the local time zone (default GMT)."
  (timezone-make-date-arpa-standard
   (if (fboundp 'current-time)
       (current-time-string time)
     (current-time-string))
   zone "GMT"))

(defun gnus-inews-buggy-date (&optional time)
  "A buggy date string that represents TIME.
TIME is optional and defaults to the current time.
Some older versions of Emacs always act as if TIME is nil."
  (let ((date (if (fboundp 'current-time)
                  (current-time-string time)
                (current-time-string))))
    (if (string-match "^[^ ]+ \\([^ ]+\\)[ ]+\\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9:]+\\) [0-9][0-9]\\([0-9][0-9]\\)"
                      date)
        (concat (substring date (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)) ;Day
                " "
                (substring date (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)) ;Month
                " "
                (substring date (match-beginning 4) (match-end 4)) ;Year
                " "
                (substring date (match-beginning 3) (match-end 3))) ;Time
      (error "Cannot understand current-time-string: %s." date))
    ))

(defun gnus-inews-organization ()
  "Return user's organization.
The ORGANIZATION environment variable is used if defined.
If not, the variable gnus-local-organization is used instead.
If the value begins with a slash, it is taken as the name of a file
containing the organization."
  ;; The organization must be got in this order since the ORGANIZATION
  ;; environment variable is intended for user specific while
  ;; gnus-local-organization is for machine or organization specific.

  (let* ((private-file (expand-file-name "~/.organization" nil))
         (organization (or (getenv "ORGANIZATION")
                           gnus-local-organization
                           private-file)))
    (and (stringp organization)
         (> (length organization) 0)
         (string-equal (substring organization 0 1) "/")
         ;; Get it from the user and system file.
         ;; Suggested by roland@wheaties.ai.mit.edu (Roland McGrath).
         (let ((dist (mail-fetch-field "distribution")))
           (setq organization
                 (cond ((file-exists-p (concat organization "-" dist))
                        (concat organization "-" dist))
                       ((file-exists-p organization) organization)
                       ((file-exists-p gnus-organization-file)
                        gnus-organization-file)
                       (t organization)))
           ))
    (cond ((not (stringp organization)) nil)
          ((and (string-equal (substring organization 0 1) "/")
                (file-exists-p organization))
           ;; If the first character is `/', assume it is the name of
           ;; a file containing the organization.
           (save-excursion
             (let ((tmpbuf (get-buffer-create " *Gnus organization*")))
               (set-buffer tmpbuf)
               (erase-buffer)
               (insert-file-contents organization)
               (prog1 (buffer-string)
                 (kill-buffer tmpbuf))
               )))
          ((string-equal organization private-file) nil) ;No such file
          (t organization))
    ))

(defun gnus-inews-lines ()
  "Count the number of lines and return numeric string."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (search-forward "\n\n" nil 'move)
      (int-to-string (count-lines (point) (point-max))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Mail Functions 
;;;

(autoload 'news-mail-reply "rnewspost")
(autoload 'news-mail-other-window "rnewspost")

;;; Mail reply commands of Gnus Summary Mode

(defun gnus-summary-reply (yank)
  "Reply mail to news author.
If prefix argument YANK is non-nil, original article is yanked automatically.
Customize the variable gnus-mail-reply-method to use another mailer."
  (interactive "P")
  ;; Bug fix by jbw@bigbird.bu.edu (Joe Wells)
  ;; Stripping headers should be specified with mail-yank-ignored-headers.
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (funcall gnus-mail-reply-method yank)))

(defun gnus-summary-reply-with-original ()
  "Reply mail to news author with original article.
Customize the variable gnus-mail-reply-method to use another mailer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-reply t))

(defun gnus-summary-mail-forward ()
  "Forward the current message to another user.
Customize the variable gnus-mail-forward-method to use another mailer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
  (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (funcall gnus-mail-forward-method)))

(defun gnus-summary-mail-other-window ()
  "Compose mail in other window.
Customize the variable `gnus-mail-other-window-method' to use another
mailer."
  (interactive)
  (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (funcall gnus-mail-other-window-method)))

(defun gnus-mail-reply-using-mail (&optional yank to-address)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
          (group (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
          (cur (cons (current-buffer) gnus-current-article))
          from subject date to reply-to message-of
          references message-id sender follow-to)
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*mail*"))
      (mail-mode)
      (make-local-variable 'gnus-article-reply)
      (setq gnus-article-reply cur)
      (local-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-mail-send-and-exit)
      (local-set-key "\C-c\C-y" 'gnus-mail-yank-original)
      (if (and (buffer-modified-p)
               (> (buffer-size) 0)
               (not (y-or-n-p "Unsent article being composed; erase it? ")))
          ()
        (erase-buffer)
        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (narrow-to-region (point-min)
                            (progn (search-forward "\n\n") (point)))
          (set-text-properties (point-min) (point-max) nil)
          (if (and (boundp 'gnus-reply-to-function)
                   gnus-reply-to-function)
              (save-excursion
                (save-restriction
                  (gnus-narrow-to-headers)
                  (setq follow-to (funcall gnus-reply-to-function group)))))
          (setq from (mail-fetch-field "from"))
          (setq date (mail-fetch-field "date"))
          (and from
               (let ((stop-pos 
                      (string-match "  *at \\|  *@ \\| *(\\| *<" from)))
                 (setq message-of
                       (concat (if stop-pos (substring from 0 stop-pos) from)
                               "'s message of " date))))
          (setq sender (mail-fetch-field "sender"))
          (setq subject (or (mail-fetch-field "subject")
                            "Re: none"))
          (or (string-match "^[Rr][Ee]:" subject)
              (setq subject (concat "Re: " subject)))
          (setq reply-to (mail-fetch-field "reply-to"))
          (setq references (mail-fetch-field "references"))
          (setq message-id (mail-fetch-field "message-id"))
          (widen))
        (setq news-reply-yank-from from)
        (setq news-reply-yank-message-id message-id)
        (mail-setup (or to-address follow-to reply-to from sender)
                    subject message-of nil gnus-article-buffer nil)
        ;; Fold long references line to follow RFC1036.
        (mail-position-on-field "References")
        (let ((begin (- (point) (length "References: ")))
              (fill-column 78)
              (fill-prefix "\t"))
          (if references (insert references))
          (if (and references message-id) (insert " "))
          (if message-id (insert message-id))
          ;; The region must end with a newline to fill the region
          ;; without inserting extra newline.
          (fill-region-as-paragraph begin (1+ (point))))
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (search-forward (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
        (if yank
            (let ((last (point)))
              (run-hooks 'news-reply-header-hook)
              (mail-yank-original nil)
              (goto-char last))))
      (if (not yank)
          (let ((mail (current-buffer)))
            (switch-to-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
            (delete-other-windows)
            (switch-to-buffer-other-window mail))
        (delete-other-windows)
        (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))))))

(defun gnus-mail-yank-original ()
  (interactive)
  (run-hooks 'news-reply-header-hook)
  (mail-yank-original nil))

(defun gnus-mail-send-and-exit ()
  (interactive)
  (let ((reply gnus-article-reply))
    (mail-send-and-exit nil)
    (if (and reply
             (get-buffer (car reply))
             (buffer-name (car reply)))
        (progn
          (set-buffer (car reply))
          (gnus-summary-mark-article-as-replied 
           (cdr reply)))))
  (if gnus-winconf-post-news
      (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news)))

(defun gnus-mail-forward-using-mail ()
  "Forward the current message to another user using mail."
  ;; This is almost a carbon copy of rmail-forward in rmail.el.
  (let ((forward-buffer (current-buffer))
        (subject
         (concat "[" gnus-newsgroup-name "] "
                 (or (gnus-fetch-field "Subject") "")))
        beg)
    ;; If only one window, use it for the mail buffer.
    ;; Otherwise, use another window for the mail buffer
    ;; so that the Rmail buffer remains visible
    ;; and sending the mail will get back to it.
    (if (if (one-window-p t)
            (mail nil nil subject)
          (mail-other-window nil nil subject))
        (save-excursion
          (setq beg (goto-char (point-max)))
          (insert "------- Start of forwarded message -------\n")
          (insert-buffer forward-buffer)
          (goto-char (point-max))
          (insert "------- End of forwarded message -------\n")
          ;; Suggested by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>. 
          (goto-char beg)
          (while (setq beg (next-single-property-change (point) 'invisible))
            (goto-char beg)
            (delete-region beg (or (next-single-property-change 
                                    (point) 'invisible)
                                   (point-max))))
          ;; You have a chance to arrange the message.
          (run-hooks 'gnus-mail-forward-hook)))))

(defun gnus-mail-other-window-using-mail ()
  "Compose mail other window using mail."
  (news-mail-other-window)
  (gnus-overload-functions))

\f
;;;
;;; Dribble file
;;;

(defvar gnus-dribble-ignore nil)

(defun gnus-dribble-file-name ()
  (concat gnus-startup-file "-dribble"))

(defun gnus-dribble-open ()
  (save-excursion 
    (set-buffer 
     (setq gnus-dribble-buffer (find-file-noselect (gnus-dribble-file-name))))
    (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
    (bury-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
    (auto-save-mode t)
    (goto-char (point-max))))

(defun gnus-dribble-enter (string)
  (if (not gnus-dribble-ignore)
      (let ((obuf (current-buffer)))
        (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
        (insert string "\n")
        (set-window-point (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) (point-max))
        (set-buffer obuf))))

(defun gnus-dribble-read-file ()
  (let ((dribble-file (gnus-dribble-file-name)))
    (save-excursion 
      (set-buffer (setq gnus-dribble-buffer 
                        (get-buffer-create 
                         (file-name-nondirectory dribble-file))))
      (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
      (erase-buffer)
      (set-visited-file-name dribble-file)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (bury-buffer (current-buffer))
      (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
      (let ((auto (make-auto-save-file-name))
            (gnus-dribble-ignore t))
        (if (or (file-exists-p auto) (file-exists-p dribble-file))
            (progn
              (if (file-newer-than-file-p auto dribble-file)
                  (setq dribble-file auto))
              (insert-file-contents dribble-file)
              (if (not (zerop (buffer-size)))
                  (set-buffer-modified-p t))
              (if (y-or-n-p "Auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it? ")
                  (progn
                    (message "Reading %s..." dribble-file) 
                    (eval-current-buffer)
                    (message "Reading %s...done" dribble-file)))))))))

(defun gnus-dribble-delete-file ()
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
    (let ((auto (make-auto-save-file-name)))
      (if (file-exists-p auto)
          (delete-file auto))
      (if (file-exists-p (gnus-dribble-file-name))
          (delete-file (gnus-dribble-file-name)))
      (erase-buffer)
      (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))

(defun gnus-dribble-save ()
  (if (and gnus-dribble-buffer
           (buffer-name gnus-dribble-buffer))
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
        (save-buffer))))

(defun gnus-dribble-clear ()
  (save-excursion
    (if (and gnus-dribble-buffer
             (buffer-name (get-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)))
        (progn
          (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
          (erase-buffer)
          (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
          (setq buffer-saved-size (buffer-size))))))

;;;
;;; Server Communication
;;;

(defun gnus-start-news-server (&optional confirm)
  "Open a method for getting news.
If CONFIRM is non-nil, the user will be asked for an NNTP server."
  (let (how where)
    (if gnus-current-select-method
        ;; Stream is already opened.
        nil
      ;; Open NNTP server.
      (if (null gnus-nntp-service) (setq gnus-nntp-server nil))
      (if confirm
          (progn
            ;; Read server name with completion.
            (setq gnus-nntp-server
                  (completing-read "NNTP server: "
                                   (cons (list gnus-nntp-server)
                                         gnus-secondary-servers)
                                   nil nil gnus-nntp-server))
            (setq gnus-select-method
                  (list 'nntp gnus-nntp-server)))

        (if (and gnus-nntp-server 
                 (stringp gnus-nntp-server)
                 (not (string= gnus-nntp-server "")))
            (setq gnus-select-method
                  (cond ((or (string= gnus-nntp-server "")
                             (string= gnus-nntp-server "::"))
                         (list 'nnspool (system-name)))
                        ((string-match ":" gnus-nntp-server)
                         (list 'nnmh gnus-nntp-server))
                        (t
                         (list 'nntp gnus-nntp-server))))))

      (setq how (car gnus-select-method))
      (setq where (car (cdr gnus-select-method)))
      (cond ((eq how 'nnspool)
             (require 'nnspool)
             (message "Looking up local news spool..."))
            ((eq how 'nnmh)
             (require 'nnmh)
             (message "Looking up mh spool..."))
            (t
             (require 'nntp)))
      (setq gnus-current-select-method gnus-select-method)
      (run-hooks 'gnus-open-server-hook)
      (or 
       ;; gnus-open-server-hook might have opened it
       (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method)  
       (gnus-open-server gnus-select-method)
       (error "%s" (gnus-nntp-message 
                    (format "Cannot open NNTP server on %s" 
                            where))))
      gnus-select-method)))

(defun gnus-check-news-server (method)
  "If the news server is down, start it up again."
  (let ((method (if method method gnus-select-method)))
    (if (gnus-server-opened method)
        ;; Stream is already opened.
        t
      ;; Open NNTP server.
      (message "Opening server %s on %s..." (car method) (nth 1 method))
      (run-hooks 'gnus-open-server-hook)
      (message "")
      (or (gnus-server-opened method)
          (gnus-open-server method)))))

(defun gnus-nntp-message (&optional message)
  "Check the status of the NNTP server.
If the status of the server is clear and MESSAGE is non-nil, MESSAGE
is returned insted of the status string."
  (let ((status (gnus-status-message gnus-current-select-method))
        (message (or message "")))
    (if (and (stringp status) (> (length status) 0))
        status message)))

(defun gnus-get-function (method function)
  (let ((func (intern (format "%s-%s" (car method) function))))
    (if (not (fboundp func)) 
        (progn
          (require (car method))
          (if (not (fboundp func)) 
              (error "No such function: %s" func))))
    func))

;; Specifying port number suggested by Stephane Laveau <laveau@corse.inria.fr>.
(defun gnus-open-server (method)
  (apply (gnus-get-function method 'open-server) (cdr method)))

(defun gnus-close-server (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'close-server) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-list (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-list) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-list-newsgroups (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-list-newsgroups) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-server-opened (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'server-opened) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-status-message (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'status-message) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-group (group &optional dont-check)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-group) 
             (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method) dont-check)))

(defun gnus-retrieve-headers (articles group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'retrieve-headers) 
             articles (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method))))

(defun gnus-request-article (article group buffer)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-article) 
             article (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method) buffer)))

(defun gnus-request-head (article group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-head) 
             article (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method))))

;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
(defun gnus-request-post-buffer (post header artbuf)
   (let* ((group gnus-newsgroup-name)
          (info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
          (method
           (if (and gnus-post-method
                    ;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
                    (memq 'post (assoc
                                 (format "%s" (car gnus-current-select-method))
                                        gnus-valid-select-methods)))
               gnus-post-method
             gnus-current-select-method)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-post-buffer) 
             post header artbuf (gnus-group-real-name group) info)))

(defun gnus-request-post (method)
  (and gnus-post-method
       (memq 'post (assoc (format "%s" (car method))
                          gnus-valid-select-methods))
       (setq method gnus-post-method))
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-post) 
           (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-expire-articles (articles group &optional force)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-expire-articles) 
             articles (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method)
             force)))

(defun gnus-request-move-article (article group server accept-function)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-move-article) 
             article (gnus-group-real-name group) 
             (nth 1 method) accept-function)))

(defun gnus-request-accept-article (group)
  (let ((func (if (symbolp group) group
                (car (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))))
    (funcall (intern (format "%s-request-accept-article" func))
             (gnus-group-real-name group))))

(defun gnus-find-method-for-group (group)
  (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
    (if (or (not info)
            (not (nth 4 info)))
        gnus-select-method
      (nth 4 info))))

(defun gnus-check-backend-function (func group)
  (let ((method (if (stringp group) (car (gnus-find-method-for-group group))
                 group)))
    (fboundp (intern (format "%s-%s" method func)))))

(defun gnus-methods-using (method)
  (let ((valids gnus-valid-select-methods)
        outs)
    (while valids
      (if (memq method (car valids)) 
          (setq outs (cons (car valids) outs)))
      (setq valids (cdr valids)))
    outs))

;;; 
;;; Active & Newsrc File Handling
;;;

;; Newsrc related functions.
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-newsrc-assoc:
;; (("alt.general" 3 (1 . 1))
;;  ("alt.misc"    3 ((1 . 10) (12 . 15)))
;;  ("alt.test"    7 (1 . 99) (45 57 93)) ...)
;; The first item is the group name; the second is the subscription
;; level; the third is either a range of a list of ranges of read
;; articles, the optional fourth element is a list of marked articles,
;; the optional fifth element is the select method.
;;
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-newsrc-hashtb:
;; (95 ("alt.general" 3 (1 . 1)) ("alt.misc" 3 ((1 . 10) (12 . 15))) ...)
;; This is the entry for "alt.misc". The first element is the number
;; of unread articles in "alt.misc". The cdr of this entry is the
;; element *before* "alt.misc" in gnus-newsrc-assoc, which makes is
;; trivial to remove or add new elements into gnus-newsrc-assoc
;; without scanning the entire list. So, to get the actual information
;; of "alt.misc", you'd say something like 
;; (nth 2 (gnus-gethash "alt.misc" gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
;;
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-active-hashtb:
;; ((1 . 1))
;;  (5 . 10))
;;  (67 . 99)) ...)
;; The only element in each entry in this hash table is a range of
;; (possibly) available articles. (Articles in this range may have
;; been expired or cancelled.)
;;
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-killed-list and gnus-zombie-list:
;; ("alt.misc" "alt.test" "alt.general" ...)

(defun gnus-setup-news (&optional rawfile level)
  "Setup news information.
If RAWFILE is non-nil, the .newsrc file will also be read.
If LEVEL is non-nil, the news will be set up at level LEVEL."
  (let ((init (not (and gnus-newsrc-assoc
                        gnus-active-hashtb
                        (not rawfile)))))
    ;; Clear some variables to re-initialize news information.
    (if init
        (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc nil
              gnus-active-hashtb nil))
    ;; Read the acitve file and create `gnus-active-hashtb'.
    ;; If `gnus-read-active-file' is nil, then we just create an empty
    ;; hash table. The partial filling out of the hash table will be
    ;; done in `gnus-get-unread-articles'.
    (if (and gnus-read-active-file (not level))
        (gnus-read-active-file)
      (setq gnus-active-hashtb (make-vector 4095 0)))

    ;; Read the newsrc file and create `gnus-newsrc-hashtb'.
    (if init (gnus-read-newsrc-file rawfile))
    ;; Find the number of unread articles in each non-dead group.
    (gnus-get-unread-articles (or level 7))
    ;; Find new newsgroups and treat them.
    (if (and init gnus-check-new-newsgroups gnus-read-active-file (not level))
        (gnus-find-new-newsgroups))
    (if (and init gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups 
             gnus-read-active-file (not level))
        (gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups))))

(defun gnus-find-new-newsgroups ()
  "Search for new newsgroups and add them.
Each new newsgroup will be treated with `gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method.'
The `-n' option line from .newsrc is respected."
  (interactive)
  (if (not gnus-have-read-active-file) (gnus-read-active-file))
  (if (not (gnus-check-first-time-used))
      (let ((groups 0)
            group new-newsgroups)
        (if (not gnus-killed-hashtb) (gnus-make-hashtable-from-killed))
        ;; Go though every newsgroup in `gnus-active-hashtb' and compare
        ;; with `gnus-newsrc-hashtb' and `gnus-killed-hashtb'.
        (mapatoms
         (lambda (sym)
           (setq group (symbol-name sym))
           (if (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                   (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
               ()
             (if (and gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes
                      (string-match gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes group))
                 (progn
                   (setq groups (1+ groups))
                   (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                   (funcall gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method group))
               (if (or (null gnus-newsrc-options-n-no)
                       (not (string-match gnus-newsrc-options-n-no group)))
                   ;; Add this group.
                   (progn
                     (setq groups (1+ groups))
                     (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                     (if gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive
                         (setq new-newsgroups (cons group new-newsgroups))
                       (funcall gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method group)))))))
         gnus-active-hashtb)
        (if new-newsgroups 
            (gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive new-newsgroups))
        ;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
        (if (> groups 0)
            (message "%d new newsgroup%s arrived." 
                     groups (if (> groups 1) "s have" " has"))))))

(defun gnus-check-first-time-used ()
  (if (or (file-exists-p gnus-startup-file)
          (file-exists-p (concat gnus-startup-file ".el"))
          (file-exists-p (concat gnus-startup-file ".eld")))
      nil
    (message "First time user; subscribing you to default groups")
    (let ((groups gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups)
          group)
      (if (eq groups t)
          nil
        (setq groups (or groups gnus-backup-default-subscribed-newsgroups))
        (mapatoms
         (lambda (sym)
           (setq group (symbol-name sym))
           (if (and gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes
                    (string-match gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes group))
               (funcall gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method group)
             (and (or (null gnus-newsrc-options-n-no)
                      (not (string-match gnus-newsrc-options-n-no group)))
                  (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list)))))
         gnus-active-hashtb)
        (while groups
          (if (gnus-gethash (car groups) gnus-active-hashtb)
              (gnus-group-change-level (car groups) 3 9))
          (setq groups (cdr groups)))))))

;; `gnus-group-change-level' is the fundamental function for changing
;; subscription levels of newsgroups. This might mean just changing
;; from level 1 to 2, which is pretty trivial, from 2 to 6 or back
;; again, which subscribes/unsubscribes a group, which is equally
;; trivial. Changing from 1-7 to 8-9 means that you kill a group, and
;; from 8-9 to 1-7 means that you remove the group from the list of
;; killed (or zombie) groups and add them to the (kinda) subscribed
;; groups. And last but not least, moving from 8 to 9 and 9 to 8,
;; which is trivial.
;; ENTRY can either be a string (newsgroup name) or a list (if
;; FROMKILLED is t, it's a list on the format (NUM INFO-LIST),
;; otherwise it's a list in the format of the `gnus-newsrc-hashtb'
;; entries. 
;; LEVEL is the new level of the group, OLDLEVEL is the old level and
;; PREVIOUS is the group (in hashtb entry format) to insert this group
;; after. 
(defun gnus-group-change-level (entry level &optional oldlevel
                                      previous fromkilled)
  (let (group info active num)
    ;; Glean what info we can from the arguments
    (if (consp entry)
        (if fromkilled (setq group (nth 1 entry))
          (setq group (car (nth 2 entry))))
      (setq group entry))
    (if (and (stringp entry)
             oldlevel 
             (< oldlevel 8))
        (setq entry (gnus-gethash entry gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
    (if (and (not oldlevel)
             (listp entry))
        (setq oldlevel (car (cdr (nth 2 entry)))))
    (if (stringp previous)
        (setq previous (gnus-gethash previous gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))

    (gnus-dribble-enter
     (format "(gnus-group-change-level %S %S %S %S %S)" 
             group level oldlevel (car (nth 2 previous)) fromkilled))
    
    ;; Then we remove the newgroup from any old structures, if needed.
    ;; If the group was killed, we remove it from the killed or zombie
    ;; list. If not, and it is in fact going to be killed, we remove
    ;; it from the newsrc hash table and assoc.
    (cond ((>= oldlevel 8)
           (if (= oldlevel 8)
               (setq gnus-zombie-list (delete group gnus-zombie-list))
             (setq gnus-killed-list (delete group gnus-killed-list))))
          (t
           (if (>= level 8)
               (progn
                 (gnus-sethash (car (nth 2 entry))
                               nil gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                 (if (nth 3 entry)
                     (setcdr (gnus-gethash (car (nth 3 entry))
                                           gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                             (cdr entry)))
                 (setcdr (cdr entry) (cdr (cdr (cdr entry))))))))

    ;; Finally we enter (if needed) the list where it is supposed to
    ;; go, and change the subscription level. If it is to be killed,
    ;; we enter it into the killed or zombie list.
    (cond ((>= level 8)
           (if (= level 8)
               (setq gnus-zombie-list (cons group gnus-zombie-list))
             (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))))
          (t
           ;; If the list is to be entered into the newsrc assoc, and
           ;; it was killed, we have to create an entry in the newsrc
           ;; hashtb format and fix the pointers in the newsrc assoc.
           (if (>= oldlevel 8)
               (progn
                 (if (listp entry)
                     (progn
                       (setq info (cdr entry))
                       (setq num (car entry)))
                   (setq active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
                   (setq num (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active)))
                   (setq info (list group level (cons 1 (1- (car active))))))
                 (setq entry (cons info (if previous (cdr (cdr previous))
                                          (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))))
                 (setcdr (if previous (cdr previous) gnus-newsrc-assoc)
                         entry)
                 (gnus-sethash group (cons num (if previous (cdr previous)
                                                 gnus-newsrc-assoc))
                               gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                 (if (cdr entry)
                     (setcdr (gnus-gethash (car (car (cdr entry)))
                                           gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                             entry)))
             ;; It was alive, and it is going to stay alive, so we
             ;; just change the level and don't change any pointers or
             ;; hash table entries.
             (setcar (cdr (car (cdr (cdr entry)))) level))))))

(defun gnus-kill-newsgroup (newsgroup)
  "Obsolete function. Kills a newsgroup."
  (gnus-group-change-level (gnus-gethash newsgroup gnus-newsrc-hashtb) 9))

(defun gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups (&optional confirm)
  "Delete bogus newsgroups.
If CONFIRM is non-nil, the user has to confirm the deletion of every
newsgroup." 
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        (dead-lists '(gnus-killed-list gnus-zombie-list))
        bogus group killed)
    (message "Checking bogus newsgroups...")
    (if (not gnus-have-read-active-file) (gnus-read-active-file))
    ;; Find all bogus newsgroup that are subscribed.
    (while newsrc
      (setq group (car (car newsrc)))
      (if (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb)
              (nth 4 (car newsrc))
              (and confirm
                   (not (y-or-n-p
                         (format "Delete bogus newsgroup: %s " group)))))
          ;; Active newsgroup.
          ()
        ;; Found a bogus newsgroup.
        (setq bogus (cons group bogus)))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
    ;; Remove all bogus subscribed groups by first killing them, and
    ;; then removing them from the list of killed groups.
    (while bogus
      (gnus-group-change-level 
       (gnus-gethash (car bogus) gnus-newsrc-hashtb) 9)
      (setq gnus-killed-list (delq (car bogus) gnus-killed-list))
      (setq bogus (cdr bogus)))
    ;; Then we remove all bogus groups from the list of killed and
    ;; zombie groups. They are are deleted without confirmation.
    (while dead-lists
      (setq killed (symbol-value (car dead-lists)))
      (while killed
        (setq group (car killed))
        (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb)
            ;; The group is bogus.
            (setq bogus (cons group bogus)))
        (setq killed (cdr killed)))
      (while bogus
        (set (car dead-lists)
             (delq (car bogus) (symbol-value (car dead-lists))))
        (setq bogus (cdr bogus)))
      (setq dead-lists (cdr dead-lists)))
    (message "Checking bogus newsgroups... done")))

;; Go though `gnus-newsrc-assoc' and compare with `gnus-active-hashtb'
;; and compute how many unread articles there are in each group.
(defun gnus-get-unread-articles (&optional level)
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        (level (or level 7))
        info group active)
    (message "Checking new news...")
    (while newsrc
      (setq info (car newsrc))
      (setq group (car info))

      ;; Check foreign newsgroups. If the user doesn't want to check
      ;; them, or they can't be checked, for instance, if the news
      ;; server can't be reached, we just set the number of unread
      ;; articles in this newsgroup to t. This means that Gnus
      ;; thinks that there are unread articles, but it has no idea how
      ;; many. 
      (if (nth 4 info)
          (and (or (if (numberp gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups)
                       (> (nth 1 info) gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups)
                     (not gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups))
                   (not (gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroup info)))
               (progn
                 (gnus-sethash group nil gnus-active-hashtb)
                 (setcar (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb) t))))

      (if (or (and (> (nth 1 info) level)
                   (not (car (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
                   (setcar (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb) t))
              (not (or (setq active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
                       (and (not gnus-read-active-file)
                            (setq active (gnus-activate-newsgroup 
                                          (car info)))))))
          ;; If this is a bogus group, there's not much we can do.
          ()
        (gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group info active))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
    (message "Checking new news... done")))

;; Create a hash table out of the newsrc alist. The `car's of the
;; alist elements are used as keys.
(defun gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist ()
  (let ((alist gnus-newsrc-assoc)
         prev)
    (setq gnus-newsrc-hashtb (gnus-make-hashtable (length alist)))
    (setq alist 
          (setq prev (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc 
                           (cons (list "dummy.group" 0 (cons 0 0)) alist))))
    (while alist
      (gnus-sethash (car (car alist)) (cons nil prev) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
      (setq prev alist)
      (setq alist (cdr alist)))))

(defun gnus-make-hashtable-from-killed ()
  "Create a hash table from the killed and zombie lists."
  (let ((lists '(gnus-killed-list gnus-zombie-list))
        list)
    (setq gnus-killed-hashtb 
          (gnus-make-hashtable 
           (+ (length gnus-killed-list) (length gnus-zombie-list))))
    (while lists
      (setq list (symbol-value (car lists)))
      (setq lists (cdr lists))
      (while list
        (gnus-sethash (car list) (car list) gnus-killed-hashtb)
        (setq list (cdr list))))))

(defun gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group (info active)
  (let* (num srange lowest range group)
    ;; Modify the list of read articles according to what articles 
    ;; are available; then tally the unread articles and add the
    ;; number to the group hash table entry.
    (setq range (nth 2 info))
    (setq num 0)
    (cond ((not range)
           (setq num (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active))))
          ((atom (car range))
           ;; Fix a single (num . num) range according to the
           ;; active hash table.
           (if (< (cdr range) (car active)) (setcdr range (car active)))
           ;; Compute number of unread articles.
           (setq num (max 0 (- (cdr active) 
                               (- (1+ (cdr range)) (car range))))))
          (t
           ;; The read list is a list of ranges. Fix them according to
           ;; the active hash table.
           (setq srange range)
           (setq lowest (1- (car active)))
           (while (and (< (cdr (car srange)) lowest))
             (if (and (cdr srange)
                      (<= (cdr (car srange)) (1+ lowest)))
                 (progn
                   (setcdr (car srange) (cdr (car (cdr srange))))
                   (setcdr srange (cdr (cdr srange))))
               (setcdr (car srange) lowest)))
           ;; Compute the number of unread articles.
           (while range
             (setq num (+ num (- (1+ (cdr (car range))) 
                                 (car (car range)))))
             (setq range (cdr range)))
           (setq num (max 0 (- (cdr active) num)))))
    (setcar (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-newsrc-hashtb) num)
    num))

(defun gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroup (info)
  (and (gnus-check-news-server (nth 4 info))
       (gnus-activate-newsgroup (car info) (gnus-group-real-name (car info)))))

(defun gnus-activate-newsgroup (group &optional real-group-name)
  (let (active)
    (if (gnus-request-group group)
        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
          (goto-char 1)
          (if (looking-at "[0-9]+ [0-9]+ \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\)")
              (gnus-sethash group 
               (setq active
                     (cons (string-to-int (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
                                                            (match-end 1)))
                           (string-to-int 
                            (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) 
                                              (match-end 2)))))
               gnus-active-hashtb))))
    active))

(defun gnus-update-read-articles 
  (group unread unselected ticked &optional domarks replied expirable killed
         dormant bookmark)
  "Update the list of read and ticked articles in GROUP using the
UNREAD and TICKED lists.
Note: UNSELECTED has to be sorted over `<'."
  (let* ((active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
         (entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
         (number (car entry))
         (info (nth 2 entry))
         (marked (nth 3 info))
         (prev 1)
         (unread (sort (copy-sequence unread) (function <)))
         last read)
    (if (not info)
        ;; There is no info on this group if it was, in fact,
        ;; killed. Gnus stores no information on killed groups, so
        ;; there's nothing to be done. 
        ;; One could store the information somewhere temporarily,
        ;; perhaps... Hmmm... 
        ()
      ;; Remove any negative articles numbers.
      (while (and unread (< (car unread) 0))
        (setq unread (cdr unread)))
      (if (not (and (numberp number) (= 0 number)))
          (setq unread (nconc unselected unread)))
      ;; Set the number of unread articles in gnus-newsrc-hashtb.
      (or (eq 'nnvirtual (car gnus-current-select-method))
          (setcar entry (length unread)))
      ;; Compute the ranges of read articles by looking at the list of
      ;; unread articles.  
      (while unread
        (if (/= (car unread) prev)
            (setq read (cons (cons prev (1- (car unread))) read)))
        (setq prev (1+ (car unread)))
        (setq unread (cdr unread)))
      (if (<= prev (cdr active))
          (setq read (cons (cons prev (cdr active)) read)))
      ;; Enter this list into the group info.
      (setcar (cdr (cdr info)) 
              (if (> (length read) 1) (nreverse read) (car read)))
      ;; Enter the list of ticked articles.
      (gnus-set-marked-articles 
       info ticked
       (if domarks replied (cdr (assq 'reply marked)))
       (if domarks expirable (cdr (assq 'expire marked)))
       (if domarks killed (cdr (assq 'killed marked)))
       (if domarks dormant (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))
       (if domarks bookmark (cdr (assq 'bookmark marked)))))))

(defun gnus-make-articles-unread (group articles)
  "Mark ARTICLES in GROUP as unread."
  (let ((info (nth 2 (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                         (gnus-gethash (concat gnus-foreign-group-prefix
                                               group)
                                       gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))))
    (setcar (nthcdr 2 info)
            (gnus-remove-from-range (nth 2 info) articles))
    (gnus-group-update-group group t)))

(defun gnus-read-active-file ()
  "Get active file from NNTP server."
  (gnus-group-set-mode-line)
  (setq gnus-have-read-active-file t)
  ;; Make sure a connection to NNTP server is alive.
  (gnus-check-news-server gnus-select-method)
  (let ((mesg (format "Reading active file from %s via %s..."
                      (nth 1 gnus-select-method) (car gnus-select-method))))
    (message mesg)
    (if (gnus-request-list gnus-select-method) ; Get active 
        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
          (gnus-active-to-gnus-format)
          (setq gnus-have-read-active-file t)
          (message "%s...done" mesg))
      (error "Cannot read active file from NNTP server."))))

;; rewritten by jwz based on ideas from Rick Sladkey <jrs@world.std.com>
;; Further rewrites by lmi.
(defun gnus-active-to-gnus-format ()
  "Convert active file format to internal format.
Lines matching gnus-ignored-newsgroups are ignored."
  (let ((cur (current-buffer)))
    ;; Delete unnecessary lines.
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (delete-matching-lines gnus-ignored-newsgroups)
    ;; Make large enough hash table.
    (setq gnus-active-hashtb
          (gnus-make-hashtable (count-lines (point-min) (point-max))))
    ;; Store active file in hashtable.
    (save-restriction
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (if (or (re-search-forward "\n.\r?$" nil t)
              (goto-char (point-max)))
          (progn
            (beginning-of-line)
            (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (if (string-match "%[oO]" gnus-group-line-format)
          ;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <edmonds@cs.ubc.ca>.
          ;; If we want information on moderated groups, we use this
          ;; loop...   
          (let ((mod-hashtb (make-vector 7 0))
                group max mod)
            (while (not (eobp))
              (setq group (let ((obarray gnus-active-hashtb))
                            (read cur)))
              (setq max (read cur))
              (set group (cons (read cur) max))
              ;; Enter moderated groups into a list.
              (if (string= 
                   (symbol-name  (let ((obarray mod-hashtb)) (read cur)))
                   "m")
                  (setq gnus-moderated-list 
                        (cons (symbol-name group) gnus-moderated-list)))
              (forward-line 1)))
        ;; And if we do not care about moderation, we use this loop,
        ;; which is faster.
        (let (group max)
          (while (not (eobp))
            ;; group gets set to a symbol interned in gnus-active-hashtb
            ;; (what a hack!!)
            (setq group (let ((obarray gnus-active-hashtb))
                          (read cur)))
            (setq max (read cur))
            (set group (cons (read cur) max))
            (forward-line 1)))))))

(defun gnus-read-newsrc-file (&optional force)
  "Read startup file.
If FORCE is non-nil, the .newsrc file is read."
  (setq gnus-current-startup-file (gnus-make-newsrc-file gnus-startup-file))
  ;; Reset variables that might be defined in the .newsrc.eld file.
  (let ((variables gnus-variable-list))
    (while variables
      (set (car variables) nil)
      (setq variables (cdr variables))))
  (let* ((newsrc-file gnus-current-startup-file)
         (quick-file (concat newsrc-file ".el")))
    (save-excursion
      ;; We always load the .newsrc.eld file. If always contains
      ;; much information that can not be gotten from the .newsrc
      ;; file (ticked articles, killed groups, foreign methods, etc.)
      (gnus-read-newsrc-el-file quick-file)
 
      (if (or force
              (and (file-newer-than-file-p newsrc-file quick-file)
                   (file-newer-than-file-p newsrc-file 
                                           (concat quick-file "d")))
              (not gnus-newsrc-assoc))
          ;; We read the .newsrc file. Note that if there if a
          ;; .newsrc.eld file exists, it has already been read, and
          ;; the `gnus-newsrc-hashtb' has been created. While reading
          ;; the .newsrc file, Gnus will only use the information it
          ;; can find there for changing the data already read -
          ;; ie. reading the .newsrc file will not trash the data
          ;; already read (except for read articles).
          (save-excursion
            (message "Reading %s..." newsrc-file)
            (set-buffer (find-file-noselect newsrc-file))
            (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
            (gnus-newsrc-to-gnus-format)
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
            (message "Reading %s... done" newsrc-file)))
      (gnus-dribble-read-file))))

(defun gnus-read-newsrc-el-file (file)
  (let ((ding-file (concat file "d")))
    ;; We always, always read the .eld file.
    (message "Reading %s..." ding-file)
    (condition-case nil
        (load ding-file t t t)
      (error nil))
    (gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist)
    (if (not (file-newer-than-file-p file ding-file))
        ()
      ;; Old format quick file
      (message "Reading %s..." file)
      ;; The .el file is newer than the .eld file, so we read that one
      ;; as well. 
      (gnus-read-old-newsrc-el-file file))))

;; Parse the old-style quick startup file
(defun gnus-read-old-newsrc-el-file (file)
  (let (newsrc killed marked group g m len info)
    (prog1
        (let (gnus-killed-assoc gnus-marked-assoc gnus-newsrc-assoc)
          (prog1
              (condition-case nil
                  (load file t t t)
                (error nil))
            (setq newsrc gnus-newsrc-assoc
                  killed gnus-killed-assoc
                  marked gnus-marked-assoc)))
      (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc nil)
      (while newsrc
        (setq group (car newsrc))
        (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash (car group) gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
          (if info
              (progn
                (setcar (nthcdr 2 info) (cdr (cdr group)))
                (setcar (cdr info) (if (nth 1 group) 3 6))
                (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc (cons info gnus-newsrc-assoc)))
            (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc
                  (cons 
                   (setq info
                         (list (car group)
                               (if (nth 1 group) 3 6) (cdr (cdr group))))
                   gnus-newsrc-assoc)))
          (if (setq m (assoc (car group) marked))
            (setcdr (cdr (cdr info)) (cons (list (cons 'tick (cdr m))) nil))))
        (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
      (setq newsrc killed)
      (while newsrc
        (setcar newsrc (car (car newsrc)))
        (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
      (setq gnus-killed-list killed))
    (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc (nreverse gnus-newsrc-assoc))
    (gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist)))
      
(defun gnus-make-newsrc-file (file)
  "Make server dependent file name by catenating FILE and server host name."
  (let* ((file (expand-file-name file nil))
         (real-file (concat file "-" (nth 1 gnus-select-method))))
    (if (file-exists-p real-file)
        real-file file)
    ))

;; jwz: rewrote this function to be much more efficient, and not be subject
;; to regexp overflow errors when it encounters very long lines -- the old
;; behavior was to blow off the rest of the *file* when a line was encountered
;; that was too long to match!!  Now it uses only simple looking-at calls, and
;; doesn't create as many temporary strings.  It also now handles multiple
;; consecutive options lines (before it only handled the first.)
;; Tiny rewrite by lmi. 
(defun gnus-newsrc-to-gnus-format ()
  "Parse current buffer as .newsrc file."
  ;; We have to re-initialize these variables (except for
  ;; gnus-killed-list) because quick startup file may contain bogus
  ;; values.
  (setq gnus-newsrc-options nil)
  (setq gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes nil)
  (setq gnus-newsrc-options-n-no nil)
  (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc nil)
  (gnus-parse-options-lines)
  (gnus-parse-newsrc-body))

(defun gnus-parse-options-lines ()
  ;; newsrc.5 seems to indicate that the options line can come anywhere
  ;; in the file, and that there can be any number of them:
  ;;
  ;;       An  options  line  starts  with  the  word  options (left-
  ;;       justified).  Then there are the list of  options  just  as
  ;;       they would be on the readnews command line.  For instance:
  ;;
  ;;       options -n all !net.sf-lovers !mod.human-nets -r
  ;;       options -c -r
  ;;
  ;;       A string of lines beginning with a space or tab after  the
  ;;       initial  options  line  will  be  considered  continuation
  ;;       lines.
  ;;
  ;; For now, we only accept it at the beginning of the file.

  (goto-char (point-min))
  (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
  (setq gnus-newsrc-options nil)
  (while (looking-at "^options[ \t]*\\(.*\\)\n")
    ;; handle consecutive options lines
    (setq gnus-newsrc-options (concat gnus-newsrc-options
                                      (if gnus-newsrc-options "\n\t")
                                      (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
                                                        (match-end 1))))
    (forward-line 1)
    (while (looking-at "[ \t]+\\(.*\\)\n")
      ;; handle subsequent continuation lines of this options line
      (setq gnus-newsrc-options (concat gnus-newsrc-options "\n\t"
                                        (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
                                                          (match-end 1))))
      (forward-line 1)))
  ;; Gather all "-n" options lines.
  (let ((start 0)
        (result nil))
    (if gnus-newsrc-options
        (while (and (string-match "^[ \t]*-n\\([^\n]*\\)$"
                                  gnus-newsrc-options
                                  start)
                    (setq start (match-end 0)))
          (setq result (concat result
                               (and result " ")
                               (substring gnus-newsrc-options
                                          (match-beginning 1)
                                          (match-end 1))))))
    (let ((yes-and-no (and result (gnus-parse-n-options result))))
      (setq gnus-newsrc-options-n-yes (car yes-and-no))
      (setq gnus-newsrc-options-n-no (cdr yes-and-no)))
    nil))

(defun gnus-parse-newsrc-body ()
  ;; Point has been positioned after the options lines.  We shouldn't
  ;; see any more in here.

  (let ((subscribe nil)
        (read-list nil)
        (line (1+ (count-lines (point-min) (point))))
        newsgroup
        p p2)
    (save-restriction
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (while (not (eobp))
        (cond
         ((= (following-char) ?\n)
          ;; skip blank lines
          nil)
         (t
          (setq p (point))
          (skip-chars-forward "^:!\n")
          (if (= (following-char) ?\n)
              (error "line %d is unparsable in %s" line (buffer-name)))
          (setq p2 (point))
          (skip-chars-backward " \t")

          ;; #### note: we could avoid consing a string here by binding obarray
          ;; and reading the newsgroup directly into the gnus-newsrc-hashtb,
          ;; then setq'ing newsgroup to symbol-name of that, like we do in
          ;; gnus-active-to-gnus-format.
          (setq newsgroup (buffer-substring p (point)))
          (goto-char p2)

          (setq subscribe (= (following-char) ?:))
          (setq read-list nil)

          (forward-char 1)              ; after : or !
          (skip-chars-forward " \t")
          (while (not (= (following-char) ?\n))
            (skip-chars-forward " \t")
            (or
             (and (cond
                   ((looking-at "\\([0-9]+\\)-\\([0-9]+\\)") ; a range
                    (setq read-list
                          (cons
                           (cons
                            (progn
                              ;; faster that buffer-substring/string-to-int
                              (narrow-to-region (point-min) (match-end 1))
                              (read (current-buffer)))
                            (progn
                              (narrow-to-region (point-min) (match-end 2))
                              (forward-char) ; skip over "-"
                              (prog1
                                  (read (current-buffer))
                                (widen))))
                           read-list))
                    t)
                   ((looking-at "[0-9]+")
                    ;; faster that buffer-substring/string-to-int
                    (narrow-to-region (point-min) (match-end 0))
                    (setq p (read (current-buffer)))
                    (widen)
                    (setq read-list (cons (cons p p) read-list))
                    t)
                   (t
                    ;; bogus chars in ranges
                    nil))
                  (progn
                    (goto-char (match-end 0))
                    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                    (cond ((= (following-char) ?,)
                           (forward-char 1)
                           t)
                          ((= (following-char) ?\n)
                           t)
                          (t
                           ;; bogus char after range
                           nil))))
             ;; if we get here, the parse failed
             (progn
               (end-of-line)            ; give up on this line
               (ding)
               (message "Ignoring bogus line %d for %s in %s"
                        line newsgroup (buffer-name))
               (sleep-for 1))))
          (if read-list
              (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash newsgroup gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
                (if info
                    (progn
                      (setcar (nthcdr 2 info) (nreverse read-list))
                      (setcar (cdr info) (if subscribe 3 6))
                      (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc (cons info gnus-newsrc-assoc)))
                  (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc
                        (cons (list newsgroup (if subscribe 3 6) 
                                    (nreverse read-list))
                              gnus-newsrc-assoc))))
            (setq gnus-killed-list (cons newsgroup gnus-killed-list)))))
        (setq line (1+ line))
        (forward-line 1))))
  (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc (nreverse gnus-newsrc-assoc))
  (gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist)
  nil)

(defun gnus-parse-n-options (options)
  "Parse -n NEWSGROUPS options and return a cons of YES and NO regexps."
  (let ((yes nil)
        (no nil)
        (yes-or-no nil)                 ;`!' or not.
        (newsgroup nil))
    ;; Parse each newsgroup description such as "comp.all".  Commas
    ;; and white spaces can be a newsgroup separator.
    (while
        (string-match "^[ \t\n,]*\\(!?\\)\\([^- \t\n,][^ \t\n,]*\\)" options)
      (setq yes-or-no
            (substring options (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
      (setq newsgroup
            (regexp-quote
             (substring options
                        (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))))
      (setq options (substring options (match-end 2)))
      ;; Rewrite "all" to ".+" not ".*".  ".+" requires at least one
      ;; character.
      (while (string-match "\\(^\\|\\\\[.]\\)all\\(\\\\[.]\\|$\\)" newsgroup)
        (setq newsgroup
              (concat (substring newsgroup 0 (match-end 1))
                      ".+"
                      (substring newsgroup (match-beginning 2)))))
      ;; It is yes or no.
      (cond ((string-equal yes-or-no "!")
             (setq no (cons newsgroup no)))
            ((string-equal newsgroup ".+")) ;Ignore `all'.
            (t
             (setq yes (cons newsgroup yes))))
      )
    ;; Make a cons of regexps from parsing result.
    ;; We have to append \(\.\|$\) to prevent matching substring of
    ;; newsgroup.  For example, "jp.net" should not match with
    ;; "jp.network".
    ;; Fixes for large regexp problems are from yonezu@nak.math.keio.ac.jp.
    (cons (if yes
              (concat "^\\("
                      (apply (function concat)
                             (mapcar
                              (lambda (newsgroup)
                                (concat newsgroup "\\|"))
                              (cdr yes)))
                      (car yes) "\\)\\(\\.\\|$\\)"))
          (if no
              (concat "^\\("
                      (apply (function concat)
                             (mapcar
                              (lambda (newsgroup)
                                (concat newsgroup "\\|"))
                              (cdr no)))
                      (car no) "\\)\\(\\.\\|$\\)")))
    ))

(defun gnus-save-newsrc-file ()
  "Save to .newsrc FILE."
  ;; Note: We cannot save .newsrc file if all newsgroups are removed
  ;; from the variable gnus-newsrc-assoc.
  (and (or gnus-newsrc-assoc gnus-killed-list)
       gnus-current-startup-file
       (save-excursion
         (if (= 0 (save-excursion
                    (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
                    (buffer-size)))
             (message "(No changes need to be saved)")
           (if gnus-save-newsrc-file
               (let ((make-backup-files t)
                     (version-control nil)
                     (require-final-newline t)) ;Don't ask even if requested.
                 (message "Saving %s..." gnus-current-startup-file)
                 ;; Make backup file of master newsrc.
                 ;; You can stop or change version control of backup file.
                 ;; Suggested by jason@violet.berkeley.edu.
                 (run-hooks 'gnus-save-newsrc-hook)
                 (gnus-gnus-to-newsrc-format)
                 (message "Saving %s... done" gnus-current-startup-file)))
           ;; Quickly loadable .newsrc.
           (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-newsrc*"))
           (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
           (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
           (erase-buffer)
           (message "Saving %s.eld..." gnus-current-startup-file)
           (gnus-gnus-to-quick-newsrc-format)
           (let ((make-backup-files nil)
                 (version-control nil)
                 (require-final-newline t)) ;Don't ask even if requested.
             (write-region 1 (point-max) 
                           (concat gnus-current-startup-file ".eld") 
                           nil 'nomesg))
           (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
           (message "Saving %s.eld... done" gnus-current-startup-file)
           (gnus-dribble-delete-file)))))

(defun gnus-gnus-to-quick-newsrc-format ()
  "Insert Gnus variables such as gnus-newsrc-assoc in lisp format."
  (insert ";; (ding) Gnus startup file.\n")
  (insert ";; Never delete this file - touch .newsrc instead to force Gnus\n")
  (insert ";; to read .newsrc.\n")
  (let ((variables gnus-variable-list)
        (gnus-newsrc-assoc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        variable)
    ;; insert lisp expressions.
    (while variables
      (setq variable (car variables))
      (and (boundp variable)
           (symbol-value variable)
           (or gnus-save-killed-list 
               (not (or (eq variable 'gnus-killed-list)
                        (eq variable 'gnus-zombie-list))))
           (insert "(setq " (symbol-name variable) " '"
                   (prin1-to-string (symbol-value variable))
                   ")\n"))
      (setq variables (cdr variables)))))

(defun gnus-gnus-to-newsrc-format ()
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        group ranges)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer (create-file-buffer gnus-startup-file))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (if gnus-newsrc-options (insert "options " gnus-newsrc-options "\n"))
      (while newsrc
        (setq group (car newsrc))
        (insert (car group) (if (>= (nth 1 group) 6) "!" ":"))
        (if (setq ranges (nth 2 group))
            (progn
              (insert " ")
              (gnus-ranges-to-newsrc-format
               (if (atom (car ranges)) (list ranges) ranges))))
        (insert "\n")
        (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
      (write-region 1 (point-max) gnus-current-startup-file nil 'nomesg)
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))))

(defun gnus-ranges-to-newsrc-format (ranges)
  "Insert ranges of read articles."
  (let ((range nil))                    ;Range is a pair of BEGIN and END.
    (while ranges
      (setq range (car ranges))
      (setq ranges (cdr ranges))
      (cond ((= (car range) (cdr range))
             (if (= (car range) 0)
                 (setq ranges nil)      ;No unread articles.
               (insert (int-to-string (car range)))
               (if ranges (insert ","))
               ))
            (t
             (insert (int-to-string (car range))
                     "-"
                     (int-to-string (cdr range)))
             (if ranges (insert ","))
             ))
      )))

(defun gnus-read-descriptions-file ()
  (message "Reading descriptions file...")
  (if (not (gnus-request-list-newsgroups gnus-select-method))
      (progn
        (message "Couldn't read newsgroups descriptions")
        nil)
    (let (group)
      (setq gnus-description-hashtb 
            (gnus-make-hashtable (length gnus-active-hashtb)))
      (save-excursion
        (save-restriction
          (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (delete-non-matching-lines "^[a-zA-Z\\.0-9]+[ \t]")
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (or (search-forward "\n.\n" nil t)
                  (goto-char (point-max)))
              (progn
                (beginning-of-line)
                (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))))
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (while (not (eobp))
            (setq group (let ((obarray gnus-description-hashtb))
                          (read (current-buffer))))
            (skip-chars-forward " \t")
            (set group (buffer-substring 
                        (point) (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point))))
            (forward-line 1))))
      (message "Reading descriptions file...done")
      t)))

(provide 'gnus)

;;; gnus.el ends here