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[gnus] / lisp / gnus.el

;;; (ding) Gnus --- a newsreader for GNU Emacs
;; Copyright (C) 1987,88,89,90,93,94,95 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Masanobu UMEDA <umerin@flab.flab.fujitsu.junet>
;;      Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@ifi.uio.no>
;; Keywords: news

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

;;; Commentary:

;; Although (ding) Gnus looks suspiciously like GNUS, it isn't quite
;; the same beast. Most internal structures have been changed. If you
;; have written packages that depend on any of the hash tables,
;; `gnus-newsrc-assoc', `gnus-killed-assoc', marked lists, the .newsrc
;; buffer, or internal knowledge of the `nntp-header-' macros, or
;; dependence on the buffers having a certain format, your code will
;; fail.

;;; Code:

(require 'mail-utils)
(require 'timezone)
(require 'rnews)
(require 'rmail)

(require 'nnheader)

;; Customization variables

(defvar gnus-select-method 
  (list 'nntp (or (getenv "NNTPSERVER") 
                  (if (and gnus-default-nntp-server
                           (not (string= gnus-default-nntp-server "")))
                      gnus-default-nntp-server)
                  (system-name))
        "nntp")
  "Default method for selecting a newsgroup.
This variable should be a list, where the first element is how the
news is to be fetched, the second is the address.  An optional third
element can be included to specify a port number if nntp is used.

For instance, if you want to get your news via NNTP from
\"flab.flab.edu\" on port 23, you could say:

(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp \"flab.flab.edu\" 23))

If you want to use your local spool, say:

(setq gnus-select-method (list 'nnspool (system-name)))

If you use this variable, you must set `gnus-nntp-server' to nil.")

;; Added by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
(defvar gnus-post-method nil
  "Preferred method for posting USENET news.
If this variable is nil, Gnus will use the current method to decide
which method to use when posting.  If it is non-nil, it will override
the current method. This method will not be used in mail groups and
the like, only in \"real\" newsgroups.

The value must be a valid method as discussed in the documentation of
`gnus-select-method'.")

(defvar gnus-refer-article-method nil
  "Preferred method for fetching an article by Message-ID.
If you are reading news from the local spool (with nnspool), fetching
articles by Message-ID is painfully slow. By setting this method to an
nntp method, you might get acceptable results.

The value of this variable must be a valid select method as discussed
in the documentation of `gnus-select-method'")

(defvar gnus-secondary-select-methods nil
  "A list of secondary methods that will be used for reading news.
This is a list where each element is a complete select methdod (see
`gnus-select-method').  

If, for instance, you want to read your mail with the nnml backend,
you could set this variable:

(setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnml \"\"))")

(defvar gnus-secondary-servers nil
  "List of NNTP servers that the user can choose between interactively.
To make Gnus query you for a server, you have to give `gnus' a
non-numeric prefix - `C-u M-x gnus', in short.")

(defvar gnus-nntp-server nil
  "The name of the host running the NNTP server.
This variable is semi-obsolete. Use the `gnus-select-method'
variable instead.")

(defvar gnus-nntp-service "nntp"
  "NNTP service name (\"nntp\" or 119).
This is an obsolete variable, which is scarcely used. If you use an
nntp server for your newsgroup and want to change the port number
used to 899, you would say something along these lines:

 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp \"my.nntp.server\" 899))")

(defvar gnus-startup-file "~/.newsrc"
  "Your `.newsrc' file.
`.newsrc-SERVER' will be used instead if that exists.")

(defvar gnus-signature-file "~/.signature"
  "Your signature file.
If the variable is a string that doesn't correspond to a file, the
string itself is inserted.")

(defvar gnus-signature-function nil
  "A function that should return a signature file name.
The function will be called with the name of the newsgroup being
posted to.
If the function returns a string that doesn't correspond to a file, the
string itself is inserted.
If the function returns nil, the `gnus-signature-file' variable will
be used instead.")

(defvar gnus-init-file "~/.gnus"
  "Your Gnus elisp startup file.
If a file with the .el or .elc suffixes exist, it will be read
instead.") 

(defvar gnus-group-faq-directory
  "/anonymous@rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet-by-group/"
  "Directory where the group FAQs are stored.
This will most commonly be on a remote machine, and the file will be
fetched by ange-ftp.")

(defvar gnus-group-archive-directory
  "/ftp@sina.tcamc.uh.edu:/pub/emacs/ding-list/" 
  "The address of the (ding) archives.")

(defvar gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups nil
  "This variable lists what newsgroups should be susbcribed the first time Gnus is used.
It should be a list of strings.
If it is `t', Gnus will not do anything special the first time it is
started; it'll just use the normal newsgroups subscription methods.")

(defvar gnus-post-prepare-function nil
  "Function that is run after a post buffer has been prepared.
It is called with the name of the newsgroup that is posted to. It
might be used, for instance, for inserting signatures based on the
newsgroup name. (In that case, `gnus-signature-file' and
`mail-signature' should both be set to nil).")

(defvar gnus-use-cross-reference t
  "Non-nil means that cross referenced articles will be marked as read.
If nil, ignore cross references.  If t, mark articles as read in
subscribed newsgroups. If neither t nor nil, mark as read in all
newsgroups.") 

(defvar gnus-use-dribble-file t
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will use a dribble file to store user updates.
If Emacs should crash without saving the .newsrc files, complete
information can be restored from the dribble file.")

(defvar gnus-use-followup-to 'use
  "Specifies what to do with Followup-To header.
If nil, ignore the header. If it is t, use its value, but ignore 
`poster'. If it is neither nil nor t, which is the default, always use
the value.") 

(defvar gnus-followup-to-function nil
  "A variable that contains a function that returns a followup address.
The function will be called in the buffer of the article that is being
followed up. The buffer will be narrowed to the headers of the
article. To pick header headers, one might use `mail-fetch-field'.  The
function will be called with the name of the current newsgroup as the
argument.

Here's an example `gnus-followup-to-function':

(setq gnus-followup-to-function
      (lambda (group)
        (cond ((string= group \"mail.list\")
               (or (mail-fetch-field \"sender\") 
                   (mail-fetch-field \"from\")))
              (t
               (or (mail-fetch-field \"reply-to\") 
                   (mail-fetch-field \"from\"))))))")

(defvar gnus-reply-to-function nil
  "A variable that contains a function that returns a reply address.
See the `gnus-followup-to-function' variable for an explanation of how
this variable is used.

This function should return a string that will be used to fill in the
header.  This function may also return a list.  In that case, every
list element should be a cons where the first car should be a string
with the header name, and the cdr should be a string with the header
value.")

(defvar gnus-large-newsgroup 200
  "The number of articles which indicates a large newsgroup.
If the number of articles in a newsgroup is greater than this value,
confirmation is required for selecting the newsgroup.")

;; Suggested by Andrew Eskilsson <pi92ae@lelle.pt.hk-r.se>.
(defvar gnus-no-groups-message "No news is horrible news"
  "Message displayed by Gnus when no groups are available.")

(defvar gnus-author-copy (getenv "AUTHORCOPY")
  "Save outgoing articles in this file.
Initialized from the AUTHORCOPY environment variable.

If this variable begins with the character \"|\", outgoing articles
will be piped to the named program. It is possible to save an article
in an MH folder as follows:

\(setq gnus-author-copy \"|/usr/local/lib/mh/rcvstore +Article\")

If the first character is not a pipe, articles are saved using the
function specified by the `gnus-author-copy-saver' variable.")

(defvar gnus-mail-self-blind nil
  "Non-nil means insert a BCC header in all outgoing articles.
This will result in having a copy of the article mailed to yourself.
The BCC header is inserted when the post buffer is initialized, so you
can remove or alter the BCC header to override the default.")

(defvar gnus-author-copy-saver (function rmail-output)
  "A function called to save outgoing articles.
This function will be called with the same of the file to store the
article in. The default function is `rmail-output' which saves in Unix
mailbox format.")

(defvar gnus-use-long-file-name (not (memq system-type '(usg-unix-v xenix)))
  "Non-nil means that the default name of a file to save articles in is the group name.
If it's nil, the directory form of the group name is used instead.

If this variable is a list, and the list contains the element
`not-score', long file names will not be used for score files, if it
contains the element `not-save', long file names will not be used for
saving, and if it contains the element `not-kill', long file names
will not be used for kill files.")

(defvar gnus-article-save-directory (or (getenv "SAVEDIR") "~/News/")
  "Name of the directory articles will be saved in (default \"~/News\").
Initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable.")

(defvar gnus-kill-files-directory (or (getenv "SAVEDIR") "~/News/")
  "Name of the directory where kill files will be stored (default \"~/News\").
Initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable.")

(defvar gnus-score-expiry-days 7
  "*Number of days before unused score file entries are expired.")

(defvar gnus-default-article-saver (function gnus-summary-save-in-rmail)
  "A function to save articles in your favorite format.
The function must be interactively callable (in other words, it must
be an Emacs command).

Gnus provides the following functions:

* gnus-summary-save-in-rmail (Rmail format)
* gnus-summary-save-in-mail (Unix mail format)
* gnus-summary-save-in-folder (MH folder)
* gnus-summary-save-in-file (article format).")

(defvar gnus-rmail-save-name (function gnus-plain-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in Rmail format.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.")

(defvar gnus-mail-save-name (function gnus-plain-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in Unix mail format.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.")

(defvar gnus-folder-save-name (function gnus-folder-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in MH folder.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FOLDER.")

(defvar gnus-file-save-name (function gnus-numeric-save-name)
  "A function generating a file name to save articles in article format.
The function is called with NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.")

(defvar gnus-score-file-suffix "SCORE"
  "Suffix of the score files.")

(defvar gnus-fetch-old-headers nil
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will try to build threads by grabbing old headers.
If an unread article in the group refers to an older, already read (or
just marked as read) article, the old article will not normally be
displayed in the Summary buffer.  If this variable is non-nil, Gnus
will attempt to grab the headers to the old articles, and thereby
build complete threads.  If it has the value `some', only enough
headers to connect otherwise loose threads will be displayed.

The server has to support XOVER for any of this to work.")

(defvar gnus-visual t
  "*If non-nil, will do various highlighting.
If nil, no mouse highlights (or any other highlights) will be
performed.  This might speed up Gnus some when generating large group
and summary buffers.")

(defvar gnus-novice-user t
  "*Non-nil means that you are a usenet novice.
If non-nil, verbose messages may be displayed and confirmations may be
required.")

(defvar gnus-expert-user nil
  "*Non-nil means that you will never be asked for confirmation about anything.
And that means *anything*.")

(defvar gnus-keep-same-level nil
  "Non-nil means that the next newsgroup after the current will be on the same level.
When you type, for instance, `n' after reading the last article in the
current newsgroup, you will go to the next newsgroup. If this variable
is nil, the next newsgroup will be the next from the group
buffer. 
If this variable is non-nil, Gnus will either put you in the
next newsgroup with the same level, or, if no such newsgroup is
available, the next newsgroup with the lowest possible level higher
than the current level.
If this variable is `best', Gnus will make the next newsgroup the one
with the best level.")

(defvar gnus-summary-make-false-root 'adopt
  "nil means that Gnus won't gather loose threads.
If the root of a thread has expired or been read in a previous
session, the information necessary to build a complete thread has been
lost. Instead of having many small sub-threads from this original thread
scattered all over the summary buffer, Gnus can gather them. 

If non-nil, Gnus will try to gather all loose sub-threads from an
original thread into one large thread.

If this variable is non-nil, it should be one of `none', `adopt',
`dummy' or `empty'.

If this variable is `none', Gnus will not make a false root, but just
present the sub-threads after another.
If this variable is `dummy', Gnus will create a dummy root that will
have all the sub-threads as children.
If this variable is `adopt', Gnus will make one of the \"children\"
the parent and mark all the step-children as such.
If this variable is `empty', the \"children\" are printed with empty
subject fields.  (Or rather, they will be printed with a string
given by the `gnus-summary-same-subject' variable.)")

(defvar gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit nil
  "*Maximum length of subject comparisons when gathering loose threads.
Use nil to compare full subjects.  Setting this variable to a low
number will help gather threads that have been corrupted by
newsreaders chopping off subject lines, but it might also mean that
unrelated articles that have subject that happen to begin with the
same few characters will be incorrectly gathered.

If this variable is `fuzzy', Gnus will use a fuzzy algortihm when
comparing subjects.")

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defvar gnus-summary-same-subject ""
  "String indicating that the current article has the same subject as the previous.
This variable will only be used if the value of
`gnus-summary-make-false-root' is `empty'.")

(defvar gnus-summary-goto-unread nil
  "If non-nil, marking commands will go to the next unread article.")

(defvar gnus-check-new-newsgroups t
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will add new newsgroups at startup.
If this variable is `ask-server', Gnus will ask the server for new
groups since the last time it checked. This means that the killed list
is no longer necessary, so you could set `gnus-save-killed-list' to
nil. 

A variant is to have this variable be a list of select methods. Gnus
will then use the `ask-server' method on all these select methods to
query for new groups from all those servers.

Eg.
  (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups 
        '((nntp \"some.server\") (nntp \"other.server\")))

If this variable is nil, then you have to tell Gnus explicitly to
check for new newsgroups with \\<gnus-group-mode-map>\\[gnus-find-new-newsgroups].")

(defvar gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups nil
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will check and remove bogus newsgroup at startup.
If this variable is nil, then you have to tell Gnus explicitly to
check for bogus newsgroups with \\<gnus-group-mode-map>\\[gnus-group-check-bogus-groups].")

(defvar gnus-read-active-file t
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will read the entire active file at startup.
If this variable is nil, Gnus will only know about the groups in your
`.newsrc' file.

If you set this variable to nil, you probably still want to be told
about new newsgroups that arrive.  To do that, set
`gnus-check-new-newsgroups' to `ask-server'.  This may not work
properly with all servers.") 

(defvar gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups nil
  "If nil, Gnus will not check foreign newsgroups at startup.
If it is non-nil, it should be a number between one and nine. Foreign
newsgroups that have a level lower or equal to this number will be
activated on startup. For instance, if you want to active all
subscribed newsgroups, but not the rest, you'd set this variable to 5.

If you subscribe to lots of newsgroups from different servers, startup
might take a while. By setting this variable to nil, you'll save time,
but you won't be told how many unread articles there are in the
groups.")

(defvar gnus-save-newsrc-file t
  "Non-nil means that Gnus will save the `.newsrc' file.
Gnus always saves its own startup file, which is called
\".newsrc.eld\".  The file called \".newsrc\" is in a format that can
be readily understood by other newsreaders.  If you don't plan on
using other newsreaders, set this variable to nil to save some time on
exit.")

(defvar gnus-save-killed-list t
  "If non-nil, save the list of killed groups to the startup file.
This will save both time (when starting and quitting) and space (both
memory and disk), but it will also mean that Gnus has no record of
which groups are new and which are old, so the automatic new
newsgroups subscription methods become meaningless. You should always
set `gnus-check-new-newsgroups' to `ask-server' or nil if you set this
variable to nil.")

(defvar gnus-interactive-catchup t
  "If non-nil, require your confirmation when catching up a group.")

(defvar gnus-interactive-post t
  "If non-nil, group name will be asked for when posting.")

(defvar gnus-interactive-exit t
  "If non-nil, require your confirmation when exiting Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-kill-killed nil
  "If non-nil, Gnus will apply kill files to already killed articles.
If it is nil, Gnus will never apply kill files to articles that have
already been through the scoring process, which might very well save lots
of time.")

(defvar gnus-extract-address-components 'gnus-extract-address-components
  "Function for extracting address components from a From header.
Two pre-defined function exist: `gnus-extract-address-components',
which is the default, quite fast, and too simplistic solution, and
`mail-extract-address-components', which works much better, but is
slower.")

(defvar gnus-score-interactive-default-score 1000
  "Scoring commands will raise/lower the score with this number as the default.")

(defvar gnus-save-score nil
  "If non-nil, save group scoring info.")

(defvar gnus-global-score-files nil
  "List of global score files and directories.
Set this variable if you want to use people's score files.  One entry
for each score file or each score file directory.  Gnus will decide
by itself what score files are applicable to which group.

Say you want to use the single score file
\"/ftp.ifi.uio.no@ftp:/pub/larsi/ding/score/soc.motss.SCORE\" and all
score files in the \"/ftp.some-where:/pub/score\" directory.

 (setq gnus-global-score-files
       '(\"/ftp.ifi.uio.no:/pub/larsi/ding/score/soc.motss.SCORE\"
         \"/ftp.some-where:/pub/score\"))")

(defvar gnus-summary-default-score 0
  "Default article score level.
If this variable is nil, scoring will be disabled.")

(defvar gnus-group-default-list-level 5
  "Default listing level.")

(defvar gnus-user-login-name nil
  "The login name of the user.
Got from the function `user-login-name' if undefined.")

(defvar gnus-user-full-name nil
  "The full name of the user.
Got from the NAME environment variable if undefined.")

(defvar gnus-user-from-line nil
  "Your full, complete e-mail address.  
Overrides the other Gnus variables if it is non-nil.

Here are two example values of this variable:

 \"Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@ifi.uio.no>\"

and

 \"larsi@ifi.uio.no (Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen)\"

The first version is recommended, but the name has to be quoted if it
contains non-alphanumerical characters.")

(defvar gnus-show-mime nil
  "*If non-ni, do mime processing of articles.
The articles will simply be fed to the function given by
`gnus-show-mime-method'.")

(defvar gnus-show-mime-method (function metamail-buffer)
  "Function to process a MIME message.
The function is called from the article buffer.")

(defvar gnus-show-threads t
  "*If non-nil, display threads in summary mode.")

(defvar gnus-thread-hide-subtree nil
  "If non-nil, hide all threads initially.
If threads are hidden, you have to run the command
`gnus-summary-show-thread' by hand or use `gnus-select-article-hook'
to expose hidden threads.")

(defvar gnus-thread-hide-killed t
  "If non-nil, hide killed threads automatically.")

(defvar gnus-thread-ignore-subject nil
  "If non-nil, ignore subjects and do all threading based on the Reference header.
If nil, which is the default, articles that have different subjects
from their parents will start separate threads.")

(defvar gnus-thread-indent-level 4
  "Number that says how much each sub-thread should be indented.")

;; jwz: nuke newsgroups whose name is all digits - that means that
;; some loser has let articles get into the root of the news spool,
;; which is toxic. Lines beginning with whitespace also tend to be
;; toxic.
(defvar gnus-ignored-newsgroups
  (purecopy (mapconcat 'identity
                       '("^to\\."       ; not "real" groups
                         "^[0-9. \t]+ " ; all digits in name
                         "[][\"#'()     ;\\]"   ; bogus characters
                         )
                       "\\|"))
  "A regexp to match uninteresting newsgroups in the active file.
Any lines in the active file matching this regular expression are
removed from the newsgroup list before anything else is done to it,
thus making them effectively non-existant.")

(defvar gnus-ignored-headers
  "^Path:\\|^Posting-Version:\\|^Article-I.D.:\\|^Expires:\\|^Date-Received:\\|^References:\\|^Control:\\|^Xref:\\|^Lines:\\|^Posted:\\|^Relay-Version:\\|^Message-ID:\\|^Nf-ID:\\|^Nf-From:\\|^Approved:\\|^Sender:\\|^Received:\\|^Mail-from:"
  "All headers that match this regexp will be hidden.
Also see `gnus-visible-headers'.")

(defvar gnus-visible-headers "^From:\\|^Newsgroups:\\|^Subject:\\|^Date:\\|^Followup-To:\\|^Reply-To:\\|^Organization:\\|^Summary:\\|^Keywords:\\|^To:\\|^Cc:"
  "All headers that do not match this regexp will be hidden.
Also see `gnus-ignored-headers'.")

(defvar gnus-sorted-header-list
  '("^From:" "^Subject:" "^Summary:" "^Keywords:" "^Newsgroups:" "^To:" 
    "^Cc:" "^Date:" "^Organization:")
  "This variable is a list of regular expressions.
If it is non-nil, headers that match the regular expressions will
be placed first in the article buffer in the sequence specified by
this list.")

(defvar gnus-required-headers
  '(From Date Newsgroups Subject Message-ID Organization Lines X-Newsreader)
  "Headers to be generated or prompted for when posting an article.
RFC977 and RFC1036 require From, Date, Newsgroups, Subject, Message-ID
and Path headers.  Organization, Lines and X-Newsreader are optional.
If you want Gnus not to insert some header, remove it from this
list.") 

(defvar gnus-show-all-headers nil
  "*If non-nil, don't hide any headers.")

(defvar gnus-save-all-headers t
  "*If non-nil, don't remove any headers before saving.")

(defvar gnus-inhibit-startup-message nil
  "If non-nil, the startup message will not be displayed.")

(defvar gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup t
  "If non-nil, extend newsgroup forward and backward when requested.")

(defvar gnus-auto-select-first t
  "If non-nil, select the first unread article when entering a group.
If you want to prevent automatic selection of the first unread article
in some newsgroups, set the variable to nil in
`gnus-select-group-hook'.") 

(defvar gnus-auto-select-next t
  "If non-nil, offer to go to the next group from the end of the previous.
If the value is t and the next newsgroup is empty, Gnus will exit
summary mode and go back to group mode.  If the value is neither nil
nor t, Gnus will select the following unread newsgroup.  In
particular, if the value is the symbol `quietly', the next unread
newsgroup will be selected without any confirmations.")

(defvar gnus-auto-select-same nil
  "If non-nil, select the next article with the same subject.")

(defvar gnus-auto-center-summary t
  "*If non-nil, always center the current summary buffer.")

(defvar gnus-auto-mail-to-author nil
  "*If non-nil, mail the authors of articles a copy of your follow-ups.
If this variable is `ask', the user will be prompted for whether to
mail a copy.  The string given by `gnus-mail-courtesy-message' will be
inserted at the beginning of the mail copy.

Mail is sent using the function specified by the
`gnus-mail-send-method' variable.")

;; Added by Ethan Bradford <ethanb@ptolemy.astro.washington.edu>.
(defvar gnus-mail-courtesy-message
  "The following message is a courtesy copy of an article\nthat has been posted as well.\n\n"
  "This is inserted at the start of a mailed copy of a posted message.
If this variable is nil, no such courtesy message will be added.")

(defvar gnus-break-pages t
  "*If non-nil, do page breaking on articles.
The page delimiter is specified by the `gnus-page-delimiter'
variable.")

(defvar gnus-page-delimiter "^\^L"
  "Regexp describing what to use as article page delimiters.
The default value is \"^\^L\", which is a form linefeed at the
beginning of a line.")

(defvar gnus-use-full-window t
  "*If non-nil, use the entire Emacs screen.")

(defvar gnus-window-configuration
  '((summary (0 1 0))
    (newsgroups (1 0 0))
    (article (0 3 10)))
  "Specify window configurations for each action.
The format of the variable is either a list of (ACTION (G S A)), where
G, S, and A are the relative height of group, summary, and article
windows, respectively, or a list of (ACTION FUNCTION), where FUNCTION
is a function that will be called with ACTION as an argument. ACTION
can be `summary', `newsgroups', or `article'.")

(defvar gnus-mail-reply-method (function gnus-mail-reply-using-mail)
  "Function to compose a reply.
Two pre-made functions are `gnus-mail-reply-using-mail' (sendmail) and
`gnus-mail-reply-using-mhe' (MH-E).")

(defvar gnus-mail-forward-method (function gnus-mail-forward-using-mail)
  "Function to forward the current message to another user.
Two pre-made functions are `gnus-mail-forward-using-mail' (sendmail)
and `gnus-mail-forward-using-mhe' (MH-E).") 

(defvar gnus-mail-other-window-method 'gnus-mail-other-window-using-mail
  "Function to compose mail in the other window.
Two pre-made functions are `gnus-mail-other-window-using-mail'
(sendmail) and `gnus-mail-other-window-using-mhe' (MH-E).")

(defvar gnus-mail-send-method send-mail-function
  "Function to mail a message which is also being posted as an article.
The message must have To or Cc header.  The default is copied from
the variable `send-mail-function'.")

(defvar gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method 'gnus-subscribe-zombies
  "Function called with a group name when new group is detected.
A few pre-made functions are supplied: `gnus-subscribe-randomly'
inserts new groups at the beginning of the list of groups;
`gnus-subscribe-alphabetically' inserts new groups in strict
alphabetic order; `gnus-subscribe-hierarchically' inserts new groups
in hierarchical newsgroup order; `gnus-subscribe-interactively' asks
for your decision.")

;; Suggested by a bug report by Hallvard B Furuseth.
;; <h.b.furuseth@usit.uio.no>. 
(defvar gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method
  (function gnus-subscribe-alphabetically)
  "This function is called to subscribe newsgroups mentioned on \"options -n\" lines.
If, for instance, you want to subscribe to all newsgroups in the
\"no\" and \"alt\" hierarchies, you'd put the following in your
.newsrc file:

options -n no.all alt.all

Gnus will the subscribe all new newsgroups in these hierarchies with
the subscription method in this variable.")

(defvar gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive nil
  "If non-nil, Gnus will offer to subscribe hierarchically.
When a new hierarchy appears, Gnus will ask the user:

'alt.binaries': Do you want to subscribe to this hierarchy? ([d]ys):

If the user pressed `d', Gnus will descend the hierarchy, `y' will
subscribe to all newsgroups in the hierarchy and `s' will skip this
hierarchy in its entirety.")

(defvar gnus-group-sort-function 'gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet
  "Function used for sorting the group buffer.
This function will be called with group info entries as the arguments
for the groups to be sorted.  Pre-made functions include
`gnus-sort-by-alphabet', `gnus-sort-by-unread' and
`gnus-sort-by-level'")

;; Mark variables suggested by Thomas Michanek
;; <Thomas.Michanek@telelogic.se>. 
(defvar gnus-unread-mark ? 
  "Mark used for unread articles.")
(defvar gnus-ticked-mark ?!
  "Mark used for ticked articles.")
(defvar gnus-dormant-mark ??
  "Mark used for dormant articles.")
(defvar gnus-dread-mark ?D
  "Mark used for read articles.")
(defvar gnus-read-mark ?d
  "Mark used for read articles.")
(defvar gnus-expirable-mark ?E
  "Mark used for expirable articles.")
(defvar gnus-killed-mark ?K
  "Mark used for killed articles.")
(defvar gnus-kill-file-mark ?X
  "Mark used for articles killed by kill files.")
(defvar gnus-low-score-mark ?Y
  "Mark used for articles with a low score.")
(defvar gnus-catchup-mark ?C
  "Mark used for articles that are caught up.")
(defvar gnus-replied-mark ?R
  "Mark used for articles that have been replied to.")
(defvar gnus-process-mark ?# 
  "Process mark.")
(defvar gnus-ancient-mark ?A
  "Mark used for ancient articles.")
(defvar gnus-canceled-mark ?G
  "Mark used for cancelled articles.")
(defvar gnus-score-over-mark ?+
  "Score mark used for articles with high scores.")
(defvar gnus-score-below-mark ?-
  "Score mark used for articles with low scores.")

(defvar gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously nil
  "*If non-nil, Gnus will view pseudo-articles asynchronously.")

(defvar gnus-view-pseudos nil
  "If `automatic', pseudo-articles will be viewed automatically.
If `not-confirm', pseudos will be viewed automatically, and the user
will not be asked to confirm the command.")

(defvar gnus-group-line-format "%M%S%5y: %(%g%)\n"
  "Format of groups lines.
It works along the same lines as a normal formatting string,
with some simple extensions.

%M    Only marked articles (character, \"*\" or \" \")
%S    Whether the group is subscribed (character, \"U\", \"K\", \"Z\" or \" \")
%L    Level of subscribedness (integer, 1-9)
%N    Number of unread articles (integer)
%I    Number of dormant articles (integer)
%i    Number of ticked and dormant (integer)
%T    Number of ticked articles (integer)
%R    Number of read articles (integer)
%t    Total number of articles (integer)
%y    Number of unread, unticked articles (integer)
%G    Group name (string)
%g    Qualified group name (string)
%D    Group description (string)
%s    Select method (string)
%o    Moderated group (char, \"m\")
%O    Moderated group (string, \"(m)\" or \"\")
%n    Select from where (string)
%z    A string that look like `<%s:%n>' if a foreign select method is used
%u    User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should
      be a letter.  Gnus will call the function gnus-user-format-function-X,
      where X is the letter following %u. The function will be passed the
      current header as argument. The function should return a string, which
      will be inserted into the buffer just like information from any other
      group specifier.

Text between %( and %) will be highlighted with `gnus-mouse-face' when
the mouse point move inside the area.  There can only be one such area.

Note that this format specification is not always respected. For
reasons of efficiency, when listing killed groups, this specification
is ignored altogether. If the spec is changed considerably, your
output may end up looking strange when listing both alive and killed
groups.

If you use %o or %O, reading the active file will be slower and quite
a bit of extra memory will be used. %D will also worsen performance.
Also note that if you change the format specification to include any
of these specs, you must probably re-start Gnus to see them go into
effect.") 

(defvar gnus-summary-line-format "%U%R%z%I%(%[%4L: %-20,20n%]%) %s\n"
  "The format specification of the lines in the summary buffer.

It works along the same lines as a normal formatting string,
with some simple extensions.

%N   Article number, left padded with spaces (string)
%S   Subject (string)
%s   Subject if it is at the root of a thread, and \"\" otherwise (string)
%n   Name of the poster (string)
%A   Address of the poster (string)
%L   Number of lines in the article (integer)
%c   Number of characters in the article (integer)
%D   Date of the article (string)
%I   Indentation based on thread level (a string of spaces)
%T   A string with two possible values: 80 spaces if the article
     is on thread level two or larger and 0 spaces on level one
%U   Status of this article (character, \"D\", \"K\", \"-\" or \" \") 
%[   Opening bracket (character, \"[\" or \"<\")
%]   Closing bracket (character, \"]\" or \">\")
%>   Spaces of length thread-level (string)
%<   Spaces of length (- 20 thread-level) (string)
%i   Article score (number)
%z   Article zcore (character)
%t   Number of articles under the current thread.
%u   User defined specifier. The next character in the format string should
     be a letter.  Gnus will call the function gnus-user-format-function-X,
     where X is the letter following %u. The function will be passed the
     current header as argument. The function should return a string, which
     will be inserted into the summary just like information from any other
     summary specifier.

Text between %( and %) will be highlighted with `gnus-mouse-face'
when the mouse point is placed inside the area.  There can only be one
such area.

The %U (status), %R (replied) and %z (zcore) specs have to be handled
with care. For reasons of efficiency, Gnus will compute what column
these characters will end up in, and \"hard-code\" that. This means that
it is illegal to have these specs after a variable-length spec. Well,
you might not be arrested, but your summary buffer will look strange,
which is bad enough.

The smart choice is to have these specs as for to the left as
possible. 

This restriction may disappear in later versions of Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-summary-dummy-line-format "*   :                          : %S\n"
  "The format specification for the dummy roots in the summary buffer.
It works along the same lines as a normal formatting string,
with some simple extensions.

%S  The subject")

(defvar gnus-summary-mode-line-format "(ding) %G/%A %Z"
  "The format specification for the summary mode line.")

(defvar gnus-article-mode-line-format "(ding) %G/%A %S"
  "The format specification for the article mode line.")

(defvar gnus-group-mode-line-format "(ding) List of groups   {%M:%S}  "
  "The format specification for the group mode line.")

(defvar gnus-valid-select-methods
  '(("nntp" post address prompt-address)
    ("nnspool" post) ("nnvirtual" none virtual prompt-address) 
    ("nnmbox" mail respool) ("nnml" mail respool)
    ("nnmh" mail respool) ("nndir" none prompt-address) ("nndigest" none)
    ("nndoc" none prompt-address) ("nnbabyl" mail respool)
    ("nnkiboze" none virtual) ("nnfolder" mail respool))
  "An alist of valid select methods.
The first element of each list lists should be a string with the name
of the select method. The other elements may be be the category of
this method (ie. `post', `mail', `none' or whatever) or other
properties that this method has (like being respoolable).
If you implement a new select method, all you should have to change is
this variable. I think.")

(defvar gnus-updated-mode-lines '(group article summary)
  "List of buffers that should update their mode lines.
The list may contain the symbols `group', `article' and `summary'. If
the corresponding symbol is present, Gnus will keep that mode line
updated with information that may be pertinent. 
If this variable is nil, screen refresh may be quicker.")

;; Added by Keinonen Kari <kk85613@cs.tut.fi>.
(defvar gnus-mode-non-string-length 21
  "Max length of mode-line non-string contents buffer contents.")

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defvar gnus-mouse-face 'highlight
  "Face used for mouse highlighting in Gnus.
No mouse highlights will be done if `gnus-visual' is nil.")

(defvar gnus-summary-mark-below nil
  "Mark all articles with a score below this variable as read.
This variable is local to each summary buffer and usually set by the
score file.")  

(defvar gnus-orphan-score nil
  "All orphans get this score added. Set in the score file.")

(defvar gnus-thread-sort-functions '(gnus-thread-sort-by-number)
  "List of functions used for sorting threads in the summary buffer.
By default, threads are sorted by article number.

Each function takes two threads and return non-nil if the first thread
should be sorted before the other.  If you use more than one function,
the primary sort function should be the last.

Ready-mady functions include `gnus-thread-sort-by-number',
`gnus-thread-sort-by-author', `gnus-thread-sort-by-subject',
`gnus-thread-sort-by-date', `gnus-thread-sort-by-score' and
`gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score' (see `gnus-thread-score-function').

The latter two only work on threads that have been scored prior to
entering the newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-thread-score-function '+
  "Function used for calculating the total score of a thread.

The function is called with the scores of the article and each
subthread and should then return the score of the thread.

Some functions you can use are `+', `max', or `min'.")

(defvar gnus-score-find-score-files-function 'gnus-score-find-bnews
  "Function used to find SCORE files.
The function will be called with the group name as the argument, and
should return a list of score files to apply to that group.  The score
files do not actually have to exist.

Predefined values are:

gnus-score-find-single: Only apply the group's own SCORE file.
gnus-score-find-hierarchical: Also apply SCORE files from parent groups.
gnus-score-find-bnews: Apply SCORE files whose names matches.

See the documentation to these functions for more information.

This variable can also be a list of functions to be called.  Each
function should either return a list of score files, or the functions
may also return lists of score alists.")

(defvar gnus-options-subscribe nil
  "All new groups matching this regexp will be subscribed unconditionally.
Note that this variable deals only with new newsgroups.  This variable
does not affect old newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-options-not-subscribe nil
  "All new groups matching this regexp will be ignored.
Note that this variable deals only with new newsgroups.  This variable
does not affect old (already subscribed) newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups nil
  "Groups in which to automatically mark read articles as expirable.
If non-nil, this should be a regexp that should match all groups in
which to perform auto-expiry. This only makes sense for mail groups.")


;; Hooks.

(defvar gnus-group-mode-hook nil
  "A hook for Gnus group mode.")

(defvar gnus-summary-mode-hook nil
  "A hook for Gnus summary mode.")

(defvar gnus-article-mode-hook nil
  "A hook for Gnus article mode.")

(defvar gnus-open-server-hook nil
  "A hook called just before opening connection to the news server.")

(defvar gnus-startup-hook nil
  "A hook called at startup.
This hook is called after Gnus is connected to the NNTP server.")

(defvar gnus-get-new-news-hook nil
  "A hook run just before Gnus checks for new news.")

(defvar gnus-group-prepare-function 'gnus-group-prepare-flat
  "A function that is called to generate the group buffer.
The function is called with three arguments: The first is a number;
all group with a level less or equal to that number should be listed,
if the second is non-nil, empty groups should also be displayed. If
the third is non-nil, it is a number. No groups with a level lower
than this number should be displayed.

The only current function implemented is `gnus-group-prepare-flat'.")

(defvar gnus-group-prepare-hook nil
  "A hook called after the group buffer has been generated.
If you want to modify the group buffer, you can use this hook.")

(defvar gnus-summary-prepare-hook nil
  "A hook called after the summary buffer has been generated.
If you want to modify the summary buffer, you can use this hook.")

(defvar gnus-article-prepare-hook nil
  "A hook called after an article has been prepared in the article buffer.
If you want to run a special decoding program like nkf, use this hook.")

(defvar gnus-article-display-hook nil
  "A hook called after the article is displayed in the article buffer.
The hook is designed to change the contents of the article
buffer. Typical functions that this hook may contain are
`gnus-article-hide-headers' (hide selected headers),
`gnus-article-hide-signature' (hide signature) and
`gnus-article-treat-overstrike' (turn \"^H_\" into bold characters).")
(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted)
(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-treat-overstrike)

(defvar gnus-select-group-hook nil
  "A hook called when a newsgroup is selected.

If you'd like to simplify subjects like the
`gnus-summary-next-same-subject' command does, you can use the
following hook:

 (setq gnus-select-group-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          (mapcar (lambda (header)
                     (header-set-subject
                      header
                      (gnus-simplify-subject
                       (header-subject header) 're-only)))
                  gnus-newsgroup-headers))))")

(defvar gnus-select-article-hook
  '(gnus-summary-show-thread)
  "A hook called when an article is selected.
The default hook shows conversation thread subtrees of the selected
article automatically using `gnus-summary-show-thread'.")

(defvar gnus-apply-kill-hook '(gnus-apply-kill-file)
  "A hook called to apply kill files to a group.
This hook is intended to apply a kill file to the selected newsgroup.
The function `gnus-apply-kill-file' is called by default.

Since a general kill file is too heavy to use only for a few
newsgroups, I recommend you to use a lighter hook function. For
example, if you'd like to apply a kill file to articles which contains
a string `rmgroup' in subject in newsgroup `control', you can use the
following hook:

\(setq gnus-apply-kill-hook
      (list
        (lambda ()
          (cond ((string-match \"control\" gnus-newsgroup-name)
                 (gnus-kill \"Subject\" \"rmgroup\")
                 (gnus-expunge \"X\"))))))")

(defvar gnus-visual-mark-article-hook 
  (list 'gnus-visual-highlight-selected-summary)
  "Hook run after selecting an article in the summary buffer.
It is meant to be used for highlighting the article in some way.  It
is not run if `gnus-visual' is nil.")

(defvar gnus-prepare-article-hook (list 'gnus-inews-insert-signature)
  "A hook called after preparing body, but before preparing header headers.
The default hook (`gnus-inews-insert-signature') inserts a signature
file specified by the variable `gnus-signature-file'.")

(defvar gnus-inews-article-hook (list 'gnus-inews-do-fcc)
  "A hook called before finally posting an article.
The default hook (`gnus-inews-do-fcc') does FCC processing (ie. saves
the article to a file).")

(defvar gnus-inews-article-header-hook nil
  "A hook called after inserting the headers in an article to be posted.
The hook is called from the *post-news* buffer, narrowed to the
headers.")

(defvar gnus-exit-group-hook nil
  "A hook called when exiting (not quitting) summary mode.")

(defvar gnus-suspend-gnus-hook nil
  "A hook called when suspending (not exiting) Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-exit-gnus-hook nil
  "A hook called when exiting Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-save-newsrc-hook nil
  "A hook called when saving the newsrc file.")

(defvar gnus-visual-summary-update-hook 
  (list 'gnus-visual-summary-highlight-line)
  "A hook called when a summary line is changed.
The hook will not be called if `gnus-visual' is nil.

The default function `gnus-visual-summary-highlight-line' will
highlight the line according to the `gnus-visual-summary-highlight'
variable.")

(defvar gnus-mark-article-hook (list 'gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read)
  "A hook called when an article is selected for the first time.
The hook is intended to mark an article as read (or unread)
automatically when it is selected.")

;; Site dependent variables. These variables should be defined in
;; paths.el.

(defvar gnus-default-nntp-server nil
  "Specify a default NNTP server.
This variable should be defined in paths.el, and should never be set
by the user.
If you want to change servers, you should use `gnus-select-method'.
See the documentation to that variable.")

(defconst gnus-backup-default-subscribed-newsgroups 
  '("news.announce.newusers" "news.groups.questions" "gnu.emacs.gnus")
  "Default default new newsgroups the first time Gnus is run.
Should be set in paths.el, and shouldn't be touched by the user.")

(defvar gnus-local-domain nil
  "Local domain name without a host name.
The DOMAINNAME environment variable is used instead if it is defined.
If the `system-name' function returns the full Internet name, there is
no need to set this variable.")

(defvar gnus-local-organization nil
  "String with a description of what organization (if any) the user belongs to.
The ORGANIZATION environment variable is used instead if it is defined.
If this variable contains a function, this function will be called
with the current newsgroup name as the argument. The function should
return a string.
In any case, if the string (either in the variable, in the environment
variable, or returned by the function) is a file name, the contents of
this file will be used as the organization.")

(defvar gnus-use-generic-from nil
  "If nil, the full host name will be the system name prepended to the domain name.
If this is a string, the full host name will be this string.
If this is non-nil, non-string, the domain name will be used as the
full host name.")

(defvar gnus-use-generic-path nil
  "If nil, use the NNTP server name in the Path header.
If stringp, use this; if non-nil, use no host name (user name only).")

\f
;; Internal variables

;; Avoid highlighting in kill files.
(defvar gnus-summary-inhibit-highlight nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-selected-overlay nil)

(defvar gnus-article-mode-map nil)
(defvar caesar-translate-table nil)
(defvar gnus-dribble-buffer nil)
(defvar gnus-headers-retrieved-by nil)
(defvar gnus-article-reply nil)
(defvar gnus-override-method nil)
(defvar gnus-article-check-size nil)
(defvar gnus-score-file-list nil)
(defvar gnus-internal-global-score-files nil)
(defvar gnus-current-score-file nil)

(defvar gnus-current-move-group nil)

(defvar gnus-score-alist nil
  "Alist containing score information.
The keys can be symbols or strings.  The following symbols are defined. 

touched: If this alist has been modified.
mark:    Automatically mark articles below this.
expunge: Automatically expunge articles below this.
files:   List of other SCORE files to load when loading this one.
eval:    Sexp to be evaluated when the score file is loaded.

String entries have the form (HEADER (MATCH TYPE SCORE DATE) ...) 
where HEADER is the header being scored, MATCH is the string we are
looking for, TYPE is a flag indicating whether it should use regexp or
substring matching, SCORE is the score to add and DATE is the date
of the last succesful match.")

(defvar gnus-score-cache nil)
(defvar gnus-scores-articles nil)
(defvar gnus-header-index nil)
(defvar gnus-score-index nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-dependencies nil)
(defconst gnus-group-edit-buffer "*Gnus edit newsgroup*")
(defvar gnus-default-subscribe-level 2)
(defvar gnus-default-unsubscribe-level 6)
(defvar gnus-default-kill-level 9)

(defconst gnus-group-line-format-alist
  (list (list ?M 'marked ?c)
        (list ?S 'subscribed ?c)
        (list ?L 'level ?d)
        (list ?N 'number ?s)
        (list ?I 'number-of-dormant ?d)
        (list ?T 'number-of-ticked ?d)
        (list ?R 'number-of-read ?s)
        (list ?t 'number-total ?d)
        (list ?y 'number-of-unread-unticked ?s)
        (list ?i 'number-of-ticked-and-dormant ?d)
        (list ?g 'group ?s)
        (list ?G 'qualified-group ?s)
        (list ?D 'newsgroup-description ?s)
        (list ?o 'moderated ?c)
        (list ?O 'moderated-string ?s)
        (list ?s 'news-server ?s)
        (list ?n 'news-method ?s)
        (list ?z 'news-method-string ?s)
        (list ?u 'user-defined ?s)))

(defconst gnus-summary-line-format-alist 
  (list (list ?N 'number ?s)
        (list ?S 'subject ?s)
        (list ?s 'subject-or-nil ?s)
        (list ?n 'name ?s)
        (list ?A 'address ?s)
        (list ?F 'from ?s)
        (list ?x (macroexpand '(header-xref header)) ?s)
        (list ?D (macroexpand '(header-date header)) ?s)
        (list ?M (macroexpand '(header-id header)) ?s)
        (list ?r (macroexpand '(header-references header)) ?s)
        (list ?c (macroexpand '(header-chars header)) ?d)
        (list ?L 'lines ?d)
        (list ?I 'indentation ?s)
        (list ?T '(if (< level 1) "" (make-string (frame-width) ? )) ?s)
        (list ?R 'replied ?c)
        (list ?\[ 'opening-bracket ?c)
        (list ?\] 'closing-bracket ?c)
        (list ?\> '(make-string level ? ) ?s)
        (list ?\< '(make-string (max 0 (- 20 level)) ? ) ?s)
        (list ?i 'score ?s)
        (list ?z 'score-char ?c)
        (list ?U 'unread ?c)
        (list ?t '(gnus-summary-number-of-articles-in-thread thread) ?d)
        (list ?u 'user-defined ?s))
  "An alist of format specifications that can appear in summary lines,
and what variables they correspond with, along with the type of the
variable (string, integer, character, etc).")

(defconst gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-alist
  (list (list ?S 'subject ?s)
        (list ?N 'number ?d)
        (list ?u 'user-defined ?s)))

(defconst gnus-summary-mode-line-format-alist 
  (list (list ?G 'group-name ?s)
        (list ?g '(gnus-short-group-name group-name))
        (list ?A 'article-number ?d)
        (list ?Z 'unread-and-unselected ?s)
        (list ?V 'gnus-version ?s)
        (list ?U 'unread ?d)
        (list ?S 'subject ?s)
        (list ?e 'unselected ?d)
        (list ?u 'user-defined ?s)
        (list ?s 'gnus-current-score-file ?s)))

(defconst gnus-group-mode-line-format-alist 
  (list (list ?S 'news-server ?s)
        (list ?M 'news-method ?s)
        (list ?u 'user-defined ?s)))

(defvar gnus-have-read-active-file nil)

(defconst gnus-maintainer "Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@ifi.uio.no>"
  "The mail address of the Gnus maintainer.")

(defconst gnus-version "(ding) Gnus v0.50"
  "Version number for this version of Gnus.")

(defvar gnus-info-nodes
  '((gnus-group-mode            "(gnus)The Group Buffer")
    (gnus-summary-mode          "(gnus)The Summary Buffer")
    (gnus-article-mode          "(gnus)The Article Buffer"))
  "Assoc list of major modes and related Info nodes.")

(defvar gnus-documentation-group-file "~/dgnus/lisp/doc.txt"
  "The location of the (ding) Gnus documentation group.")

(defvar gnus-group-buffer "*Group*")
(defvar gnus-summary-buffer "*Summary*")
(defvar gnus-article-buffer "*Article*")

(defvar gnus-buffer-list nil
  "Gnus buffers that should be killed on exit.")

(defvar gnus-variable-list
  '(gnus-newsrc-options gnus-newsrc-options-n
    gnus-newsrc-last-checked-date
    gnus-newsrc-assoc gnus-killed-list gnus-zombie-list)
  "Gnus variables saved in the quick startup file.")

(defvar gnus-overload-functions
  '((news-inews gnus-inews-news "rnewspost")
    (caesar-region gnus-caesar-region "rnews"))
  "Functions overloaded by gnus.
It is a list of `(original overload &optional file)'.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-options nil
  "Options line in the .newsrc file.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-options-n nil
  "List of regexps representing groups to be subscribed/ignored unconditionally.") 

(defvar gnus-newsrc-last-checked-date nil
  "Date Gnus last asked server for new newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-assoc nil
  "Assoc list of read articles.
gnus-newsrc-hashtb should be kept so that both hold the same information.")

(defvar gnus-newsrc-hashtb nil
  "Hashtable of gnus-newsrc-assoc.")

(defvar gnus-killed-list nil
  "List of killed newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-killed-hashtb nil
  "Hash table equivalent of gnus-killed-list.")

(defvar gnus-zombie-list nil
  "List of almost dead newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-description-hashtb nil
  "Descriptions of newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-list-of-killed-groups nil
  "List of newsgroups that have recently been killed by the user.")

(defvar gnus-active-hashtb nil
  "Hashtable of active articles.")

(defvar gnus-moderated-list nil
  "List of moderated newsgroups.")

(defvar gnus-current-startup-file nil
  "Startup file for the current host.")

(defvar gnus-last-search-regexp nil
  "Default regexp for article search command.")

(defvar gnus-last-shell-command nil
  "Default shell command on article.")

(defvar gnus-current-select-method nil
  "The current method for selecting a newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-have-all-newsgroups nil)

(defvar gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-name nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-begin nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-end nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-mail nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-folder nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-last-file nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-unreads nil
  "List of unread articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-unselected nil
  "List of unselected unread articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-marked nil
  "List of ticked articles in the current newsgroup (a subset of unread art).")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-killed nil
  "List of ranges of articles that have been through the scoring process.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-kill-headers nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-replied nil
  "List of articles that have been replied to in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-expirable nil
  "List of articles in the current newsgroup that can be expired.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-processable nil
  "List of articles in the current newsgroup that can be processed.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks nil
  "List of articles in the current newsgroup that have bookmarks.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-dormant nil
  "List of dormant articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-scored nil
  "List of scored articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-headers nil
  "List of article headers in the current newsgroup.")
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number nil)

(defvar gnus-newsgroup-ancient nil
  "List of `gnus-fetch-old-headers' articles in the current newsgroup.")

(defvar gnus-current-article nil)
(defvar gnus-article-current nil)
(defvar gnus-current-headers nil)
(defvar gnus-have-all-headers nil)
(defvar gnus-last-article nil)
(defvar gnus-newsgroup-history nil)
(defvar gnus-current-kill-article nil)

;; Save window configuration.
(defvar gnus-winconf-edit-group nil)
(defvar gnus-winconf-edit-score nil)

;; Format specs
(defvar gnus-summary-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-group-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-mode-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-article-mode-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-mark-positions nil)

(defvar gnus-summary-expunge-below nil)
(defvar gnus-reffed-article-number nil)

(defvar rmail-default-file (expand-file-name "~/XMBOX"))
(defvar rmail-default-rmail-file (expand-file-name "~/XNEWS"))

(defconst gnus-summary-local-variables 
  '(gnus-newsgroup-name 
    gnus-newsgroup-begin gnus-newsgroup-end 
    gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail gnus-newsgroup-last-mail 
    gnus-newsgroup-last-folder gnus-newsgroup-last-file 
    gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire gnus-newsgroup-unreads 
    gnus-newsgroup-unselected gnus-newsgroup-marked
    gnus-newsgroup-replied gnus-newsgroup-expirable
    gnus-newsgroup-processable gnus-newsgroup-killed
    gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks gnus-newsgroup-dormant
    gnus-newsgroup-headers gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
    gnus-current-article gnus-current-headers gnus-have-all-headers
    gnus-last-article gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook
    gnus-newsgroup-dependencies gnus-newsgroup-selected-overlay
    gnus-newsgroup-scored gnus-newsgroup-kill-headers
    gnus-score-alist gnus-current-score-file gnus-summary-expunge-below 
    gnus-summary-mark-below
    gnus-newsgroup-history gnus-newsgroup-ancient)
  "Variables that are buffer-local to the summary buffers.")

;;; End of variables.

;; Define some autoload functions Gnus might use.
(eval-and-compile
  (autoload 'metamail-buffer "metamail")
  (autoload 'Info-goto-node "info")
  
  (autoload 'timezone-make-date-arpa-standard "timezone")
  (autoload 'timezone-fix-time "timezone")
  (autoload 'timezone-make-sortable-date "timezone")
  (autoload 'timezone-make-time-string "timezone")
  
  (autoload 'rmail-output "rmailout")
  (autoload 'mail-position-on-field "sendmail")
  (autoload 'mail-setup "sendmail")
  (autoload 'news-mail-other-window "rnewspost")

  (autoload 'gnus-mail-reply-using-mhe "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-mail-forward-using-mhe "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-mail-other-window-using-mhe "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-summary-save-in-folder "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-Folder-save-name "gnus-mh")
  (autoload 'gnus-folder-save-name "gnus-mh")
  
  (autoload 'gnus-group-make-menu-bar "gnus-visual")
  (autoload 'gnus-summary-make-menu-bar "gnus-visual")
  (autoload 'gnus-article-make-menu-bar "gnus-visual")
  (autoload 'gnus-visual-highlight-selected-summary "gnus-visual")
  (autoload 'gnus-visual-summary-highlight-line "gnus-visual")

  (autoload 'gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-mark-region "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-mark-thread "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-mark-sparse "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-mark-series "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-mark-all "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-post-news "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-digest-and-forward "gnus-uu")

  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-uu "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-save "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-binhex "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-uu-view "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-save-view "gnus-uu")
  (autoload 'gnus-uu-decode-binhex-view "gnus-uu")

  (autoload 'gnus-kill "gnus-kill")
  (autoload 'gnus-apply-kill-file-internal "gnus-kill")
  (autoload 'gnus-kill-file-edit-file "gnus-kill")
  (autoload 'gnus-kill-file-raise-followups-to-author "gnus-kill")
  (autoload 'gnus-execute "gnus-kill")

  (autoload 'pp "pp")
  (autoload 'pp-to-string "pp")
  (autoload 'mail-extract-address-components "mail-extr")
  )

\f

;; Fix by Hallvard B Furuseth <h.b.furuseth@usit.uio.no>.
;; If you want the cursor to go somewhere else, set these two
;; functions in some startup hook to whatever you want.
(defalias 'gnus-summary-position-cursor 'gnus-goto-colon)
(defalias 'gnus-group-position-cursor 'gnus-goto-colon)

;; Cruft to make Gnus work under GNU XEmacs.
(defvar gnus-xemacs nil
  "Non-nil if Gnus is running under GNU XEmacs.")

(if (not (string-match "XEmacs\\|Lucid" emacs-version))
    ()
  (setq gnus-xemacs t)
  (eval
   '((or (memq 'underline (list-faces))
         (make-face 'underline))
     (or (face-differs-from-default-p 'underline)
         (set-face-underline-p 'underline t))
     
     (defun set-text-properties (start end props &optional buffer)
       (if props
           (put-text-property start end (car props) (cadr props) buffer)
         (remove-text-properties start end ()))))))


(defmacro gnus-eval-in-buffer-window (buffer &rest forms)
  "Pop to BUFFER, evaluate FORMS, and then returns to original window."
  (` (let ((GnusStartBufferWindow (selected-window)))
       (unwind-protect
           (progn
             (pop-to-buffer (, buffer))
             (,@ forms))
         (select-window GnusStartBufferWindow)))))

(defun gnus-make-hashtable (&optional hashsize)
  "Make a hash table (default and minimum size is 255).
Optional argument HASHSIZE specifies the table size."
  (make-vector (if hashsize 
                   (max (gnus-create-hash-size hashsize) 255)
                 255) 0))

(defmacro gnus-gethash (string hashtable)
  "Get hash value of STRING in HASHTABLE."
  ;;(` (symbol-value (abbrev-symbol (, string) (, hashtable))))
  ;;(` (abbrev-expansion (, string) (, hashtable)))
  (` (symbol-value (intern-soft (, string) (, hashtable)))))

(defmacro gnus-sethash (string value hashtable)
  "Set hash value. Arguments are STRING, VALUE, and HASHTABLE."
  ;; We cannot use define-abbrev since it only accepts string as value.
                                        ;  (set (intern string hashtable) value))
  (` (set (intern (, string) (, hashtable)) (, value))))

(defsubst gnus-buffer-substring (beg end)
  (buffer-substring (match-beginning beg) (match-end end)))

(defsubst gnus-simplify-subject-re (subject)
  "Remove \"Re:\" from subject lines."
  (let ((case-fold-search t))
    (if (string-match "^re: *" subject)
        (substring subject (match-end 0))
      subject)))

(defsubst gnus-goto-char (point)
  (and point (goto-char point)))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Utility Functions
;;;

(defun gnus-extract-address-components (from)
  (let (name address)
    (if (string-match "\\b[^@ \t<>]+[!@][^@ \t<>]+\\b" from)
        (setq address (substring from (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))))
    (and address
         (string-match (concat "<" (regexp-quote address) ">") from)
         (setq name (substring from 0 (1- (match-beginning 0)))))
    (or name
        (and (string-match "(.+)" from)
             (setq name (substring from (1+ (match-beginning 0)) 
                                   (1- (match-end 0))))))
    ;; Fix by Hallvard B Furuseth <h.b.furuseth@usit.uio.no>.
    (list (or name from) (or address from))))

(defun gnus-fetch-field (field)
  "Return the value of the header FIELD of current article."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (gnus-narrow-to-headers)
      (mail-fetch-field field))))

(defun gnus-goto-colon ()
  (beginning-of-line)
  (search-forward ":" (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point)) t))

(defun gnus-narrow-to-headers ()
  (widen)
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char 1)
    (if (search-forward "\n\n")
        (narrow-to-region 1 (1- (point))))))

;; Get a number that is suitable for hashing; bigger than MIN
(defun gnus-create-hash-size (min)
  (let ((i 1))
    (while (< i min)
      (setq i (* 2 i)))
    (1- i)))

(defun gnus-update-format-specifications ()
  (setq gnus-summary-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format
         gnus-summary-line-format gnus-summary-line-format-alist))
  (gnus-update-summary-mark-positions)
  (setq gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-summary-dummy-line-format 
                           gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-alist))
  (setq gnus-group-line-format-spec
        (gnus-parse-format 
         gnus-group-line-format 
         gnus-group-line-format-alist))
  (if (and (string-match "%D" gnus-group-line-format)
           (not gnus-description-hashtb)
           gnus-read-active-file)
      (gnus-read-descriptions-file))
  (setq gnus-summary-mode-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-summary-mode-line-format 
                           gnus-summary-mode-line-format-alist))
  (setq gnus-article-mode-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-article-mode-line-format 
                           gnus-summary-mode-line-format-alist))
  (setq gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec 
        (gnus-parse-format gnus-group-mode-line-format 
                           gnus-group-mode-line-format-alist)))

(defun gnus-update-summary-mark-positions ()
  (save-excursion
    (let ((gnus-replied-mark 129)
          (gnus-score-below-mark 130)
          (gnus-score-over-mark 130)
          pos)
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *gnus work*"))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (gnus-summary-insert-line 
       nil [0 "" "" "" "" "" 0 0 ""]  0 nil 128 t nil "" nil 1)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (setq pos (list (cons 'unread (and (search-forward "\200" nil t)
                                         (- (point) 2)))))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (setq pos (cons (cons 'replied (and (search-forward "\201" nil t)
                                          (- (point) 2))) pos))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (setq pos (cons (cons 'score (and (search-forward "\202" nil t)
                                        (- (point) 2))) pos))
      (setq gnus-summary-mark-positions pos)
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))))

(defun gnus-format-max-width (var length)
  (let (result)
    (if (> (length (setq result (eval var))) length)
        (format "%s" (substring result 0 length))
      (format "%s" result))))

(defun gnus-set-mouse-face (string)
  ;; Set mouse face property on STRING.
  (or gnus-xemacs
      (put-text-property 0 (length string) 'mouse-face gnus-mouse-face string))
  string)

(defun gnus-parse-format (format spec-alist)
  ;; This function parses the FORMAT string with the help of the
  ;; SPEC-ALIST and returns a list that can be eval'ed to return the
  ;; string.  If the FORMAT string contains the specifiers %( and %)
  ;; the text between them will have the mouse-face text property.
  (if (string-match "\\`\\(.*\\)%(\\(.*\\)%)\\(.*\n?\\)\\'" format)
      (if (and gnus-visual gnus-mouse-face)
          (let ((pre (substring format (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
                (button (substring format (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))
                (post (substring format (match-beginning 3) (match-end 3))))
            (list 'concat
                  (gnus-parse-simple-format pre spec-alist)
                  (list 'gnus-set-mouse-face
                        (gnus-parse-simple-format button spec-alist))
                  (gnus-parse-simple-format post spec-alist)))
        (gnus-parse-simple-format
         (concat (substring format (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
                 (substring format (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))
                 (substring format (match-beginning 3) (match-end 3)))
         spec-alist))
    (gnus-parse-simple-format format spec-alist)))

(defun gnus-parse-simple-format (format spec-alist)
  ;; This function parses the FORMAT string with the help of the
  ;; SPEC-ALIST and returns a list that can be eval'ed to return the
  ;; string. The list will consist of the symbol `format', a format
  ;; specification string, and a list of forms depending on the
  ;; SPEC-ALIST.
  (let ((max-width 0)
        spec flist fstring b newspec max-width elem beg)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *gnus work*"))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert format)
      (goto-char 1)
      (while (re-search-forward "%[-0-9]*\\(,[0-9]*\\)*\\(.\\)\\(.\\)?" nil t)
        (setq spec (string-to-char (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2)
                                                     (match-end 2))))
        ;; First check if there are any specs that look anything like
        ;; "%12,12A", ie. with a "max width specification". These have
        ;; to be treated specially.
        (if (setq beg (match-beginning 1))
            (setq max-width 
                  (string-to-int 
                   (buffer-substring (1+ (match-beginning 1)) (match-end 1))))
          (setq max-width 0)
          (setq beg (match-beginning 2)))
        ;; Find the specification from `spec-alist'.
        (if (not (setq elem (cdr (assq spec spec-alist))))
            (setq elem '("*" ?s)))
        ;; Treat user defined format specifiers specially
        (and (eq (car elem) 'user-defined)
             (setq elem
                   (list 
                    (list (intern (concat "gnus-user-format-function-"
                                          (buffer-substring
                                           (match-beginning 3)
                                           (match-end 3))))
                          'header)
                    ?s))
             (delete-region (match-beginning 3) (match-end 3)))
        (if (not (zerop max-width))
            (let ((el (car elem)))
              (cond ((= (car (cdr elem)) ?c) 
                     (setq el (list 'char-to-string el)))
                    ((= (car (cdr elem)) ?d)
                     (numberp el) (setq el (list 'int-to-string el))))
              (setq flist (cons (list 'gnus-format-max-width 
                                      el max-width) 
                                flist))
              (setq newspec ?s))
          (setq flist (cons (car elem) flist))
          (setq newspec (car (cdr elem))))
        ;; Remove the old specification (and possibly a ",12" string).
        (delete-region beg (match-end 2))
        ;; Insert the new specification.
        (goto-char beg)
        (insert newspec))
      (setq fstring (buffer-substring 1 (point-max))))
    (cons 'format (cons fstring (nreverse flist)))))

;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <edmonds@cs.ubc.ca>.
(defun gnus-read-init-file ()
  (and gnus-init-file
       (or (and (file-exists-p gnus-init-file) 
                ;; Don't try to load a directory.
                (not (file-directory-p gnus-init-file)))
           (file-exists-p (concat gnus-init-file ".el"))
           (file-exists-p (concat gnus-init-file ".elc")))
       (load gnus-init-file nil t)))

;; Article file names when saving.

(defun gnus-Numeric-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/News.group/num.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/num."
  (let ((default
          (expand-file-name
           (concat (if (gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-save)
                       (gnus-capitalize-newsgroup newsgroup)
                     (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup))
                   "/" (int-to-string (header-number headers)))
           (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))
    (if (and last-file
             (string-equal (file-name-directory default)
                           (file-name-directory last-file))
             (string-match "^[0-9]+$" (file-name-nondirectory last-file)))
        default
      (or last-file default))))

(defun gnus-numeric-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/news.group/num.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/num."
  (let ((default
          (expand-file-name
           (concat (if (gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-save)
                       newsgroup
                     (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup))
                   "/" (int-to-string (header-number headers)))
           (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))
    (if (and last-file
             (string-equal (file-name-directory default)
                           (file-name-directory last-file))
             (string-match "^[0-9]+$" (file-name-nondirectory last-file)))
        default
      (or last-file default))))

(defun gnus-Plain-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/News.group.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/news."
  (or last-file
      (expand-file-name
       (if (gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-save)
           (gnus-capitalize-newsgroup newsgroup)
         (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup) "/news"))
       (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))

(defun gnus-plain-save-name (newsgroup headers &optional last-file)
  "Generate file name from NEWSGROUP, HEADERS, and optional LAST-FILE.
If variable `gnus-use-long-file-name' is nil, it is ~/News/news.group.
Otherwise, it is like ~/News/news/group/news."
  (or last-file
      (expand-file-name
       (if (gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-save)
           newsgroup
         (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup) "/news"))
       (or gnus-article-save-directory "~/News"))))

;; For subscribing new newsgroup

(defun gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive (groups)
  (let ((groups (sort groups 'string<))
        prefixes prefix start rest ans group starts)
    (while groups
      (setq prefixes (list "^"))
      (while (and groups prefixes)
        (while (not (string-match (car prefixes) (car groups)))
          (setq prefixes (cdr prefixes)))
        (setq prefix (car prefixes))
        (setq start (1- (length prefix)))
        (if (and (string-match "[^\\.]\\." (car groups) start)
                 (cdr groups)
                 (setq prefix 
                       (concat "^" (substring (car groups) 0 (match-end 0))))
                 (string-match prefix (car (cdr groups))))
            (progn
              (setq prefixes (cons prefix prefixes))
              (message "Descend hierarchy %s? ([y]nsq): " 
                       (substring prefix 1 (1- (length prefix))))
              (setq ans (read-char))
              (cond ((= ans ?n)
                     (while (and groups 
                                 (string-match prefix 
                                               (setq group (car groups))))
                       (setq gnus-killed-list 
                             (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                       (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                       (setq groups (cdr groups)))
                     (setq starts (cdr starts)))
                    ((= ans ?s)
                     (while (and groups 
                                 (string-match prefix 
                                               (setq group (car groups))))
                       (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                       (gnus-subscribe-alphabetically (car groups))
                       (setq groups (cdr groups)))
                     (setq starts (cdr starts)))
                    ((= ans ?q)
                     (while groups
                       (setq group (car groups))
                       (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                       (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                       (setq groups (cdr groups))))
                    (t nil)))
          (message "Subscribe %s? ([n]yq)" (car groups))
          (setq ans (read-char))
          (setq group (car groups))
          (cond ((= ans ?y)
                 (gnus-subscribe-alphabetically (car groups))
                 (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb))
                ((= ans ?q)
                 (while groups
                   (setq group (car groups))
                   (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                   (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                   (setq groups (cdr groups))))
                (t 
                 (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))
                 (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)))
          (setq groups (cdr groups)))))))

(defun gnus-subscribe-randomly (newsgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP by making it the first newsgroup."
  (gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newsgroup))

(defun gnus-subscribe-alphabetically (newgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP and insert it in alphabetical order."
  ;; Basic ideas by mike-w@cs.aukuni.ac.nz (Mike Williams)
  (let ((groups (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        before)
    (while (and (not before) groups)
      (if (string< newgroup (car (car groups)))
          (setq before (car (car groups)))
        (setq groups (cdr groups))))
    (gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newgroup before)))

(defun gnus-subscribe-hierarchically (newgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP and insert it in hierarchical newsgroup order."
  ;; Basic ideas by mike-w@cs.aukuni.ac.nz (Mike Williams)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer (find-file-noselect gnus-current-startup-file))
    (let ((groupkey newgroup)
          before)
      (while (and (not before) groupkey)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (let ((groupkey-re
               (concat "^\\(" (regexp-quote groupkey) ".*\\)[!:]")))
          (while (and (re-search-forward groupkey-re nil t)
                      (progn
                        (setq before (buffer-substring
                                      (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
                        (string< before newgroup)))))
        ;; Remove tail of newsgroup name (eg. a.b.c -> a.b)
        (setq groupkey
              (if (string-match "^\\(.*\\)\\.[^.]+$" groupkey)
                  (substring groupkey (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
      (gnus-subscribe-newsgroup newgroup before))))

(defun gnus-subscribe-interactively (newsgroup)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP interactively.
It is inserted in hierarchical newsgroup order if subscribed. If not,
it is killed."
  (if (gnus-y-or-n-p (format "Subscribe new newsgroup: %s " newsgroup))
      (gnus-subscribe-hierarchically newsgroup)
    (setq gnus-killed-list (cons newsgroup gnus-killed-list))))

(defun gnus-subscribe-zombies (newsgroup)
  "Make new NEWSGROUP a zombie group."
  (setq gnus-zombie-list (cons newsgroup gnus-zombie-list)))

(defun gnus-subscribe-newsgroup (newsgroup &optional next)
  "Subscribe new NEWSGROUP.
If NEXT is non-nil, it is inserted before NEXT. Otherwise it is made
the first newsgroup."
  ;; We subscribe the group by changing its level to 3.
  (gnus-group-change-level 
   newsgroup 3 9 (gnus-gethash (or next "dummy.group") gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
  (message "Subscribe newsgroup: %s" newsgroup))

;; For directories

(defun gnus-newsgroup-directory-form (newsgroup)
  "Make hierarchical directory name from NEWSGROUP name."
  (let ((newsgroup (substring newsgroup 0)) ;Copy string.
        (len (length newsgroup))
        (idx 0))
    ;; Replace all occurrences of `.' with `/'.
    (while (< idx len)
      (if (= (aref newsgroup idx) ?.)
          (aset newsgroup idx ?/))
      (setq idx (1+ idx)))
    newsgroup
    ))

(defun gnus-make-directory (dir)
  "Make DIRECTORY recursively."
  (let* ((dir (expand-file-name dir default-directory))
         dirs)
    (if (string-match "/$" dir)
        (setq dir (substring dir 0 (match-beginning 0))))
    (while (not (file-exists-p dir))
      (setq dirs (cons dir dirs))
      (string-match "/[^/]+$" dir)
      (setq dir (substring dir 0 (match-beginning 0))))
    (while dirs
      (make-directory (car dirs))
      (setq dirs (cdr dirs)))))

(defun gnus-capitalize-newsgroup (newsgroup)
  "Capitalize NEWSGROUP name."
  (and (not (zerop (length newsgroup)))
       (concat (char-to-string (upcase (aref newsgroup 0)))
               (substring newsgroup 1))))

;; Var

(defun gnus-simplify-subject (subject &optional re-only)
  "Remove `Re:' and words in parentheses.
If optional argument RE-ONLY is non-nil, strip `Re:' only."
  (let ((case-fold-search t))           ;Ignore case.
    ;; Remove `Re:' and `Re^N:'.
    (if (string-match "^re:[ \t]*" subject)
        (setq subject (substring subject (match-end 0))))
    ;; Remove words in parentheses from end.
    (or re-only
        (while (string-match "[ \t\n]*([^()]*)[ \t\n]*\\'" subject)
          (setq subject (substring subject 0 (match-beginning 0)))))
    ;; Return subject string.
    subject))

(defun gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy (subject)
  (let ((case-fold-search t))
    (and (string-match "^re:[ \t]*" subject)
         (setq subject (substring subject (match-end 0))))
    (while (string-match "[ \t\n]*([^()]*)[ \t\n]*\\'" subject)
      (setq subject (substring subject 0 (match-beginning 0))))
    (let ((beg 0)
          (osubject ""))
      (while (string-match "[ \t]+" subject beg)
        (setq osubject
              (concat osubject (substring 
                                subject beg (match-beginning 0)) " ")
              beg (match-end 0)))
      (setq osubject (concat osubject (substring subject beg)))
      (and (string-match " \\'" osubject) 
           (setq osubject (substring osubject 0 (match-beginning 0))))
      osubject)))

(defun gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list ()
  (setq gnus-buffer-list (cons (current-buffer) gnus-buffer-list)))

(defun gnus-string> (s1 s2)
  (not (or (string< s1 s2)
           (string= s1 s2))))

;; Functions accessing headers.
;; Functions are more convenient than macros in some cases.

(defun gnus-header-number (header)
  "Return article number in HEADER."
  (header-number header))

(defun gnus-header-subject (header)
  "Return subject string in HEADER."
  (header-subject header))

(defun gnus-header-from (header)
  "Return author string in HEADER."
  (header-from header))

(defun gnus-header-xref (header)
  "Return xref string in HEADER."
  (header-xref header))

(defun gnus-header-lines (header)
  "Return lines in HEADER."
  (header-lines header))

(defun gnus-header-date (header)
  "Return date in HEADER."
  (header-date header))

(defun gnus-header-id (header)
  "Return Id in HEADER."
  (header-id header))

(defun gnus-header-references (header)
  "Return references in HEADER."
  (header-references header))

(defun gnus-clear-system ()
  "Clear all variables and buffers."
  ;; Clear Gnus variables.
  (let ((variables gnus-variable-list))
    (while variables
      (set (car variables) nil)
      (setq variables (cdr variables))))
  ;; Clear other internal variables.
  (setq gnus-list-of-killed-groups nil
        gnus-have-read-active-file nil
        gnus-newsrc-assoc nil
        gnus-newsrc-hashtb nil
        gnus-killed-list nil
        gnus-zombie-list nil
        gnus-killed-hashtb nil
        gnus-active-hashtb nil
        gnus-moderated-list nil
        gnus-description-hashtb nil
        gnus-newsgroup-headers nil
        gnus-score-cache nil
        gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number nil
        gnus-newsgroup-name nil
        gnus-internal-global-score-files nil
        gnus-current-select-method nil)
  ;; Kill the startup file.
  (and gnus-current-startup-file
       (get-file-buffer gnus-current-startup-file)
       (kill-buffer (get-file-buffer gnus-current-startup-file)))
  (gnus-dribble-clear)
  ;; Kill global KILL file buffer.
  (if (get-file-buffer (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file nil))
      (kill-buffer (get-file-buffer (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file nil))))
  ;; Kill Gnus buffers.
  (while gnus-buffer-list
    (if (and (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list))
             (buffer-name (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list))))
        (kill-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)))
    (setq gnus-buffer-list (cdr gnus-buffer-list))))

(defun gnus-configure-windows (action &optional force)
  "Configure Gnus windows according to the next ACTION.
The ACTION is either a symbol, such as `summary', or a
configuration list such as `(1 1 2)'.  If ACTION is not a list,
configuration list is got from the variable gnus-window-configuration.
If FORCE is non-nil, the updating will be done whether it is necessary
or not."
  (let* ((windows
          (if (listp action) action 
            (if (listp gnus-window-configuration)
                (car (cdr (assq action gnus-window-configuration)))
              gnus-window-configuration)))
         (grpwin (get-buffer-window gnus-group-buffer))
         (subwin (get-buffer-window gnus-summary-buffer))
         (artwin (get-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer))
         (winsum nil)
         (height nil)
         (grpheight 0)
         (subheight 0)
         (artheight 0)

         ;; Make split-window-vertically leave focus in upper window.
         (split-window-keep-point t))
    (if (and (symbolp windows) (fboundp windows))
        (funcall windows action)
      (if (and (not force)
               (or (null windows)               ;No configuration is specified.
                   (and (eq (null grpwin)
                            (zerop (nth 0 windows)))
                        (eq (null subwin)
                            (zerop (nth 1 windows)))
                        (eq (null artwin)
                            (zerop (nth 2 windows))))))
          ;; No need to change window configuration.
          nil
        (select-window (or grpwin subwin artwin (selected-window)))
        ;; First of all, compute the height of each window.
        (cond (gnus-use-full-window
               ;; Take up the entire screen.
               (delete-other-windows)
               (setq height (window-height (selected-window))))
              (t
               (setq height (+ (if grpwin (window-height grpwin) 0)
                               (if subwin (window-height subwin) 0)
                               (if artwin (window-height artwin) 0)))))
        ;; The group buffer exits always. So, use it to extend the
        ;; group window so as to get enough window space.
        (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer 'norecord)
        (and (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
             (delete-windows-on gnus-summary-buffer))
        (and (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
             (delete-windows-on gnus-article-buffer))
        ;; Compute expected window height.
        (setq winsum (apply (function +) windows))
        (if (not (zerop (nth 0 windows)))
            (setq grpheight (max window-min-height
                                 (/ (* height (nth 0 windows)) winsum))))
        (if (not (zerop (nth 1 windows)))
            (setq subheight (max window-min-height
                                 (/ (* height (nth 1 windows)) winsum))))
        (if (not (zerop (nth 2 windows)))
            (setq artheight (max window-min-height
                                 (/ (* height (nth 2 windows)) winsum))))
        (setq height (+ grpheight subheight artheight))
        (enlarge-window (max 0 (- height (window-height (selected-window)))))
        ;; Then split the window.
        (and (not (zerop artheight))
             (or (not (zerop grpheight))
                 (not (zerop subheight)))
             (split-window-vertically (+ grpheight subheight)))
        (and (not (zerop grpheight))
             (not (zerop subheight))
             (split-window-vertically grpheight))
        ;; Then select buffers in each window.
        (or (zerop grpheight)
            (progn
              (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer 'norecord)
              (other-window 1)))
        (or (zerop subheight)
            (progn
              (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer 'norecord)
              (other-window 1)))
        (or (zerop artheight)
            (progn
              ;; If article buffer does not exist, it will be created
              ;; and initialized.
              (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
              (switch-to-buffer gnus-article-buffer 'norecord)
              (setq buffer-read-only t) ; !!! Why!?! 
              (bury-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
              (bury-buffer gnus-group-buffer)))
        (or (zerop subheight)
            (progn
              (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
              ;; It seems that some code in this function will set
              ;; buffer-read-only to nil. I have absolutely no idea
              ;; why. 
              (setq buffer-read-only t))))))) ; !!! Why!?! 

(defun gnus-window-configuration-split (action)
  (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer t)
  (delete-other-windows)
  (split-window-horizontally)
  (cond ((or (eq action 'newsgoups) (eq action 'summary))
         (if (and (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                  (buffer-name gnus-summary-buffer))
             (switch-to-buffer-other-window gnus-summary-buffer)))
        ((eq action 'article)
         (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer t)
         (other-window 1)
         (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
         (switch-to-buffer gnus-article-buffer t))))

(defun gnus-version ()
  "Version numbers of this version of Gnus."
  (interactive)
  (let ((methods gnus-valid-select-methods)
        (mess gnus-version)
        meth)
    ;; Go through all the legal select methods and add their version
    ;; numbers to the total version string. Only the backends that are
    ;; currently in use will have their message numbers taken into
    ;; consideration. 
    (while methods
      (setq meth (intern (concat (car (car methods)) "-version")))
      (and (boundp meth)
           (stringp (symbol-value meth))
           (setq mess (concat mess "; " (symbol-value meth))))
      (setq methods (cdr methods)))
    (message mess)))

(defun gnus-info-find-node ()
  "Find Info documentation of Gnus."
  (interactive)
  ;; Enlarge info window if needed.
  (cond ((eq major-mode 'gnus-group-mode)
         (gnus-configure-windows '(1 0 0)) ;Take all windows.
         (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
        ((eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
         (gnus-configure-windows '(0 1 0)) ;Take all windows.
         (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)))
  (Info-goto-node (car (cdr (assq major-mode gnus-info-nodes)))))

(defun gnus-bug ()
  "Send a bug report to the Gnus maintainers."
  (interactive)
  (pop-to-buffer "*Gnus Bug*")
  (erase-buffer)
  (mail-setup gnus-maintainer "[Gnus Bug Report] " nil nil nil nil)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (re-search-forward (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))
  (forward-line 1)
  (insert (format "%s\n%s\n\n" (gnus-version) (emacs-version)))
  (gnus-debug)
  (mail-mode)
  (message ""))

(defun gnus-debug ()
  "Attemps to go through the Gnus source file and report what variables have been changed.
The source file has to be in the Emacs load path."
  (interactive)
  (let ((dirs load-path)
        file expr olist)
    (while dirs
      (if (file-exists-p (setq file (concat (car dirs) "/gnus.el")))
          (save-excursion
            (setq dirs nil)
            (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*gnus bug info*"))
            (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
            (erase-buffer)
            (insert-file-contents file)
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (or (search-forward "\n;; Internal variables" nil t)
                (error "Malformed sources"))
            (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (while (setq expr (condition-case () 
                                  (read (current-buffer)) (error nil)))
              (and (eq (car expr) 'defvar)
                   (stringp (nth 3 expr))
                   (not (equal (eval (nth 2 expr))
                               (and (boundp (nth 1 expr))
                                    (symbol-value (nth 1 expr)))))
                   (setq olist (cons (nth 1 expr) olist))))
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
        (setq dirs (cdr dirs))))
    (while olist
      (insert "(setq " (symbol-name (car olist)) " '" 
              (prin1-to-string (symbol-value (car olist))) ")\n")
      (setq olist (cdr olist)))
    (insert "\n\n")))

(defun gnus-overload-functions (&optional overloads)
  "Overload functions specified by optional argument OVERLOADS.
If nothing is specified, use the variable gnus-overload-functions."
  (let ((defs nil)
        (overloads (or overloads gnus-overload-functions)))
    (while overloads
      (setq defs (car overloads))
      (setq overloads (cdr overloads))
      ;; Load file before overloading function if necessary.  Make
      ;; sure we cannot use `require' always.
      (and (not (fboundp (car defs)))
           (car (cdr (cdr defs)))
           (load (car (cdr (cdr defs))) nil 'nomessage))
      (fset (car defs) (car (cdr defs))))))

(defun gnus-replace-chars-in-string (string from to)
  "Replace characters in STRING from FROM to TO."
  (let ((string (substring string 0))   ;Copy string.
        (len (length string))
        (idx 0))
    ;; Replace all occurrences of FROM with TO.
    (while (< idx len)
      (if (= (aref string idx) from)
          (aset string idx to))
      (setq idx (1+ idx)))
    string))

(defun gnus-days-between (date1 date2)
  ;; Return the number of days between date1 and date2.
  (let ((d1 (mapcar (lambda (s) (and s (string-to-int s)) )
                    (timezone-parse-date date1)))
        (d2 (mapcar (lambda (s) (and s (string-to-int s)) )
                    (timezone-parse-date date2))))
    (- (timezone-absolute-from-gregorian 
        (nth 1 d1) (nth 2 d1) (car d1))
       (timezone-absolute-from-gregorian 
        (nth 1 d2) (nth 2 d2) (car d2)))))

(defun gnus-day-number (date)
  (let ((dat (mapcar (lambda (s) (and s (string-to-int s)) )
                     (timezone-parse-date date))))
    (timezone-absolute-from-gregorian 
     (nth 1 dat) (nth 2 dat) (car dat))))

(defun gnus-file-newer-than (file date)
  (let ((fdate (nth 5 (file-attributes file))))
    (or (> (car fdate) (car date))
        (and (= (car fdate) (car date))
             (> (nth 1 fdate) (nth 1 date))))))

;; Two silly functions to ensure that all `y-or-n-p' questions clear
;; the echo area.
(defun gnus-y-or-n-p (prompt)
  (prog1
      (y-or-n-p prompt)
    (message "")))

(defun gnus-yes-or-no-p (prompt)
  (prog1
      (yes-or-no-p prompt)
    (message "")))

;; Return a string of length POS+1 representing NUMber in BASE. The
;; resulting string will be left padded with zeds.
(defun gnus-number-base-x (num pos base)
  (if (< pos 0)
      ""
    (concat 
     (char-to-string
      (aref "zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210" (/ num (expt base pos))))
     (gnus-number-base-x 
      (% num (expt base pos)) (1- pos) base))))

;; Check whether to use long file names.
(defun gnus-use-long-file-name (symbol)
  (and gnus-use-long-file-name
       (or (not (listp gnus-use-long-file-name))
           (not (memq 'symbol gnus-use-long-file-name)))))

;; List and range functions

(defun gnus-last-element (list)
  "Return last element of LIST."
  (while (cdr list)
    (setq list (cdr list)))
  (car list))

(defun gnus-copy-sequence (list)
  "Do a complete, total copy of a list."
  (mapcar (lambda (elem) (if (consp elem) 
                             (if (consp (cdr elem))
                                 (gnus-copy-sequence elem)
                               (cons (car elem) (cdr elem)))
                           elem))
          list))

(defun gnus-set-difference (list1 list2)
  "Return a list of elements of LIST1 that do not appear in LIST2."
  (let ((list1 (copy-sequence list1)))
    (while list2
      (setq list1 (delq (car list2) list1))
      (setq list2 (cdr list2)))
    list1))

(defun gnus-sorted-complement (list1 list2)
  "Return a list of elements of LIST1 that do not appear in LIST2.
Both lists have to be sorted over <."
  (let (out)
    (while (and list1 list2)
      (cond ((= (car list1) (car list2))
             (setq list1 (cdr list1)
                   list2 (cdr list2)))
            ((< (car list1) (car list2))
             (setq out (cons (car list1) out))
             (setq list1 (cdr list1)))
            (t
             (setq out (cons (car list2) out))
             (setq list2 (cdr list2)))))
    (nreverse (append (or list1 list2) out))))

(defun gnus-intersection (list1 list2)      
  (let ((result nil))
    (while list2
      (if (memq (car list2) list1)
          (setq result (cons (car list2) result)))
      (setq list2 (cdr list2)))
    result))

(defun gnus-sorted-intersection (list1 list2)
  ;; LIST1 and LIST2 have to be sorted over <.
  (let (out)
    (while (and list1 list2)
      (cond ((= (car list1) (car list2))
             (setq out (cons (car list1) out)
                   list1 (cdr list1)
                   list2 (cdr list2)))
            ((< (car list1) (car list2))
             (setq list1 (cdr list1)))
            (t
             (setq list2 (cdr list2)))))
    (nreverse out)))

(defun gnus-set-sorted-intersection (list1 list2)
  ;; LIST1 and LIST2 have to be sorted over <.
  ;; This function modifies LIST1.
  (let* ((top (cons nil list1))
         (prev top))
  (while (and list1 list2)
    (cond ((= (car list1) (car list2))
           (setq prev list1
                 list1 (cdr list1)
                 list2 (cdr list2)))
          ((< (car list1) (car list2))
           (setcdr prev (cdr list1))
           (setq list1 (cdr list1)))
          (t
           (setq list2 (cdr list2)))))
  (setcdr prev nil)
  (cdr top)))

(defun gnus-compress-sequence (numbers &optional always-list)
  "Convert list of numbers to a list of ranges or a single range.
If ALWAYS-LIST is non-nil, this function will always release a list of
ranges."
  (let* ((first (car numbers))
         (last (car numbers))
         result)
    (if (null numbers)
        nil
      (if (not (listp (cdr numbers)))
          numbers
        (while numbers
          (cond ((= last (car numbers)) nil) ;Omit duplicated number
                ((= (1+ last) (car numbers)) ;Still in sequence
                 (setq last (car numbers)))
                (t                      ;End of one sequence
                 (setq result 
                       (cons (if (= first last) first (cons first last)) result))
                 (setq first (car numbers))
                 (setq last  (car numbers))))
          (setq numbers (cdr numbers)))
        (if (and (not always-list) (null result))
            (if (= first last) first (cons first last))
          (nreverse (cons (if (= first last) first (cons first last))
                          result)))))))

(defalias 'gnus-uncompress-sequence 'gnus-uncompress-range)
(defun gnus-uncompress-range (ranges)
  "Expand a list of ranges into a list of numbers.
RANGES is either a single range on the form `(num . num)' or a list of
these ranges."
  (let (first last result)
    (cond 
     ((null ranges)
      nil)
     ((not (listp (cdr ranges)))
      (setq first (car ranges))
      (setq last (cdr ranges))
      (while (<= first last)
        (setq result (cons first result))
        (setq first (1+ first)))
      (nreverse result))
     (t
      (while ranges
        (if (atom (car ranges))
            (if (numberp (car ranges))
                (setq result (cons (car ranges) result)))
          (setq first (car (car ranges)))
          (setq last  (cdr (car ranges)))
          (while (<= first last)
            (setq result (cons first result))
            (setq first (1+ first))))
        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
      (nreverse result)))))

(defun gnus-add-to-range (ranges list)
  "Return a list of ranges that has all articles from both RANGES and LIST.
Note: LIST has to be sorted over `<'."
  (if (not ranges)
      (gnus-compress-sequence list t)
    (setq list (copy-sequence list))
    (or (listp (cdr ranges))
        (setq ranges (list ranges)))
    (let ((out ranges)
          ilist lowest highest temp)
      (while (and ranges list)
        (setq ilist list)
        (setq lowest (or (and (atom (car ranges)) (car ranges))
                         (car (car ranges))))
        (while (and list (cdr list) (< (car (cdr list)) lowest))
          (setq list (cdr list)))
        (if (< (car ilist) lowest)
            (progn
              (setq temp list)
              (setq list (cdr list))
              (setcdr temp nil)
              (setq out (nconc (gnus-compress-sequence ilist t) out))))
        (setq highest (or (and (atom (car ranges)) (car ranges))
                          (cdr (car ranges))))
        (while (and list (<= (car list) highest))
          (setq list (cdr list)))
        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
      (if list
          (setq out (nconc (gnus-compress-sequence list t) out)))
      (setq out (sort out (lambda (r1 r2) 
                            (< (or (and (atom r1) r1) (car r1))
                               (or (and (atom r2) r2) (car r2))))))
      (setq ranges out)
      (while ranges
        (if (atom (car ranges))
            (if (cdr ranges)
                (if (atom (car (cdr ranges)))
                    (if (= (1+ (car ranges)) (car (cdr ranges)))
                        (progn
                          (setcar ranges (cons (car ranges) 
                                               (car (cdr ranges))))
                          (setcdr ranges (cdr (cdr ranges)))))
                  (if (= (1+ (car ranges)) (car (car (cdr ranges))))
                      (progn
                        (setcar (car (cdr ranges)) (car ranges))
                        (setcar ranges (car (cdr ranges)))
                        (setcdr ranges (cdr (cdr ranges)))))))
          (if (cdr ranges)
              (if (atom (car (cdr ranges)))
                  (if (= (1+ (cdr (car ranges))) (car (cdr ranges)))
                      (progn
                        (setcdr (car ranges) (car (cdr ranges)))
                        (setcdr ranges (cdr (cdr ranges)))))
                (if (= (1+ (cdr (car ranges))) (car (car (cdr ranges))))
                    (progn
                      (setcdr (car ranges) (cdr (car (cdr ranges))))
                      (setcdr ranges (cdr (cdr ranges))))))))
        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
      out)))

(defun gnus-add-to-range-new (ranges list)
  (gnus-compress-sequence 
   (sort (nconc (gnus-uncompress-range ranges) list) '<)))     

(defun gnus-add-to-range-old (ranges list)
  "Return a list of ranges that has all articles from both RANGES and LIST.
Note: LIST has to be sorted over `<'."
  (let* ((ranges (if (and ranges (not (listp (cdr ranges))))
                     (list ranges) ranges))
         (inrange ranges)
         did-one
         range nranges first last)
    (if (not list)
        ranges
      (if (not ranges)
          (gnus-compress-sequence list t)
        (and ranges 
             (> (car (car ranges)) 1)
             (progn
               (setq did-one t)
               (setq inrange (setq ranges (cons (cons 1 1) ranges)))))
        (while (and ranges list)
          (setq range (car ranges))
          (while (and list (>= (car list) (car range))
                      (<= (car list) (cdr range)))
            (setq list (cdr list)))
          (while (and list (= (1- (car list)) (cdr range)))
            (setcdr range (car list))
            (setq list (cdr list)))
          (if (and list (and (> (car list) (cdr range)) 
                             (cdr ranges)
                             (< (car list) (car (car (cdr ranges))))))
              (setcdr ranges (cons (cons (car list) (car list)) (cdr ranges))))
          (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
        (if (and list (not ranges))
            (setq inrange (nconc inrange (gnus-compress-sequence list t))))
        (if did-one
            (if (eq (cdr (car inrange)) 1)
                (setq inrange (cdr inrange))
              (setcar (car inrange) 2)))
        (setq ranges inrange)
        (while ranges
          (if (and (cdr ranges) (>= (1+ (cdr (car ranges)))
                                    (car (car (cdr ranges)))))
              (progn
                (setcdr (car ranges) (cdr (car (cdr ranges))))
                (setcdr ranges (cdr (cdr ranges))))
            (setq ranges (cdr ranges))))
        (if (not (cdr inrange))
            (car inrange)
          inrange)))))

(defun gnus-remove-from-range (ranges list)
  "Return a list of ranges that has all articles from LIST removed from RANGES.
Note: LIST has to be sorted over `<'."
  ;; !!! This function shouldn't look like this, but I've got a headache.
  (gnus-compress-sequence 
   (gnus-sorted-complement
    (gnus-uncompress-range ranges) list)))

(defun gnus-member-of-range (number ranges)
  (if (not (listp (cdr ranges)))
      (and (>= number (car ranges)) 
           (<= number (cdr ranges)))
    (let ((not-stop t))
      (while (and ranges 
                  (if (numberp (car ranges))
                      (>= number (car ranges))
                    (>= number (car (car ranges))))
                  not-stop)
        (if (if (numberp (car ranges))
                (= number (car ranges))
              (and (>= number (car (car ranges)))
                   (<= number (cdr (car ranges)))))
            (setq not-stop nil))
        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
      (not not-stop))))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus group mode
;;;

(defvar gnus-group-mode-map nil)
(defvar gnus-group-make-map nil)
(defvar gnus-group-list-map nil)
(defvar gnus-group-sub-map nil)
(put 'gnus-group-mode 'mode-class 'special)

(if gnus-group-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-group-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-group-mode-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map " " 'gnus-group-read-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "=" 'gnus-group-select-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\r" 'gnus-group-select-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "j" 'gnus-group-jump-to-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "n" 'gnus-group-next-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "p" 'gnus-group-prev-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\177" 'gnus-group-prev-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "N" 'gnus-group-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "P" 'gnus-group-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-n" 'gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-p" 'gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "," 'gnus-group-best-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "." 'gnus-group-first-unread-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "u" 'gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "U" 'gnus-group-unsubscribe-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "c" 'gnus-group-catchup-current)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "C" 'gnus-group-catchup-current-all)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "l" 'gnus-group-list-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "L" 'gnus-group-list-all-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "m" 'gnus-group-mail)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "g" 'gnus-group-get-new-news)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-g" 'gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "R" 'gnus-group-restart)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "r" 'gnus-group-read-init-file)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "B" 'gnus-group-browse-foreign-server)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "b" 'gnus-group-check-bogus-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "F" 'gnus-find-new-newsgroups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-d" 'gnus-group-describe-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-d" 'gnus-group-describe-all-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-a" 'gnus-group-apropos)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\M-C-a" 'gnus-group-description-apropos)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "a" 'gnus-group-post-news)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\ek" 'gnus-group-edit-local-kill)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\eK" 'gnus-group-edit-global-kill)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-k" 'gnus-group-kill-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-y" 'gnus-group-yank-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-w" 'gnus-group-kill-region)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-x\C-t" 'gnus-group-transpose-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-l" 'gnus-group-list-killed)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-x" 'gnus-group-expire-articles)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\M-\C-x" 'gnus-group-expire-all-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "V" 'gnus-version)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "s" 'gnus-group-save-newsrc)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "z" 'gnus-group-suspend)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "Z" 'gnus-group-clear-dribble)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "q" 'gnus-group-exit)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "Q" 'gnus-group-quit)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-f" 'gnus-group-fetch-faq)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "?" 'gnus-group-describe-briefly)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "\M-e" 'gnus-group-edit-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map
    (if gnus-xemacs [button2] [mouse-2]) 'gnus-mouse-pick-group)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-group-make-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "M" 'gnus-group-make-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-make-map "d" 'gnus-group-make-directory-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-make-map "h" 'gnus-group-make-help-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-make-map "a" 'gnus-group-make-archive-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-make-map "k" 'gnus-group-make-kiboze-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-make-map "m" 'gnus-group-make-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-make-map "e" 'gnus-group-edit-group)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-group-list-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "G" 'gnus-group-list-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "k" 'gnus-group-list-killed)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "z" 'gnus-group-list-zombies)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "s" 'gnus-group-list-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "u" 'gnus-group-list-all-groups)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "a" 'gnus-group-apropos)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "d" 'gnus-group-description-apropos)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "m" 'gnus-group-list-matching)
  (define-key gnus-group-list-map "M" 'gnus-group-list-all-matching)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-group-sub-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-mode-map "S" 'gnus-group-sub-map)
  (define-key gnus-group-sub-map "l" 'gnus-group-set-current-level)
  (define-key gnus-group-sub-map "t" 'gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-sub-map "s" 'gnus-group-unsubscribe-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-sub-map "k" 'gnus-group-kill-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-sub-map "y" 'gnus-group-yank-group)
  (define-key gnus-group-sub-map "w" 'gnus-group-kill-region)
  (define-key gnus-group-sub-map "z" 'gnus-group-kill-all-zombies))

(defun gnus-group-mode ()
  "Major mode for reading news.

All normal editing commands are switched off.
\\<gnus-group-mode-map>
The group buffer lists (some of) the groups available.  For instance,
`\\[gnus-group-list-groups]' will list all subscribed groups with unread articles, while `\\[gnus-group-list-zombies]'
lists all zombie groups. 

Groups that are displayed can be entered with `\\[gnus-group-read-group]'.  To subscribe 
to a group not displayed, type `\\[gnus-group-unsubscribe-group]'. 

For more in-depth information on this mode, read the manual (`\\[gnus-info-find-node]'). 

The following commands are available:

\\{gnus-group-mode-map}"
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-visual (gnus-group-make-menu-bar))
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (setq mode-line-modified "-- ")
  (make-local-variable 'mode-line-format)
  (setq mode-line-format (copy-sequence mode-line-format))
  (and (equal (nth 3 mode-line-format) "   ")
       (setcar (nthcdr 3 mode-line-format) ""))
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-group-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Group")
  (gnus-group-set-mode-line)
  (setq mode-line-process nil)
  (use-local-map gnus-group-mode-map)
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq truncate-lines t)
  (setq buffer-read-only t)
  (run-hooks 'gnus-group-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-mouse-pick-group (e)
  (interactive "e")
  (mouse-set-point e)
  (gnus-group-read-group nil))

;;;###autoload
(defun gnus-no-server (&optional arg)
  "Read network news.
If ARG is a positive number, Gnus will use that as the
startup level. If ARG is nil, Gnus will be started at level 2. 
If ARG is non-nil and not a positive number, Gnus will
prompt the user for the name of an NNTP server to use.
As opposed to `gnus', this command will not connect to the local server."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus (or arg 2) t))

(defalias '\(ding\) 'gnus)

;;;###autoload
(defun gnus (&optional arg dont-connect)
  "Read network news.
If ARG is non-nil and a positive number, Gnus will use that as the
startup level. If ARG is non-nil and not a positive number, Gnus will
prompt the user for the name of an NNTP server to use."
  (interactive "P")
  (if (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (progn
        (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
        (gnus-group-get-new-news))
    (gnus-clear-system)
    (gnus-read-init-file)
    (let ((level (and arg (numberp arg) (> arg 0) arg))
          did-connect)
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (switch-to-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-buffer))
            (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
            (gnus-group-mode)
            (or dont-connect 
                (setq did-connect
                      (gnus-start-news-server (and arg (not level))))))
        (if (and (not dont-connect) 
                 (not did-connect))
            (gnus-group-quit)
          (run-hooks 'gnus-startup-hook)
          ;; NNTP server is successfully open. 
          (gnus-update-format-specifications)
          (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
            (erase-buffer)
            (if (not gnus-inhibit-startup-message)
                (progn
                  (gnus-group-startup-message)
                  (sit-for 0))))
          (gnus-setup-news nil level)
          (and gnus-use-dribble-file (gnus-dribble-open))
          (or t (not gnus-novice-user)
              gnus-expert-user
              (gnus-group-describe-briefly)) ;Show brief help message.
          (gnus-group-list-groups level))))))

(defun gnus-group-startup-message (&optional x y)
  "Insert startup message in current buffer."
  ;; Insert the message.
  (erase-buffer)
  (insert
   (format "
    %s
           A newsreader 
      for GNU Emacs

        Based on GNUS 
             written by 
     Masanobu UMEDA

    Lars Magne 
         Ingebrigtsen 
      larsi@ifi.uio.no
" 
           gnus-version))
  ;; And then hack it.
  ;; 18 is the longest line.
  (indent-rigidly (point-min) (point-max) 
                  (/ (max (- (window-width) (or x 28)) 0) 2))
  (goto-char (point-min))
  ;; +4 is fuzzy factor.
  (insert-char ?\n (/ (max (- (window-height) (or y 12)) 0) 2)))

(defun gnus-group-setup-buffer ()
  (or (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (progn
        (switch-to-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-buffer))
        (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
        (gnus-group-mode))))

(defun gnus-group-list-groups (level &optional unread)
  "List newsgroups with level LEVEL or lower that have unread alticles.
Default is 5, which lists all subscribed groups.
If argument UNREAD is non-nil, groups with no unread articles are also listed."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq level (or level gnus-group-default-list-level 5))
  (gnus-group-setup-buffer)     ;May call from out of group buffer
  (let ((case-fold-search nil)
        (group (gnus-group-group-name)))
    (funcall gnus-group-prepare-function level unread nil)
    (if (zerop (buffer-size))
        (message gnus-no-groups-message)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (if (not group)
          ;; Go to the first group with unread articles.
          (gnus-group-search-forward nil nil nil t)
        ;; Find the right group to put point on. If the current group
        ;; has disapeared in the new listing, try to find the next
        ;; one. If no next one can be found, just leave point at the
        ;; first newsgroup in the buffer.
        (if (not (gnus-goto-char
                  (text-property-any (point-min) (point-max) 
                                     'gnus-group (intern group))))
            (let ((newsrc (nthcdr 3 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
              (while (and newsrc
                          (not (gnus-goto-char 
                                (text-property-any 
                                 (point-min) (point-max) 'gnus-group 
                                 (intern group)))))
                (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc))))))
      ;; Adjust cursor point.
      (gnus-group-position-cursor))))

(defun gnus-group-prepare-flat (level &optional all lowest regexp) 
  "List all newsgroups with unread articles of level LEVEL or lower.
If ALL is non-nil, list groups that have no unread articles.
If LOWEST is non-nil, list all newsgroups of level LOWEST or higher.
If REGEXP, only list groups matching REGEXP."
  (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        (newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        (lowest (or lowest 1))
        info clevel unread group)
    (erase-buffer)
    (if (< lowest 8)
        ;; List living groups.
        (while newsrc
          (setq info (car newsrc)
                group (car info)
                newsrc (cdr newsrc)
                unread (car (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
          (and unread ; This group might be bogus
               (or (not regexp)
                   (string-match regexp group))
               (<= (setq clevel (car (cdr info))) level) 
               (>= clevel lowest)
               (or all            ; We list all groups?
                   (eq unread t)  ; We list unactivated groups
                   (> unread 0)   ; We list groups with unread articles
                   (cdr (assq 'tick (nth 3 info)))) ; And groups with tickeds
               (gnus-group-insert-group-line 
                nil group (car (cdr info)) (nth 3 info) unread (nth 4 info)))))

    ;; List dead groups.
    (and (>= level 8) (<= lowest 8)
         (gnus-group-prepare-flat-list-dead 
          (setq gnus-zombie-list (sort gnus-zombie-list 'string<)) 8 ?Z
          regexp))
    (and (>= level 9) (<= lowest 9)
         (gnus-group-prepare-flat-list-dead 
          (setq gnus-killed-list (sort gnus-killed-list 'string<)) 9 ?K
          regexp))

    (gnus-group-set-mode-line)
    (setq gnus-have-all-newsgroups all)
    (run-hooks 'gnus-group-prepare-hook)))

(defun gnus-group-prepare-flat-list-dead (groups level mark regexp)
  ;; List zombies and killed lists somehwat faster, which was
  ;; suggested by Jack Vinson <vinson@unagi.cis.upenn.edu>. It does
  ;; this by ignoring the group format specification altogether.
  (let (group beg)
    (while groups
      (setq group (car groups)
            groups (cdr groups))
      (if (or (not regexp)
              (string-match regexp group))
          (progn
            (setq beg (point))
            (insert (format " %c    *: %s\n" mark group))
            (add-text-properties 
             beg (1+ beg) 
             (list 'gnus-group (intern group)
                   'gnus-unread t
                   'gnus-level level)))))))

(defun gnus-group-real-name (group)
  "Find the real name of a foreign newsgroup."
  (if (string-match "^[^:]+:" group)
      (substring group (match-end 0))
    group))

(defun gnus-group-prefixed-name (group method)
  "Return the whole name from GROUP and METHOD."
  (concat (format "%s" (car method))
          (if (assoc (format "%s" (car method)) (gnus-methods-using 'address))
              (concat "+" (nth 1 method)))
          ":" group))

(defun gnus-group-real-prefix (group)
  "Return the prefix of the current group name."
  (if (string-match "^[^:]+:" group)
      (substring group 0 (match-end 0))
    ""))

(defun gnus-group-method-name (group)
  "Return the method used for selecting GROUP."
  (let ((prefix (gnus-group-real-prefix group)))
    (if (equal prefix "")
        gnus-select-method
      (if (string-match "^[^\\+]+\\+" prefix)
          (list (intern (substring prefix 0 (1- (match-end 0))))
                (substring prefix (match-end 0) (1- (length prefix))))
        (list (intern (substring prefix 0 (1- (length prefix)))) "")))))

(defun gnus-group-foreign-p (group)
  "Return nil if GROUP is native, non-nil if it is foreign."
  (string-match ":" group))

(defun gnus-group-set-info (info)
  (let ((entry (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
    (let (marked)
      (if (not (setq marked (nth 3 info)))
          ()
        (while marked
          (or (eq 'score (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'bookmark (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'killed (car (car marked)))
              (setcdr (car marked) 
                      (gnus-uncompress-range (cdr (car marked)))))
          (setq marked (cdr marked)))))
    (if entry
        ()
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
        (if (nth 4 info)
            (gnus-group-make-group 
             (gnus-group-real-name (car info))
             (prin1-to-string (car (nth 4 info)))
             (nth 1 (nth 4 info)))
          (gnus-group-make-group
           (car info)
           (prin1-to-string (car gnus-select-method))
           (nth 1 gnus-select-method)))
        (message "Note: New group created")
        (setq entry 
              (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-prefixed-name 
                             (gnus-group-real-name (car info))
                             (or (nth 4 info) gnus-select-method))
                            gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
    (if entry
        (progn
          (setcar (nthcdr 2 entry) info)
          (if (and (not (eq (car entry) t)) 
                   (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-active-hashtb))
              (let ((marked (nth 3 info)))
                (setcar entry 
                        (max 0 (- (length (gnus-list-of-unread-articles 
                                           (car info)))
                                  (length (cdr (assq 'tick marked)))
                                  (length (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))))))))
      (error "No such group: %s" (car info)))))

(defun gnus-group-update-group-line ()
  "This function updates the current line in the newsgroup buffer and
moves the point to the colon."
  (let* ((buffer-read-only nil)
         (group (gnus-group-group-name))
         (entry (and group (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
    (if entry
        (gnus-dribble-enter 
         (concat "(gnus-group-set-info '" (prin1-to-string (nth 2 entry))
                 ")")))
    (beginning-of-line)
    (delete-region (point) (save-excursion (forward-line 1) (point)))
    (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info group)
    (forward-line -1)
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-group-insert-group-line-info (group)
  (let ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)) 
        active info)
    (if entry
        (progn
          (setq info (nth 2 entry))
          (gnus-group-insert-group-line 
           nil group (nth 1 info) (nth 3 info) (car entry) (nth 4 info)))
      (setq active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
      (gnus-group-insert-group-line 
       nil group (if (member group gnus-zombie-list) 8 9)
       nil (if active (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active)) 0) nil))))

(defun gnus-group-insert-group-line (gformat group level marked number method)
  (let* ((gformat (or gformat gnus-group-line-format-spec))
         (active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
         (number-total (if active (1+ (- (cdr active) (car active))) 0))
         (number-of-dormant (length (cdr (assq 'dormant marked))))
         (number-of-ticked (length (cdr (assq 'tick marked))))
         (number-of-ticked-and-dormant
          (+ number-of-ticked number-of-dormant))
         (number-of-unread-unticked 
          (if (numberp number) (int-to-string (max 0 number))
            "*"))
         (number-of-read
          (if (numberp number)
              (max 0 (- number-total number))
            "*"))
         (subscribed (cond ((< level 6) ? )
                           ((< level 8) ?U)
                           ((= level 8) ?Z)
                           (t ?K)))
         (qualified-group (gnus-group-real-name group))
         (newsgroup-description 
          (if gnus-description-hashtb
              (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-description-hashtb) "")
            ""))
         (moderated (if (member group gnus-moderated-list) ?m ? ))
         (moderated-string (if (eq moderated ?m) "(m)" ""))
         (news-server (or (car (cdr method)) ""))
         (news-method (or (car method) ""))
         (news-method-string 
          (if method (format "(%s:%s)" (car method) (car (cdr method))) ""))
         (marked (if (and 
                      (numberp number) 
                      (zerop number)
                      (> number-of-ticked 0))
                     ?* ? ))
         (number (if (eq number t) "*" (+ number number-of-dormant 
                                          number-of-ticked)))
         (buffer-read-only nil)
         b)
    (beginning-of-line)
    (setq b (point))
    ;; Insert the text.
    (insert (eval gformat))

    (add-text-properties 
     b (1+ b) (list 'gnus-group (intern group)
                    'gnus-unread (if (numberp number)
                                     (string-to-int number-of-unread-unticked)
                                   t)
                    'gnus-marked marked
                    'gnus-level level))))

(defun gnus-group-update-group (group &optional visible-only)
  "Update newsgroup info of GROUP.
If VISIBLE-ONLY is non-nil, the group won't be displayed if it isn't already."
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
          visible)
      (let ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
        (if entry
            (gnus-dribble-enter 
             (concat "(gnus-group-set-info '" (prin1-to-string (nth 2 entry))
                     ")"))))
      ;; Buffer may be narrowed.
      (save-restriction
        (widen)
        ;; Search a line to modify.  If the buffer is large, the search
        ;; takes long time.  In most cases, current point is on the line
        ;; we are looking for.  So, first of all, check current line. 
        (if (or (progn
                  (beginning-of-line)
                  (eq (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-group)
                      (intern group)))
                (progn
                  (gnus-goto-char 
                   (text-property-any 
                    (point-min) (point-max) 'gnus-group (intern group)))))
            ;; GROUP is listed in current buffer. So, delete old line.
            (progn
              (setq visible t)
              (beginning-of-line)
              (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
          ;; No such line in the buffer, find out where it's supposed to
          ;; go, and insert it there (or at the end of the buffer).
          ;; Fix by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
          (or visible-only
              (let ((entry (cdr (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
                (while (and entry
                            (not
                             (gnus-goto-char
                              (text-property-any
                               (point-min) (point-max) 
                               'gnus-group (intern (car (car entry)))))))
                  (setq entry (cdr entry)))
                (or entry (goto-char (point-max)))))))
      (if (or visible (not visible-only))
          (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info group))
      (gnus-group-set-mode-line))))

(defun gnus-group-set-mode-line ()
  (if (memq 'group gnus-updated-mode-lines)
      (let* ((gformat (or gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec
                          (setq gnus-group-mode-line-format-spec
                                (gnus-parse-format 
                                 gnus-group-mode-line-format 
                                 gnus-group-mode-line-format-alist))))
             (news-server (car (cdr gnus-select-method)))
             (news-method (car gnus-select-method))
             (mode-string (eval gformat))
             (max-len 60))
        (if (> (length mode-string) max-len) 
            (setq mode-string (substring mode-string 0 (- max-len 4))))
        (setq mode-line-buffer-identification mode-string)
        (set-buffer-modified-p t))))

(defun gnus-group-group-name ()
  "Get the name of the newsgroup on the current line."
  (let ((group (get-text-property 
                (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point)) 'gnus-group)))
    (and group (symbol-name group))))

(defun gnus-group-group-level ()
  "Get the level of the newsgroup on the current line."
  (get-text-property (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point)) 'gnus-level))

(defun gnus-group-search-forward (&optional backward all level first-too)
  "Find the next newsgroup with unread articles.
If BACKWARD is non-nil, find the previous newsgroup instead.
If ALL is non-nil, just find any newsgroup.
If LEVEL is non-nil, find group with level LEVEL, or higher if no such
group exists.
If FIRST-TOO, the current line is also eligeble as a target."
  (let ((way (if backward -1 1))
        (low 10)
        (beg (point))
        pos found)
    (or first-too (forward-line way))
    (while (and 
            (not (eobp))
            (not (setq 
                  found 
                  (and (or all
                           (and
                            (let ((unread 
                                   (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-unread)))
                              (or (eq unread t) (and unread (> unread 0))))
                            (let ((lev (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-level)))
                              (and lev (< (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-level) 6)))))
                       (or (not level)
                           (let ((lev (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-level)))
                             (if (and lev (<= lev level))
                                 t
                               (if (< lev low)
                                   (progn
                                     (setq low lev)
                                     (setq pos (point))))
                               nil))))))
            (zerop (forward-line way))))
    (if found 
        (progn (gnus-group-position-cursor) t)
      (if pos (goto-char pos) (goto-char beg))
      nil)))

;; Gnus group mode commands

(defun gnus-group-read-group (all &optional no-article group)
  "Read news in this newsgroup.
If argument ALL is non-nil, already read articles become readable.
If optional argument NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article body is displayed."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((group (or group (gnus-group-group-name)))
        number active marked entry)
    (or group (error "No group on current line"))
    (setq marked 
          (nth 3 (nth 2 (setq entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))))
    ;; This group might be a dead group. In that case we have to get
    ;; the number of unread articles from `gnus-active-hashtb'.
    (if entry
        (setq number (car entry))
      (if (setq active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
          (setq number (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active)))))
    (gnus-summary-read-group 
     group (or all (and (numberp number) 
                        (zerop (+ number (length (cdr (assq 'tick marked)))
                                  (length (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))))))
     no-article)))

(defun gnus-group-select-group (all)
  "Select this newsgroup.
No article is selected automatically.
If argument ALL is non-nil, already read articles become readable."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-group-read-group all t))

(defun gnus-group-jump-to-group (group)
  "Jump to newsgroup GROUP."
  (interactive (list (completing-read "Group: " gnus-active-hashtb nil
                                      (not (not gnus-read-active-file)))))

  (if (equal group "")
      (error "empty group name"))

  (let ((b (text-property-any (point-min) (point-max) 
                              'gnus-group (intern group))))
    (if b
        ;; Either go to the line in the group buffer...
        (goto-char b)
      ;; ... or insert the line.
      (or
       (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb)
       (gnus-activate-newsgroup group)
       (error "%s error: %s" group (gnus-status-message group)))

      (gnus-group-update-group group)
      (goto-char (text-property-any (point-min) (point-max) 
                                    'gnus-group (intern group)))))
  ;; Adjust cursor point.
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-next-group (n)
  "Go to next N'th newsgroup.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group n t))

(defun gnus-group-next-unread-group (n &optional all level)
  "Go to next N'th unread newsgroup.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
If ALL is non-nil, choose any newsgroup, unread or not.
If LEVEL is non-nil, choose the next group with level LEVEL, or, if no
such group can be found, the next group with a level higher than
LEVEL.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
made."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
    (while (and (> n 0)
                (gnus-group-search-forward backward all level))
      (setq n (1- n)))
    (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more%s newsgroups%s" (if all "" " unread")
                          (if level " on this level or higher" "")))
    n))

(defun gnus-group-prev-group (n)
  "Go to previous N'th newsgroup.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group (- n) t))

(defun gnus-group-prev-unread-group (n)
  "Go to previous N'th unread newsgroup.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."  
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group (- n)))

(defun gnus-group-next-unread-group-same-level (n)
  "Go to next N'th unread newsgroup on the same level.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group n t (gnus-group-group-level))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-prev-unread-group-same-level (n)
  "Go to next N'th unread newsgroup on the same level.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group (- n) t (gnus-group-group-level))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-best-unread-group (&optional exclude-group)
  "Go to the group with the highest level.
If EXCLUDE-GROUP, do not go to that group."
  (interactive)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (let ((best 10)
        unread best-point)
    (while (setq unread (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-unread))
      (if (and (numberp unread) (> unread 0))
          (progn
            (or best-point (setq best-point (point)))
            (if (and (< (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-level) best)
                     (or (not exclude-group)
                         (not (equal exclude-group (gnus-group-group-name)))))
                (progn 
                  (setq best (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-level))
                  (setq best-point (point))))))
      (forward-line 1))
    (if best-point (goto-char best-point))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
    (and best-point (gnus-group-group-name))))

(defun gnus-group-first-unread-group ()
  "Go to the first group with unread articles."
  (interactive)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (gnus-group-next-unread-group 1))

(defun gnus-group-make-group (name method address)
  "Add a new newsgroup.
The user will be prompted for a NAME, for a select METHOD, and an
ADDRESS."
  (interactive
   (cons 
    (read-string "Group name: ")
    (let ((method
           (completing-read 
            "Method: " gnus-valid-select-methods nil t)))
      (list method
            (if (memq 'prompt-address
                      (assoc method gnus-valid-select-methods))
                (read-string "Address: ")
              "")))))
  (let ((nname (gnus-group-prefixed-name name (list (intern method) address)))
        info)
    (and (gnus-gethash nname gnus-active-hashtb)
         (error "Group %s already exists" nname))
    (gnus-group-change-level 
     (setq info (list t nname 3 nil nil (list (intern method) address)))
     3 9 (gnus-gethash (or (gnus-group-group-name) "dummy.group")
                       gnus-newsrc-hashtb) t)
    (gnus-sethash nname '(0 . 0) gnus-active-hashtb)
    (gnus-dribble-enter 
     (concat "(gnus-group-set-info '" (prin1-to-string (cdr info)) ")"))
    (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info nname)

    (and (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-create-group nname)
         (gnus-request-create-group nname))))

(defun gnus-group-edit-group (group)
  (interactive (list (gnus-group-group-name)))
  (let (info)
    (if group (setq info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
      (error "No group on current line"))
    (setq gnus-winconf-edit-group (current-window-configuration))
    (pop-to-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-edit-buffer))
    (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
    (emacs-lisp-mode)
    ;; Suggested by Hallvard B Furuseth <h.b.furuseth@usit.uio.no>.
    (use-local-map (copy-keymap emacs-lisp-mode-map))
    (local-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-group-edit-group-done)
    (erase-buffer)
    (insert ";; Type `C-c C-c' after you have edited the newsgroup entry.\n\n")
    (let ((cinfo (gnus-copy-sequence info))
          marked)
      (if (not (setq marked (nth 3 cinfo)))
          ()
        (while marked
          (or (eq 'score (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'bookmark (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'killed (car (car marked)))
              (setcdr (car marked) 
                      (gnus-compress-sequence (sort (cdr (car marked)) '<) t)))
          (setq marked (cdr marked))))
      (insert (pp-to-string (list 'gnus-group-set-info
                                  (list 'quote cinfo)))))))

(defun gnus-group-edit-group-done ()
  (interactive)
  (set-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-group-edit-buffer))
  (eval-current-buffer)
  (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
  (and gnus-winconf-edit-group
       (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-edit-group))
  (setq gnus-winconf-edit-group nil)
  (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
  (gnus-group-update-group (gnus-group-group-name))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-make-help-group ()
  "Create the (ding) Gnus documentation group."
  (interactive)
  (and (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-prefixed-name "gnus-help" '(nndoc ""))
                     gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
       (error "Documentation group already exists"))
  (let ((path load-path))
    (while (and path
                (not (file-exists-p (concat (file-name-as-directory (car path))
                                            "doc.txt"))))
      (setq path (cdr path)))
    (or path (error "Couldn't find doc group"))
    (gnus-group-make-group 
     "gnus-help" "nndoc" 
     (concat (file-name-as-directory (car path)) "doc.txt"))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-group-make-archive-group ()
  "Create the (ding) Gnus archive group."
  (interactive)
  (and (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-prefixed-name "ding.archives" '(nndir ""))
                     gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
       (error "Archive group already exists"))
  (gnus-group-make-group "ding.archives" "nndir" gnus-group-archive-directory)
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-make-directory-group (dir)
  "Create an nndir group.
The user will be prompted for a directory. The contents of this
directory will be used as a newsgroup. The directory should contain
mail messages or news articles in files that have numeric names."
  (interactive
   (list (read-file-name "Create group from directory: ")))
  (or (file-exists-p dir) (error "No such directory"))
  (or (file-directory-p dir) (error "Not a directory"))
  (gnus-group-make-group dir "nndir" dir)
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-make-kiboze-group (group address scores)
  "Create an nnkiboze group.
The user will be prompted for a name, a regexp to match groups, and
score file entries for articles to include in the group."
  (interactive
   (list
    (read-string "nnkiboze group name: ")
    (read-string "Source groups (regexp): ")
    (let ((headers (mapcar (lambda (group) (list group))
                           '("subject" "from" "number" "date" "message-id"
                             "references" "chars" "lines" "xref")))
          scores header regexp regexps)
      (while (not (equal "" (setq header (completing-read 
                                          "Match on header: " headers nil t))))
        (setq regexps nil)
        (while (not (equal "" (setq regexp (read-string 
                                            (format "Match on %s (string): "
                                                    header)))))
          (setq regexps (cons (list regexp nil 1000 nil) regexps)))
        (setq scores (cons (cons header regexps) scores)))
      (car scores))))
  (gnus-group-make-group group "nnkiboze" address)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *gnus work*"))
    (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
    (let (emacs-lisp-mode-hook)
      (pp (list 'setq 'gnus-score-alist 
                (list 'quote (list scores)))
          (current-buffer)))
    (write-region (point-min) (point-max) 
                  (concat (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")
                          "nnkiboze:" group "." gnus-score-file-suffix))
    (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

;; Group sorting commands
;; Suggested by Joe Hildebrand <hildjj@idaho.fuentez.com>.

(defun gnus-group-sort-groups ()
  "Sort the group buffer using `gnus-group-sort-function'."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc 
        (sort (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc) gnus-group-sort-function))
  (gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist)
  (gnus-get-unread-articles 6)
  (gnus-group-list-groups nil))

(defun gnus-group-sort-by-alphabet (info1 info2)
  (string< (car info1) (car info2)))

(defun gnus-group-sort-by-unread (info1 info2)
  (let ((n1 (car (gnus-gethash (car info1) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
        (n2 (car (gnus-gethash (car info2) gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
    (< (or (and (numberp n1) n1) 0)
       (or (and (numberp n2) n2) 0))))

(defun gnus-group-sort-by-level (info1 info2)
  (< (nth 1 info1) (nth 1 info2)))

;; Group catching up.

(defun gnus-group-catchup-current (n &optional all)
  "Mark all articles not marked as unread in current newsgroup as read.
If prefix argument N is numeric, the ARG next newsgroups will be
caught up. If ALL is non-nil, marked articles will also be marked as
read. Cross references (Xref: header) of articles are ignored.
The difference between N and actual number of newsgroups that were
caught up is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (if (or (not gnus-interactive-catchup) ;Without confirmation?
          gnus-expert-user
          (gnus-y-or-n-p
           (if all
               "Do you really want to mark all articles as read? "
             "Mark all unread articles as read? ")))
      (progn
        (while 
            (and (> n 0)
                 (progn
                   (setq n (1- n))
                   (gnus-group-catchup (gnus-group-group-name) all)
                   (gnus-group-update-group-line)
                   t)
                 (zerop (gnus-group-next-unread-group 1))))))
  n)

(defun gnus-group-catchup-current-all (n)
  "Mark all articles in current newsgroup as read.
Cross references (Xref: header) of articles are ignored."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-group-catchup-current n 'all))

(defun gnus-group-catchup (group &optional all)
  "Mark all articles in GROUP as read.
If ALL is non-nil, all articles are marked as read.
The return value is the number of articles that were marked as read,
or nil if no action could be taken."
  (let* ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
         (num (car entry))
         (marked (nth 3 (nth 2 entry)))
         ticked)
    (if (not (numberp (car entry)))
        (message "Can't catch up; non-active group")
      ;; Do the updating only if the newsgroup isn't killed
      (if entry
          (progn
            (setq ticked (if all nil (cdr (assq 'tick marked))))
            (gnus-update-read-articles group ticked nil ticked)
            (if (and all marked)
                (setcar (nthcdr 3 (nth 2 entry)) 
                        (delq (assq 'dormant marked) marked))))))
    num))

(defun gnus-group-expire-articles (newsgroup)
  "Expire all expirable articles in the current newsgroup."
  (interactive (list (gnus-group-group-name)))
  (if (not newsgroup) (error "No current newsgroup"))
  (let ((expirable 
         (assq 'expire (nth 3 (nth 2 (gnus-gethash newsgroup 
                                                   gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))))
 (and expirable 
      (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-expire-articles newsgroup)
      (setcdr expirable
              (gnus-request-expire-articles (cdr expirable) newsgroup)))))

(defun gnus-group-expire-all-groups ()
  "Expire all expirable articles in all newsgroups."
  (interactive)
  (message "Expiring...")
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc)))
    (while newsrc
      (gnus-group-expire-articles (car (car newsrc)))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc))))
  (message "Expiring...done"))

(defun gnus-group-set-current-level (n)
  "Set the level of the current group to the numeric prefix."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq n (or n (string-to-int 
                 (completing-read 
                  "Level: " 
                  (mapcar (lambda (n) (list (char-to-string n))) "123456789")
                  nil t))))
  (let ((group (gnus-group-group-name)))
    (if (not group) (error "No newsgroup on current line.")
    (if (and (numberp n) (>= n 1) (<= n 9))
        (progn
          (message "Changed level of %s from %d to %d" 
                   group (gnus-group-group-level) n)
          (gnus-group-change-level group n (gnus-group-group-level))
          (gnus-group-update-group-line))
      (error "Illegal level: %s" n))))
  (forward-line 1)
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group (arg)
  "Toggle subscribe from/to unsubscribe current group."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((group (gnus-group-group-name)))
    (or group (error "No newsgroup on current line"))
    (or arg (setq arg (if (<= (gnus-group-group-level) 5) 6 3)))
    (gnus-group-unsubscribe-group group arg)
    (gnus-group-next-group 1)))

(defun gnus-group-unsubscribe-group (group &optional level)
  "Toggle subscribe from/to unsubscribe GROUP.
New newsgroup is added to .newsrc automatically."
  (interactive
   (list (completing-read "Group: " gnus-active-hashtb nil 
                          gnus-have-read-active-file)))
  (let ((newsrc (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
    (cond (newsrc
           ;; Toggle subscription flag.
           (gnus-group-change-level 
            newsrc (if level level (if (< (nth 1 (nth 2 newsrc)) 6) 6 4)))
           (gnus-group-update-group group))
          ((and (stringp group)
                (or (not gnus-have-read-active-file)
                    (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb)))
           ;; Add new newsgroup.
           (gnus-group-change-level 
            group 
            (if level level 3) 
            (or (and (member group gnus-zombie-list) 8) 9)
            (or (and (gnus-group-group-name)
                     (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-group-name) gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
                (gnus-gethash (car (car gnus-newsrc-assoc)) 
                              gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
           (gnus-group-update-group group))
          (t (error "No such newsgroup: %s" group)))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-group-transpose-groups (arg)
  "Exchange current newsgroup and previous newsgroup.
With argument ARG, takes previous newsgroup and moves it past ARG newsgroup."
  (interactive "p")
  ;; BUG: last newsgroup and the last but one cannot be transposed
  ;; since gnus-group-search-forward does not move forward beyond the
  ;; last.  If we instead use forward-line, no problem, but I don't
  ;; want to use it for later extension.
  (while (> arg 0)
    (gnus-group-search-forward t t)
    (gnus-group-kill-group 1)
    (gnus-group-search-forward nil t)
    (gnus-group-yank-group)
    (gnus-group-search-forward nil t)
    (setq arg (1- arg))))

(defun gnus-group-kill-all-zombies ()
  "Kill all zombie newsgroups."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-killed-list (nconc gnus-zombie-list gnus-killed-list))
  (setq gnus-zombie-list nil)
  (funcall gnus-group-prepare-function 5 nil nil)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-kill-region (begin end)
  "Kill newsgroups in current region (excluding current point).
The killed newsgroups can be yanked by using \\[gnus-group-yank-group]."
  (interactive "r")
  (let ((lines
         ;; Exclude a line where current point is on.
         (1-
          ;; Count lines.
          (save-excursion
            (count-lines
             (progn
               (goto-char begin)
               (beginning-of-line)
               (point))
             (progn
               (goto-char end)
               (end-of-line)
               (point)))))))
    (goto-char begin)
    (beginning-of-line)                 ;Important when LINES < 1
    (gnus-group-kill-group lines)))

(defun gnus-group-kill-group (n)
  "The the next N groups.
The killed newsgroups can be yanked by using \\[gnus-group-yank-group].
However, only groups that were alive can be yanked; already killed 
groups or zombie groups can't be yanked.
The return value is the name of the (last) newsgroup that was killed."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        group entry level)
    (while (>= (setq n  (1- n)) 0)
      (setq group (gnus-group-group-name))
      (or group
          (signal 'end-of-buffer nil))
      (setq level (gnus-group-group-level))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))
      (if (setq entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
          (setq gnus-list-of-killed-groups 
                (cons (cons (car entry) (nth 2 entry)) 
                      gnus-list-of-killed-groups)))
      (gnus-group-change-level (if entry entry group) 9 (if entry nil level)))
    (if (eobp)
        (forward-line -1))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)
    group))

(defun gnus-group-yank-group (&optional arg)
  "Yank the last newsgroups killed with \\[gnus-group-kill-group],
inserting it before the current newsgroup.  The numeric ARG specifies
how many newsgroups are to be yanked.  The name of the (last)
newsgroup yanked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (if (not arg) (setq arg 1))
  (let (info group prev)
    (while (>= (setq arg (1- arg)) 0)
      (if (not (setq info (car gnus-list-of-killed-groups)))
          (error "No more newsgroups to yank"))
      (setq group (nth 2 info))
      ;; Find which newsgroup to insert this one before - search
      ;; backward until something suitable is found. If there are no
      ;; other newsgroups in this buffer, just make this newsgroup the
      ;; first newsgroup.
      (while (and (not (setq prev (gnus-group-group-name)))
                  (zerop (forward-line -1))))
      (if (not prev)
          (setq prev (car (car gnus-newsrc-assoc))))
      (gnus-group-change-level 
       info (nth 2 info) 9 
       (gnus-gethash prev gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
       t)
      (gnus-group-insert-group-line-info (nth 1 info))
      (setq gnus-list-of-killed-groups 
            (cdr gnus-list-of-killed-groups)))
    (forward-line -1)
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)
    group))
      
(defun gnus-group-list-all-groups (arg)
  "List all newsgroups with level ARG or lower.
Default is 7, which lists all subscribed and most unsubscribed groups."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq arg (or arg 7))
  (gnus-group-list-groups arg t))

(defun gnus-group-list-killed ()
  "List all killed newsgroups in the group buffer."
  (interactive)
  (if (not gnus-killed-list)
      (message "No killed groups")
    (funcall gnus-group-prepare-function 9 t 9)
    (goto-char (point-min)))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-list-zombies ()
  "List all zombie newsgroups in the group buffer."
  (interactive)
  (if (not gnus-zombie-list)
      (message "No zombie groups")
    (funcall gnus-group-prepare-function 8 t 8)
    (goto-char (point-min)))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-get-new-news (&optional arg)
  "Get newly arrived articles.
If ARG is non-nil, it should be a number between one and nine to
specify which levels you are interested in re-scanning."
  (interactive "P")
  (run-hooks 'gnus-get-new-news-hook)
  (if (and gnus-read-active-file (not arg))
      (progn
        (gnus-read-active-file)
        (gnus-get-unread-articles (or arg 6)))
    (let ((gnus-read-active-file nil))
      (gnus-get-unread-articles (or arg 6))))
  (gnus-group-list-groups nil gnus-have-all-newsgroups))

(defun gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group (n)
  "Check for newly arrived news in the current group (and the N-1 next groups).
The difference between N and the number of newsgroup checked is returned.
If N is negative, this group and the N-1 previous groups will be checked."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((way (if (< n 0) -1 1))
        (n (abs n))
        (w-p (window-start))
        group)
    (while (and (> n 0)
                (progn
                  (or (gnus-get-new-news-in-group
                       (setq group (gnus-group-group-name)))
                      (progn 
                        (ding) 
                        (message "%s error: %s" 
                                 group (gnus-status-message group))))
                  t)
                (zerop (gnus-group-next-group way)))
      (setq n (1- n)))
    (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more newsgroups"))
    ;; !!! I don't know why the buffer scrolls forward when updating
    ;; the first line in the group buffer, but it does. So we set the
    ;; window start forcibly.
    (set-window-start (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) w-p)
    n))

(defun gnus-get-new-news-in-group (group)
  (and group 
       (gnus-activate-newsgroup group)
       (progn
         (gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group 
          (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
          (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
         (gnus-group-update-group-line)
         t)))

(defun gnus-group-fetch-faq (group)
  "Fetch the FAQ for the current group."
  (interactive (list (gnus-group-group-name)))
  (or group (error "No group name given"))
  (let ((file (concat gnus-group-faq-directory group))) 
    (if (not (file-exists-p file))
        (error "No such file: %s" file)
      (find-file file))))
  
(defun gnus-group-describe-group (force &optional group)
  "Display a description of the current newsgroup."
  (interactive "P")
  (and force (setq gnus-description-hashtb nil))
  (let ((group (or group (gnus-group-group-name)))
        desc)
    (or group (message "No group name given"))
    (and (or gnus-description-hashtb
             (setq desc (gnus-group-get-description group))
             (gnus-read-descriptions-file))
         (message
          (or desc (gnus-gethash group gnus-description-hashtb)
              "No description available")))))

;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-group-describe-all-groups (force)
  "Pop up a buffer with descriptons of all newsgroups."
  (interactive "P")
  (and force (setq gnus-description-hashtb nil))
  (if (not (or gnus-description-hashtb
               (gnus-read-descriptions-file)))
      (error "Couldn't request descriptions file"))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        b)
    (erase-buffer)
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (group)
       (setq b (point))
       (insert (format "      *: %-20s %s\n" (symbol-name group)
                       (symbol-value group)))
       (add-text-properties 
        b (1+ b) (list 'gnus-group group
                       'gnus-unread t 'gnus-marked nil 'gnus-level 6)))
     gnus-description-hashtb)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

;; Suggested by by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.
(defun gnus-group-apropos (regexp &optional search-description)
  "List all newsgroups that have names that match a regexp."
  (interactive "sGnus apropos (regexp): ")
  (let ((prev "")
        (obuf (current-buffer))
        groups des prev)
    ;; Go through all newsgroups that are known to Gnus.
    (mapatoms 
     (lambda (group)
       (and (string-match regexp (symbol-name group))
            (setq groups (cons (symbol-name group) groups))))
     gnus-active-hashtb)
    ;; Go through all descriptions that are known to Gnus. 
    (if search-description
        (mapatoms 
         (lambda (group)
           (and (string-match regexp (symbol-value group))
                (gnus-gethash (symbol-name group) gnus-active-hashtb)
                (setq groups (cons (symbol-name group) groups))))
         gnus-description-hashtb))
    (if (not groups)
        (message "No groups matched \"%s\"." regexp)
      ;; Print out all the groups.
      (save-excursion
        (pop-to-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Gnus Help*"))
        (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
        (erase-buffer)
        (setq groups (sort groups 'string<))
        (while groups
          ;; Groups may be entered twice into the list of groups.
          (if (not (string= (car groups) prev))
              (progn
                (insert (setq prev (car groups)) "\n")
                (if (and gnus-description-hashtb
                         (setq des (gnus-gethash (car groups) 
                                                 gnus-description-hashtb)))
                    (insert "  " des "\n"))))
          (setq groups (cdr groups)))
        (goto-char 1)))
    (pop-to-buffer obuf)))

(defun gnus-group-description-apropos (regexp)
  "List all newsgroups that have names or desccriptions that match a regexp."
  (interactive "sGnus description apropos (regexp): ")
  (if (not (or gnus-description-hashtb
               (gnus-read-descriptions-file)))
      (error "Couldn't request descriptions file"))
  (gnus-group-apropos regexp t))

;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-group-list-matching (level regexp &optional all lowest) 
  "List all groups with unread articles that match REGEXP.
If the prefix LEVEL is non-nil, it should be a number that says which
level to cut off listing groups. 
If ALL, also list groups with no unread articles.
If LOWEST, don't list groups with level lower than LOWEST."
  (interactive "P\nsList newsgroups matching: ")
  (gnus-group-prepare-flat (or level 5) all (or lowest 1) regexp)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (gnus-group-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-group-list-all-matching (level regexp &optional lowest) 
  "List all groups that match REGEXP.
If the prefix LEVEL is non-nil, it should be a number that says which
level to cut off listing groups. 
If LOWEST, don't list groups with level lower than LOWEST."
  (interactive "P\nsList newsgroups matching: ")
  (gnus-group-list-matching (or level 9) regexp t lowest))

;; Suggested by Jack Vinson <vinson@unagi.cis.upenn.edu>.
(defun gnus-group-save-newsrc ()
  "Save the Gnus startup files."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-save-newsrc-file))

(defun gnus-group-restart (&optional arg)
  "Force Gnus to read the .newsrc file."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-save-newsrc-file)
  (gnus-setup-news 'force)
  (gnus-group-list-groups arg gnus-have-all-newsgroups))

(defun gnus-group-read-init-file ()
  "Read the Gnus elisp init file."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-read-init-file))

(defun gnus-group-check-bogus-groups ()
  "Check bogus newsgroups."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups (not gnus-expert-user))  ;Require confirmation.
  (gnus-group-list-groups nil gnus-have-all-newsgroups))

(defun gnus-group-mail ()
  "Start composing a mail."
  (interactive)
  (mail))

(defun gnus-group-edit-global-kill (article &optional group)
  "Edit the global kill file.
If GROUP, edit that local kill file instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq gnus-current-kill-article article)
  (gnus-kill-file-edit-file group)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys
    "Editing a global kill file (Type \\[gnus-kill-file-exit] to exit)")))

(defun gnus-group-edit-local-kill (article group)
  "Edit a local kill file."
  (interactive (list nil (gnus-group-group-name)))
  (gnus-group-edit-global-kill article group))

(defun gnus-group-force-update ()
  "Update `.newsrc' file."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-save-newsrc-file))

(defun gnus-group-suspend ()
  "Suspend the current Gnus session.
In fact, cleanup buffers except for group mode buffer.
The hook gnus-suspend-gnus-hook is called before actually suspending."
  (interactive)
  (run-hooks 'gnus-suspend-gnus-hook)
  ;; Kill Gnus buffers except for group mode buffer.
  (let ((group-buf (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer)))
    (while gnus-buffer-list
      (and (not (eq (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)) group-buf))
           (not (eq (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)) gnus-dribble-buffer))
           (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list))
           (buffer-name (get-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)))
           (kill-buffer (car gnus-buffer-list)))
      (setq gnus-buffer-list (cdr gnus-buffer-list)))
    (setq gnus-buffer-list (list group-buf))
    (bury-buffer group-buf)
    (delete-windows-on group-buf t)))

(defun gnus-group-clear-dribble ()
  "Clear all information from the dribble buffer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-dribble-clear))

(defun gnus-group-exit ()
  "Quit reading news after updating .newsrc.eld and .newsrc.
The hook `gnus-exit-gnus-hook' is called before actually exiting."
  (interactive)
  (if (or noninteractive                ;For gnus-batch-kill
          (zerop (buffer-size))         ;No news is good news.
          (not (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method)) ;NNTP connection closed
          (not gnus-interactive-exit)   ;Without confirmation
          gnus-expert-user
          (gnus-y-or-n-p "Are you sure you want to quit reading news? "))
      (progn
        (run-hooks 'gnus-exit-gnus-hook)
        (gnus-save-newsrc-file)
        (gnus-close-backends)
        (gnus-clear-system))))

(defun gnus-close-backends ()
  ;; Send a close request to all backends that support such a request. 
  (let ((methods gnus-valid-select-methods)
        func)
    (while methods
      (if (fboundp (setq func (intern (concat (car (car methods))
                                              "-request-close"))))
          (funcall func))
      (setq methods (cdr methods)))))

(defun gnus-group-quit ()
  "Quit reading news without updating .newsrc.eld or .newsrc.
The hook `gnus-exit-gnus-hook' is called before actually exiting."
  (interactive)
  (if (or noninteractive                ;For gnus-batch-kill
          (zerop (buffer-size))
          (not (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method))
          gnus-expert-user
          (not gnus-current-startup-file)
          (gnus-yes-or-no-p
           (format "Quit reading news without saving %s? "
                   (file-name-nondirectory gnus-current-startup-file))))
      (progn
        (run-hooks 'gnus-exit-gnus-hook)
        (gnus-dribble-save)
        (gnus-close-backends)
        (gnus-clear-system))))

(defun gnus-group-describe-briefly ()
  "Give a one line description of the group mode commands."
  (interactive)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys "\\<gnus-group-mode-map>\\[gnus-group-read-group]:Select  \\[gnus-group-next-unread-group]:Forward  \\[gnus-group-prev-unread-group]:Backward  \\[gnus-group-exit]:Exit  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-group-describe-briefly]:This help")))

(defun gnus-group-browse-foreign-server (method)
  "Browse a foreign news server.
If called interactively, this function will ask for a select method
 (nntp, nnspool, etc.) and a server address (eg. nntp.some.where). 
If not, METHOD should be a list where the first element is the method
and the second element is the address."
  (interactive
   (list (list (intern (completing-read 
                        "Select method: "
                        gnus-valid-select-methods nil t "nntp"))
               ;; Suggested by mapjph@bath.ac.uk.
               (completing-read 
                "Server name: " 
                (mapcar (lambda (server) (list server))
                        gnus-secondary-servers)))))
  (gnus-browse-foreign-server method))

\f
;;;
;;; Browse Server Mode
;;;

(defvar gnus-browse-server-mode-hook nil)
(defvar gnus-browse-server-mode-map nil)
(put 'gnus-browse-server-mode 'mode-class 'special)

(if gnus-browse-server-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-browse-server-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-browse-server-mode-map)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map " " 'gnus-browse-read-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "=" 'gnus-browse-read-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "n" 'gnus-browse-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "p" 'gnus-browse-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\177" 'gnus-browse-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "N" 'gnus-browse-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "P" 'gnus-browse-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\M-n" 'gnus-browse-next-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\M-p" 'gnus-browse-prev-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\r" 'gnus-browse-read-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "u" 'gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "l" 'gnus-browse-exit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "L" 'gnus-browse-exit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "q" 'gnus-browse-exit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "Q" 'gnus-browse-exit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-browse-exit)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "?" 'gnus-browse-describe-briefly)
  (define-key gnus-browse-server-mode-map "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node)
  )

(defvar gnus-browse-current-method nil)

(defun gnus-browse-foreign-server (method)
  (setq gnus-browse-current-method method)
  (let ((gnus-select-method method)
        groups group)
    (message "Connecting to %s..." (nth 1 method))
    (or (gnus-server-opened method)
        (gnus-open-server method)
        (error "Unable to contact server: %s" (gnus-status-message method)))
    (or (gnus-request-list method)
        (error "Couldn't request list: %s" (gnus-status-message method)))
    (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Gnus Browse Server*"))
    (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
    (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (erase-buffer))
    (gnus-browse-server-mode)
    (setq mode-line-buffer-identification
          (format
           "(ding) Browse Server {%s:%s}" (car method) (car (cdr method))))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
      (let ((cur (current-buffer)))
        (goto-char 1)
        (delete-matching-lines gnus-ignored-newsgroups)
        (while (re-search-forward 
                "\\(^[^ \t]+\\)[ \t]+[0-9]+[ \t]+[0-9]+" nil t)
          (goto-char (match-end 1))
          (setq groups (cons (cons (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
                                                     (match-end 1))
                                   (- (read cur) (read cur)))
                             groups)))))
    (setq groups (sort groups 
                       (lambda (l1 l2)
                         (string< (car l1) (car l2)))))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (while groups
        (setq group (car groups))
        (insert 
         (format "K%7d: %s\n" (cdr group) (car group)))
        (setq groups (cdr groups))))
    (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))
    (goto-char 1)
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-browse-server-mode ()
  "Major mode for browsing a foreign server."
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (setq mode-line-modified "-- ")
  (make-local-variable 'mode-line-format)
  (setq mode-line-format (copy-sequence mode-line-format))
  (and (equal (nth 3 mode-line-format) "   ")
       (setcar (nthcdr 3 mode-line-format) ""))
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-browse-server-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Browse Server")
  (setq mode-line-process nil)
  (use-local-map gnus-browse-server-mode-map)
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq truncate-lines t)
  (setq buffer-read-only t)
  (run-hooks 'gnus-browse-server-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-browse-read-group ()
  "Not implemented, and will probably never be."
  (interactive)
  (error "You can't read while browsing"))

(defun gnus-browse-next-group (n)
  "Go to the next group."
  (interactive "p")
  (prog1
      (forward-line n)
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-browse-prev-group (n)
  "Go to the next group."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-browse-next-group (- n)))

(defun gnus-browse-unsubscribe-current-group (arg)
  "(Un)subscribe to the next ARG groups."
  (interactive "p")
  (and (eobp)
       (error "No group at current line."))
  (let ((ward (if (< arg 0) -1 1))
        (arg (abs arg)))
    (while (and (> arg 0)
                (not (eobp))
                (gnus-browse-unsubscribe-group)
                (zerop (gnus-browse-next-group ward)))
      (setq arg (1- arg)))
    (gnus-group-position-cursor)
    (if (/= 0 arg) (message "No more newsgroups"))
    arg))
  
(defun gnus-browse-unsubscribe-group ()
  (let ((sub nil)
        (buffer-read-only nil)
        group)
    (save-excursion
      (beginning-of-line)
      (if (= (following-char) ?K) (setq sub t))
      (re-search-forward ": \\(.*\\)$" nil t)
      (setq group (gnus-group-prefixed-name 
                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
                   gnus-browse-current-method))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (delete-char 1)
      (if sub
          (progn
            (gnus-group-change-level 
             (list t group 3 nil nil gnus-browse-current-method) 3 9 
             (gnus-gethash (car (nth 1 gnus-newsrc-assoc)) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
             t)
            (insert ? ))
        (gnus-group-change-level group 9 3)
        (insert ?K)))
    t))

(defun gnus-browse-exit ()
  "Quit browsing and return to the group buffer."
  (interactive)
  (if (eq major-mode 'gnus-browse-server-mode)
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
  (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
  (gnus-group-list-groups nil))

(defun gnus-browse-describe-briefly ()
  "Give a one line description of the group mode commands."
  (interactive)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys "\\<gnus-browse-server-mode-map>\\[gnus-group-next-group]:Forward  \\[gnus-group-prev-group]:Backward  \\[gnus-browse-exit]:Exit  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-browse-describe-briefly]:This help")))
      
\f
;;;
;;; Gnus summary mode
;;;

(defvar gnus-summary-mode-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-mark-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-mscore-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-send-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-extract-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-extract-view-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-article-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-thread-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-goto-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-exit-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-various-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-interest-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-process-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-score-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-sort-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-mgroup-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-vsave-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-increase-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-inc-subject-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-inc-author-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-inc-body-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-inc-id-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-inc-xref-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-inc-thread-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-inc-fol-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-lower-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-low-subject-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-low-author-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-low-body-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-low-id-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-low-xref-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-low-thread-map nil)
(defvar gnus-summary-low-fol-map nil)
(put 'gnus-summary-mode 'mode-class 'special)

(if gnus-summary-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-summary-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-summary-mode-map)

  ;; Non-orthogonal keys

  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map " " 'gnus-summary-next-page)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\177" 'gnus-summary-prev-page)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\r" 'gnus-summary-scroll-up)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "n" 'gnus-summary-next-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "p" 'gnus-summary-prev-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "N" 'gnus-summary-next-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "P" 'gnus-summary-prev-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-n" 'gnus-summary-next-same-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-p" 'gnus-summary-prev-same-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-n" 'gnus-summary-next-unread-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-p" 'gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "." 'gnus-summary-first-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "," 'gnus-summary-best-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-s" 'gnus-summary-search-article-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-r" 'gnus-summary-search-article-backward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "<" 'gnus-summary-beginning-of-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map ">" 'gnus-summary-end-of-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "j" 'gnus-summary-goto-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "^" 'gnus-summary-refer-parent-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-^" 'gnus-summary-refer-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "u" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "!" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "U" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-backward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "d" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "D" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "E" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-u" 'gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-U" 'gnus-summary-clear-mark-backward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "k" 'gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-k" 'gnus-summary-kill-same-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-k" 'gnus-summary-kill-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-l" 'gnus-summary-lower-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "e" 'gnus-summary-edit-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "#" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-processable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-#" 'gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-threads)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-s" 'gnus-summary-show-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-h" 'gnus-summary-hide-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-f" 'gnus-summary-next-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-b" 'gnus-summary-prev-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-u" 'gnus-summary-up-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-\C-d" 'gnus-summary-down-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "&" 'gnus-summary-execute-command)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "c" 'gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-truncation)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "?" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\M-\C-s" 'gnus-summary-show-all-expunged)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-s\C-n" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-number)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-s\C-a" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-s\C-s" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-s\C-d" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-date)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-s\C-i" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-score)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "=" 'gnus-summary-expand-window)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-x\C-s" 'gnus-summary-reselect-current-group)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-g" 'gnus-summary-rescan-group)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "w" 'gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-r" 'gnus-summary-caesar-message)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-mime)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "f" 'gnus-summary-followup)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "F" 'gnus-summary-followup-with-original)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "C" 'gnus-summary-cancel-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "r" 'gnus-summary-reply)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "R" 'gnus-summary-reply-with-original)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-f" 'gnus-summary-mail-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "o" 'gnus-summary-save-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-o" 'gnus-summary-save-article-mail)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "|" 'gnus-summary-pipe-output)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-k" 'gnus-summary-edit-local-kill)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\M-K" 'gnus-summary-edit-global-kill)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "V" 'gnus-version)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-d" 'gnus-summary-describe-group)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "q" 'gnus-summary-exit)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "Q" 'gnus-summary-exit-no-update)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-i" 'gnus-info-find-node)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map
    (if gnus-xemacs [button2] [mouse-2]) 'gnus-mouse-pick-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "m" 'gnus-summary-mail-other-window)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "a" 'gnus-summary-post-news)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "x" 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-as-read)
; (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "X" 'gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-with)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "s" 'gnus-summary-isearch-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-header)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "g" 'gnus-summary-show-article)
;  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "?" 'gnus-summary-describe-briefly)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "l" 'gnus-summary-goto-last-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-c\C-v\C-v" 'gnus-uu-decode-uu-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "\C-d" 'gnus-summary-enter-digest-group)


  ;; Sort of orthogonal keymap
  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-mark-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "M" 'gnus-summary-mark-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "t" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "!" 'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "d" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "r" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "c" 'gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map " " 'gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "e" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "x" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "?" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "b" 'gnus-summary-set-bookmark)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "B" 'gnus-summary-remove-bookmark)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "#" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-processable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "\M-#" 'gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "\M-r" 'gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-as-read)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "\M-\C-r" 'gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-with)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "D" 'gnus-summary-show-all-dormant)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "\M-D" 'gnus-summary-hide-all-dormant)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "S" 'gnus-summary-show-all-expunged)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "C" 'gnus-summary-catchup)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "H" 'gnus-summary-catchup-to-here)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "\C-c" 'gnus-summary-catchup-all)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "k" 'gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "K" 'gnus-summary-kill-same-subject)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-mscore-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "s" 'gnus-summary-mscore-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mscore-map "c" 'gnus-summary-clear-above)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mscore-map "u" 'gnus-summary-tick-above)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mscore-map "m" 'gnus-summary-mark-above)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mscore-map "k" 'gnus-summary-kill-below)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-process-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mark-map "p" 'gnus-summary-process-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "p" 'gnus-summary-mark-as-processable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "u" 'gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "U" 'gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "s" 'gnus-uu-mark-series)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "r" 'gnus-uu-mark-region)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "R" 'gnus-uu-mark-by-regexp)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "t" 'gnus-uu-mark-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "a" 'gnus-uu-mark-all)
  (define-key gnus-summary-process-map "S" 'gnus-uu-mark-sparse)
  

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-send-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "S" 'gnus-summary-send-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "p" 'gnus-summary-post-news)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "f" 'gnus-summary-followup)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "F" 'gnus-summary-followup-with-original)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "b" 'gnus-summary-followup-and-reply)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "B" 'gnus-summary-followup-and-reply-with-original)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "c" 'gnus-summary-cancel-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "s" 'gnus-summary-supersede-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "r" 'gnus-summary-reply)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "R" 'gnus-summary-reply-with-original)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "\C-f" 'gnus-summary-mail-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "m" 'gnus-summary-mail-other-window)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "u" 'gnus-uu-post-news)
  (define-key gnus-summary-send-map "\M-f" 'gnus-uu-digest-and-forward)

  
  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-goto-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "G" 'gnus-summary-goto-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "n" 'gnus-summary-next-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "p" 'gnus-summary-prev-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "N" 'gnus-summary-next-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "P" 'gnus-summary-prev-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "\C-n" 'gnus-summary-next-same-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "\C-p" 'gnus-summary-prev-same-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "\M-n" 'gnus-summary-next-unread-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "\M-p" 'gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "f" 'gnus-summary-first-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "b" 'gnus-summary-best-unread-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "g" 'gnus-summary-goto-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "l" 'gnus-summary-goto-last-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-goto-map "p" 'gnus-summary-pop-article)


  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-thread-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "T" 'gnus-summary-thread-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "k" 'gnus-summary-kill-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "l" 'gnus-summary-lower-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "i" 'gnus-summary-raise-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "T" 'gnus-summary-toggle-threads)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "s" 'gnus-summary-show-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "S" 'gnus-summary-show-all-threads)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "h" 'gnus-summary-hide-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "H" 'gnus-summary-hide-all-threads)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "n" 'gnus-summary-next-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "p" 'gnus-summary-prev-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "u" 'gnus-summary-up-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "d" 'gnus-summary-down-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-thread-map "#" 'gnus-uu-mark-thread)

  
  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-exit-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "Z" 'gnus-summary-exit-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-exit-map "c" 'gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit)
  (define-key gnus-summary-exit-map "C" 'gnus-summary-catchup-all-and-exit)
  (define-key gnus-summary-exit-map "E" 'gnus-summary-exit-no-update)
  (define-key gnus-summary-exit-map "Q" 'gnus-summary-exit)
  (define-key gnus-summary-exit-map "Z" 'gnus-summary-exit)
  (define-key gnus-summary-exit-map "n" 'gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-next-group)


  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-article-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "A" 'gnus-summary-article-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map " " 'gnus-summary-next-page)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "n" 'gnus-summary-next-page)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "\177" 'gnus-summary-prev-page)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "p" 'gnus-summary-prev-page)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "\r" 'gnus-summary-scroll-up)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "<" 'gnus-summary-beginning-of-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map ">" 'gnus-summary-end-of-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "b" 'gnus-summary-beginning-of-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "e" 'gnus-summary-end-of-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "^" 'gnus-summary-refer-parent-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "r" 'gnus-summary-refer-parent-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "w" 'gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "c" 'gnus-summary-caesar-message)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "g" 'gnus-summary-show-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "t" 'gnus-summary-toggle-header)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "hh" 'gnus-article-hide-headers)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "hs" 'gnus-article-hide-signature)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "hc" 'gnus-article-hide-citation)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "ho" 'gnus-article-treat-overstrike)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "hw" 'gnus-article-word-wrap)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "hd" 'gnus-article-remove-cr)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "hq" 'gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "m" 'gnus-summary-toggle-mime)
  (define-key gnus-summary-article-map "s" 'gnus-summary-isearch-article)


  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-extract-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "X" 'gnus-summary-extract-map)
;  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "x" 'gnus-summary-extract-any)
;  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "m" 'gnus-summary-extract-mime)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "u" 'gnus-uu-decode-uu)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "U" 'gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "s" 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "S" 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "o" 'gnus-uu-decode-save)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "O" 'gnus-uu-decode-save)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "b" 'gnus-uu-decode-binhex)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "B" 'gnus-uu-decode-binhex)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-extract-view-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-map "v" 'gnus-summary-extract-view-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "u" 'gnus-uu-decode-uu-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "U" 'gnus-uu-decode-uu-and-save-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "s" 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "S" 'gnus-uu-decode-unshar-and-save-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "o" 'gnus-uu-decode-save-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "O" 'gnus-uu-decode-save-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "b" 'gnus-uu-decode-binhex-view)
  (define-key gnus-summary-extract-view-map "B" 'gnus-uu-decode-binhex-view)
  
  
  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-various-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "V" 'gnus-summary-various-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "u" 'gnus-summary-universal-argument)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "\C-s" 'gnus-summary-search-article-forward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "\C-r" 'gnus-summary-search-article-backward)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "r" 'gnus-summary-refer-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "&" 'gnus-summary-execute-command)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "T" 'gnus-summary-toggle-truncation)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "e" 'gnus-summary-expand-window)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "S" 'gnus-summary-reselect-current-group)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "g" 'gnus-summary-rescan-group)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "V" 'gnus-version)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "f" 'gnus-summary-fetch-faq)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "d" 'gnus-summary-describe-group)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "?" 'gnus-summary-describe-briefly)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "i" 'gnus-info-find-node)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "D" 'gnus-summary-enter-digest-group)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "k" 'gnus-summary-edit-local-kill)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "K" 'gnus-summary-edit-global-kill)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-vsave-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "o" 'gnus-summary-vsave-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-vsave-map "o" 'gnus-summary-save-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-vsave-map "m" 'gnus-summary-save-article-mail)
  (define-key gnus-summary-vsave-map "r" 'gnus-summary-save-article-rmail)
  (define-key gnus-summary-vsave-map "f" 'gnus-summary-save-article-file)
  (define-key gnus-summary-vsave-map "h" 'gnus-summary-save-article-folder)
  (define-key gnus-summary-vsave-map "p" 'gnus-summary-pipe-output)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-score-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "S" 'gnus-summary-score-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-score-map "s" 'gnus-summary-set-score)
  (define-key gnus-summary-score-map "c" 'gnus-score-change-score-file)
  (define-key gnus-summary-score-map "m" 'gnus-score-set-mark-below)
  (define-key gnus-summary-score-map "x" 'gnus-score-set-expunge-below)
  (define-key gnus-summary-score-map "e" 'gnus-score-edit-alist)
  (define-key gnus-summary-score-map "f" 'gnus-score-edit-file)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-sort-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "s" 'gnus-summary-sort-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-sort-map "n" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-number)
  (define-key gnus-summary-sort-map "a" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-sort-map "s" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-sort-map "d" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-date)
  (define-key gnus-summary-sort-map "i" 'gnus-summary-sort-by-score)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-mgroup-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-various-map "m" 'gnus-summary-mgroup-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mgroup-map "e" 'gnus-summary-expire-articles)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mgroup-map "\177" 'gnus-summary-delete-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mgroup-map "m" 'gnus-summary-move-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mgroup-map "r" 'gnus-summary-respool-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mgroup-map "w" 'gnus-summary-edit-article)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mgroup-map "c" 'gnus-summary-copy-article)


  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-increase-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "I" 'gnus-summary-increase-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "i" 'gnus-summary-raise-same-subject-and-select)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "I" 'gnus-summary-raise-same-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "\C-i" 'gnus-summary-raise-score)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-inc-subject-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "s" 'gnus-summary-inc-subject-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "S" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-subject-map "s" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-subject-map "S" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-subject-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-subject-map "p" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-subject)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-inc-author-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "a" 'gnus-summary-inc-author-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "A" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-author-map "a" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-author-map "A" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-author-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-author-map "p" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-author)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-inc-body-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "b" 'gnus-summary-inc-body-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "B" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-body-map "b" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-body-map "B" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-body-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-body-map "p" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-body)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-inc-id-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "i" 'gnus-summary-inc-id-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "I" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-id-map "i" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-id-map "I" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-id-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-id-map "p" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-id)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-inc-thread-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "t" 'gnus-summary-inc-thread-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "T" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-thread-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-thread-map "T" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-thread-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-thread-map "p" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-thread)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-inc-xref-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "x" 'gnus-summary-inc-xref-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "X" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-xref-map "x" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-xref-map "X" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-xref-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-xref-map "p" 'gnus-summary-raise-by-xref)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-inc-fol-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "f" 'gnus-summary-inc-fol-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-increase-map "F" 'gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-fol-map "f" 'gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-fol-map "F" 'gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-fol-map "t" 'gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-inc-fol-map "p" 'gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-lower-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map "L" 'gnus-summary-lower-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "l" 'gnus-summary-lower-same-subject-and-select)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "L" 'gnus-summary-lower-same-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "\C-l" 'gnus-summary-lower-score)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-low-subject-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "s" 'gnus-summary-low-subject-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "S" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-subject-map "s" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-subject-map "S" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-subject-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-subject)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-subject-map "p" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-subject)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-low-body-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "b" 'gnus-summary-low-body-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "B" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-body-map "b" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-body-map "B" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-body-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-body)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-body-map "p" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-body)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-low-author-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "a" 'gnus-summary-low-author-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "A" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-author-map "a" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-author-map "A" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-author-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-author-map "p" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-author)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-low-id-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "i" 'gnus-summary-low-id-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "I" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-id-map "i" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-id-map "I" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-id-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-id)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-id-map "p" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-id)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-low-thread-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "t" 'gnus-summary-low-thread-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "T" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-thread-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-thread-map "T" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-thread-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-thread)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-thread-map "p" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-thread)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-low-xref-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "x" 'gnus-summary-low-xref-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "X" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-xref-map "x" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-xref-map "X" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-xref-map "t" 'gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-xref)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-xref-map "p" 'gnus-summary-lower-by-xref)

  (define-prefix-command 'gnus-summary-low-fol-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "f" 'gnus-summary-low-fol-map)
  (define-key gnus-summary-lower-map "F" 'gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-fol-map "f" 'gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-fol-map "F" 'gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-fol-map "t" 'gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author)
  (define-key gnus-summary-low-fol-map "p" 'gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author)
  )


\f

(defun gnus-summary-mode ()
  "Major mode for reading articles.

All normal editing commands are switched off.
\\<gnus-summary-mode-map>
Each line in this buffer represents one article.  To read an
article, you can, for instance, type `\\[gnus-summary-next-page]'.  To move forwards
and backwards while displaying articles, type `\\[gnus-summary-next-unread-article]' and `\\[gnus-summary-prev-unread-article]', 
respectively.

You can also post articles and send mail from this buffer.  To 
follow up an article, type `\\[gnus-summary-followup]'.  To mail a reply to the author 
of an article, type `\\[gnus-summary-reply]'.

There are approx. one gazillion commands you can execute in this 
buffer; read the info pages for more information (`\\[gnus-info-find-node]'). 

The following commands are available:

\\{gnus-summary-mode-map}"
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-visual (gnus-summary-make-menu-bar))
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (let ((locals gnus-summary-local-variables))
    (while locals
      (if (consp (car locals))
          (progn
            (make-local-variable (car (car locals)))
            (set (car (car locals)) (eval (cdr (car locals)))))
        (make-local-variable (car locals))
        (set (car locals) nil))
      (setq locals (cdr locals))))
  (gnus-update-format-specifications)
  (setq mode-line-modified "-- ")
  (make-local-variable 'mode-line-format)
  (setq mode-line-format (copy-sequence mode-line-format))
  (and (equal (nth 3 mode-line-format) "   ")
       (setcar (nthcdr 3 mode-line-format) ""))
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Summary")
  (make-local-variable 'minor-mode-alist)
  (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
  (use-local-map gnus-summary-mode-map)
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq buffer-read-only t)             ;Disable modification
  (setq truncate-lines t)
  (setq selective-display t)
  (setq selective-display-ellipses t)   ;Display `...'
  (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-summary-clear-local-variables ()
  (let ((locals gnus-summary-local-variables))
    (while locals
      (if (consp (car locals))
          (set (car (car locals)) nil)
        (set (car locals) nil))
      (setq locals (cdr locals)))))

(defun gnus-mouse-pick-article (e)
  (interactive "e")
  (mouse-set-point e)
  (gnus-summary-next-page nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-setup-buffer (group)
  "Initialize summary buffer."
  (let ((buffer (concat "*Summary " group "*")))
    ;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>
    (setq gnus-summary-buffer (set-buffer (get-buffer-create buffer)))
    (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
    (gnus-summary-mode)))

(defun gnus-set-global-variables ()
  ;; Set the global equivalents of the summary buffer-local variables
  ;; to the latest values they had. These reflect the summary buffer
  ;; that was in action when the last article was fetched.
  (if (eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode) 
      (progn
        (setq gnus-summary-buffer (current-buffer))
        (let ((name gnus-newsgroup-name)
              (marked gnus-newsgroup-marked)
              (unread gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
              (headers gnus-current-headers))
          (save-excursion
            (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-name name)
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked marked)
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads unread)
            (setq gnus-current-headers headers))))))

(defun gnus-summary-insert-dummy-line (sformat subject number)
  (if (not sformat) 
      (setq sformat gnus-summary-dummy-line-format-spec))
  (let (b)
    (beginning-of-line)
    (setq b (point))
    (insert (eval sformat))
    (add-text-properties
     b (1+ b)
     (list 'gnus-subject (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject)
           'gnus-number number
           'gnus-mark ?Z
           'gnus-thread 0))))

(defun gnus-summary-insert-line 
  (sformat header level current unread replied expirable subject-or-nil
           &optional dummy score)
  (or sformat (setq sformat gnus-summary-line-format-spec))
  (let* ((indentation 
          (make-string (* level gnus-thread-indent-level) ? ))
         (lines (or (header-lines header) 0))
         (score (or score gnus-summary-default-score 0))
         (score-char (if (or (null gnus-summary-default-score)
                             (= score gnus-summary-default-score)) ? 
                       (if (< score gnus-summary-default-score) 
                           gnus-score-below-mark gnus-score-over-mark)))
         (replied (if replied gnus-replied-mark ? ))
         (from (header-from header))
         (name-address (funcall gnus-extract-address-components from))
         (address (car (cdr name-address)))
         (name (or (car name-address) (car (cdr name-address))))
         (number (header-number header))
         (subject (header-subject header))
         (buffer-read-only nil)
         (opening-bracket (if dummy ?\< ?\[))
         (closing-bracket (if dummy ?\> ?\]))
         b)
    ;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <bedmonds@prodigy.bc.ca>.
    (if (not (numberp lines)) (setq lines 0))
    (beginning-of-line)
    (setq b (point))
    (insert (eval sformat))
    (add-text-properties
     b (1+ b)
     (list 'gnus-subject (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject)
           'gnus-number number
           'gnus-mark (or unread gnus-unread-mark ? )
           'gnus-thread level))))

(defun gnus-summary-update-line (&optional dont-update)
  ;; Update summary line after change.
  (or (not gnus-summary-default-score)
      gnus-summary-inhibit-highlight
      (let ((gnus-summary-inhibit-highlight t)
            (article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
        (progn
          (or dont-update
              (if (and gnus-summary-mark-below
                       (< (gnus-summary-article-score)
                          gnus-summary-mark-below))
                  (and (not (memq article gnus-newsgroup-marked))
                       (not (memq article gnus-newsgroup-dormant))
                       (memq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
                       (gnus-summary-mark-article nil gnus-low-score-mark))
                (and (eq (gnus-summary-article-mark) gnus-low-score-mark)
                     (gnus-summary-mark-article nil gnus-unread-mark))))
          (and gnus-visual
               (run-hooks 'gnus-visual-summary-update-hook))))))

(defun gnus-summary-update-lines ()
  ;; Rehighlight summary buffer according to `gnus-summary-highlight'.
  (and (save-excursion
         (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
         (goto-char (point-min))
         (while (not (eobp))
           (gnus-summary-update-line)
           (forward-line 1)))))

(defun gnus-summary-number-of-articles-in-thread (thread)
  ;; Sum up all elements (and sub-elements) in a list.
  (if (listp thread) 
      (apply '+ (mapcar 'gnus-summary-number-of-articles-in-thread thread))
    1))

(defun gnus-summary-read-group (group &optional show-all no-article kill-buffer)
  "Start reading news in newsgroup GROUP.
If SHOW-ALL is non-nil, already read articles are also listed.
If NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article is selected initially."
  (message "Retrieving newsgroup: %s..." group)
  (gnus-summary-setup-buffer group)
  (if (gnus-select-newsgroup group show-all)
      (progn
        (gnus-set-global-variables)
        ;; You can change the subjects in this hook.
        (run-hooks 'gnus-select-group-hook)
        ;; Do Score Processing.
        (gnus-score-headers)
        ;; Update the format specifiers.
        (gnus-update-format-specifications)
        (gnus-summary-prepare)
        (if (zerop (buffer-size))
            (cond (gnus-newsgroup-dormant
                   (gnus-summary-show-all-dormant))
                  ((and gnus-newsgroup-scored show-all)
                   (gnus-summary-show-all-expunged))))
        ;; Function `gnus-apply-kill-file' must be called in this hook.
        (run-hooks 'gnus-apply-kill-hook)
        (if (zerop (buffer-size))
            (progn
              ;; This newsgroup is empty.
              (gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit nil t) ;Without confirmations.
              (message "No unread news")
              (and kill-buffer
                   (get-buffer kill-buffer)
                   (buffer-name (get-buffer kill-buffer))
                   (kill-buffer kill-buffer)))
          (save-excursion
            (if kill-buffer
                (let ((gnus-summary-buffer kill-buffer))
                  (gnus-configure-windows 'newsgroups t))))
          ;; Hide conversation thread subtrees.  We cannot do this in
          ;; gnus-summary-prepare-hook since kill processing may not
          ;; work with hidden articles.
          (and gnus-show-threads
               gnus-thread-hide-subtree
               (gnus-summary-hide-all-threads))
          ;; Show first unread article if requested.
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (and (not no-article)
                   gnus-auto-select-first
                   (gnus-summary-first-unread-article))
              (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
            (gnus-configure-windows 'summary))
          (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
          (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
          (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
          (if (and kill-buffer
                   (get-buffer kill-buffer)
                   (buffer-name (get-buffer kill-buffer)))
              (kill-buffer kill-buffer))))
    ;; Cannot select newsgroup GROUP.
    (message "Couldn't select newsgroup")
    (and (eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
         (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
    (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)))

(defun gnus-summary-prepare ()
  "Prepare summary list of current newsgroup in summary buffer."
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (erase-buffer)
    (gnus-summary-prepare-threads 
     (if gnus-show-threads
         (gnus-gather-threads 
          (gnus-sort-threads 
           (if gnus-summary-expunge-below
               (gnus-make-threads-and-expunge)
             (gnus-make-threads))))
       gnus-newsgroup-headers)
     0 nil nil t)
    ;; Erase header retrieval message.
    (gnus-summary-update-lines)
    (message "")
    ;; Call hooks for modifying summary buffer.
    ;; Suggested by sven@tde.LTH.Se (Sven Mattisson).
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (run-hooks 'gnus-summary-prepare-hook)))

(defun gnus-gather-threads (threads)
  "Gather threads that have lost their roots."
  (if (not gnus-summary-make-false-root)
      threads 
    (let ((hashtb (gnus-make-hashtable 1023))
          (prev threads)
          (result threads)
          thread subject hthread unre-subject whole-subject)
      (while threads
        (setq subject (header-subject (car (car threads)))
              whole-subject subject)
        (and gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit
             (or (and (numberp gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit)
                      (> (length subject) gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit)
                      (setq subject
                            (substring subject 0 
                                       gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit)))
                 (and (eq 'fuzzy gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit)
                      (setq subject (gnus-simplify-subject-fuzzy subject)))))
        (if (setq hthread 
                  (gnus-gethash 
                   (setq unre-subject (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject))
                   hashtb))
            (progn
              (or (stringp (car (car hthread)))
                  (setcar hthread (list whole-subject (car hthread))))
              (setcdr (car hthread) (nconc (cdr (car hthread)) 
                                           (list (car threads))))
              (setcdr prev (cdr threads))
              (setq threads prev))
          (gnus-sethash unre-subject threads hashtb))
        (setq prev threads)
        (setq threads (cdr threads)))
      result)))

(defun gnus-make-threads ()
  ;; This function takes the dependencies already made by 
  ;; `gnus-get-newsgroup-headers' and builds the trees. First we go
  ;; through the dependecies in the hash table and finds all the
  ;; roots. Roots do not refer back to any valid articles.
  (let (roots)
    (and gnus-fetch-old-headers (eq gnus-headers-retrieved-by 'nov)
         (gnus-build-old-threads))
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (refs)
       (if (not (car (symbol-value refs)))
           (setq roots (append (cdr (symbol-value refs)) roots))
         ;; Ok, these refer back to valid articles, but if
         ;; `gnus-thread-ignore-subject' is nil, we have to check that
         ;; the root has the same subject as its children. The children
         ;; that do not are made into roots and removed from the list
         ;; of children. 
         (or gnus-thread-ignore-subject
             (let* ((prev (symbol-value refs))
                    (subject (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                              (header-subject (car prev))))
                    (headers (cdr prev)))
               (while headers
                 (if (not (string= subject
                                   (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                                    (header-subject (car headers)))))
                     (progn
                       (setq roots (cons (car headers) roots))
                       (setcdr prev (cdr headers)))
                   (setq prev headers))
                 (setq headers (cdr headers)))))))
     gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)
    
    (mapcar 'gnus-trim-thread
            (apply 'append
                   (mapcar 'gnus-cut-thread
                           (mapcar 'gnus-make-sub-thread roots))))))
  
(defun gnus-make-threads-and-expunge ()
  ;; This function takes the dependencies already made by 
  ;; `gnus-get-newsgroup-headers' and builds the trees. First we go
  ;; through the dependecies in the hash table and finds all the
  ;; roots. Roots do not refer back to any valid articles.
  (let (roots)
    (and gnus-fetch-old-headers (eq gnus-headers-retrieved-by 'nov)
         (gnus-build-old-threads))
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (refs)
       (if (not (car (symbol-value refs)))
           (if (and gnus-summary-expunge-below
                    (not gnus-fetch-old-headers))
               (let ((headers (cdr (symbol-value refs))))
                 (while headers
                  (if (not (< (or (cdr (assq (header-number (car headers))
                                             gnus-newsgroup-scored))
                                  gnus-summary-default-score 0)
                              gnus-summary-expunge-below))
                      (setq roots (cons (car headers) roots))
                    (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                          (delq (header-number (car headers))
                                gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
                  (setq headers (cdr headers))))
             (setq roots (append (cdr (symbol-value refs)) roots)))
         ;; Ok, these refer back to valid articles, but if
         ;; `gnus-thread-ignore-subject' is nil, we have to check that
         ;; the root has the same subject as its children. The children
         ;; that do not are made into roots and removed from the list
         ;; of children. 
         (or gnus-thread-ignore-subject
             (let* ((prev (symbol-value refs))
                    (subject (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                              (header-subject (car prev))))
                    (headers (cdr prev)))
               (while headers
                 (if (not (string= subject
                                   (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                                    (header-subject (car headers)))))
                     (progn
                       (setq roots (cons (car headers) roots))
                       (setcdr prev (cdr headers)))
                   (setq prev headers))
                 (setq headers (cdr headers)))))
         (and gnus-summary-expunge-below
              (not gnus-fetch-old-headers)
              (let* ((prev (symbol-value refs))
                     (headers (cdr prev))
                     id)
                (while headers
                  (if (not (< (or (cdr (assq (header-number (car headers))
                                             gnus-newsgroup-scored))
                                  gnus-summary-default-score 0)
                              gnus-summary-expunge-below))
                      (setq prev (cdr prev))
                    (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads 
                          (delq (header-number (car headers))
                                gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                    (setcdr prev (cdr headers))
                    (setq id (gnus-gethash (header-id (car headers))
                                           gnus-newsgroup-dependencies))
                    (let ((h (cdr id)))
                      (while h
                        (if (not (< (or (cdr (assq (header-number (car h))
                                                   gnus-newsgroup-scored))
                                        gnus-summary-default-score 0)
                                    gnus-summary-expunge-below))
                            (setq roots (cons (car h) roots)))
                        (setq h (cdr h)))))
                  (setq headers (cdr headers)))))))
     gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)
    
    (mapcar 'gnus-trim-thread
            (apply 'append
                   (mapcar 'gnus-cut-thread
                           (mapcar 'gnus-make-sub-thread roots))))))
  
(defun gnus-cut-thread (thread)
  ;; Remove leaf dormant or ancient articles from THREAD.
  (let ((head (car thread))
        (tail (apply 'append (mapcar 'gnus-cut-thread (cdr thread)))))
    (if (and (null tail)
             (let ((number (header-number head)))
               (or (memq number gnus-newsgroup-ancient)
                   (memq number gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
                   (and gnus-summary-expunge-below
                        (eq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
                        (< (or (cdr (assq number gnus-newsgroup-scored))
                               gnus-summary-default-score 0)
                           gnus-summary-expunge-below)
                        (progn
                          (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                                (delq number gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                          t)))))
        nil
      (list (cons head tail)))))

(defun gnus-trim-thread (thread)
  ;; Remove root ancient articles with only one child from THREAD.
  (if (and (eq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
           (memq (header-number (car thread)) gnus-newsgroup-ancient)
           (= (length thread) 2))
      (gnus-trim-thread (nth 1 thread))
    thread))

(defun gnus-make-sub-thread (root)
  ;; This function makes a sub-tree for a node in the tree.
  (let ((children (reverse (cdr (gnus-gethash (downcase (header-id root))
                                              gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)))))
    (cons root (mapcar 'gnus-make-sub-thread children))))

(defun gnus-build-old-threads ()
  ;; Look at all the articles that refer back to old articles, and
  ;; fetch the headers for the articles that aren't there. This will
  ;; build complete threads - if the roots haven't been expired by the
  ;; server, that is.
  (let (id heads)
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (refs)
       (if (not (car (symbol-value refs)))
           (progn
             (setq heads (cdr (symbol-value refs)))
             (while heads
               (if (not (memq (header-number (car heads))
                              gnus-newsgroup-dormant))
                   (progn
                     (setq id (symbol-name refs))
                     (while (and (setq id (gnus-build-get-header id))
                                 (not (car (gnus-gethash 
                                            id gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)))))
                     (setq heads nil))
                 (setq heads (cdr heads)))))))
     gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)))

(defun gnus-build-get-header (id)
  ;; Look through the buffer of NOV lines and find the header to
  ;; ID. Enter this line into the dependencies hash table, and return
  ;; the id of the parent article (if any).
  (let ((deps gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)
        found header)
    (prog1
        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (while (and (not found) (search-forward id nil t))
            (beginning-of-line)
            (setq found (looking-at (format "^[^\t]*\t[^\t]*\t[^\t]*\t[^\t]*\t%s"
                                            (regexp-quote id))))
            (or found (beginning-of-line 2)))
          (if found
              (let (ref)
                (beginning-of-line)
                (and
                 (setq header (gnus-nov-parse-line 
                               (read (current-buffer)) deps))
                 (setq ref (header-references header))
                 (string-match "\\(<[^>]+>\\) *$" ref)
                 (substring ref (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))))
      (and header
           (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers (cons header gnus-newsgroup-headers)
                 gnus-newsgroup-ancient (cons (header-number header)
                                              gnus-newsgroup-ancient))))))

(defun gnus-sort-threads (threads)
  ;; Sort threads as specified in `gnus-thread-sort-functions'.
  (let ((fun gnus-thread-sort-functions))
    (while fun
      (setq threads (sort threads (car fun))
            fun (cdr fun))))
  threads)

(defun gnus-thread-header (thread)
  ;; Return header of first article in THREAD.
  (if (consp thread)
      (if (stringp (car thread))
          (car (car (cdr thread)))
        (car thread))
    thread))

(defun gnus-thread-sort-by-number (h1 h2)
  "Sort threads by root article number."
  (let ((h1 (gnus-thread-header h1))
        (h2 (gnus-thread-header h2)))
    (< (header-number h1) (header-number h2))))

(defun gnus-thread-sort-by-author (h1 h2)
  "Sort threads by root author."
  (let ((h1 (gnus-thread-header h1))
        (h2 (gnus-thread-header h2)))
    (string-lessp
     (let ((extract (funcall 
                     gnus-extract-address-components (header-from h1))))
       (or (car extract) (cdr extract)))
     (let ((extract (funcall
                     gnus-extract-address-components (header-from h2))))
       (or (car extract) (cdr extract))))))

(defun gnus-thread-sort-by-subject (h1 h2)
  "Sort threads by root subject."
  (let ((h1 (gnus-thread-header h1))
        (h2 (gnus-thread-header h2)))
    (string-lessp
     (downcase (gnus-simplify-subject (header-subject h1)))
     (downcase (gnus-simplify-subject (header-subject h2))))))

(defun gnus-thread-sort-by-date (h1 h2)
  "Sort threads by root article date."
  (let ((h1 (gnus-thread-header h1))
        (h2 (gnus-thread-header h2)))
    (string-lessp
     (gnus-sortable-date (header-date h1))
     (gnus-sortable-date (header-date h2)))))

(defun gnus-thread-sort-by-score (h1 h2)
  "Sort threads by root article score.
Unscored articles will be counted as havin a score of zero."
  (let ((h1 (gnus-thread-header h1))
        (h2 (gnus-thread-header h2)))
    (let ((s1 (assq (header-number h1) gnus-newsgroup-scored))
          (s2 (assq (header-number h2) gnus-newsgroup-scored)))
      (> (or (cdr s1) gnus-summary-default-score 0)
         (or (cdr s2) gnus-summary-default-score 0)))))

(defun gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score (h1 h2)
  "Sort threads by the sum of all scores in the thread.
Unscored articles will be counted as havin a score of zero."
  (> (gnus-thread-total-score h1) (gnus-thread-total-score h2)))

(defun gnus-thread-total-score (thread)
  ;;  This function find the total score of  THREAD.
  (if (consp thread)
      (if (stringp (car thread))
          (apply gnus-thread-score-function 0
                 (mapcar 'gnus-thread-total-score-1 (cdr thread)))
        (gnus-thread-total-score-1 thread))
    (gnus-thread-total-score-1 (list thread))))

(defun gnus-thread-total-score-1 (root)
  ;; This function find the total score of the thread below ROOT.
  (setq root (car root))
  (apply gnus-thread-score-function
         (or (cdr (assq (header-number root) gnus-newsgroup-scored))
             gnus-summary-default-score 0)
         (mapcar 'gnus-thread-total-score
                 (cdr (gnus-gethash (downcase (header-id root))
                                    gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)))))

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defvar gnus-tmp-prev-subject "")

;; Basic ideas by Paul Dworkin <paul@media-lab.media.mit.edu>.
(defun gnus-summary-prepare-threads 
  (threads level &optional not-child no-subject cull)
  "Prepare summary buffer from THREADS and indentation LEVEL.  
THREADS is either a list of `(PARENT [(CHILD1 [(GRANDCHILD ...]...) ...])'  
or a straight list of headers."
  (let (thread header number subject clevel)
    (while threads
      (setq thread (car threads)
            threads (cdr threads))
      ;; If `thread' is a cons, hierarchical threads are used.  If not,
      ;; `thread' is the header.
      (if (consp thread)
          (setq header (car thread))
        (setq header thread)
        (and cull
             (or (memq (setq number (header-number header))
                       gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
                 (and gnus-summary-expunge-below
                      (< (or (cdr (assq number gnus-newsgroup-scored))
                             gnus-summary-default-score 0)
                         gnus-summary-expunge-below)))
             (progn
               (setq header nil)
               (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads 
                     (delq number gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))))
      (cond 
       ((stringp header)
        ;; The header is a dummy root.
        (cond ((eq gnus-summary-make-false-root 'adopt)
               ;; We let the first article adopt the rest.
               (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list (car (cdr thread))) 0)
               (setq thread (cdr (cdr thread)))
               (while thread
                 (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list (car thread)) 1 t)
                 (setq thread (cdr thread))))
              ((eq gnus-summary-make-false-root 'dummy)
               ;; We output a dummy root.
               (gnus-summary-insert-dummy-line 
                nil header (header-number (car (car (cdr thread)))))
               (setq clevel 1))
              ((eq gnus-summary-make-false-root 'empty)
               ;; We print the articles with empty subject fields. 
               (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list (car (cdr thread))) 0)
               (setq thread (cdr (cdr thread)))
               (while thread
                 (gnus-summary-prepare-threads 
                  (list (car thread)) 0 nil
                  (not (and (eq gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit 'fuzzy)
                            (not (string=  
                                  (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                                   (header-subject (car (car thread))))
                                  (gnus-simplify-subject-re header))))))
                 (setq thread (cdr thread))))
              (t
               ;; We do not make a root for the gathered
               ;; sub-threads at all.  
               (setq clevel 0)))
        ;; Print the sub-threads.
        (and (consp thread) (cdr thread)
             (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (cdr thread) clevel)))
       ;; The header is a real article.
       (header
        (setq number (header-number header)
              subject (header-subject header))
        (gnus-summary-insert-line
         nil header level nil 
         (cond ((memq number gnus-newsgroup-marked) gnus-ticked-mark)
               ((memq number gnus-newsgroup-dormant) gnus-dormant-mark)
               ((memq number gnus-newsgroup-unreads) gnus-unread-mark)
               ((memq number gnus-newsgroup-expirable) gnus-expirable-mark)
               (t gnus-ancient-mark))
         (memq number gnus-newsgroup-replied)
         (memq number gnus-newsgroup-expirable)
         (if no-subject 
             gnus-summary-same-subject
           (if (or (zerop level)
                   (and gnus-thread-ignore-subject
                        (not (string= 
                              (gnus-simplify-subject-re gnus-tmp-prev-subject)
                              (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject)))))
               subject
             gnus-summary-same-subject))
         not-child
         (cdr (assq number gnus-newsgroup-scored)))
        (setq gnus-tmp-prev-subject subject)
        ;; Recursively print subthreads.
        (and (consp thread) (cdr thread)
             (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (cdr thread) (1+ level))))))))

(defun gnus-select-newsgroup (group &optional read-all)
  "Select newsgroup GROUP.
If READ-ALL is non-nil, all articles in the group are selected."
  (let* ((entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
         (info (nth 2 entry))
         articles header-marks)
    (and (eq (car entry) t)
         (or (gnus-activate-newsgroup (car info))
             (progn
               (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
               (error "Couldn't request group %s: %s" 
                      group (gnus-status-message group)))))
    (setq gnus-current-select-method (or (nth 4 info) gnus-select-method))
    (gnus-check-news-server (nth 4 info))
    (or (gnus-request-group group t)
        (progn
          (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
          (error "Couldn't request group %s: %s" 
                 group (gnus-status-message group))))

    (setq gnus-newsgroup-name group)
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected nil)
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads (gnus-list-of-unread-articles group))

    (if (not (setq articles (gnus-articles-to-read group read-all)))
        nil
      ;; Init the dependencies hash table.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-dependencies 
            (gnus-make-hashtable (length articles)))
      ;; Retrieve the headers and read them in.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers 
            (if (eq 'nov (setq gnus-headers-retrieved-by
                               (gnus-retrieve-headers 
                                (if gnus-fetch-old-headers 
                                    (cons 1 articles) articles) 
                                gnus-newsgroup-name)))
                (progn
                  (gnus-get-newsgroup-headers-xover articles))
              (gnus-get-newsgroup-headers)))
      ;; If we were to fetch old headers, but the backend didn't
      ;; support XOVER, then it is possible we fetched one article
      ;; that we shouldn't have. If that's the case, we pop it off the
      ;; list of headers.
      (and (not (eq gnus-headers-retrieved-by 'nov))
           gnus-fetch-old-headers
           gnus-newsgroup-headers
           (/= (header-number (car gnus-newsgroup-headers)) (car articles))
           (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers (cdr gnus-newsgroup-headers)))
      ;; Remove cancelled articles from the list of unread articles.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
            (gnus-set-sorted-intersection 
             gnus-newsgroup-unreads
             (mapcar (lambda (headers) (header-number headers))
                     gnus-newsgroup-headers)))
      ;; Adjust and set lists of article marks.
      (and info
           (let (marked)
             (gnus-adjust-marked-articles info)
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked 
                   (cdr (assq 'tick (setq marked (nth 3 info)))))
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-replied (cdr (assq 'reply marked)))
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable (cdr (assq 'expire marked)))
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-killed (cdr (assq 'killed marked)))
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks (cdr (assq 'bookmark marked)))
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-scored (cdr (assq 'score marked)))
             (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable nil)))
      ;; Check whether auto-expire is to be done in this group.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire
            (or (and (stringp gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups)
                     (string-match gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups group))
                (memq 'auto-expire gnus-current-select-method)))
      ;; First and last article in this newsgroup.
      (and gnus-newsgroup-headers
           (setq gnus-newsgroup-begin 
                 (header-number (car gnus-newsgroup-headers)))
           (setq gnus-newsgroup-end
                 (header-number (gnus-last-element gnus-newsgroup-headers))))
      (setq gnus-reffed-article-number -1)
      ;; GROUP is successfully selected.
      (or gnus-newsgroup-headers t))))

(defun gnus-articles-to-read (group read-all)
  ;; Find out what articles the user wants to read.
  (let* ((articles
          ;; Select all articles if `read-all' is non-nil, or if all the
          ;; unread articles are dormant articles.
          (if (or read-all
                  (= (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads) 
                     (length gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))
              (gnus-uncompress-range 
               (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
            gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
         (scored-list (gnus-killed-articles gnus-newsgroup-killed articles))
         (scored (length scored-list))
         (number (length articles))
         (marked (+ (length gnus-newsgroup-marked)
                    (length gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))
         (select
          (condition-case ()
              (cond ((and (or (<= scored marked)
                              (= scored number))
                          (numberp gnus-large-newsgroup)
                          (> number gnus-large-newsgroup))
                     (let ((input
                            (read-string
                             (format
                              "How many articles from %s (default %d): "
                              gnus-newsgroup-name number))))
                       (if (string-equal input "")
                           number input)))
                    ((and (> scored marked) (< scored number))
                     (let ((input
                            (read-string
                             (format 
                              "%s %s (%d scored, %d total): "
                              "How many articles from"
                              group scored number))))
                       (if (string-equal input "")
                           number input)))
                    (t number))
            (quit 0)))
         total-articles)
    (setq select (if (numberp select) select (string-to-number select)))
    (if (zerop select)
        ()
      (if (and (not (zerop scored)) (<= (abs select) scored))
          (progn
            (setq articles (sort scored-list '<))
            (setq number (length articles)))
        (setq articles (copy-sequence articles)))

      (setq total-articles articles)
      
      (if (< (abs select) number)
          (if (< select 0) 
              ;; Select the N oldest articles.
              (setcdr (nthcdr (1- (abs select)) articles) nil)
            ;; Select the N most recent articles.
            (setq articles (nthcdr (- number select) articles))))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected
            (gnus-sorted-intersection
             gnus-newsgroup-unreads
             (gnus-sorted-complement gnus-newsgroup-unreads articles)))
      articles)))

(defun gnus-killed-articles (killed articles)
  (let (out)
    (while articles
      (if (inline (gnus-member-of-range (car articles) killed))
          (setq out (cons (car articles) out)))
      (setq articles (cdr articles)))
    out))

(defun gnus-adjust-marked-articles (info &optional active)
  "Remove all marked articles that are no longer legal."
  (let ((marked-lists (nth 3 info))
        (active (or active (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-active-hashtb)))
        marked m prev)
    ;; There are many types of marked articles.
    (while marked-lists
      (setq m (cdr (setq prev (car marked-lists))))
      (cond ((or (eq 'tick (car prev)) (eq 'dormant (car prev)))
             ;; Make sure that all ticked articles are a subset of the
             ;; unread/unselected articles.
             (while m
               (if (or (memq (car m) gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
                       (memq (car m) gnus-newsgroup-unselected))
                   (setq prev m)
                 (setcdr prev (cdr m)))
               (setq m (cdr m))))
            ((eq 'score (car prev))
             ;; Scored articles should be a subset of
             ;; unread/unselected articles. 
             (while m
               (if (or (memq (car (car m)) gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
                       (memq (car (car m)) gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                   (setq prev m)
                 (setcdr prev (cdr m)))
               (setq m (cdr m))))
            ((eq 'bookmark (car prev))
             ;; Bookmarks should be a subset of active articles.
             (while m
               (if (< (car (car m)) (car active))
                   (setcdr prev (cdr m))
                 (setq prev m))
               (setq m (cdr m))))
            ((eq 'killed (car prev))
             ;; Articles that have been through the kill process are
             ;; to be a subset of active articles.
             (while (and m (< (or (and (numberp (car m)) (car m))
                                  (cdr (car m)))
                              (car active)))
               (setcdr prev (cdr m))
               (setq m (cdr m)))
             (if (and m (< (or (and (numberp (car m)) (car m))
                               (car (car m)))
                           (car active))) 
                 (setcar (if (numberp (car m)) m (car m)) (car active))))
            ((or (eq 'reply (car prev)) (eq 'expire (car prev)))
             ;; The replied and expirable articles have to be articles
             ;; that are active. 
             (while m
               (if (< (car m) (car active))
                   (setcdr prev (cdr m))
                 (setq prev m))
               (setq m (cdr m)))))
      (setq marked-lists (cdr marked-lists)))
    ;; Remove all lists that are empty.
    (setq marked-lists (nth 3 info))
    (if marked-lists
        (progn
          (while (= 1 (length (car marked-lists)))
            (setq marked-lists (cdr marked-lists)))
          (setq m (cdr (setq prev marked-lists)))
          (while m
            (if (= 1 (length (car m)))
                (setcdr prev (cdr m))
              (setq prev m))
            (setq m (cdr m)))
          (setcar (nthcdr 3 info) marked-lists)))
    ;; Finally, if there are no marked lists at all left, and if there
    ;; are no elements after the lists in the info list, we just chop
    ;; the info list off before the marked lists.
    (and (null marked-lists) 
         (not (nthcdr 4 info))
         (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info) nil)))
  info)

(defun gnus-set-marked-articles 
  (info ticked replied expirable killed dormant bookmark score) 
  "Enter the various lists of marked articles into the newsgroup info list."
  (let (newmarked)
    (and ticked (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'tick ticked) nil)))
    (and replied (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'reply replied) newmarked)))
    (and expirable (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'expire expirable) 
                                         newmarked)))
    (and killed (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'killed killed) newmarked)))
    (and dormant (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'dormant dormant) newmarked)))
    (and bookmark (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'bookmark bookmark) 
                                        newmarked)))
    (and score (setq newmarked (cons (cons 'score score) newmarked)))
    (if (nthcdr 3 info)
        (if newmarked
            (setcar (nthcdr 3 info) newmarked)
          (if (not (nthcdr 4 info))
              (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info) nil)
            (setcar (nthcdr 3 info) nil)))
      (if newmarked
          (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info) (cons newmarked nil))))))

(defun gnus-add-marked-articles (group type articles &optional info force)
  ;; Add ARTICLES of TYPE to the info of GROUP.
  ;; If INFO is non-nil, use that info. If FORCE is non-nil, don't
  ;; add, but replace marked articles of TYPE with ARTICLES.
  (let ((info (or info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
        marked m)
    (or (not info)
        (and (not (setq marked (nthcdr 3 info)))
             (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info) (list (list (cons type articles)))))
        (and (not (setq m (assq type (car marked))))
             (setcar marked (cons (cons type articles) (car marked))))
        (if force
            (setcdr m articles)
          (nconc m articles)))))
         
(defun gnus-set-mode-line (where)
  "This function sets the mode line of the article or summary buffers.
If WHERE is `summary', the summary mode line format will be used."
  (if (memq where gnus-updated-mode-lines)
      (let (mode-string)
        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
          (let* ((mformat (if (eq where 'article) 
                              gnus-article-mode-line-format-spec
                            gnus-summary-mode-line-format-spec))
                 (group-name gnus-newsgroup-name)
                 (article-number (or gnus-current-article 0))
                 (unread (- (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
                            (length gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))
                 (unread-and-unticked 
                  (- unread (length gnus-newsgroup-marked)))
                 (unselected (length gnus-newsgroup-unselected))
                 (unread-and-unselected
                  (cond ((and (zerop unread-and-unticked)
                              (zerop unselected)) "")
                        ((zerop unselected) 
                         (format "{%d more}" unread-and-unticked))
                        (t (format "{%d(+%d) more}"
                                   unread-and-unticked unselected))))
                 (subject
                  (if gnus-current-headers
                      (header-subject gnus-current-headers) ""))
                 (max-len (- (frame-width) gnus-mode-non-string-length)))
            (setq mode-string (eval mformat))
            (if (> (length mode-string) max-len) 
                (setq mode-string 
                      (concat (substring mode-string 0 (- max-len 3)) "...")))
            (setq mode-string (format (format "%%-%ds" max-len 5)
                                      mode-string))))
        (setq mode-line-buffer-identification mode-string)
        (set-buffer-modified-p t))))

(defun gnus-create-xref-hashtb (from-newsgroup headers unreads)
  "Go through the HEADERS list and add all Xrefs to a hash table.
The resulting hash table is returned, or nil if no Xrefs were found."
  (let* ((from-method (gnus-find-method-for-group from-newsgroup))
         (prefix (if (and 
                      (gnus-group-foreign-p from-newsgroup)
                      (not (memq 'virtual 
                                 (assoc (symbol-name (car from-method))
                                        gnus-valid-select-methods))))
                     (gnus-group-real-prefix from-newsgroup)))
         (xref-hashtb (make-vector 63 0))
         start group entry number xrefs header)
    (while headers
      (setq header (car headers))
      (if (and (setq xrefs (header-xref header))
               (not (memq (header-number header) unreads)))
          (progn
            (setq start 0)
            (while (string-match "\\([^ ]+\\):\\([0-9]+\\)" xrefs start)
              (setq start (match-end 0))
              (setq group (concat prefix (substring xrefs (match-beginning 1) 
                                                    (match-end 1))))
              (setq number 
                    (string-to-int (substring xrefs (match-beginning 2) 
                                              (match-end 2))))
              (if (setq entry (gnus-gethash group xref-hashtb))
                  (setcdr entry (cons number (cdr entry)))
                (gnus-sethash group (cons number nil) xref-hashtb)))))
      (setq headers (cdr headers)))
    (if start xref-hashtb nil)))

(defun gnus-mark-xrefs-as-read (from-newsgroup headers unreads expirable)
  "Look through all the headers and mark the Xrefs as read."
  (let ((virtual (memq 'virtual 
                       (assoc (symbol-name (car (gnus-find-method-for-group 
                                                 from-newsgroup)))
                              gnus-valid-select-methods)))
        name entry read info xref-hashtb idlist active num range exps method)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (if (setq xref-hashtb 
                (gnus-create-xref-hashtb from-newsgroup headers unreads))
          (mapatoms 
           (lambda (group)
             (if (string= from-newsgroup (setq name (symbol-name group)))
                 ()
               (setq idlist (symbol-value group))
               ;; Dead groups are not updated.
               (if (and (setq entry (gnus-gethash name gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                              info (nth 2 entry))
                        ;; Only do the xrefs if the group has the same
                        ;; select method as the group we have just read.
                        (or (gnus-methods-equal-p 
                             (nth 4 info)
                             (gnus-find-method-for-group from-newsgroup))
                            virtual
                            (equal (nth 4 info) 
                                   (setq method (gnus-find-method-for-group 
                                                 from-newsgroup)))
                            (and (equal (car (nth 4 info)) (car method))
                                 (equal (nth 1 (nth 4 info)) (nth 1 method))))
                        gnus-use-cross-reference
                        (or (not (eq gnus-use-cross-reference t))
                            virtual
                            ;; Only do cross-references on subscribed
                            ;; groups, if that is what is wanted.  
                            (<= (nth 1 info) 5)))
                   (progn
                     (setq num 0)
                     ;; Set the new list of read articles in this group.
                     (setq active (gnus-gethash name gnus-active-hashtb))
                     ;; First peel off all illegal article numbers.
                     (if active
                         (let ((ids idlist)
                               (ticked (cdr (assq 'tick (nth 3 info))))
                               (dormant (cdr (assq 'dormant (nth 3 info))))
                               id)
                           (setq exps nil)
                           (while ids
                             (setq id (car ids))
                             (if (or (> id (cdr active))
                                     (< id (car active))
                                     (memq id ticked)
                                     (memq id dormant))
                                 (setq idlist (delq id idlist)))
                             (and (memq id expirable)
                                  (setq exps (cons id exps)))
                             (setq ids (cdr ids)))))
                     ;; Update expirable articles.
                     (gnus-add-marked-articles nil 'expirable exps info)
                     (and (null (nth 2 info))
                          (> (car active) 1)
                          (setcar (nthcdr 2 info) (cons 1 (1- (car active)))))
                     (setcar (nthcdr 2 info)
                             (setq range
                                   (gnus-add-to-range 
                                    (nth 2 info) 
                                    (setq idlist (sort idlist '<)))))
                     ;; Then we have to re-compute how many unread
                     ;; articles there are in this group.
                     (if active
                         (progn
                           (cond 
                            ((not range)
                             (setq num (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active))))
                            ((not (listp (cdr range)))
                             (setq num (- (cdr active) (- (1+ (cdr range)) 
                                                          (car range)))))
                            (t
                             (while range
                               (if (numberp (car range))
                                   (setq num (1+ num))
                                 (setq num (+ num (- (1+ (cdr (car range)))
                                                     (car (car range))))))
                               (setq range (cdr range)))
                             (setq num (- (cdr active) num))))
                           ;; Update the number of unread articles.
                           (setcar 
                            entry 
                            (max 0 (- num 
                                      (length (cdr (assq 'tick (nth 3 info))))
                                      (length 
                                       (cdr (assq 'dormant (nth 3 info)))))))
                           ;; Update the group buffer.
                           (gnus-group-update-group name t)))))))
           xref-hashtb)))))

(defun gnus-methods-equal-p (m1 m2)
  (let ((m1 (or m1 gnus-select-method))
        (m2 (or m2 gnus-select-method)))
    (or (equal m1 m2)
        (and (eq (car m1) (car m2))
             (or (not (memq 'address (assoc (symbol-name (car m1))
                                            gnus-valid-select-methods)))
                 (equal (nth 1 m1) (nth 1 m2)))))))

(defsubst gnus-header-value ()
  (buffer-substring (match-end 0) (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point))))

(defun gnus-get-newsgroup-headers ()
  (setq gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook nil)
  (let ((cur nntp-server-buffer)
        (dependencies gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)
        (none-id 0)
        headers char article id dep end)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
      (goto-char 1)
      ;; Search to the beginning of the next header. Error messages
      ;; do not begin with 2 or 3.
      (while (re-search-forward "^[23][0-9]+ " nil t)
        (let ((header (make-vector 9 nil))
              (c (following-char))
              (case-fold-search t)
              (p (point))
              from subject in-reply-to references ref)
          (setq id nil
                ref nil
                references nil
                subject nil
                from nil)
          (header-set-number header (setq article (read cur)))
          ;; This implementation of this function, with nine
          ;; search-forwards instead of the one re-search-forward and
          ;; a case (which basically was the old function) is actually
          ;; about twice as fast, even though it looks messier. You
          ;; can't have everything, I guess. Speed and elegance
          ;; doesn't always come hand in hand.
          (save-restriction
            (narrow-to-region (point) (save-excursion 
                                        (search-forward "\n.\n" nil t)))
            (if (search-forward "\nfrom: " nil t)
                (header-set-from header (gnus-header-value))
              (header-set-from header "(nobody)"))
            (goto-char p)
            (if (search-forward "\nsubject: " nil t)
                (header-set-subject header (gnus-header-value))
              (header-set-subject header "(none)"))
            (goto-char p)
            (and (search-forward "\nxref: " nil t)
                 (header-set-xref header (gnus-header-value)))
            (goto-char p)
            (and (search-forward "\nlines: " nil t)
                 (header-set-lines header (read cur)))
            (goto-char p)
            (and (search-forward "\ndate: " nil t)
                 (header-set-date header (gnus-header-value)))
            (goto-char p)
            (if (search-forward "\nmessage-id: " nil t)
                (header-set-id header (setq id (gnus-header-value)))
              ;; If there was no message-id, we just fake one to make
              ;; subsequent routines simpler.
              (header-set-id 
               header 
               (setq id (concat "none+" (int-to-string 
                                         (setq none-id (1+ none-id)))))))
            (goto-char p)
            (if (search-forward "\nreferences: " nil t)
                (progn
                  (header-set-references header (gnus-header-value))
                  (setq end (match-end 0))
                  (save-excursion
                    (setq ref 
                          (downcase
                           (buffer-substring
                            (progn 
                              (end-of-line)
                              (search-backward ">" end t)
                              (1+ (point)))
                            (progn
                              (search-backward "<" end t)
                              (point)))))))
              ;; Get the references from the in-reply-to header if there
              ;; ware no references and the in-reply-to header looks
              ;; promising. 
              (if (and (search-forward "\nin-reply-to: " nil t)
                       (setq in-reply-to (gnus-header-value))
                       (string-match "<[^>]+>" in-reply-to))
                  (progn
                    (header-set-references 
                     header 
                     (setq ref (substring in-reply-to (match-beginning 0)
                                          (match-end 0))))
                    (setq ref (downcase ref)))
                (setq ref "none")))
            ;; We do some threading while we read the headers. The
            ;; message-id and the last reference are both entered into
            ;; the same hash table. Some tippy-toeing around has to be
            ;; done in case an article has arrived before the article
            ;; which it refers to.
            (if (boundp (setq dep (intern (downcase id) dependencies)))
                (if (car (symbol-value dep))
                    ;; An article with this Message-ID has already
                    ;; been seen, so we ignore this one, except we add
                    ;; any additional Xrefs (in case the two articles
                    ;; came from different servers.
                    (progn
                      (header-set-xref 
                       (car (symbol-value dep))
                       (concat (or (header-xref (car (symbol-value dep))) "")
                               (or (header-xref header) "")))
                      (setq header nil))
                  (setcar (symbol-value dep) header))
              (set dep (list header)))
            (if header
                (progn
                  (if (boundp (setq dep (intern ref dependencies)))
                      (setcdr (symbol-value dep) 
                              (cons header (cdr (symbol-value dep))))
                    (set dep (list nil header)))
                  (setq headers (cons header headers))))
            (goto-char (point-max))))))
    (nreverse headers)))

;; The following macros and functions were written by Felix Lee
;; <flee@cse.psu.edu>. 

;; This is almost 4x faster than (string-to-int (buffer-substring ... ))
;; primarily because of garbage collection.  -jwz
(defmacro gnus-read-integer (&optional point move-p)
  (` ((, (if move-p 'progn 'save-excursion))
      (,@ (if point (list (list 'goto-char point))))
      (if (and (<= (following-char) ?9)
               (>= (following-char) ?0))
          (read (current-buffer))
        0))))

(defmacro gnus-nov-skip-field ()
  '(search-forward "\t" eol 'end))

(defmacro gnus-nov-field ()
  '(buffer-substring
    (point)
    (progn (gnus-nov-skip-field) (1- (point)))))

;; Goes through the xover lines and returns a list of vectors
(defun gnus-get-newsgroup-headers-xover (sequence)
  "Parse the news overview data in the server buffer, and return a
list of headers that match SEQUENCE (see `nntp-retrieve-headers')."
  ;; Get the Xref when the users reads the articles since most/some
  ;; NNTP servers do not include Xrefs when using XOVER.
  (setq gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook '(gnus-article-get-xrefs))
  (let ((cur nntp-server-buffer)
        (dependencies gnus-newsgroup-dependencies)
        (none 0)
        number headers header)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (and sequence (not (eobp)))
        (setq number (read cur))
        (while (and sequence (< (car sequence) number))
          (setq sequence (cdr sequence)))
        (and sequence 
             (eq number (car sequence))
             (progn
               (setq sequence (cdr sequence))
               (if (setq header 
                         (inline (gnus-nov-parse-line number dependencies)))
                   (setq headers (cons header headers)))))
        (forward-line 1))
      (setq headers (nreverse headers)))
    headers))

(defun gnus-nov-parse-line (number dependencies)
  "Point has to be after the number on the beginning of the line."
  (let ((none 0)
        header eol ref id dep)
    (save-excursion
      (end-of-line)
      (setq eol (point)))
    (forward-char)
    ;; overview: [num subject from date id refs chars lines misc]
    (save-restriction
      (narrow-to-region (point) eol)
      (condition-case nil
          (setq header
                (vector 
                 number                 ; number
                 (gnus-nov-field)       ; subject
                 (gnus-nov-field)       ; from
                 (gnus-nov-field)       ; date
                 (setq id (or (gnus-nov-field)
                              (concat "none+"
                                     (int-to-string 
                                      (setq none (1+ none)))))) ; id
                 (progn
                   (save-excursion
                     (let ((beg (point)))
                       (search-forward "\t" eol)
                       (if (search-backward ">" beg t)
                           (setq ref 
                                 (downcase 
                                  (buffer-substring 
                                   (1+ (point))
                                   (progn
                                     (search-backward "<" beg t)
                                     (point)))))
                         (setq ref nil))))
                   (gnus-nov-field))    ; refs
                 (read (current-buffer)) ; chars
                 (read (current-buffer)) ; lines
                 (if (/= (following-char) ?\t)
                     nil
                   (forward-char 1)
                   (gnus-nov-field))    ; misc
                 ))
        (error (progn 
                 (setq header nil)
                 (goto-char eol)))))
    ;; We build the thread tree.
    (and header
         (if (boundp (setq dep (intern (downcase id) dependencies)))
             (if (car (symbol-value dep))
                 ;; An article with this Message-ID has already been seen,
                 ;; so we ignore this one, except we add any additional
                 ;; Xrefs (in case the two articles came from different
                 ;; servers.
                 (progn
                   (header-set-xref 
                    (car (symbol-value dep))
                    (concat (or (header-xref (car (symbol-value dep))) "")
                            (or (header-xref header) "")))
                   (setq header nil))
               (setcar (symbol-value dep) header))
           (set dep (list header))))
    (if header
        (progn
          (if (boundp (setq dep (intern (or ref "none") 
                                        dependencies)))
              (setcdr (symbol-value dep) 
                      (cons header (cdr (symbol-value dep))))
            (set dep (list nil header)))))
    header))

(defun gnus-article-get-xrefs ()
  "Fill in the Xref value in `gnus-current-headers', if necessary.
This is meant to be called in `gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook'."
  (or (not gnus-use-cross-reference)
      (header-xref gnus-current-headers)
      (let ((case-fold-search t)
            xref)
        (save-restriction
          (gnus-narrow-to-headers)
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (or (and (eq (downcase (following-char)) ?x)
                       (looking-at "Xref:"))
                  (search-forward "\nXref:" nil t))
              (progn
                (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))
                (setq xref (buffer-substring (point) 
                                             (progn (end-of-line) (point))))
                (save-excursion
                  (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                  (header-set-xref gnus-current-headers xref))))))))

(defalias 'gnus-find-header-by-number 'gnus-get-header-by-number)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-find-header-by-number 'gnus-get-header-by-number)

;; Return a header specified by a NUMBER.
(defun gnus-get-header-by-number (number)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (or gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
        (gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number))
    (gnus-gethash (int-to-string number)
                  gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)))

(defun gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number ()
  "Make hashtable for the variable gnus-newsgroup-headers by number."
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (let ((headers gnus-newsgroup-headers)
          header)
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
            (gnus-make-hashtable (length headers)))
      (while headers
        (setq header (car headers))
        (gnus-sethash (int-to-string (header-number header))
                      header gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)
        (setq headers (cdr headers))))))

(defun gnus-more-header-backward ()
  "Find new header backward."
  (let ((first (car (gnus-gethash gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-active-hashtb)))
        (artnum gnus-newsgroup-begin)
        (header nil))
    (while (and (not header)
                (> artnum first))
      (setq artnum (1- artnum))
      (setq header (gnus-read-header artnum)))
    header))

(defun gnus-more-header-forward (&optional backward)
  "Find new header forward.
If BACKWARD, find new header backward instead."
  (if backward
      (gnus-more-header-backward)
    (let ((last (cdr (gnus-gethash gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-active-hashtb)))
          (artnum gnus-newsgroup-end)
          (header nil))
      (while (and (not header)
                  (< artnum last))
        (setq artnum (1+ artnum))
        (setq header (gnus-read-header artnum)))
      header)))

(defun gnus-extend-newsgroup (header &optional backward)
  "Extend newsgroup selection with HEADER.
Optional argument BACKWARD means extend toward backward."
  (if header
      (let ((artnum (header-number header)))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers
              (if backward
                  (cons header gnus-newsgroup-headers)
                (nconc gnus-newsgroup-headers (list header))))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected
              (delq artnum gnus-newsgroup-unselected))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-begin (min gnus-newsgroup-begin artnum))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-end (max gnus-newsgroup-end artnum)))))

(defun gnus-summary-work-articles (n)
  "Return a list of articles to be worked upon. The prefix argument,
the list of process marked articles, and the current article will be
taken into consideration."
  (let (articles)
    (if (and n (numberp n))
        (let ((backward (< n 0))
              (n (abs n)))
          (save-excursion
            (while (and (> n 0)
                        (setq articles (cons (gnus-summary-article-number) 
                                             articles))
                        (gnus-summary-search-forward nil nil backward))
              (setq n (1- n))))
          (sort articles (function <)))
      (or (reverse gnus-newsgroup-processable)
          (list (gnus-summary-article-number))))))

(defun gnus-summary-search-group (&optional backward use-level)
  "Search for next unread newsgroup.
If optional argument BACKWARD is non-nil, search backward instead."
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (save-excursion
      ;; We don't want to alter current point of group mode buffer.
      (if (gnus-group-search-forward 
           backward nil
           (if use-level (gnus-group-group-level) nil))
          (gnus-group-group-name)))))

(defun gnus-summary-best-group (&optional exclude-group)
  "Find the name of the best unread group.
If EXCLUDE-GROUP, do not go to this group."
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (save-excursion
      (gnus-group-best-unread-group exclude-group))))

(defun gnus-summary-search-subject (&optional backward unread subject)
  "Search for article forward.
If BACKWARD is non-nil, search backward.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected.
If SUBJECT is non-nil, the article which has the same subject will be
searched for." 
  (let ((func (if backward 'previous-single-property-change
                'next-single-property-change))
        (beg (point))
        (did t)
        pos)
    (beginning-of-line)
    (forward-char (if backward (if (bobp) 0 -1) (if (eobp) 0 1)))
    (while (and (setq pos (funcall func (point) 'gnus-number))
                (goto-char (if backward (1- pos) pos))
                (setq did
                      (not (and (or (not unread)
                                    (eq (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-mark) 
                                        gnus-unread-mark))
                                (or (not subject)
                                    (equal (gnus-simplify-subject-re 
                                            subject)
                                           (gnus-simplify-subject-re
                                            (get-text-property 
                                             (point) 
                                             'gnus-subject)))))))
                (if backward (if (bobp) nil (forward-char -1) t)
                  (if (eobp) nil (forward-char 1) t))))
    (if did
        (progn (goto-char beg) nil)
      (prog1
          (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-number)
        (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))))

(defun gnus-summary-search-forward (&optional unread subject backward)
  "Search for article forward.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected.
If SUBJECT is non-nil, the article which has the same subject will be
searched for. 
If BACKWARD is non-nil, the search will be performed backwards instead."
  (gnus-summary-search-subject backward unread subject))

(defun gnus-summary-search-backward (&optional unread subject)
  "Search for article backward.
If 1st optional argument UNREAD is non-nil, only unread article is selected.
If 2nd optional argument SUBJECT is non-nil, the article which has
the same subject will be searched for."
  (gnus-summary-search-forward unread subject t))

(defun gnus-summary-article-number (&optional number-or-nil)
  "The article number of the article on the current line.
If there isn's an article number here, then we return the current
article number."
  (let* ((p (point))
         (number (get-text-property 
                  (progn (beginning-of-line) (prog1 (point) (goto-char p)))
                  'gnus-number)))
    (if number-or-nil number (or number gnus-current-article))))

(defun gnus-summary-thread-level ()
  "The thread level of the article on the current line."
  (or (get-text-property 
       (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point)) 'gnus-thread)
      0))

(defun gnus-summary-pseudo-article ()
  "The thread level of the article on the current line."
  (get-text-property 
   (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point)) 'gnus-pseudo))

(defun gnus-summary-article-mark ()
  "The mark on the current line."
  (get-text-property (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point)) 'gnus-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-subject-string ()
  "Return current subject string or nil if nothing."
  (get-text-property 
   (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point)) 'gnus-subject))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-score 'gnus-summary-article-score)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-score 'gnus-summary-article-score)
(defun gnus-summary-article-score ()
  "Return current article score."
  (or (cdr (assq (gnus-summary-article-number) gnus-newsgroup-scored))
      gnus-summary-default-score 0))

(defun gnus-summary-recenter ()
  "Center point in the summary window.
If `gnus-auto-center-summary' is nil, or the article buffer isn't
displayed, no centering will be performed." 
  ;; Suggested by earle@mahendo.JPL.NASA.GOV (Greg Earle).
  ;; Recenter only when requested. Suggested by popovich@park.cs.columbia.edu.
  (let ((top (cond ((< (window-height) 4) 0)
                   ((< (window-height) 6) 1)
                   (t 2))))
    (and 
     ;; The user has to want it,
     gnus-auto-center-summary 
     ;; the article buffer must be displayed,
     (get-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer)
     ;; there must be lines left to scroll forward,
     (zerop (save-excursion (forward-line (- (window-height) 1 top))))
     ;; so we recenter.
     (set-window-start 
      (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) 
      (save-excursion (forward-line (- top)) (point))))))

;; Function written by Stainless Steel Rat <ratinox@ccs.neu.edu>.
(defun gnus-short-group-name (newsgroup)
  "Convert a long group name to an initialized form.
The last part of the name is left intact: \"rec.arts.anime\" becomes
\"r.a.anime\"."
  (let ((name ""))
    (while newsgroup
      (if (string-match "\\." newsgroup)
          (progn
            (setq name (concat name (substring newsgroup 0 1))
                  newsgroup (substring newsgroup (match-end 0))
                  name (concat name ".")))
          (setq name (concat name newsgroup)
                newsgroup nil)))
    name))


(defun gnus-summary-jump-to-group (newsgroup)
  "Move point to NEWSGROUP in group mode buffer."
  ;; Keep update point of group mode buffer if visible.
  (if (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
      (save-window-excursion
        ;; Take care of tree window mode.
        (if (get-buffer-window gnus-group-buffer)
            (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
        (gnus-group-jump-to-group newsgroup))
    (save-excursion
      ;; Take care of tree window mode.
      (if (get-buffer-window gnus-group-buffer)
          (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
        (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer))
      (gnus-group-jump-to-group newsgroup))))

;; This function returns a list of article numbers based on the
;; difference between the ranges of read articles in this group and
;; the range of active articles.
(defun gnus-list-of-unread-articles (group)
  (let* ((read (nth 2 (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
         (active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
         (last (cdr active))
         unread first nlast unread)
    ;; If none are read, then all are unread. 
    (if (not read)
        (setq first (car active))
      ;; If the range of read articles is a single range, then the
      ;; first unread article is the article after the last read
      ;; article. Sounds logical, doesn't it?
      (if (not (listp (cdr read)))
          (setq first (1+ (cdr read)))
        ;; `read' is a list of ranges.
        (if (/= (setq nlast (or (and (numberp (car read)) (car read)) 
                                (car (car read)))) 1)
            (setq first 1))
        (while read
          (if first 
              (while (< first nlast)
                (setq unread (cons first unread))
                (setq first (1+ first))))
          (setq first (1+ (if (atom (car read)) (car read) (cdr (car read)))))
          (setq nlast (if (atom (car (cdr read))) 
                          (car (cdr read))
                        (car (car (cdr read)))))
          (setq read (cdr read)))))
    ;; And add the last unread articles.
    (while (<= first last)
      (setq unread (cons first unread))
      (setq first (1+ first)))
    ;; Return the list of unread articles.
    (nreverse unread)))


;; Various summary commands

(defun gnus-summary-universal-argument ()
  "Perform any operation on all articles marked with the process mark."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (let ((articles (reverse gnus-newsgroup-processable))
        key func)
    (or articles (error "No articles marked"))
    (or (setq func (key-binding (read-key-sequence "C-c C-u")))
        (error "Undefined key"))
    (while articles
      (gnus-summary-goto-subject (car articles))
      (command-execute func)
      (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car articles))
      (setq articles (cdr articles)))))

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-truncation (arg)
  "Toggle truncation of summary lines.
With arg, turn line truncation on iff arg is positive."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq truncate-lines
        (if (null arg) (not truncate-lines)
          (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
  (redraw-display))

(defun gnus-summary-reselect-current-group (all)
  "Once exit and then reselect the current newsgroup.
The prefix argument ALL means to select all articles."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (let ((current-subject (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (gnus-summary-exit t)
    ;; We have to adjust the point of group mode buffer because the
    ;; current point was moved to the next unread newsgroup by
    ;; exiting.
    (gnus-summary-jump-to-group gnus-newsgroup-name)
    (gnus-group-read-group all t)
    (gnus-summary-goto-subject current-subject)))

(defun gnus-summary-rescan-group (all)
  "Exit the newsgroup, ask for new articles, and select the newsgroup."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  ;; Fix by Ilja Weis <kult@uni-paderborn.de>.
  (let ((group gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (gnus-summary-exit t)
    (gnus-summary-jump-to-group group)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (gnus-group-get-new-news-this-group 1))
    (gnus-summary-jump-to-group group)
    (gnus-group-read-group all)))

(defun gnus-summary-exit (&optional temporary)
  "Exit reading current newsgroup, and then return to group selection mode.
gnus-exit-group-hook is called with no arguments if that value is non-nil."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (gnus-kill-save-kill-buffer)
  (let* ((group gnus-newsgroup-name)
         (quit-buffer (cdr (assoc 'quit-buffer (gnus-find-method-for-group
                                                gnus-newsgroup-name))))
         (mode major-mode)
         (method (car (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
         (buf (current-buffer)))
    (if gnus-newsgroup-kill-headers
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-killed
              (gnus-compress-sequence
               (nconc
                (gnus-set-sorted-intersection
                 (gnus-uncompress-range gnus-newsgroup-killed)
                 (setq gnus-newsgroup-unselected
                       (sort gnus-newsgroup-unselected '<)))
                (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
                      (sort gnus-newsgroup-unreads '<))) t)))
    (or (listp (cdr gnus-newsgroup-killed))
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-killed (list gnus-newsgroup-killed)))
    (let ((updated nil)
          (headers gnus-newsgroup-headers))
      (gnus-close-group group)
      (run-hooks 'gnus-exit-group-hook)
      (gnus-score-save)
      (gnus-update-read-articles 
       group gnus-newsgroup-unreads gnus-newsgroup-unselected 
       gnus-newsgroup-marked
       t gnus-newsgroup-replied gnus-newsgroup-expirable
       gnus-newsgroup-killed gnus-newsgroup-dormant
       gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks 
       (and gnus-save-score gnus-newsgroup-scored))
      (and gnus-use-cross-reference
           (gnus-mark-xrefs-as-read 
            group headers gnus-newsgroup-unreads gnus-newsgroup-expirable))
      ;; Do not switch windows but change the buffer to work.
      (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (or (eq 'nndigest method)
          (gnus-group-update-group group)))
    ;; Make sure where I was, and go to next newsgroup.
    (if (eq method 'nndigest)
        ()
      (gnus-group-jump-to-group group)
      (gnus-group-next-unread-group 1))
    (if temporary
        ;; If exiting temporary, caller should adjust group mode
        ;; buffer point by itself.
        nil                             ;Nothing to do.
      ;; We set all buffer-local variables to nil. It is unclear why
      ;; this is needed, but if we don't, buffer-local variables are
      ;; not garbage-collected, it seems. This would the lead to en
      ;; ever-growing Emacs.
      (set-buffer buf)
      (gnus-summary-clear-local-variables)
      ;; We clear the global counterparts of the buffer-local
      ;; variables as well, just to be on the safe side.
      (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (gnus-summary-clear-local-variables)
      (gnus-configure-windows 'newsgroups t)
      ;; Return to group mode buffer. 
      (and (get-buffer buf) 
           (eq mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
           (kill-buffer buf))
      (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
          (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
      (setq gnus-current-select-method gnus-select-method)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
      (if (and quit-buffer (buffer-name quit-buffer))
          (progn
            (switch-to-buffer quit-buffer)
            (gnus-set-global-variables)
            (gnus-configure-windows 'summary))))))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-quit 'gnus-summary-exit-no-update)
(defun gnus-summary-exit-no-update (&optional no-questions)
  "Quit reading current newsgroup without updating read article info."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((group gnus-newsgroup-name)
         (quit-buffer (cdr (assoc 'quit-buffer 
                                  (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))))
    (if (or no-questions
            gnus-expert-user
            (gnus-y-or-n-p "Do you really wanna quit reading this group? "))
        (progn
          (gnus-close-group group)
          (gnus-summary-clear-local-variables)
          (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
          (gnus-summary-clear-local-variables)
          ;; Return to group selection mode.
          (gnus-configure-windows 'newsgroups)
          (if (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
              (kill-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
          (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
              (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
          (pop-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
          (gnus-group-jump-to-group group)
          (gnus-group-next-group 1)
          (if (and quit-buffer (buffer-name quit-buffer))
              (progn
                (switch-to-buffer quit-buffer)
                (gnus-configure-windows 'summary)))))))

;; Suggested by Andrew Eskilsson <pi92ae@pt.hk-r.se>.
(defun gnus-summary-fetch-faq (group)
  "Fetch the FAQ for the current group."
  (interactive (list gnus-newsgroup-name))
  (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
  (pop-to-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
  (find-file (concat gnus-group-faq-directory group)))

;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-summary-describe-group (force)
  "Describe the current newsgroup."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-group-describe-group force gnus-newsgroup-name))

(defun gnus-summary-describe-briefly ()
  "Describe summary mode commands briefly."
  (interactive)
  (message
    (substitute-command-keys "\\<gnus-summary-mode-map>\\[gnus-summary-next-page]:Select  \\[gnus-summary-next-unread-article]:Forward  \\[gnus-summary-prev-unread-article]:Backward  \\[gnus-summary-exit]:Exit  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-summary-describe-briefly]:This help")))

;; Walking around group mode buffer from summary mode.

(defun gnus-summary-next-group (&optional no-article group backward)
  "Exit current newsgroup and then select next unread newsgroup.
If prefix argument NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article is selected initially.
If BACKWARD, go to previous group instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (let ((ingroup gnus-newsgroup-name)
        (sumbuf (current-buffer))
        num)
    (gnus-summary-exit t)               ;Update all information.
    (if (and group
             (or (and (numberp (setq num (car (gnus-gethash
                                               group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
                      (< num 1))
                 (null num)))
        (progn
          (gnus-group-jump-to-group group)
          (setq group nil))
      (gnus-group-jump-to-group ingroup))
    (let ((group (or group (gnus-summary-search-group backward)))
          (buf gnus-summary-buffer))
      (if (null group)
          (gnus-summary-exit-no-update t)
        (message "Selecting %s..." group)
        ;; We are now in group mode buffer.
        ;; Make sure group mode buffer point is on GROUP.
        (gnus-group-jump-to-group group)
        (unwind-protect
            (gnus-summary-read-group group nil no-article buf)
          (and (string= gnus-newsgroup-name ingroup)
               (bufferp sumbuf) (buffer-name sumbuf)
               (progn
                 (set-buffer (setq gnus-summary-buffer sumbuf))
                 (gnus-summary-exit-no-update t))))))))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-group (no-article)
  "Exit current newsgroup and then select previous unread newsgroup.
If prefix argument NO-ARTICLE is non-nil, no article is selected initially."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-next-group no-article nil t))

;; Walking around summary lines.

(defun gnus-summary-first-subject (unread)
  "Go to the first unread subject.
If UNREAD is non-nil, go to the first unread article.
Returns nil if there are no unread articles."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((begin (point)))
    (if unread
        (if (not (gnus-goto-char 
                  (text-property-any (point-min) (point-max)
                                     'gnus-mark gnus-unread-mark)))
            (progn
              ;; If there is no unread articles, stay where you are.
              (goto-char begin)
              (message "No more unread articles")
              nil)
          t)
      (goto-char (point-min)))))

(defun gnus-summary-next-subject (n &optional unread)
  "Go to next N'th summary line.
If N is negative, go to the previous N'th subject line.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected.
The difference between N and the actual number of steps taken is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-summary-search-forward unread nil backward))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (gnus-summary-recenter)
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more%s articles" (if unread " unread" "")))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-next-unread-subject (n)
  "Go to next N'th unread summary line."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-subject n t))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-subject (n &optional unread)
  "Go to previous N'th summary line.
If optional argument UNREAD is non-nil, only unread article is selected."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-subject (- n) unread))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-unread-subject (n)
  "Go to previous N'th unread summary line."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-subject (- n) t))

(defun gnus-summary-goto-subject (article)
  "Go the subject line of ARTICLE."
  (interactive
   (list
    (string-to-int
     (completing-read "Article number: "
                      (mapcar
                       (lambda (headers)
                         (list
                          (int-to-string (header-number headers))))
                       gnus-newsgroup-headers)
                      nil 'require-match))))
  (or article (error "No article number"))
  (if (or (eq article (gnus-summary-article-number t))
          (gnus-goto-char
           (text-property-any
            (point-min) (point-max) 'gnus-number article)))
      article))

;; Walking around summary lines with displaying articles.

(defun gnus-summary-expand-window ()
  "Expand summary window to show headers full window."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (gnus-configure-windows 'summary)
  (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))

(defun gnus-summary-display-article (article &optional all-header)
  "Display ARTICLE in article buffer."
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (if (null article)
      nil
    (gnus-article-prepare article all-header)
    (if (eq (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z)
        (progn
          (forward-line 1)
          (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))
    (run-hooks 'gnus-select-article-hook)
    (gnus-summary-recenter)
;    (set-window-point (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) (point-max))
;    (sit-for 0)
    (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
    ;; Successfully display article.
    (gnus-summary-update-line)
    t))

(defun gnus-summary-select-article (&optional all-headers force pseudo article)
  "Select the current article.
If ALL-HEADERS is non-nil, show all header fields.  If FORCE is
non-nil, the article will be re-fetched even if it already present in
the article buffer.  If PSEUDO is non-nil, pseudo-articles will also
be displayed."
  (and (not pseudo) (gnus-summary-pseudo-article)
       (error "This is a pseudo-article."))
  (let ((article (or article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
        (all-headers (not (not all-headers)))) ;Must be T or NIL.
    (if (or (null gnus-current-article)
            (null gnus-article-current)
            (/= article (cdr gnus-article-current))
            (not (equal (car gnus-article-current) gnus-newsgroup-name))
            force)
        ;; The requested article is different from the current article.
        (progn
          (gnus-summary-display-article article all-headers)
          article)
      (if all-headers (gnus-article-show-all-headers))
      (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
      nil)))

(defun gnus-summary-set-current-mark (&optional current-mark)
  "Obsolete function."
  nil)

(defun gnus-summary-next-article (unread &optional subject backward)
  "Select the next article.
If UNREAD, only unread articles are selected.
If SUBJECT, only articles with SUBJECT are selected.
If BACKWARD, the previous article is selected instead of the next."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((opoint (point))
        (method (car (gnus-find-method-for-group gnus-newsgroup-name)))
        header)
    (cond
     ;; Is there such an article?
     ((gnus-summary-display-article 
       (gnus-summary-search-forward unread subject backward))
      (gnus-summary-position-cursor))
     ;; If not, we try the first unread, if that is wanted.
     ((and subject
           gnus-auto-select-same
           (gnus-summary-first-unread-article))
      (message "Wrapped"))
     ;; Try to get next/previous article not displayed in this group.
     ((and gnus-auto-extend-newsgroup
           (not unread) (not subject)
           (setq header (gnus-more-header-forward backward)))
      (gnus-extend-newsgroup header backward)
      (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
        (goto-char (if backward (point-min) (point-max)))
        (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (list header) 0))
      (gnus-summary-goto-article (if backward gnus-newsgroup-begin
                                   gnus-newsgroup-end)))
     ;; Go to next/previous group.
     (t
      (gnus-summary-jump-to-group gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (let ((cmd (aref (this-command-keys) 0))
            (group 
             (if (eq gnus-keep-same-level 'best) 
                 (gnus-summary-best-group gnus-newsgroup-name)
               (gnus-summary-search-group backward gnus-keep-same-level))))
        ;; Keep just the event type of CMD.
        (and (listp cmd) (setq cmd (car cmd)))
        ;; Select next unread newsgroup automagically.
        (cond 
         ((not gnus-auto-select-next)
          (message "No more%s articles" (if unread " unread" "")))
         ((eq gnus-auto-select-next 'quietly)
          ;; Select quietly.
          (if (eq method 'nndigest)
              (gnus-summary-exit)
            (message "No more%s articles (%s)..."
                     (if unread " unread" "") 
                     (if group (concat "selecting " group)
                       "exiting"))
            (gnus-summary-next-group nil group backward)))
         (t
          (let ((keystrokes '(?\C-n ?\C-p))
                key)
            (while (or (null key) (memq key keystrokes))
              (message 
               "No more%s articles%s" (if unread " unread" "")
               (if (and group (not (eq method 'nndigest)))
                   (format " (Type %s for %s [%s])"
                           (single-key-description cmd) group
                           (car (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
                 (format " (Type %s to exit %s)"
                         (single-key-description cmd)
                         gnus-newsgroup-name)))
              ;; Confirm auto selection.
              (let* ((event (read-event)))
                (setq key (if (listp event) (car event) event))
                (if (member key keystrokes)
                    (let ((obuf (current-buffer)))
                      (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
                      (gnus-group-jump-to-group group)
                      (execute-kbd-macro (char-to-string key))
                      (setq group (gnus-group-group-name))
                      (switch-to-buffer obuf)))))
            (if (eq key cmd)
                (if (or (not group) (eq method 'nndigest))
                    (gnus-summary-exit)
                  (gnus-summary-next-group nil group backward))
              (setq unread-command-events (list key)))))))))))

(defun gnus-summary-next-unread-article ()
  "Select unread article after current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-next-article t (and gnus-auto-select-same
                                    (gnus-summary-subject-string))))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-article (unread &optional subject)
  "Select the article after the current one.
If UNREAD is non-nil, only unread articles are selected."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-next-article unread subject t))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-unread-article ()
  "Select unred article before current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-prev-article t (and gnus-auto-select-same
                                    (gnus-summary-subject-string))))

(defun gnus-summary-next-page (lines &optional circular)
  "Show next page of selected article.
If end of article, select next article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled up.
If CIRCULAR is non-nil, go to the start of the article instead of 
instead of selecting the next article when reaching the end of the
current article." 
  (interactive "P")
  (setq gnus-summary-buffer (current-buffer))
  (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number))
        (endp nil))
    (if (or (null gnus-current-article)
            (null gnus-article-current)
            (/= article (cdr gnus-article-current))
            (not (equal (car gnus-article-current) gnus-newsgroup-name)))
        ;; Selected subject is different from current article's.
        (gnus-summary-display-article article)
      (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window
       gnus-article-buffer
       (setq endp (gnus-article-next-page lines)))
      (if endp
          (cond (circular
                 (gnus-summary-beginning-of-article))
                (lines
                 (message "End of message"))
                ((null lines)
                 (gnus-summary-next-unread-article))))))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-page (lines)
  "Show previous page of selected article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled down."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (if (or (null gnus-current-article)
            (null gnus-article-current)
            (/= article (cdr gnus-article-current))
            (not (equal (car gnus-article-current) gnus-newsgroup-name)))
        ;; Selected subject is different from current article's.
        (gnus-summary-display-article article)
      (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
      (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
        (gnus-article-prev-page lines))))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-scroll-up (lines)
  "Scroll up (or down) one line current article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled up (or down if negative)."
  (interactive "p")
  (or (gnus-summary-select-article nil nil 'pseudo)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
       gnus-article-buffer
       (cond ((> lines 0)
              (if (gnus-article-next-page lines)
                  (message "End of message")))
             ((< lines 0)
              (gnus-article-prev-page (- lines))))))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-next-same-subject ()
  "Select next article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-next-article nil (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-same-subject ()
  "Select previous article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-prev-article nil (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-next-unread-same-subject ()
  "Select next unread article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-next-article t (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-unread-same-subject ()
  "Select previous unread article which has the same subject as current one."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-prev-article t (gnus-summary-subject-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-first-unread-article ()
  "Select the first unread article. 
Return nil if there are no unread articles."
  (interactive)
  (prog1
      (if (gnus-summary-first-subject t)
          (gnus-summary-display-article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-best-unread-article ()
  "Select the unread article with the highest score."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (let ((scored gnus-newsgroup-scored)
        (best -1000000)
        article art)
    (while scored
      (or (> best (cdr (car scored)))
          (and (memq (setq art (car (car scored))) gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
               (not (memq art gnus-newsgroup-marked))
               (not (memq art gnus-newsgroup-dormant))
               (if (= best (cdr (car scored)))
                   (setq article (min art article))
                 (setq article art)
                 (setq best (cdr (car scored))))))
      (setq scored (cdr scored)))
    (if article 
        (gnus-summary-goto-article article)
      (gnus-summary-first-unread-article))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-goto-article (article &optional all-headers)
  "Fetch ARTICLE and display it if it exists.
If ALL-HEADERS is non-nil, no header lines are hidden."
  (interactive
   (list
    (string-to-int
     (completing-read 
      "Article number: "
      (mapcar (lambda (headers) (list (int-to-string (header-number headers))))
              gnus-newsgroup-headers) 
      nil 'require-match))))
  (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
      (gnus-summary-display-article article all-headers))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-goto-last-article ()
  "Go to the last article."
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-last-article
      (gnus-summary-goto-article gnus-last-article))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-pop-article (number)
  "Pop one article off the history and go to the previous.
NUMBER articles will be popped off."
  (interactive "p")
  (let (to)
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-history
          (cdr (setq to (nthcdr number gnus-newsgroup-history))))
    (if to
        (gnus-summary-goto-article (car to))
      (error "Article history empty")))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

;; Summary article oriented commands

(defun gnus-summary-refer-parent-article (n)
  "Refer parent article N times.
The difference between N and the number of articles fetched is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (while 
      (and 
       (> n 0)
       (let ((ref (header-references (gnus-get-header-by-number
                                      (gnus-summary-article-number)))))
         (if (and ref (not (equal ref ""))
                  (string-match "<[^<>]*>[ \t]*$" ref))
             (gnus-summary-refer-article 
              (substring ref (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))))))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (or (zerop n) (message "No references in article or expired article."))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
  n)
    
(defun gnus-summary-refer-article (message-id)
  "Refer article specified by MESSAGE-ID.
NOTE: This command only works with newsgroup that use NNTP."
  (interactive "sMessage-ID: ")
  (if (or (not (stringp message-id))
          (zerop (length message-id)))
      ()
    ;; Construct the correct Message-ID if necessary.
    ;; Suggested by tale@pawl.rpi.edu.
    (or (string-match "^<" message-id)
        (setq message-id (concat "<" message-id)))
    (or (string-match ">$" message-id)
        (setq message-id (concat message-id ">")))
    (let ((header (car (gnus-gethash (downcase message-id)
                                     gnus-newsgroup-dependencies))))
      (if header
          (gnus-summary-goto-article (header-number header))
        (let ((gnus-override-method gnus-refer-article-method))
          (if (gnus-article-prepare 
               message-id nil (gnus-read-header message-id))
              (progn
                (gnus-summary-insert-line 
                 nil gnus-current-headers 0 nil gnus-read-mark nil nil 
                 (header-subject gnus-current-headers))
                (forward-line -1)
                (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
                (gnus-summary-update-line)
                message-id)
            (message "No such references")
            nil))))))

(defun gnus-summary-enter-digest-group ()
  "Enter a digest group based on the current article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (let ((name (format "%s/%d" 
                      (gnus-group-prefixed-name 
                       gnus-newsgroup-name (list 'nndigest "")) 
                      gnus-current-article))
        (buf (current-buffer)))
    (set-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (gnus-sethash 
     name 
     (list t nil (list name 3 nil nil 
                       (list 'nndigest gnus-article-buffer
                             (cons 'quit-buffer buf))))
     gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
    (gnus-group-read-group t nil name)))
  
(defun gnus-summary-isearch-article ()
  "Do incremental search forward on current article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
                              (isearch-forward)))

(defun gnus-summary-search-article-forward (regexp)
  "Search for an article containing REGEXP forward.
gnus-select-article-hook is not called during the search."
  (interactive
   (list (read-string
          (concat "Search forward (regexp): "
                  (if gnus-last-search-regexp
                      (concat "(default " gnus-last-search-regexp ") "))))))
  (if (string-equal regexp "")
      (setq regexp (or gnus-last-search-regexp ""))
    (setq gnus-last-search-regexp regexp))
  (if (gnus-summary-search-article regexp nil)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
       gnus-article-buffer
       (recenter 0))
    (error "Search failed: \"%s\"" regexp)))

(defun gnus-summary-search-article-backward (regexp)
  "Search for an article containing REGEXP backward.
gnus-select-article-hook is not called during the search."
  (interactive
   (list (read-string
          (concat "Search backward (regexp): "
                  (if gnus-last-search-regexp
                      (concat "(default " gnus-last-search-regexp ") "))))))
  (if (string-equal regexp "")
      (setq regexp (or gnus-last-search-regexp ""))
    (setq gnus-last-search-regexp regexp))
  (if (gnus-summary-search-article regexp t)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window
       gnus-article-buffer
       (recenter 0))
    (error "Search failed: \"%s\"" regexp)))

(defun gnus-summary-search-article (regexp &optional backward)
  "Search for an article containing REGEXP.
Optional argument BACKWARD means do search for backward.
gnus-select-article-hook is not called during the search."
  (let ((gnus-select-article-hook nil)  ;Disable hook.
        (gnus-mark-article-hook nil)    ;Inhibit marking as read.
        (re-search
         (if backward
             (function re-search-backward) (function re-search-forward)))
        (found nil)
        (last nil))
    ;; Hidden thread subtrees must be searched for ,too.
    (gnus-summary-show-all-threads)
    (if (eobp) (forward-line -1))
    ;; First of all, search current article.
    ;; We don't want to read article again from NNTP server nor reset
    ;; current point.
    (gnus-summary-select-article)
    (message "Searching article: %d..." gnus-current-article)
    (setq last gnus-current-article)
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
      (save-restriction
        (widen)
        ;; Begin search from current point.
        (setq found (funcall re-search regexp nil t))))
    ;; Then search next articles.
    (while (and (not found)
                (gnus-summary-display-article 
                 (gnus-summary-search-subject backward nil nil)))
      (message "Searching article: %d..." gnus-current-article)
      (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer
        (save-restriction
          (widen)
          (goto-char (if backward (point-max) (point-min)))
          (setq found (funcall re-search regexp nil t)))))
    (message "")
    ;; Adjust article pointer.
    (or (eq last gnus-current-article)
        (setq gnus-last-article last))
    ;; Return T if found such article.
    found))

(defun gnus-summary-execute-command (header regexp command &optional backward)
  "Search forward for an article whose HEADER matches REGEXP and execute COMMAND.
If HEADER is an empty string (or nil), the match is done on the entire
article. If BACKWARD (the prefix) is non-nil, search backward instead."
  (interactive
   (list (let ((completion-ignore-case t))
           (completing-read 
            "Header name: "
            (mapcar (string) (list string)
                    '("Number" "Subject" "From" "Lines" "Date"
                      "Message-ID" "Xref" "References")
                    nil 'require-match)))
         (read-string "Regexp: ")
         (read-key-sequence "Command: ")
         current-prefix-arg))
  ;; Hidden thread subtrees must be searched as well.
  (gnus-summary-show-all-threads)
  ;; We don't want to change current point nor window configuration.
  (save-excursion
    (save-window-excursion
      (message "Executing %s..." (key-description command))
      ;; We'd like to execute COMMAND interactively so as to give arguments.
      (gnus-execute header regexp
                    (` (lambda ()
                         (call-interactively '(, (key-binding command)))))
                    backward)
      (message "Executing %s... done" (key-description command)))))

(defun gnus-summary-beginning-of-article ()
  "Scroll the article back to the beginning."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window
   gnus-article-buffer
   (widen)
   (goto-char (point-min))
   (and gnus-break-pages (gnus-narrow-to-page))))

(defun gnus-summary-end-of-article ()
  "Scroll to the end of the article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
   gnus-article-buffer
   (widen)
   (goto-char (point-max))
   (and gnus-break-pages (gnus-narrow-to-page))))

(defun gnus-summary-show-article ()
  "Force re-fetching of the current article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article gnus-have-all-headers t t))

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-header (arg)
  "Show the headers if they are hidden, or hide them if they are shown.
If ARG is a positive number, show the entire header.
If ARG is a negative number, hide the unwanted header lines."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (if (numberp arg) 
          (if (> arg 0) (remove-text-properties 1 (point-max) '(invisible t))
            (if (< arg 0) (run-hooks 'gnus-article-display-hook)))
        (if (text-property-any 1 (point-max) 'invisible t)
            (remove-text-properties 1 (point-max) '(invisible t))
          (let ((gnus-have-all-headers nil))
            (run-hooks 'gnus-article-display-hook))))
      (set-window-point (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) 1))))

(defun gnus-summary-show-all-headers ()
  "Make all header lines visible."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-article-show-all-headers))

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-mime (arg)
  "Toggle MIME processing.
If ARG is a positive number, turn MIME processing on."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq gnus-show-mime
        (if (null arg) (not gnus-show-mime)
          (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
  (gnus-summary-select-article t 'force))

(defun gnus-summary-caesar-message (rotnum)
  "Caesar rotates all letters of current message by 13/47 places.
With prefix arg, specifies the number of places to rotate each letter forward.
Caesar rotates Japanese letters by 47 places in any case."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (let ((mail-header-separator "")) ; !!! Is this necessary?
    (gnus-overload-functions)
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-restriction
       (widen)
       ;; We don't want to jump to the beginning of the message.
       ;; `save-excursion' does not do its job.
       (move-to-window-line 0)
       (let ((last (point)))
         (news-caesar-buffer-body rotnum)
         (goto-char last)
         (recenter 0))))))

(defun gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking ()
  "Stop page breaking in the current article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer (widen)))

;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <bedmonds@prodigy.bc.ca>.

(defun gnus-summary-move-article (n &optional to-newsgroup select-method)
  "Move the current article to a different newsgroup.
If N is a positive number, move the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, move the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
move those articles instead.
If TO-NEWSGROUP is string, do not prompt for a newsgroup to move to. 
If SELECT-METHOD is symbol, do not move to a specific newsgroup, but
re-spool using this method.
For this function to work, both the current newsgroup and the
newsgroup that you want to move to have to support the `request-move'
and `request-accept' functions. (Ie. mail newsgroups at present.)"
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (or (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-move-article gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (error "The current newsgroup does not support article moving"))
  (let ((articles (gnus-summary-work-articles n))
        art-group)
    (if (and (not to-newsgroup) (not select-method))
        (setq to-newsgroup
              (completing-read 
               (format "Where do you want to move %s? %s"
                       (if (> (length articles) 1)
                           (format "these %d articles" (length articles))
                         "this article")
                       (if gnus-current-move-group
                           (format "(%s default) " gnus-current-move-group)
                         ""))
               gnus-active-hashtb nil nil
               (gnus-group-real-prefix gnus-newsgroup-name))))
    (if (string= to-newsgroup "")
        (setq to-newsgroup (or gnus-current-move-group "")))
    (or (gnus-gethash to-newsgroup gnus-active-hashtb)
        (error "No such group: %s" to-newsgroup))
    (setq gnus-current-move-group to-newsgroup)
    (or (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-accept-article 
                                     (or select-method to-newsgroup))
        (error "%s does not support article moving" to-newsgroup))
    (message "Moving to %s: %s..." (or select-method to-newsgroup) articles)
    (while articles
      (if (setq art-group
                (gnus-request-move-article 
                 (car articles)                   ; Article to move
                 gnus-newsgroup-name              ; From newsgrouo
                 (nth 1 (gnus-find-method-for-group 
                         gnus-newsgroup-name))    ; Server
                 (list 'gnus-request-accept-article 
                       (if select-method
                           (quote select-method)
                         to-newsgroup)
                       (not (cdr articles)))     ; Accept form
                 (not (cdr articles))))          ; Only save nov last time
          (let* ((buffer-read-only nil)
                 (entry 
                  (or
                   (gnus-gethash (car art-group) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                   (gnus-gethash 
                    (gnus-group-prefixed-name 
                     (car art-group) 
                     (if select-method (list select-method "")
                       (gnus-find-method-for-group to-newsgroup)))
                    gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
                 (info (nth 2 entry))
                 (article (car articles))
                 (marked (nth 3 info)))
            (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
            (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                           (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))
            (if (not (memq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                (setcar (cdr (cdr info))
                        (gnus-add-to-range (nth 2 info) 
                                           (list (cdr art-group)))))
            ;; Copy any marks over to the new group.
            (let ((marks '((tick . gnus-newsgroup-marked)
                           (dormant . gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
                           (expire . gnus-newsgroup-expirable)
                           (bookmark . gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)
                        ;   (score . gnus-newsgroup-scored)
                           (reply . gnus-newsgroup-replied)))
                  (to-article (cdr art-group)))
              (while marks
                (if (memq article (symbol-value (cdr (car marks))))
                    (gnus-add-marked-articles 
                     (car info) (car (car marks)) (list to-article) info))
                (setq marks (cdr marks))))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked (delq article gnus-newsgroup-marked))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads (delq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
            (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant
                  (delq article gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))
        (message "Couldn't move article %s" (car articles)))
      (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car articles))
      (setq articles (cdr articles)))))

(defun gnus-summary-respool-article (n &optional respool-method)
  "Respool the current article.
The article will be squeezed through the mail spooling process again,
which means that it will be put in some mail newsgroup or other
depending on `nnmail-split-methods'.
If N is a positive number, respool the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, respool the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
respool those articles instead.
For this function to work, both the current newsgroup and the
newsgroup that you want to move to have to support the `request-move'
and `request-accept' functions. (Ie. mail newsgroups at present.)"
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (or respool-method
      (setq respool-method
            (completing-read
             "What method do you want to use when respooling? "
             (gnus-methods-using 'respool) nil t)))
  (gnus-summary-move-article n nil (intern respool-method)))

;; Suggested by gregj@unidata.com (Gregory J. Grubbs).
(defun gnus-summary-copy-article (n &optional to-newsgroup select-method)
  "Move the current article to a different newsgroup.
If N is a positive number, move the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, move the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
move those articles instead.
If TO-NEWSGROUP is string, do not prompt for a newsgroup to move to. 
If SELECT-METHOD is symbol, do not move to a specific newsgroup, but
re-spool using this method.
For this function to work, the newsgroup that you want to move to have
to support the `request-move' and `request-accept'
functions. (Ie. mail newsgroups at present.)"
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (let ((articles (gnus-summary-work-articles n))
        (copy-buf (get-buffer-create "*copy work*"))
        art-group)
    (buffer-disable-undo copy-buf)
    (if (and (not to-newsgroup) (not select-method))
        (setq to-newsgroup
              (completing-read 
               (format "Where do you want to copy %s? %s"
                       (if (> (length articles) 1)
                           (format "these %d articles" (length articles))
                         "this article")
                       (if gnus-current-move-group
                           (format "(%s default) " gnus-current-move-group)
                         ""))
               gnus-active-hashtb nil nil
               (gnus-group-real-prefix gnus-newsgroup-name))))
    (if (string= to-newsgroup "")
        (setq to-newsgroup (or gnus-current-move-group "")))
    (or (gnus-gethash to-newsgroup gnus-active-hashtb)
        (error "No such group: %s" to-newsgroup))
    (setq gnus-current-move-group to-newsgroup)
    (or (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-accept-article 
                                     (or select-method to-newsgroup))
        (error "%s does not support article copying" to-newsgroup))
    (message "Moving to %s: %s..." (or select-method to-newsgroup) articles)
    (while articles
      (if (setq art-group
                (save-excursion
                  (set-buffer copy-buf)
                  (gnus-request-article-this-buffer
                   (car articles) gnus-newsgroup-name)
                  (gnus-request-accept-article
                   (if select-method (quote select-method) to-newsgroup)
                   (not (cdr articles)))))
          (let* ((entry 
                  (or
                   (gnus-gethash (car art-group) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                   (gnus-gethash 
                    (gnus-group-prefixed-name 
                     (car art-group) 
                     (if select-method (list select-method "")
                       (gnus-find-method-for-group to-newsgroup)))
                    gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
                 (info (nth 2 entry))
                 (article (car articles))
                 (marked (nth 3 info)))
            (if (not (memq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
                (setcar (cdr (cdr info))
                        (gnus-add-to-range (nth 2 info) 
                                           (list (cdr art-group)))))
            ;; Copy any marks over to the new group.
            (let ((marks '((tick . gnus-newsgroup-marked)
                           (dormant . gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
                           (expire . gnus-newsgroup-expirable)
                           (bookmark . gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)
                        ;   (score . gnus-newsgroup-scored)
                           (reply . gnus-newsgroup-replied)))
                  (to-article (cdr art-group)))
              (while marks
                (if (memq article (symbol-value (cdr (car marks))))
                    (gnus-add-marked-articles 
                     (car info) (car (car marks)) (list to-article) info))
                (setq marks (cdr marks)))))
        (message "Couldn't copy article %s" (car articles)))
      (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car articles))
      (setq articles (cdr articles)))
    (kill-buffer copy-buf)))

(defun gnus-summary-expire-articles ()
  "Expire all articles that are marked as expirable in the current group."
  (interactive)
  (if (and gnus-newsgroup-expirable
           (gnus-check-backend-function 
            'request-expire-articles gnus-newsgroup-name))
      (let ((expirable gnus-newsgroup-expirable))
        ;; The list of articles that weren't expired is returned.
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable 
              (gnus-request-expire-articles gnus-newsgroup-expirable
                                            gnus-newsgroup-name))
        ;; We go through the old list of expirable, and mark all
        ;; really expired articles as non-existant.
        (while expirable
          (or (memq (car expirable) gnus-newsgroup-expirable)
              (gnus-summary-mark-as-read (car expirable) "%"))
          (setq expirable (cdr expirable))))))

;; Suggested by Jack Vinson <vinson@unagi.cis.upenn.edu>.
(defun gnus-summary-delete-article (n)
  "Delete the N next (mail) articles.
This command actually deletes articles. This is not a marking
command. The article will disappear forever from you life, never to
return. 
If N is negative, delete backwards.
If N is nil and articles have been marked with the process mark,
delete these instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (or (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-expire-articles 
                                   gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (error "The current newsgroup does not support article deletion."))
  ;; Compute the list of articles to delete.
  (let ((articles (gnus-summary-work-articles n)))
    (if (and gnus-novice-user
             (not (gnus-y-or-n-p 
                   (format "Do you really want to delete %s forever? "
                           (if (> (length articles) 1) "these articles"
                             "this article")))))
        ()
      ;; Delete the articles.
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable 
            (gnus-request-expire-articles 
             articles gnus-newsgroup-name 'force))
      (while articles
        (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car articles))       
        ;; The backend might not have been able to delete the article
        ;; after all.  
        (or (memq (car articles) gnus-newsgroup-expirable)
            (gnus-summary-mark-as-read (car articles) gnus-canceled-mark))
        (setq articles (cdr articles))))))

(defun gnus-summary-edit-article ()
  "Enter into a buffer and edit the current article.
This will have permanent effect only in mail groups."
  (interactive)
  (or (gnus-check-backend-function 
       'request-replace-article gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (error "The current newsgroup does not support article editing."))
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (other-window 1)
  (message "C-c C-c to end edits")
  (setq buffer-read-only nil)
  (text-mode)
  (use-local-map (copy-keymap (current-local-map)))
  (local-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-summary-edit-article-done)
  (goto-char 1)
  (search-forward "\n\n" nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-edit-article-done ()
  "Make edits to the current article permanent."
  (interactive)
  (if (not (gnus-request-replace-article 
            (cdr gnus-article-current) (car gnus-article-current) 
            (current-buffer)))
      (error "Couldn't replace article.")
    (gnus-article-mode)
    (use-local-map gnus-article-mode-map)
    (setq buffer-read-only t)
    (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)))      

;; Summary score commands.

;; Suggested by boubaker@cenatls.cena.dgac.fr.

(defun gnus-summary-raise-score (n)
  "Raise the score of the current article by N."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-set-score (+ (gnus-summary-article-score) n)))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-score (n)
  "Lower the score of the current article by N."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-raise-score (- n)))

(defun gnus-summary-set-score (n)
  "Set the score of the current article to N."
  (interactive "p")
  ;; Skip dummy header line.
  (save-excursion
    (if (eq (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z)
        (forward-line 1))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      ;; Set score.
      (gnus-summary-update-mark
       (if (= n (or gnus-summary-default-score 0)) ? 
         (if (< n (or gnus-summary-default-score 0)) 
             gnus-score-below-mark gnus-score-over-mark)) 'score))
    (let* ((article (gnus-summary-article-number))
           (score (assq article gnus-newsgroup-scored)))
      (if score (setcdr score n)
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-scored 
              (cons (cons article n) gnus-newsgroup-scored))))
    (gnus-summary-update-line)))

;; Summary marking commands.

(defun gnus-summary-raise-same-subject-and-select (score)
  "Raise articles which has the same subject with SCORE and select the next."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((subject (gnus-summary-subject-string)))
    (gnus-summary-raise-score score)
    (while (gnus-summary-search-subject nil nil subject)
      (gnus-summary-raise-score score))
    (gnus-summary-next-article t)))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-same-subject (score)
  "Raise articles which has the same subject with SCORE."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((subject (gnus-summary-subject-string)))
    (gnus-summary-raise-score score)
    (while (gnus-summary-search-subject nil nil subject)
      (gnus-summary-raise-score score))
    (gnus-summary-next-subject 1 t)))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-thread (score)
  "Raise articles under current thread with SCORE."
  (interactive "p")
  (let (e)
    (save-excursion
      (let ((level (gnus-summary-thread-level)))
        (gnus-summary-raise-score score)
        (while (and (zerop (gnus-summary-next-subject 1))
                    (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level))
          (gnus-summary-raise-score score))
        (setq e (point))))
    (or (zerop (gnus-summary-next-subject 1 t))
        (goto-char e)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
  (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-same-subject-and-select (score)
  "Raise articles which has the same subject with SCORE and select the next."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-raise-same-subject-and-select (- score)))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-same-subject (score)
  "Raise articles which has the same subject with SCORE."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-raise-same-subject (- score)))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-thread (score)
  "Raise articles under current thread with SCORE."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-raise-thread (- score)))

(defun gnus-summary-kill-same-subject-and-select (unmark)
  "Mark articles which has the same subject as read, and then select the next.
If UNMARK is positive, remove any kind of mark.
If UNMARK is negative, tick articles."
  (interactive "P")
  (if unmark
      (setq unmark (prefix-numeric-value unmark)))
  (let ((count
         (gnus-summary-mark-same-subject
          (gnus-summary-subject-string) unmark)))
    ;; Select next unread article. If auto-select-same mode, should
    ;; select the first unread article.
    (gnus-summary-next-article t (and gnus-auto-select-same
                                      (gnus-summary-subject-string)))
    (message "%d articles are marked as %s"
             count (if unmark "unread" "read"))))

(defun gnus-summary-kill-same-subject (unmark)
  "Mark articles which has the same subject as read. 
If UNMARK is positive, remove any kind of mark.
If UNMARK is negative, tick articles."
  (interactive "P")
  (if unmark
      (setq unmark (prefix-numeric-value unmark)))
  (let ((count
         (gnus-summary-mark-same-subject
          (gnus-summary-subject-string) unmark)))
    ;; If marked as read, go to next unread subject.
    (if (null unmark)
        ;; Go to next unread subject.
        (gnus-summary-next-subject 1 t))
    (message "%d articles are marked as %s"
             count (if unmark "unread" "read"))))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-same-subject (subject &optional unmark)
  "Mark articles with same SUBJECT as read, and return marked number.
If optional argument UNMARK is positive, remove any kinds of marks.
If optional argument UNMARK is negative, mark articles as unread instead."
  (let ((count 1))
    (save-excursion
      (cond ((null unmark)
             (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-killed-mark))
            ((> unmark 0)
             (gnus-summary-tick-article nil t))
            (t
             (gnus-summary-tick-article)))
      (while (and subject
                  (gnus-summary-search-forward nil subject))
        (cond ((null unmark)
               (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-killed-mark))
              ((> unmark 0)
               (gnus-summary-tick-article nil t))
              (t
               (gnus-summary-tick-article)))
        (setq count (1+ count))))
    ;; Hide killed thread subtrees.  Does not work properly always.
    ;;(and (null unmark)
    ;;     gnus-thread-hide-killed
    ;;     (gnus-summary-hide-thread))
    ;; Return number of articles marked as read.
    count))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-processable (n &optional unmark)
  "Set the process mark on the next N articles.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  If UNMARK is non-nil, remove
the process mark instead.  The difference between N and the actual
number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and 
          (> n 0)
          (if unmark
              (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (gnus-summary-article-number))
            (gnus-summary-set-process-mark (gnus-summary-article-number)))
          (zerop (gnus-summary-next-subject (if backward -1 1))))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more articles"))
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-unmark-as-processable (n)
  "Remove the process mark from the next N articles.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  The difference between N and
the actual number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-as-processable n t))

(defun gnus-summary-unmark-all-processable ()
  "Remove the process mark from all articles."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (while gnus-newsgroup-processable
      (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car gnus-newsgroup-processable))))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable (n)
  "Mark N articles forward as expirable.
If N is negative, mark backward instead. The difference between N and
the actual number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-expirable-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-article-as-replied (article)
  "Mark ARTICLE replied and update the summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-replied (cons article gnus-newsgroup-replied))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (gnus-summary-update-mark gnus-replied-mark 'replied)
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-set-bookmark (article)
  "Set a bookmark in current article."
  (interactive (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))
  (if (or (not (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
          (not gnus-current-article)
          (not gnus-article-current)
          (not (equal gnus-newsgroup-name (car gnus-article-current))))
      (error "No current article selected"))
  ;; Remove old bookmark, if one exists.
  (let ((old (assq article gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)))
    (if old (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks 
                  (delq old gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks))))
  ;; Set the new bookmark, which is on the form 
  ;; (article-number . line-number-in-body).
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks 
        (cons 
         (cons article 
               (save-excursion
                 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
                 (count-lines
                  (min (point)
                       (save-excursion
                         (goto-char 1)
                         (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
                         (point)))
                  (point))))
         gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks))
  (message "A bookmark has been added to the current article."))

(defun gnus-summary-remove-bookmark (article)
  "Remove the bookmark from the current article."
  (interactive (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))
  ;; Remove old bookmark, if one exists.
  (let ((old (assq article gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)))
    (if old 
        (progn
          (setq gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks 
                (delq old gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks))
          (message "Removed bookmark."))
      (message "No bookmark in current article."))))

;; Suggested by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.
(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-dormant (n)
  "Mark N articles forward as dormant.
If N is negative, mark backward instead.  The difference between N and
the actual number of articles marked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-dormant-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-set-process-mark (article)
  "Set the process mark on ARTICLE and update the summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable (cons article gnus-newsgroup-processable))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (and (eq (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z)
               (forward-line 1))
          (gnus-summary-update-mark gnus-process-mark 'replied)
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (article)
  "Remove the process mark from ARTICLE and update the summary line."
  (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable (delq article gnus-newsgroup-processable))
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (and (eq (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z)
               (forward-line 1))
          (gnus-summary-update-mark ?  'replied)
          (if (memq article gnus-newsgroup-replied) 
              (gnus-summary-update-mark gnus-replied-mark 'replied))
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-forward (n &optional mark no-expire)
  "Mark N articles as read forwards.
If N is negative, mark backwards instead.
Mark with MARK. If MARK is ? , ?! or ??, articles will be
marked as unread. 
The difference between N and the actual number of articles marked is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n))
        (mark (or mark gnus-dread-mark)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-summary-mark-article nil mark no-expire)
              (zerop (gnus-summary-next-subject 
                      (if backward -1 1) gnus-summary-goto-unread)))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more %sarticles" (if mark "" "unread ")))
  (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-article (&optional article mark no-expire)
  "Mark ARTICLE with MARK.
MARK can be any character.
Five MARK strings are reserved: ?  (unread), 
?! (ticked), ?? (dormant), ?D (read), ?E (expirable).
If MARK is nil, then the default character ?D is used.
If ARTICLE is nil, then the article on the current line will be
marked." 
  ;; If no mark is given, then we check auto-expiring.
  (and (not no-expire)
       gnus-newsgroup-auto-expire 
       (or (not mark)
           (and (numberp mark) (or (= mark gnus-killed-mark)
                                   (= mark gnus-dread-mark)
                                   (= mark gnus-catchup-mark)
                                   (= mark gnus-low-score-mark)
                                   (= mark gnus-read-mark))))
       (setq mark gnus-expirable-mark))
  (let* ((buffer-read-only nil)
         (mark (or (and (stringp mark) (aref mark 0)) mark gnus-dread-mark))
         (article (or article (gnus-summary-article-number))))
    (if (or (= mark gnus-unread-mark) 
            (= mark gnus-ticked-mark) 
            (= mark gnus-dormant-mark))
        (gnus-mark-article-as-unread article mark)
      (gnus-mark-article-as-read article mark))
    (if (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (progn
          (gnus-summary-show-thread)
          (beginning-of-line)
          (and (eq (gnus-summary-article-mark) ?Z)
               (forward-line 1))
          ;; Fix the mark.
          (gnus-summary-update-mark mark 'unread)
          t))))

(defun gnus-summary-update-mark (mark type)
  (beginning-of-line)
  (let ((forward (cdr (assq type gnus-summary-mark-positions)))
        plist)
    (if (not forward)
        ()
      (forward-char forward)
      (setq plist (text-properties-at (point)))
      (delete-char 1)
      (and (memq 'gnus-mark plist) (setcar (cdr (memq 'gnus-mark plist)) mark))
      (insert mark)
      (and plist (add-text-properties (1- (point)) (point) plist))
      (gnus-summary-update-line (eq mark gnus-unread-mark)))))
  
(defun gnus-mark-article-as-read (article &optional mark)
  "Enter ARTICLE in the pertinent lists and remove it from others."
  ;; Make the article expirable.
  (let ((mark (or (and (stringp mark) (aref mark 0)) mark gnus-dread-mark)))
    (if (= mark gnus-expirable-mark)
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable (cons article gnus-newsgroup-expirable))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable (delq article gnus-newsgroup-expirable)))
    ;; Remove from unread and marked lists.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
          (delq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked
          (delq article gnus-newsgroup-marked))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant
          (delq article gnus-newsgroup-dormant))))

(defun gnus-mark-article-as-unread (article &optional mark)
  "Enter ARTICLE in the pertinent lists and remove it from others."
  (let ((mark (or (and (stringp mark) (aref mark 0)) mark gnus-ticked-mark)))
    ;; Add to unread list.
    (or (memq article gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads
              (cons article gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
    ;; If CLEAR-MARK is non-nil, the article must be removed from marked
    ;; list.  Otherwise, it must be added to the list.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked
          (delq article gnus-newsgroup-marked))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant
          (delq article gnus-newsgroup-dormant))
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-expirable 
          (delq article gnus-newsgroup-expirable))
    (if (= mark gnus-ticked-mark)
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-marked 
              (cons article gnus-newsgroup-marked)))
    (if (= mark gnus-dormant-mark)
        (setq gnus-newsgroup-dormant 
              (cons article gnus-newsgroup-dormant)))))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-forward 
  'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-forward 
               'gnus-summary-tick-article-forward)
(defun gnus-summary-tick-article-forward (n)
  "Tick N articles forwards.
If N is negative, tick backwards instead.
The difference between N and the number of articles ticked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-ticked-mark))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-backward 
  'gnus-summary-tick-article-backward)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread-backward 
               'gnus-summary-tick-article-backward)
(defun gnus-summary-tick-article-backward (n)
  "Tick N articles backwards.
The difference between N and the number of articles ticked is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward (- n) gnus-ticked-mark))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread 'gnus-summary-tick-article)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-mark-as-unread 'gnus-summary-tick-article)
(defun gnus-summary-tick-article (&optional article clear-mark)
  "Mark current article as unread.
Optional 1st argument ARTICLE specifies article number to be marked as unread.
Optional 2nd argument CLEAR-MARK remove any kinds of mark."
  (gnus-summary-mark-article article (if clear-mark gnus-unread-mark
                                       gnus-ticked-mark)))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-read-forward (n)
  "Mark N articles as read forwards.
If N is negative, mark backwards instead.
The difference between N and the actual number of articles marked is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-dread-mark t))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-read-backward (n)
  "Mark the N articles as read backwards.
The difference between N and the actual number of articles marked is
returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward (- n) gnus-dread-mark t))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-as-read (&optional article mark)
  "Mark current article as read.
ARTICLE specifies the article to be marked as read.
MARK specifies a string to be inserted at the beginning of the line."
  (gnus-summary-mark-article article mark))

(defun gnus-summary-clear-mark-forward (n)
  "Clear marks from N articles forward.
If N is negative, clear backward instead.
The difference between N and the number of marks cleared is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward n gnus-unread-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-clear-mark-backward (n)
  "Clear marks from N articles backward.
The difference between N and the number of marks cleared is returned."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-mark-forward (- n) gnus-unread-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-unread-as-read ()
  "Intended to be used by `gnus-summary-mark-article-hook'."
  (or (memq gnus-current-article gnus-newsgroup-marked)
      (memq gnus-current-article gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
      (memq gnus-current-article gnus-newsgroup-expirable)
      (gnus-summary-mark-as-read gnus-current-article gnus-read-mark)))

;; Fix by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defalias 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-as-read 
  'gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-as-read)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-as-read 
               'gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-as-read)
(defun gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-as-read ()
  "Remove lines that are marked as read."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-with 
   (concat (mapconcat
            (lambda (char) (char-to-string (symbol-value char)))
            '(gnus-dread-mark gnus-read-mark
              gnus-killed-mark gnus-kill-file-mark
              gnus-low-score-mark gnus-expirable-mark)
            ""))))

(defalias 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-with 
  'gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-with)
(make-obsolete 'gnus-summary-delete-marked-with 
               'gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-with)
;; Rewrite by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.
(defun gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-with (marks)
  "Remove lines that are marked with MARKS (e.g. \"DK\")."
  (interactive "sMarks: ")
  ;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
          (marks (concat "^[" marks "]")))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (search-forward-regexp marks (point-max) t)
        (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                       (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))))
    (or (zerop (buffer-size))
        (if (eobp)
            (gnus-summary-prev-subject 1)
          (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))))

(defun gnus-summary-expunge-below (score)
  "Remove articles with score less than SCORE."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq score (if score
                  (prefix-numeric-value score)
                (or gnus-summary-default-score 0)))
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
          beg)
      (while (not (eobp))
        (if (< (gnus-summary-article-score) score)
            (progn
              (setq beg (point))
              (forward-line 1)
              (delete-region beg (point)))
          (forward-line 1)))
      ;; Adjust point.
      (or (zerop (buffer-size))
          (if (eobp)
              (gnus-summary-prev-subject 1)
            (gnus-summary-position-cursor))))))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-below (score mark)
  "Mark articles with score less than SCORE with MARK."
  (interactive "P\ncMark: ")
  (setq score (if score
                  (prefix-numeric-value score)
                (or gnus-summary-default-score 0)))
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (while (not (eobp))
      (and (< (gnus-summary-article-score) score)
           (gnus-summary-mark-article nil mark))
      (forward-line 1))))

(defun gnus-summary-kill-below (score)
  "Mark articles with score below SCORE as read."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-mark-below score gnus-killed-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-clear-above (score)
  "Clear all marks from articles with score above SCORE."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-mark-above score gnus-unread-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-tick-above (score)
  "Tick all articles with score above SCORE."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-mark-above score gnus-ticked-mark))

(defun gnus-summary-mark-above (score mark)
  "Mark articles with score over SCORE with MARK."
  (interactive "P\ncMark: ")
  (setq score (if score
                  (prefix-numeric-value score)
                (or gnus-summary-default-score 0)))
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (while (not (eobp))
      (if (> (gnus-summary-article-score) score)
          (progn
            (gnus-summary-mark-article nil mark)
            (forward-line 1))
        (forward-line 1)))))

;; Suggested by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.  
(defun gnus-summary-show-all-expunged ()
  "Display all the hidden articles that were expunged for low scores."
  (interactive)
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (let ((scored gnus-newsgroup-scored)
          headers h)
      (while scored
        (or (gnus-summary-goto-subject (car (car scored)))
            (and (setq h (gnus-get-header-by-number (car (car scored))))
                 (< (cdr (car scored)) gnus-summary-expunge-below)
                 (setq headers (cons h headers))))
        (setq scored (cdr scored)))
      (or headers (error "No expunged articles hidden."))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (save-excursion 
        (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (nreverse headers) 0)))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-show-all-dormant ()
  "Display all the hidden articles that are marked as dormant."
  (interactive)
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (let ((dormant gnus-newsgroup-dormant)
          headers h)
      (while dormant
        (or (gnus-summary-goto-subject (car dormant))
            (and (setq h (gnus-get-header-by-number (car dormant)))
                 (setq headers (cons h headers))))
        (setq dormant (cdr dormant)))
      (or headers (error "No dormant articles hidden."))
      (save-excursion (gnus-summary-prepare-threads (nreverse headers) 0)))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-hide-all-dormant ()
  "Hide all dormant articles."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-remove-lines-marked-with (char-to-string gnus-dormant-mark))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup (all &optional quietly to-here)
  "Mark all articles not marked as unread in this newsgroup as read.
If prefix argument ALL is non-nil, all articles are marked as read.
If QUIETLY is non-nil, no questions will be asked.
If TO-HERE is non-nil, it should be a point in the buffer. All
articles before this point will be marked as read.
The number of articles marked as read is returned."
  (interactive "P")
  (prog1
      (if (or quietly
              (not gnus-interactive-catchup) ;Without confirmation?
              gnus-expert-user
              (gnus-y-or-n-p
               (if all
                   "Mark absolutely all articles as read? "
                 "Mark all unread articles as read? ")))
          (let ((unreads (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads)))
            (if (gnus-summary-first-subject (not all))
                (while (and (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-catchup-mark)
                            (if to-here (< (point) to-here) t)
                            (gnus-summary-search-subject nil (not all)))))
            (- unreads (length gnus-newsgroup-unreads))
            (or to-here
                (setq gnus-newsgroup-unreads gnus-newsgroup-marked))))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-to-here (&optional all)
  "Mark all unticked articles before the current one as read.
If ALL is non-nil, also mark ticked and dormant articles as read."
  (interactive)
  (beginning-of-line)
  (gnus-summary-catchup all t (point))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-all (&optional quietly)
  "Mark all articles in this newsgroup as read."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-catchup t quietly))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit (all &optional quietly)
  "Mark all articles not marked as unread in this newsgroup as read, then exit.
If prefix argument ALL is non-nil, all articles are marked as read."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-catchup all quietly)
  ;; Select next newsgroup or exit.
  (if (eq gnus-auto-select-next 'quietly)
      (gnus-summary-next-group nil)
    (gnus-summary-exit)))

(defun gnus-summary-catchup-all-and-exit (&optional quietly)
  "Mark all articles in this newsgroup as read, and then exit."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-catchup-and-exit t quietly))

;; Suggested by "Arne Eofsson" <arne@hodgkin.mbi.ucla.edu>.
(defun gnus-summary-catchup-and-goto-next-group (all)
  "Mark all articles in this group as read and select the next group.
If given a prefix, mark all articles, unread as well as ticked, as
read." 
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-catchup all)
  (gnus-summary-next-group))

;; Thread-based commands.

(defun gnus-summary-toggle-threads (arg)
  "Toggle showing conversation threads.
If ARG is positive number, turn showing conversation threads on."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((current (or (gnus-summary-article-number) gnus-newsgroup-end)))
    (setq gnus-show-threads
          (if (null arg) (not gnus-show-threads)
            (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
    (gnus-summary-prepare)
    (gnus-summary-goto-subject current)
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-show-all-threads ()
  "Show all threads."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (subst-char-in-region (point-min) (point-max) ?\^M ?\n t)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-show-thread ()
  "Show thread subtrees.
Returns nil if no thread was there to be shown."
  (interactive)
  (prog1
      (save-excursion
        (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
              (beg (progn (beginning-of-line) (point)))
              (end (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point))))
          (prog1
              ;; Any hidden lines here?
              (search-forward "\r" end t)
            (subst-char-in-region beg end ?\^M ?\n t))))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)))

(defun gnus-summary-hide-all-threads ()
  "Hide all thread subtrees."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (gnus-summary-hide-thread)
    (while (and (not (eobp)) (zerop (forward-line 1)))
      (gnus-summary-hide-thread)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor))

(defun gnus-summary-hide-thread ()
  "Hide thread subtrees.
Returns nil if no threads were there to be hidden."
  (interactive)
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        (start (point))
        (level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
        (end (point)))
    ;; Go forward until either the buffer ends or the subthread
    ;; ends. 
    (if (eobp)
        ()
      (while (and (zerop (forward-line 1))
                  (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level))
        (setq end (point)))
      (prog1
          (save-excursion
            (goto-char end)
            (search-backward "\n" start t))
        (subst-char-in-region start end ?\n ?\^M t)
        (forward-line -1)))))

(defun gnus-summary-go-to-next-thread (&optional previous)
  "Go to the same level (or less) next thread.
If PREVIOUS is non-nil, go to previous thread instead.
Return the article number moved to, or nil if moving was impossible."
  (let ((level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
        (article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (if previous 
        (while (and (zerop (gnus-summary-prev-subject 1))
                    (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level)))
      (while (and (zerop (gnus-summary-next-subject 1))
                  (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level))))
    (let ((oart (gnus-summary-article-number)))
      (and (/= oart article) oart))))

(defun gnus-summary-next-thread (n)
  "Go to the same level next N'th thread.
If N is negative, search backward instead.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((backward (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (gnus-summary-go-to-next-thread backward))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "No more threads"))
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-prev-thread (n)
  "Go to the same level previous N'th thread.
Returns the difference between N and the number of skips actually
done."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-next-thread (- n)))

(defun gnus-summary-go-down-thread (&optional same)
  "Go down one level in the current thread.
If SAME is non-nil, also move to articles of the same level."
  (let ((level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
        (start (point)))
    (if (and (zerop (forward-line 1))
             (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level))
        t
      (goto-char start)
      nil)))

(defun gnus-summary-go-up-thread ()
  "Go up one level in the current thread."
  (let ((level (gnus-summary-thread-level))
        (start (point)))
    (while (and (zerop (forward-line -1))
                (>= (gnus-summary-thread-level) level)))
    (if (>= (gnus-summary-thread-level) level)
        (progn
          (goto-char start)
          nil)
      t)))

(defun gnus-summary-down-thread (n)
  "Go down thread N steps.
If N is negative, go up instead.
Returns the difference between N and how many steps down that were
taken."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((up (< n 0))
        (n (abs n)))
  (while (and (> n 0)
              (if up (gnus-summary-go-up-thread)
                (gnus-summary-go-down-thread)))
    (setq n (1- n)))
  (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
  (if (/= 0 n) (message "Can't go further"))
  n))

(defun gnus-summary-up-thread (n)
  "Go up thread N steps.
If N is negative, go up instead.
Returns the difference between N and how many steps down that were
taken."
  (interactive "p")
  (gnus-summary-down-thread (- n)))

(defun gnus-summary-kill-thread (unmark)
  "Mark articles under current thread as read.
If the prefix argument is positive, remove any kinds of marks.
If the prefix argument is negative, tick articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (if unmark
      (setq unmark (prefix-numeric-value unmark)))
  (let ((killing t)
        (level (gnus-summary-thread-level)))
    (save-excursion
      (while killing
        ;; Mark the article...
        (cond ((null unmark) (gnus-summary-mark-as-read nil gnus-killed-mark))
              ((> unmark 0) (gnus-summary-tick-article nil t))
              (t (gnus-summary-tick-article)))
        ;; ...and go forward until either the buffer ends or the subtree
        ;; ends. 
        (if (not (and (zerop (forward-line 1))
                      (> (gnus-summary-thread-level) level)))
            (setq killing nil))))
    ;; Hide killed subtrees.
    (and (null unmark)
         gnus-thread-hide-killed
         (gnus-summary-hide-thread))
    ;; If marked as read, go to next unread subject.
    (if (null unmark)
        ;; Go to next unread subject.
        (gnus-summary-next-subject 1 t)))
  (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary))

;; Summary sorting commands

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-number (reverse)
  "Sort summary buffer by article number.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-sort 
   (cons 'gnus-summary-article-number 'gnus-thread-sort-by-number) reverse))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-author (reverse)
  "Sort summary buffer by author name alphabetically.
If case-fold-search is non-nil, case of letters is ignored.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-sort
   (cons
    (lambda ()
      (let ((extract (funcall
                      gnus-extract-address-components
                      (header-from (gnus-get-header-by-number
                                    (gnus-summary-article-number))))))
        (or (car extract) (cdr extract))))
    'gnus-thread-sort-by-author)
   reverse))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-subject (reverse)
  "Sort summary buffer by subject alphabetically. `Re:'s are ignored.
If case-fold-search is non-nil, case of letters is ignored.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-sort
   (cons
    (lambda ()
      (downcase (gnus-simplify-subject (gnus-summary-subject-string))))
    'gnus-thread-sort-by-subject)
   reverse))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-date (reverse)
  "Sort summary buffer by date.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-sort
   (cons
    (lambda ()
      (gnus-sortable-date
       (header-date 
        (gnus-get-header-by-number (gnus-summary-article-number)))))
    'gnus-thread-sort-by-date)
   reverse))

(defun gnus-summary-sort-by-score (reverse)
  "Sort summary buffer by score.
Argument REVERSE means reverse order."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-sort 
   (cons 'gnus-summary-article-score 'gnus-thread-sort-by-score)
   (not reverse)))

(defvar gnus-summary-already-sorted nil)
(defun gnus-summary-sort (predicate reverse)
  ;; Sort summary buffer by PREDICATE.  REVERSE means reverse order. 
  (if gnus-summary-already-sorted
      ()
    (let (buffer-read-only)
      (if (not gnus-show-threads)
          (progn
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (sort-subr reverse 'forward-line 'end-of-line (car predicate)))
        (let ((gnus-thread-sort-functions (list (cdr predicate)))
              (gnus-summary-already-sorted nil))
          (gnus-summary-prepare))))))
  
(defun gnus-sortable-date (date)
  "Make sortable string by string-lessp from DATE.
Timezone package is used."
  (let* ((date   (timezone-fix-time date nil nil)) ;[Y M D H M S]
         (year   (aref date 0))
         (month  (aref date 1))
         (day    (aref date 2)))
    (timezone-make-sortable-date 
     year month day 
     (timezone-make-time-string
      (aref date 3) (aref date 4) (aref date 5)))))


;; Summary saving commands.

(defun gnus-summary-save-article (n)
  "Save the current article using the default saver function.
If N is a positive number, save the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, save the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
save those articles instead.
The variable `gnus-default-article-saver' specifies the saver function."
  (interactive "P")
  (let (articles process)
    (if (and n (numberp n))
        (let ((backward (< n 0))
              (n (abs n)))
          (save-excursion
            (while (and (> n 0)
                        (setq articles (cons (gnus-summary-article-number) 
                                             articles))
                        (gnus-summary-search-forward nil nil backward))
              (setq n (1- n))))
          (setq articles (sort articles (function <))))
      (if gnus-newsgroup-processable
          (progn
            (setq articles (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable
                                 (nreverse gnus-newsgroup-processable)))
            (setq process t))
        (setq articles (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))))
    (while articles
      (let ((header (gnus-gethash (int-to-string (car articles))
                                  gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)))
        (if (vectorp header)
            (progn
              (gnus-summary-select-article t nil nil (car articles))
              (or gnus-save-all-headers
                  (gnus-article-hide-headers t))
              ;; Remove any X-Gnus lines.
              (save-excursion
                (save-restriction
                  (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
                  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
                    (goto-char (point-min))
                    (narrow-to-region (point) (or (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
                                                  (point-max)))
                    (while (re-search-forward "^X-Gnus" nil t)
                      (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                                     (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
                    (widen))))
              (if gnus-default-article-saver
                  (funcall gnus-default-article-saver)
                (error "No default saver is defined.")))
          (if (assq 'name header)
              (gnus-copy-file (cdr (assq 'name header)))
            (message "Article %d is unsaveable" (car articles)))))
      (if process
          (gnus-summary-remove-process-mark (car articles)))
      (setq articles (cdr articles)))
    (if process (setq gnus-newsgroup-processable 
                      (nreverse gnus-newsgroup-processable)))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
    n))

(defun gnus-summary-pipe-output (arg)
  "Pipe the current article to a subprocess.
If N is a positive number, pipe the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, pipe the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
pipe those articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-default-article-saver 'gnus-summary-save-in-pipe))
    (gnus-summary-save-article arg)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-article-mail (arg)
  "Append the current article to an mail file.
If N is a positive number, save the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, save the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
save those articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-default-article-saver 'gnus-summary-save-in-mail))
    (gnus-summary-save-article arg)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-article-rmail (arg)
  "Append the current article to an rmail file.
If N is a positive number, save the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, save the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
save those articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-default-article-saver 'gnus-summary-save-in-rmail))
    (gnus-summary-save-article arg)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-article-file (arg)
  "Append the current article to a file.
If N is a positive number, save the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, save the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
save those articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-default-article-saver 'gnus-summary-save-in-file))
    (gnus-summary-save-article arg)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-article-folder (arg)
  "Append the current article to an mh folder.
If N is a positive number, save the N next articles.
If N is a negative number, save the N previous articles.
If N is nil and any articles have been marked with the process mark,
save those articles instead."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-default-article-saver 'gnus-summary-save-in-folder))
    (gnus-summary-save-article arg)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-rmail (&optional filename)
  "Append this article to Rmail file.
Optional argument FILENAME specifies file name.
Directory to save to is default to `gnus-article-save-directory' which
is initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable."
  (interactive)
  (let ((default-name
          (funcall gnus-rmail-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                   gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail)))
    (or filename
        (setq filename
              (read-file-name
               (concat "Save in rmail file: (default "
                       (file-name-nondirectory default-name) ") ")
               (file-name-directory default-name)
               default-name)))
    (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory filename))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-excursion
       (save-restriction
         (widen)
         (gnus-output-to-rmail filename))))
    ;; Remember the directory name to save articles.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-rmail filename)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-mail (&optional filename)
  "Append this article to Unix mail file.
Optional argument FILENAME specifies file name.
Directory to save to is default to `gnus-article-save-directory' which
is initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable."
  (interactive)
  (let ((default-name
          (funcall gnus-mail-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                   gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-mail)))
    (or filename
        (setq filename
              (read-file-name
               (concat "Save in Unix mail file: (default "
                       (file-name-nondirectory default-name) ") ")
               (file-name-directory default-name)
               default-name)))
    (setq filename
          (expand-file-name filename
                            (and default-name
                                 (file-name-directory default-name))))
    (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory filename))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-excursion
       (save-restriction
         (widen)
         (if (and (file-readable-p filename) (rmail-file-p filename))
             (gnus-output-to-rmail filename)
           (rmail-output filename 1 t t)))))
    ;; Remember the directory name to save articles.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-mail filename)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-file (&optional filename)
  "Append this article to file.
Optional argument FILENAME specifies file name.
Directory to save to is default to `gnus-article-save-directory' which
is initialized from the SAVEDIR environment variable."
  (interactive)
  (let ((default-name
          (funcall gnus-file-save-name gnus-newsgroup-name
                   gnus-current-headers gnus-newsgroup-last-file)))
    (or filename
        (setq filename
              (read-file-name
               (concat "Save in file: (default "
                       (file-name-nondirectory default-name) ") ")
               (file-name-directory default-name)
               default-name)))
    (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory filename))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-excursion
       (save-restriction
         (widen)
         (gnus-output-to-file filename))))
    ;; Remember the directory name to save articles.
    (setq gnus-newsgroup-last-file filename)))

(defun gnus-summary-save-in-pipe (&optional command)
  "Pipe this article to subprocess."
  (interactive)
  (let ((command (read-string "Shell command on article: "
                              gnus-last-shell-command)))
    (if (string-equal command "")
        (setq command gnus-last-shell-command))
    (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window 
     gnus-article-buffer
     (save-restriction
       (widen)
       (shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) command nil)))
    (setq gnus-last-shell-command command)))

;; Summary extract commands

(defun gnus-summary-insert-pseudos (pslist)
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
        (article (gnus-summary-article-number))
        b)
    (or (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
        (error (format "No such article: %d" article)))
    (or gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
        (gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number))
    (gnus-summary-position-cursor)
    (if gnus-view-pseudos
        (while pslist
          (and (assq 'execute (car pslist))
               (gnus-execute-command (cdr (assq 'execute (car pslist)))
                                     (eq gnus-view-pseudos 'not-confirm)))
          (setq pslist (cdr pslist)))
      (save-excursion
        (while pslist
          (gnus-summary-goto-subject (or (cdr (assq 'article (car pslist)))
                                         (gnus-summary-article-number)))
          (forward-line 1)
          (setq b (point))
          (insert "          " (file-name-nondirectory 
                                (cdr (assq 'name (car pslist))))
                  ": " (or (cdr (assq 'execute (car pslist))) "") "\n")
          (add-text-properties 
           b (1+ b) (list 'gnus-subject (cdr (assq 'name (car pslist)))
                          'gnus-number gnus-reffed-article-number
                          'gnus-mark gnus-unread-mark
                          'gnus-pseudo (car pslist)
                          'gnus-thread 0))
          (gnus-sethash (int-to-string gnus-reffed-article-number)
                        (car pslist) gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)
          (setq gnus-reffed-article-number (1- gnus-reffed-article-number))
          (setq pslist (cdr pslist)))))))

(defun gnus-request-pseudo-article (props)
  (cond ((assq 'execute props)
         (gnus-execute-command (cdr (assq 'execute props)))))
  (let ((gnus-current-article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (run-hooks 'gnus-mark-article-hook)))

(defun gnus-execute-command (command &optional automatic)
  (save-excursion
    (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((command (if automatic command (read-string "Command: " command)))
          (buffer-read-only nil))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert "$ " command "\n\n")
      (if gnus-view-pseudo-asynchronously
          (start-process "gnus-execute" nil "sh" "-c" command)
        (call-process "sh" nil t nil "-c" command)))))

(defun gnus-copy-file (file &optional to)
  "Copy FILE to TO."
  (interactive
   (list (read-file-name "Copy file: " default-directory)
         (read-file-name "Copy file to: " default-directory)))
  (or to (setq to (read-file-name "Copy file to: " default-directory)))
  (and (file-directory-p to) 
       (setq to (concat (file-name-as-directory to)
                        (file-name-nondirectory file))))
  (copy-file file to))

;; Summary score file commands

;; Much modification of the kill (ahem, score) code and lots of the
;; functions are written by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.

(defun gnus-summary-header (header)
  ;; Return HEADER for current articles, or error.
  (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (if article
        (aref (gnus-get-header-by-number article)
              (nth 1 (assoc header gnus-header-index)))
      (error "No article on current line"))))

(defun gnus-summary-score-entry (header match type score date &optional prompt)
  "Enter score file entry.
HEADER is the header being scored.
MATCH is the string we are looking for.
TYPE is a flag indicating if it is a regexp or substring.
SCORE is the score to add.
DATE is the expire date."
  (interactive
   (list (completing-read "Header: "
                          gnus-header-index
                          (lambda (x) (fboundp (nth 2 x)))
                          t)
         (read-string "Match: ")
         (y-or-n-p "Use regexp match? ")
         (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg)
         (if (y-or-n-p "Expire kill? ")
             (current-time-string)
           nil)))
  (let ((score (gnus-score-default score))
        (header (downcase header)))
    (and prompt (setq match (read-string 
                             (format "Match %s on %s, %s: " 
                                     (if date "temp" "permanent") 
                                     header
                                     (if (< score 0) "lower" "raise"))
                             match)))
    (and (>= (nth 1 (assoc header gnus-header-index)) 0)
         (gnus-summary-score-effect header match type score))
    (and (= score gnus-score-interactive-default-score)
         (setq score nil))
    (let ((new (cond (type
                  (list match score (and date (gnus-day-number date)) type))
                 (date
                  (list match score (gnus-day-number date)))
                 (score
                  (list match score))
                 (t
                  (list match))))
          (old (gnus-score-get header)))
      (gnus-score-set
       header
       (if old (cons new old) (list new))))
    (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t))))

(defun gnus-summary-score-effect (header match type score)
  "Simulate the effect of a score file entry.
HEADER is the header being scored.
MATCH is the string we are looking for.
TYPE is a flag indicating if it is a regexp or substring.
SCORE is the score to add."
  (interactive (list (completing-read "Header: "
                                      gnus-header-index
                                      (lambda (x) (fboundp (nth 2 x)))
                                      t)
                     (read-string "Match: ")
                     (y-or-n-p "Use regexp match? ")
                     (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg)))
  (save-excursion
    (or (and (stringp match) (> (length match) 0))
      (error "No match"))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (let ((regexp (if type
                      match
                    (concat "\\`.*" (regexp-quote match) ".*\\'"))))
      (while (not (eobp))
        (let ((content (gnus-summary-header header))
              (case-fold-search t))
          (and content
               (if (string-match regexp content)
                   (gnus-summary-raise-score score))))
        (beginning-of-line 2)))))

(defun gnus-summary-score-crossposting (score date)
   ;; Enter score file entry for current crossposting.
   ;; SCORE is the score to add.
   ;; DATE is the expire date.
   (let ((xref (gnus-summary-header "xref"))
         (start 0)
         group)
     (or xref (error "This article is not crossposted"))
     (while (string-match " \\([^ \t]+\\):" xref start)
       (setq start (match-end 0))
       (if (not (string= 
                 (setq group 
                       (substring xref (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
                 gnus-newsgroup-name))
           (gnus-summary-score-entry
            "xref" (concat " " group ":") nil score date t)))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-subject (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current subject.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "subject" (gnus-simplify-subject-re (gnus-summary-header "subject"))
   nil (- (gnus-score-default level))
   (current-time-string) t))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-author (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current author.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "from" (gnus-summary-header "from") nil (- (gnus-score-default level)) 
   (current-time-string) t))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-body (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for a match on the body of the article.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "body" "" nil (- (gnus-score-default level)) (current-time-string) t))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-id (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current message-id.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "message-id" (gnus-summary-header "message-id") 
   nil (- (gnus-score-default level)) 
   (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-xref (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current xref.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-crossposting 
   (- (gnus-score-default level)) (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-lower-by-thread (level)
  "Temporarily lower score by LEVEL for current thread.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "references" (gnus-summary-header "message-id")
   nil (- (gnus-score-default level)) (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-subject (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current subject."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "subject" (gnus-simplify-subject-re (gnus-summary-header "subject"))
   nil (- (gnus-score-default level)) 
   nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-author (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current author."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "from" (gnus-summary-header "from") nil 
   (- (gnus-score-default level)) nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-body (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for a match on the body of the article."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "body" "" nil (- (gnus-score-default level)) nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-id (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current message-id."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "message-id" (gnus-summary-header "message-id") nil 
   (- (gnus-score-default level)) nil))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-by-xref (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for current xref."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-crossposting (- (gnus-score-default level)) nil))

(defun gnus-summary-lower-followups-to-author (level)
  "Lower score by LEVEL for all followups to the current author."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author
   (- (gnus-score-default level))))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-subject (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current subject.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "subject" (gnus-simplify-subject-re (gnus-summary-header "subject"))
   nil level (current-time-string) t))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-author (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current author.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "from" (gnus-summary-header "from") nil level (current-time-string) t))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-body (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for a match on the body of the article.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry "body" "" nil level (current-time-string) t))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-id (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current message-id.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "message-id" (gnus-summary-header "message-id") 
   nil level (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-xref (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current xref.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-crossposting level (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-temporarily-raise-by-thread (level)
  "Temporarily raise score by LEVEL for current thread.
See `gnus-score-expiry-days'."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "references" (gnus-summary-header "message-id")
   nil level (current-time-string)))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-subject (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for current subject."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "subject" (gnus-simplify-subject-re (gnus-summary-header "subject"))
   nil level nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-author (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for current author."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "from" (gnus-summary-header "from") nil level nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-body (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for a match on the body of the article."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry "body" "" nil level nil t))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-id (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for current message-id."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-entry
   "message-id" (gnus-summary-header "message-id") nil level nil))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-by-xref (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for current xref."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-summary-score-crossposting level nil))

(defun gnus-summary-raise-followups-to-author (level)
  "Raise score by LEVEL for all followups to the current author."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
    (if article (setq gnus-current-headers (gnus-get-header-by-number article))
      (error "No article on current line")))
  (gnus-kill-file-raise-followups-to-author
   (gnus-score-default level)))

;; Summary kill commands.

(defun gnus-summary-edit-global-kill (article)
  "Edit the global score file."
  (interactive (list (gnus-summary-article-number)))
  (gnus-group-edit-global-kill article))

(defun gnus-summary-edit-local-kill ()
  "Edit a local score file applied to the current newsgroup."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-current-headers 
        (gnus-gethash 
         (int-to-string (gnus-summary-article-number))
         gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number))
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (gnus-group-edit-local-kill 
   (gnus-summary-article-number) gnus-newsgroup-name))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus article mode
;;;

(put 'gnus-article-mode 'mode-class 'special)

(if gnus-article-mode-map
    nil
  (setq gnus-article-mode-map (make-keymap))
  (suppress-keymap gnus-article-mode-map)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map " " 'gnus-article-next-page)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "\177" 'gnus-article-prev-page)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "\C-c^" 'gnus-article-refer-article)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "h" 'gnus-article-show-summary)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "s" 'gnus-article-show-summary)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "\C-c\C-m" 'gnus-article-mail)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "\C-c\C-M" 'gnus-article-mail-with-original)
  (define-key gnus-article-mode-map "?" 'gnus-article-describe-briefly)
  
  ;; Duplicate almost all summary keystrokes in the article mode map.
  (let ((commands 
         (list "#" "\M-#" "\C-c\M-#" "\r" "n" "p"
               "N" "P" "\M-\C-n" "\M-\C-p" "." "\M-s" "\M-r"
               "<" ">" "l" "j" "^" "\M-^" "-" "u" "U" "d" "D"
               "\M-u" "\M-U" "k" "\C-k" "\M-\C-k" "c" "x" "X" 
               "\M-\C-x" "\M-\177" "b" "B" "$" "w" "\C-c\C-r"
               "t" "\M-t" "a" "f" "F" "C" "S" "r" "R" "\C-c\C-f"
               "m" "o" "\C-o" "|" "\M-m" "\M-\C-m" "\M-k" "m" "M"
               "V" "\C-c\C-d" "q" "Q")))
    (while commands
      (define-key gnus-article-mode-map (car commands) 
        'gnus-article-summary-command)
      (setq commands (cdr commands)))))


(defun gnus-article-mode ()
  "Major mode for displaying an article.

All normal editing commands are switched off.

The following commands are available:

\\<gnus-article-mode-map>
\\[gnus-article-next-page]\t Scroll the article one page forwards
\\[gnus-article-prev-page]\t Scroll the article one page backwards
\\[gnus-article-refer-article]\t Go to the article referred to by an article id near point
\\[gnus-article-show-summary]\t Display the summary buffer
\\[gnus-article-mail]\t Send a reply to the address near point
\\[gnus-article-mail-with-original]\t Send a reply to the address near point; include the original article
\\[gnus-article-describe-briefly]\t Describe the current mode briefly
\\[gnus-info-find-node]\t Go to the Gnus info node"
  (interactive)
  (if gnus-visual (gnus-article-make-menu-bar))
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (setq mode-line-modified "-- ")
  (make-local-variable 'mode-line-format)
  (setq mode-line-format (copy-sequence mode-line-format))
  (and (equal (nth 3 mode-line-format) "   ")
       (setcar (nthcdr 3 mode-line-format) ""))
  (setq mode-name "Article")
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-article-mode)
  (make-local-variable 'minor-mode-alist)
  (or (assq 'gnus-show-mime minor-mode-alist)
      (setq minor-mode-alist
            (cons (list 'gnus-show-mime " MIME") minor-mode-alist)))
  (use-local-map gnus-article-mode-map)
  (make-local-variable 'page-delimiter)
  (setq page-delimiter gnus-page-delimiter)
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (setq buffer-read-only t)             ;Disable modification
  (run-hooks 'gnus-article-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-article-setup-buffer ()
  "Initialize article mode buffer."
  (or (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer (get-buffer-create gnus-article-buffer))
        (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
        (gnus-article-mode))))

(defun gnus-request-article-this-buffer (article &optional group)
  "Get an article and insert it into this buffer."
  (setq group (or group gnus-newsgroup-name))
  ;; Using `gnus-request-article' directly will insert the article into
  ;; `nntp-server-buffer' - so we'll save some time by not having to
  ;; copy it from the server buffer into the article buffer.

  ;; We only request an article by message-id when we do not have the
  ;; headers for it, so we'll have to get those.
  (and (stringp article) 
       (let ((gnus-override-method gnus-refer-article-method))
         (gnus-read-header article)))

  ;; If the article number is negative, that means that this article
  ;; doesn't belong in this newsgroup (possibly), so we find its
  ;; message-id and request it by id instead of number.
  (if (and (numberp article) (< article 0))
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
        (let ((header (gnus-gethash (int-to-string article)
                                    gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)))
          (if (vectorp header)
              ;; It's a real article.
              (setq article (header-id header))
            ;; It is an extracted pseudo-article.
            (setq article nil)
            (gnus-request-pseudo-article header)))))
  ;; Get the article and into the article buffer.
  (if article
      (progn
       (erase-buffer)
       (let ((gnus-override-method 
              (and (stringp article) gnus-refer-article-method)))
         (and (gnus-request-article article group (current-buffer))
              'article)))
    'pseudo))

(defun gnus-read-header (id)
  "Read the headers of article ID and enter them into the Gnus system."
  (or gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
      (gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number))
  (let (header)
    (if (not (setq header 
                   (car (if (let ((gnus-nov-is-evil t))
                              (gnus-retrieve-headers 
                               (list id) gnus-newsgroup-name))
                            (gnus-get-newsgroup-headers)))))
        nil
      (if (stringp id)
          (header-set-number header gnus-reffed-article-number))
      (setq gnus-newsgroup-headers (cons header gnus-newsgroup-headers))
      (gnus-sethash (int-to-string (header-number header)) header
                    gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number)
      (if (stringp id)
          (setq gnus-reffed-article-number (1- gnus-reffed-article-number)))
      (setq gnus-current-headers header)
      header)))

(defun gnus-article-prepare (article &optional all-headers header)
  "Prepare ARTICLE in article mode buffer.
ARTICLE should either be an article number or a Message-ID.
If ARTICLE is an id, HEADER should be the article headers.
If ALL-HEADERS is non-nil, no headers are hidden."
  (save-excursion
    ;; Make sure we start in a summary buffer.
    (or (eq major-mode 'gnus-summary-mode)
        (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
    (setq gnus-summary-buffer (current-buffer))
    ;; Make sure the connection to the server is alive.
    (or (gnus-server-opened (gnus-find-method-for-group gnus-newsgroup-name))
        (progn
          (gnus-check-news-server 
           (gnus-find-method-for-group gnus-newsgroup-name))
          (gnus-request-group gnus-newsgroup-name t)))
    (or gnus-newsgroup-headers-hashtb-by-number
        (gnus-make-headers-hashtable-by-number))
    (let* ((article (if header (header-number header) article))
           (summary-buffer (current-buffer))
           (internal-hook gnus-article-internal-prepare-hook)
           (bookmark (cdr (assq article gnus-newsgroup-bookmarks)))
           (group gnus-newsgroup-name)
           result)
      (save-excursion
        (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
        (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
        (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
          (if (not (setq result (gnus-request-article-this-buffer 
                                 article group)))
              ;; There is no such article.
              (progn
                (save-excursion
                  (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                  (setq gnus-current-article 0)
                  (and (numberp article) 
                       (gnus-summary-mark-as-read article gnus-canceled-mark))
                  (message "No such article (may be canceled)")
                  (ding))
                (setq gnus-article-current nil)
                nil)
            (if (not (eq result 'article))
                (progn
                  (save-excursion
                    (set-buffer summary-buffer)
                    (setq gnus-last-article gnus-current-article
                          gnus-newsgroup-history (cons gnus-current-article
                                                       gnus-newsgroup-history)
                          gnus-current-article 0
                          gnus-current-headers nil
                          gnus-article-current nil)
                    (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
                    (gnus-set-global-variables))
                  (gnus-set-mode-line 'article))
              ;; The result from the `request' was an actual article -
              ;; or at least some text that is now displayed in the
              ;; article buffer.
              (if (and (numberp article)
                       (not (eq article gnus-current-article)))
                  ;; Seems like a new article has been selected.
                  ;; `gnus-current-article' must be an article number.
                  (save-excursion
                    (set-buffer summary-buffer)
                    (setq gnus-last-article gnus-current-article
                          gnus-newsgroup-history (cons gnus-current-article
                                                       gnus-newsgroup-history)
                          gnus-current-article article
                          gnus-current-headers 
                          (gnus-get-header-by-number gnus-current-article)
                          gnus-article-current 
                          (cons gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-current-article))
                    (run-hooks 'gnus-mark-article-hook)
                    (gnus-set-mode-line 'summary)
                    (and gnus-visual 
                         (run-hooks 'gnus-visual-mark-article-hook))
                    ;; Set the global newsgroup variables here.
                    ;; Suggested by Jim Sisolak
                    ;; <sisolak@trans4.neep.wisc.edu>.
                    (gnus-set-global-variables)))
              ;; gnus-have-all-headers must be either T or NIL.
              (setq gnus-have-all-headers
                    (not (not (or all-headers gnus-show-all-headers))))
              ;; Hooks for getting information from the article.
              ;; This hook must be called before being narrowed.
              (run-hooks 'internal-hook)
              (run-hooks 'gnus-article-prepare-hook)
              ;; Decode MIME message.
              (if (and gnus-show-mime
                       (gnus-fetch-field "Mime-Version"))
                  (funcall gnus-show-mime-method))
              ;; Perform the article display hooks.
              (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
                (run-hooks 'gnus-article-display-hook))
              ;; Do page break.
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (and gnus-break-pages (gnus-narrow-to-page))
              (gnus-set-mode-line 'article)
              (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
              (goto-char 1)
              (set-window-start 
               (get-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer) (point-min))
              (if bookmark
                  (progn
                    (message "Moved to bookmark")
                    (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
                    (forward-line bookmark)))
              t)))))))

(defun gnus-article-show-all-headers ()
  "Show all article headers in article mode buffer."
  (save-excursion 
    (setq gnus-have-all-headers t)
    (gnus-article-setup-buffer)
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (remove-text-properties 1 (point-max) '(invisible t)))))

(defun gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted ()
  "Hide unwanted headers if `gnus-have-all-headers' is nil.
Provided for backwards compatability."
  (or gnus-have-all-headers
      (gnus-article-hide-headers)))

(defun gnus-article-hide-headers (&optional delete)
  "Hide unwanted headers and possibly sort them as well."
  (interactive "P")
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (save-restriction
      (let ((sorted gnus-sorted-header-list)
            (buffer-read-only nil)
            want want-list beg want-l)
        ;; First we narrow to just the headers.
        (widen)
        (goto-char 1)
        ;; Hide any "From " lines at the beginning of (mail) articles. 
        (while (looking-at rmail-unix-mail-delimiter)
          (forward-line 1))
        (if (/= (point) 1) 
            (add-text-properties 1 (point) '(invisible t)))
        ;; Then treat the rest of the header lines.
        (narrow-to-region 
         (point) 
         (progn (search-forward "\n\n" nil t) (forward-line -1) (point)))
        ;; Then we use the two regular expressions
        ;; `gnus-ignored-headers' and `gnus-visible-headers' to
        ;; select which header lines is to remain visible in the
        ;; article buffer.
        (goto-char 1)
        (while (re-search-forward "^[^ \t]*:" nil t)
          (beginning-of-line)
          ;; We add the headers we want to keep to a list and delete
          ;; them from the buffer.
          (if (or (and (stringp gnus-visible-headers)
                       (looking-at gnus-visible-headers))
                  (and (not (stringp gnus-visible-headers))
                       (stringp gnus-ignored-headers)
                       (not (looking-at gnus-ignored-headers))))
              (progn
                (setq beg (point))
                (forward-line 1)
                ;; Be sure to get multi-line headers...
                (re-search-forward "^[^ \t]*:" nil t)
                (beginning-of-line)
                (setq want-list 
                      (cons (buffer-substring beg (point)) want-list))
                (delete-region beg (point))
                (goto-char beg))
            (forward-line 1)))
        ;; Next we perform the sorting by looking at
        ;; `gnus-sorted-header-list'. 
        (goto-char 1)
        (while (and sorted want-list)
          (setq want-l want-list)
          (while (and want-l
                      (not (string-match (car sorted) (car want-l))))
            (setq want-l (cdr want-l)))
          (if want-l 
              (progn
                (insert (car want-l))
                (setq want-list (delq (car want-l) want-list))))
          (setq sorted (cdr sorted)))
        ;; Any headers that were not matched by the sorted list we
        ;; just tack on the end of the visible header list.
        (while want-list
          (insert (car want-list))
          (setq want-list (cdr want-list)))
        ;; And finally we make the unwanted headers invisible.
        (if delete
            (delete-region (point) (point-max))
          ;; Suggested by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
          (add-text-properties (point) (point-max) '(invisible t)))))))

(defun gnus-article-hide-signature ()
  "Hides the signature in an article.
It does this by hiding everyting after \"^-- *$\", which is what all
signatures should be preceded by. Note that this may mean that parts
of an article may disappear if the article has such a line in the
middle of the text."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (goto-char (point-max))
      (if (re-search-backward "^-- *$" nil t)
          (progn
            (add-text-properties (point) (point-max) '(invisible t)))))))

(defun gnus-article-hide-citation ()
  "Hide all cited text.
This function uses the famous, extremely intelligent \"shoot in foot\"
algorithm - which is simply deleting all lines that start with
\">\". Your mileage may vary. If you come up with anything better,
please do mail it to me."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (goto-char 1)
      (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
      (while (not (eobp))
        (if (looking-at ">")
            (add-text-properties 
             (point) (save-excursion (forward-line 1) (point))
             '(invisible t)))
        (forward-line 1)))))

;; Written by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-article-treat-overstrike ()
  ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands.
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (while (search-forward "\b" nil t)
        (let ((next (following-char))
              (previous (char-after (- (point) 2))))
          (cond ((eq next previous)
                 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
                 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
                                    'face 'bold))
                ((eq next ?_)
                 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point)))
                 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point)
                                    'face 'underline))
                ((eq previous ?_)
                 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
                 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
                                    'face 'underline))))))))

(defun gnus-article-word-wrap ()
  "Format too long lines."
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (goto-char 1)
      (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
      (end-of-line 1)
      (let ((paragraph-start "^\\W"))
        (while (not (eobp))
          (and (>= (current-column) (window-width))
               (/= (preceding-char) ?:)
               (fill-paragraph nil))
          (end-of-line 2))))))

(defun gnus-article-remove-cr ()
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (search-forward "\r" nil t)
        (replace-match "")))))

(defun gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable ()
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
      (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
        (widen)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (while (re-search-forward "=[0-9A-F][0-9A-F]" nil t)
          (replace-match 
           (char-to-string 
            (+
             (* 16 (gnus-hex-char-to-integer 
                    (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0)))))
             (gnus-hex-char-to-integer
              (char-after (1- (match-end 0))))))))))))

;; Taken from hexl.el.
(defun gnus-hex-char-to-integer (character)
  "Take a char and return its value as if it was a hex digit."
  (if (and (>= character ?0) (<= character ?9))
      (- character ?0)
    (let ((ch (logior character 32)))
      (if (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?f))
          (- ch (- ?a 10))
        (error (format "Invalid hex digit `%c'." ch))))))

;; Article savers.

(defun gnus-output-to-rmail (file-name)
  "Append the current article to an Rmail file named FILE-NAME."
  (require 'rmail)
  ;; Most of these codes are borrowed from rmailout.el.
  (setq file-name (expand-file-name file-name))
  (setq rmail-default-rmail-file file-name)
  (let ((artbuf (current-buffer))
        (tmpbuf (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-output*")))
    (save-excursion
      (or (get-file-buffer file-name)
          (file-exists-p file-name)
          (if (gnus-yes-or-no-p
               (concat "\"" file-name "\" does not exist, create it? "))
              (let ((file-buffer (create-file-buffer file-name)))
                (save-excursion
                  (set-buffer file-buffer)
                  (rmail-insert-rmail-file-header)
                  (let ((require-final-newline nil))
                    (write-region (point-min) (point-max) file-name t 1)))
                (kill-buffer file-buffer))
            (error "Output file does not exist")))
      (set-buffer tmpbuf)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert-buffer-substring artbuf)
      (gnus-convert-article-to-rmail)
      ;; Decide whether to append to a file or to an Emacs buffer.
      (let ((outbuf (get-file-buffer file-name)))
        (if (not outbuf)
            (append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) file-name)
          ;; File has been visited, in buffer OUTBUF.
          (set-buffer outbuf)
          (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
                (msg (and (boundp 'rmail-current-message)
                          rmail-current-message)))
            ;; If MSG is non-nil, buffer is in RMAIL mode.
            (if msg
                (progn (widen)
                       (narrow-to-region (point-max) (point-max))))
            (insert-buffer-substring tmpbuf)
            (if msg
                (progn
                  (goto-char (point-min))
                  (widen)
                  (search-backward "\^_")
                  (narrow-to-region (point) (point-max))
                  (goto-char (1+ (point-min)))
                  (rmail-count-new-messages t)
                  (rmail-show-message msg)))))))
    (kill-buffer tmpbuf)))

(defun gnus-output-to-file (file-name)
  "Append the current article to a file named FILE-NAME."
  (setq file-name (expand-file-name file-name))
  (let ((artbuf (current-buffer))
        (tmpbuf (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-output*")))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer tmpbuf)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert-buffer-substring artbuf)
      ;; Append newline at end of the buffer as separator, and then
      ;; save it to file.
      (goto-char (point-max))
      (insert "\n")
      (append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) file-name))
    (kill-buffer tmpbuf)))

(defun gnus-convert-article-to-rmail ()
  "Convert article in current buffer to Rmail message format."
  (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
    ;; Convert article directly into Babyl format.
    ;; Suggested by Rob Austein <sra@lcs.mit.edu>
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (insert "\^L\n0, unseen,,\n*** EOOH ***\n")
    (while (search-forward "\n\^_" nil t) ;single char
      (replace-match "\n^_"))           ;2 chars: "^" and "_"
    (goto-char (point-max))
    (insert "\^_")))

(defun gnus-narrow-to-page (&optional arg)
  "Make text outside current page invisible except for page delimiter.
A numeric arg specifies to move forward or backward by that many pages,
thus showing a page other than the one point was originally in."
  (interactive "P")
  (setq arg (if arg (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0))
  (save-excursion
    (forward-page -1)                   ;Beginning of current page.
    (widen)
    (if (> arg 0)
        (forward-page arg)
      (if (< arg 0)
          (forward-page (1- arg))))
    ;; Find the end of the page.
    (forward-page)
    ;; If we stopped due to end of buffer, stay there.
    ;; If we stopped after a page delimiter, put end of restriction
    ;; at the beginning of that line.
    ;; These are commented out.
    ;;    (if (save-excursion (beginning-of-line)
    ;;                  (looking-at page-delimiter))
    ;;  (beginning-of-line))
    (narrow-to-region (point)
                      (progn
                        ;; Find the top of the page.
                        (forward-page -1)
                        ;; If we found beginning of buffer, stay there.
                        ;; If extra text follows page delimiter on same line,
                        ;; include it.
                        ;; Otherwise, show text starting with following line.
                        (if (and (eolp) (not (bobp)))
                            (forward-line 1))
                        (point)))))

(defun gnus-gmt-to-local ()
  "Rewrite Date header described in GMT to local in current buffer.
Intended to be used with gnus-article-prepare-hook."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (narrow-to-region (point-min)
                        (progn (search-forward "\n\n" nil 'move) (point)))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (if (re-search-forward "^Date:[ \t]\\(.*\\)$" nil t)
          (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
                (date (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
            (delete-region (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))
            (insert
             (timezone-make-date-arpa-standard 
              date nil (current-time-zone))))))))


;; Article mode commands

(defun gnus-article-next-page (lines)
  "Show next page of current article.
If end of article, return non-nil. Otherwise return nil.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled up."
  (interactive "P")
  (move-to-window-line -1)
  ;; Fixed by enami@ptgd.sony.co.jp (enami tsugutomo)
  (if (save-excursion
        (end-of-line)
        (and (pos-visible-in-window-p)  ;Not continuation line.
             (eobp)))
      ;; Nothing in this page.
      (if (or (not gnus-break-pages)
              (save-excursion
                (save-restriction
                  (widen) (forward-line 1) (eobp)))) ;Real end-of-buffer?
          t                             ;Nothing more.
        (gnus-narrow-to-page 1)         ;Go to next page.
        nil)
    ;; More in this page.
    (condition-case ()
        (scroll-up lines)
      (end-of-buffer
       ;; Long lines may cause an end-of-buffer error.
       (goto-char (point-max))))
    nil))

(defun gnus-article-prev-page (lines)
  "Show previous page of current article.
Argument LINES specifies lines to be scrolled down."
  (interactive "P")
  (move-to-window-line 0)
  (if (and gnus-break-pages
           (bobp)
           (not (save-restriction (widen) (bobp)))) ;Real beginning-of-buffer?
      (progn
        (gnus-narrow-to-page -1) ;Go to previous page.
        (goto-char (point-max))
        (recenter -1))
    (scroll-down lines)))

(defun gnus-article-refer-article ()
  "Read article specified by message-id around point."
  (interactive)
  (search-forward ">" nil t)    ;Move point to end of "<....>".
  (if (re-search-backward "\\(<[^<> \t\n]+>\\)" nil t)
      (let ((message-id
             (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
        (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
        (gnus-summary-refer-article message-id))
    (error "No references around point")))

(defun gnus-article-mail (yank)
  "Send a reply to the address near point.
If YANK is non-nil, include the original article."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((address 
         (buffer-substring
          (save-excursion (re-search-backward "[ \t\n]" nil t) (1+ (point)))
          (save-excursion (re-search-forward "[ \t\n]" nil t) (1- (point))))))
    (and address
         (progn
           (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
           (funcall gnus-mail-reply-method yank address)))))

(defun gnus-article-mail-with-original ()
  "Send a reply to the address near point and include the original article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-article-mail 'yank))

(defun gnus-article-show-summary ()
  "Reconfigure windows to show summary buffer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
  (pop-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
  (gnus-summary-goto-subject gnus-current-article))

(defun gnus-article-describe-briefly ()
  "Describe article mode commands briefly."
  (interactive)
  (message
   (substitute-command-keys "\\<gnus-article-mode-map>\\[gnus-article-next-page]:Next page  \\[gnus-article-prev-page]:Prev page  \\[gnus-article-show-summary]:Show summary  \\[gnus-info-find-node]:Run Info  \\[gnus-article-describe-briefly]:This help")))

(defun gnus-article-summary-command ()
  "Execute the last keystroke in the summary buffer."
  (interactive)
  (message "                                                                              ")
  (let ((obuf (current-buffer))
        (owin (current-window-configuration)))
    (switch-to-buffer gnus-summary-buffer 'norecord)
    (execute-kbd-macro (this-command-keys))
    (set-buffer obuf)
    (let ((npoint (point)))
      (set-window-configuration owin)
      (set-window-start (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) (point)))))

;; caesar-region written by phr@prep.ai.mit.edu  Nov 86
;; Modified by tower@prep Nov 86
;; Modified by umerin@flab.flab.Fujitsu.JUNET for ROT47.

(defun gnus-caesar-region (&optional n)
  "Caesar rotation of region by N, default 13, for decrypting netnews.
ROT47 will be performed for Japanese text in any case."
  (interactive (if current-prefix-arg   ; Was there a prefix arg?
                   (list (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg))
                 (list nil)))
  (cond ((not (numberp n)) (setq n 13))
        (t (setq n (mod n 26))))        ;canonicalize N
  (if (not (zerop n))           ; no action needed for a rot of 0
      (progn
        (if (or (not (boundp 'caesar-translate-table))
                (not caesar-translate-table)
                (/= (aref caesar-translate-table ?a) (+ ?a n)))
            (let ((i 0) 
                  (lower "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
                  upper)
              (message "Building caesar-translate-table...")
              (setq caesar-translate-table (make-vector 256 0))
              (while (< i 256)
                (aset caesar-translate-table i i)
                (setq i (1+ i)))
              (setq lower (concat lower lower)
                    upper (upcase lower)
                    i 0)
              (while (< i 26)
                (aset caesar-translate-table (+ ?a i) (aref lower (+ i n)))
                (aset caesar-translate-table (+ ?A i) (aref upper (+ i n)))
                (setq i (1+ i)))
              ;; ROT47 for Japanese text.
              ;; Thanks to ichikawa@flab.fujitsu.junet.
              (setq i 161)
              (let ((t1 (logior ?O 128))
                    (t2 (logior ?! 128))
                    (t3 (logior ?~ 128)))
                (while (< i 256)
                  (aset caesar-translate-table i
                        (let ((v (aref caesar-translate-table i)))
                          (if (<= v t1) (if (< v t2) v (+ v 47))
                            (if (<= v t3) (- v 47) v))))
                  (setq i (1+ i))))
              (message "Building caesar-translate-table... done")))
        (let ((from (region-beginning))
              (to (region-end))
              (i 0) str len)
          (setq str (buffer-substring from to))
          (setq len (length str))
          (while (< i len)
            (aset str i (aref caesar-translate-table (aref str i)))
            (setq i (1+ i)))
          (goto-char from)
          (delete-region from to)
          (insert str)))))

\f
;; Basic ideas by emv@math.lsa.umich.edu (Edward Vielmetti)

;;;###autoload
(defalias 'gnus-batch-kill 'gnus-batch-score)
;;;###autoload
(defun gnus-batch-score ()
  "Run batched scoring.
Usage: emacs -batch -l gnus -f gnus-batch-score <newsgroups> ...
Newsgroups is a list of strings in Bnews format.  If you want to score
the comp hierarchy, you'd say \"comp.all\". If you would not like to
score the alt hierarchy, you'd say \"!alt.all\"."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((yes-and-no
          (gnus-parse-n-options
           (apply (function concat)
                  (mapcar (lambda (g) (concat g " "))
                          command-line-args-left))))
         (gnus-expert-user t)
         (nnmail-spool-file nil)
         (gnus-use-dribble-file nil)
         (yes (car yes-and-no))
         (no (cdr yes-and-no))
         group subscribed newsrc entry
         ;; Disable verbose message.
         gnus-novice-user gnus-large-newsgroup)
    ;; Eat all arguments.
    (setq command-line-args-left nil)
    ;; Start Gnus.
    (gnus)
    ;; Apply kills to specified newsgroups in command line arguments.
    (setq newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
    (while newsrc
      (setq group (car (car newsrc)))
      (setq entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
      (if (and (<= (nth 1 (car newsrc)) 5)
               (and (car entry)
                    (or (eq (car entry) t)
                        (not (zerop (car entry)))))
               (if yes (string-match yes group) t)
               (or (null no) (not (string-match no group))))
          (progn
            (gnus-summary-read-group group nil t)
            (and (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
                 (gnus-summary-exit))))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
    ;; Exit Emacs.
    (switch-to-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
    (gnus-group-save-newsrc)))

(defun gnus-apply-kill-file ()
  "Apply a kill file to the current newsgroup.
Returns the number of articles marked as read."
  (if (or (file-exists-p (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file nil))
          (file-exists-p (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file gnus-newsgroup-name)))
      (gnus-apply-kill-file-internal)
    0))

(defun gnus-kill-save-kill-buffer ()
  (save-excursion
    (let ((file (gnus-newsgroup-kill-file gnus-newsgroup-name)))
      (if (get-file-buffer file)
          (progn
            (set-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
            (and (buffer-modified-p) (save-buffer))
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))))))

(defvar gnus-kill-file-name "KILL"
  "Suffix of the kill files.")

(defun gnus-newsgroup-kill-file (newsgroup)
  "Return the name of a kill file name for NEWSGROUP.
If NEWSGROUP is nil, return the global kill file name instead."
  (cond ((or (null newsgroup)
             (string-equal newsgroup ""))
         ;; The global KILL file is placed at top of the directory.
         (expand-file-name gnus-kill-file-name
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        ((gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-kill)
         ;; Append ".KILL" to newsgroup name.
         (expand-file-name (concat newsgroup "." gnus-kill-file-name)
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
        (t
         ;; Place "KILL" under the hierarchical directory.
         (expand-file-name (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup)
                                   "/" gnus-kill-file-name)
                           (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Score Files
;;;

;; All score code written by Per Abrahamsen <abraham@iesd.auc.dk>.

;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
(defun gnus-score-set-mark-below (score)
  "Automatically mark articles with score below SCORE as read."
  (interactive 
   (list (or (and current-prefix-arg (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg))
             (string-to-int (read-string "Mark below: ")))))
  (setq score (or score gnus-summary-default-score 0))
  (gnus-score-set 'mark (list score))
  (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t))
  (setq gnus-summary-mark-below score)
  (gnus-summary-update-lines))

(defun gnus-score-set-expunge-below (score)
  "Automatically expunge articles with score below SCORE."
  (interactive 
   (list (or (and current-prefix-arg (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg))
             (string-to-int (read-string "Expunge below: ")))))
  (setq score (or score gnus-summary-default-score 0))
  (gnus-score-set 'expunge (list score))
  (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t)))

(defun gnus-score-default (level)
  (if level (prefix-numeric-value level) 
    gnus-score-interactive-default-score))

(defun gnus-score-set (symbol value &optional alist)
  ;; Set SYMBOL to VALUE in ALIST.
  (let* ((alist 
          (or alist 
              gnus-score-alist
              (progn
                (gnus-score-load (gnus-score-file-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
                gnus-score-alist)))
         (entry (assoc symbol alist)))
    (cond ((gnus-score-get 'read-only alist)
           ;; This is a read-only score file, so we do nothing.
           )
          (entry
           (setcdr entry value))
          ((null alist)
           (error "Empty alist"))
          (t
           (setcdr alist
                   (cons (cons symbol value) (cdr alist)))))))

(defun gnus-score-get (symbol &optional alist)
  ;; Get SYMBOL's definition in ALIST.
  (cdr (assoc symbol 
              (or alist 
                  gnus-score-alist
                  (progn
                    (gnus-score-load 
                     (gnus-score-file-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
                    gnus-score-alist)))))

(defun gnus-score-change-score-file (file)
  "Change current score alist."
  (interactive
   (list (completing-read "Score file: " gnus-score-cache)))
  (setq gnus-current-score-file file)
  (gnus-score-load-file file))

(defun gnus-score-edit-alist (file)
  "Edit the current score alist."
  (interactive (list gnus-current-score-file))
  (and (buffer-name gnus-summary-buffer) (gnus-score-save))
  (setq gnus-winconf-edit-score (current-window-configuration))
  (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
  (pop-to-buffer (find-file-noselect file))
  (message (substitute-command-keys 
            "\\<gnus-score-mode-map>\\[gnus-score-edit-done] to save edits"))
  (gnus-score-mode))
  
(defun gnus-score-edit-file (file)
  "Edit a score file."
  (interactive 
   (list (read-file-name "Edit score file: " gnus-kill-files-directory)))
  (and (buffer-name gnus-summary-buffer) (gnus-score-save))
  (setq gnus-winconf-edit-score (current-window-configuration))
  (gnus-configure-windows 'article)
  (pop-to-buffer (find-file-noselect file))
  (message (substitute-command-keys 
            "\\<gnus-score-mode-map>\\[gnus-score-edit-done] to save edits"))
  (gnus-score-mode))
  
(defun gnus-score-load-file (file)
  ;; Load score file FILE.  Returns a list a retrieved score-alists.
  (setq gnus-kill-files-directory (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News/"))
  (let* ((file (expand-file-name 
                (or (and (string-match
                          (concat "^" (expand-file-name
                                       gnus-kill-files-directory)) 
                          (expand-file-name file))
                         file)
                    (concat gnus-kill-files-directory file))))
         (cached (assoc file gnus-score-cache))
         (global (member file gnus-internal-global-score-files))
         lists alist)
    (if cached
        ;; The score file was already loaded.
        (setq alist (cdr cached))
      ;; We load the score file.
      (setq gnus-score-alist nil)
      (setq alist (gnus-score-load-score-alist file))
      ;; We add '(touched) to the alist to signify that it hasn't been
      ;; touched (yet). 
      (or (assq 'touched alist) (setq alist (cons (list 'touched nil) alist)))
      ;; If it is a global score file, we make it read-only.
      (and global
           (not (assq 'read-only alist))
           (setq alist (cons (list 'read-only t) alist)))
      ;; Update cache.
      (setq gnus-score-cache
            (cons (cons file alist) gnus-score-cache)))
    ;; If there are actual scores in the alist, we add it to the
    ;; return value of this function.
    (if (memq t (mapcar (lambda (e) (stringp (car e))) alist))
        (setq lists (list alist)))
    ;; Treat the other possible atoms in the score alist.
    (let ((mark (car (gnus-score-get 'mark alist)))
          (expunge (car (gnus-score-get 'expunge alist)))
          (mark-and-expunge 
           (car (gnus-score-get 'mark-and-expunge alist)))
          (read-only (gnus-score-get 'read-only alist))
          (files (gnus-score-get 'files alist))
          (exclude-files (gnus-score-get 'exclude-files alist))
          (orphan (gnus-score-get 'orphan alist))
          (eval (gnus-score-get 'eval alist)))
      ;; We do not respect eval and files atoms from global score
      ;; files. 
      (and files (not global)
           (setq lists (apply 'append lists
                              (mapcar (lambda (file)
                                        (gnus-score-load-file file)) 
                                      files))))
      (and eval (not global) (eval eval))
      (if orphan (setq gnus-orphan-score (car orphan)))
      (setq gnus-summary-mark-below 
            (or mark mark-and-expunge gnus-summary-mark-below))
      (setq gnus-summary-expunge-below 
            (or expunge mark-and-expunge gnus-summary-expunge-below)))
    (setq gnus-current-score-file file)
    (setq gnus-score-alist alist)
    lists))

(defun gnus-score-load (file)
  ;; Load score FILE.
  (let ((cache (assoc file gnus-score-cache)))
    (if cache
        (setq gnus-score-alist (cdr cache))
      (setq gnus-score-alist nil)
      (gnus-score-load-score-alist file)
      (or gnus-score-alist
          (setq gnus-score-alist (copy-alist '((touched nil)))))
      (setq gnus-score-cache
            (cons (cons file gnus-score-alist) gnus-score-cache)))))

(defun gnus-score-remove-from-cache (file)
  (setq gnus-score-cache 
        (delq (assoc file gnus-score-cache) gnus-score-cache)))

(defun gnus-score-load-score-alist (file)
  (let (alist)
    (if (file-readable-p file)
        (progn
          (save-excursion
            (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *gnus work*"))
            (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
            (erase-buffer)
            (insert-file-contents file)
            (goto-char (point-min))
            ;; Only do the loading if the score file isn't empty.
            (if (save-excursion (re-search-forward "[()0-9a-zA-Z]" nil t))
                (setq alist
                      (condition-case ()
                          (read (current-buffer))
                        (error 
                         (progn
                           (message "Problem with score file %s" file)
                           (ding) 
                           (sit-for 2)
                           nil))))))
          (if (eq (car alist) 'setq)
              (setq gnus-score-alist (gnus-score-transform-old-to-new alist))
            (setq gnus-score-alist alist))
          (setq gnus-score-alist
                (gnus-score-check-syntax gnus-score-alist)))
      (setq gnus-score-alist nil))))

(defun gnus-score-check-syntax (alist)
  (cond 
   ((null alist)
    nil)
   ((not (consp alist))
    (message "Score file is not a list: %s" alist)
    (ding)
    nil)
   (t
    (let ((a alist)
          err)
      (while (and a (not err))
        (cond ((not (listp (car a)))
               (message "Illegal score element: %s" (car a))
               (setq err t))
              ((and (stringp (car (car a)))
                    (not (listp (nth 1 (car a)))))
               (message "Illegal header match: %s" (nth 1 (car a)))
               (setq err t))
              (t
               (setq a (cdr a)))))
      (if err
          (progn
            (ding)
            nil)
        alist)))))    

(defun gnus-score-transform-old-to-new (alist)
  (let* ((alist (nth 2 alist))
         out entry)
    (if (eq (car alist) 'quote)
        (setq alist (nth 1 alist)))
    (while alist
      (setq entry (car alist))
      (if (stringp (car entry))
          (let ((scor (cdr entry)))
            (setq out (cons entry out))
            (while scor
              (setcar scor
                      (list (car (car scor)) (nth 2 (car scor))
                            (and (nth 3 (car scor))
                                 (gnus-day-number (nth 3 (car scor))))
                            (if (nth 1 (car scor)) 'r 's)))
              (setq scor (cdr scor))))
        (setq out (cons (if (not (listp (cdr entry))) 
                            (list (car entry) (cdr entry))
                          entry)
                        out)))
      (setq alist (cdr alist)))
    (cons (list 'touched t) (nreverse out))))
  
(defun gnus-score-save ()
  ;; Save all SCORE information.
  (let ((cache gnus-score-cache))
    (save-excursion
      (setq gnus-score-alist nil)
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Score*"))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (let (entry score file)
        (while cache
          (setq entry (car cache)
                cache (cdr cache)
                file (car entry)
                score (cdr entry))
          (if (or (not (equal (gnus-score-get 'touched score) '(t)))
                  (gnus-score-get 'read-only score)
                  (not (file-writable-p file)))
              ()
            (setq score (delq (assq 'touched score) score))
            (erase-buffer)
            (let (emacs-lisp-mode-hook)
              (pp score (current-buffer)))
            (gnus-make-directory (file-name-directory file))
            (write-region (point-min) (point-max) file nil 'silent))))
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))))
  
(defun gnus-score-headers ()
  ;; Score `gnus-newsgroup-headers'.
  (let ((func gnus-score-find-score-files-function)
        score-files scores)
    (and func (not (listp func))
         (setq func (list func)))
    ;; Go through all the functions for finding score files (or actual
    ;; scores) and add them to a list.
    (while func
      (and (symbolp (car func))
           (fboundp (car func))
           (setq score-files 
                 (nconc score-files (funcall (car func) gnus-newsgroup-name))))
      (setq func (cdr func)))
    ;; PLM: probably this is not the best place to clear orphan-score
    (setq gnus-orphan-score nil)
    ;; Load the SCORE files.
    (while score-files
      (if (stringp (car score-files))
          (setq scores (nconc (gnus-score-load-file (car score-files)) scores))
        (setq scores (nconc (car score-files) scores)))
      (setq score-files (cdr score-files)))
    (if (not (and gnus-summary-default-score
                  scores
                  (> (length gnus-newsgroup-headers)
                     (length gnus-newsgroup-scored))))
        ()
      (let* ((entries gnus-header-index)
             (now (gnus-day-number (current-time-string)))
             (expire (- now gnus-score-expiry-days))
             (headers gnus-newsgroup-headers)
             entry header)
        (message "Scoring...")
        ;; Create articles, an alist of the form `(HEADER . SCORE)'.
        (while headers
          (setq header (car headers)
                headers (cdr headers))
          ;; WARNING: The assq makes the function O(N*S) while it could
          ;; be written as O(N+S), where N is (length gnus-newsgroup-headers)
          ;; and S is (length gnus-newsgroup-scored).
          (or (assq (header-number header) gnus-newsgroup-scored)
              (setq gnus-scores-articles       ;Total of 2 * N cons-cells used.
                    (cons (cons header (or gnus-summary-default-score 0))
                          gnus-scores-articles))))

        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Headers*"))
          (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
          ;; score orphans
          (if gnus-orphan-score 
              (progn
                (setq gnus-score-index 
                      (nth 1 (assoc "references" gnus-header-index)))
                (gnus-score-orphans gnus-orphan-score)))
          ;; Run each header through the score process.
          (while entries
            (setq entry (car entries)
                  header (nth 0 entry)
                  entries (cdr entries))
            (setq gnus-score-index (nth 1 (assoc header gnus-header-index)))
            (if (< 0 (apply 'max (mapcar
                                  (lambda (score)
                                    (length (gnus-score-get header score)))
                                  scores)))
                (funcall (nth 2 entry) scores header now expire)))
          ;; Remove the buffer.
          (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))

        ;; Add articles to `gnus-newsgroup-scored'.
        (while gnus-scores-articles
          (or (= gnus-summary-default-score (cdr (car gnus-scores-articles)))
              (setq gnus-newsgroup-scored
                    (cons (cons (header-number 
                                 (car (car gnus-scores-articles)))
                                (cdr (car gnus-scores-articles)))
                          gnus-newsgroup-scored)))
          (setq gnus-scores-articles (cdr gnus-scores-articles)))

        (message "Scoring...done")))))


(defun gnus-get-new-thread-ids (articles)
  (let ((index (nth 1 (assoc "message-id" gnus-header-index)))
        (refind gnus-score-index)
        id-list art this tref)
    (while articles
      (setq art (car articles)
            this (aref (car art) index)
            tref (aref (car art) refind)
            articles (cdr articles))
      (if (string-equal tref "")        ;no references line
          (setq id-list (cons this id-list))))
    id-list))

;; Orphan functions written by plm@atcmp.nl (Peter Mutsaers).
(defun gnus-score-orphans (score)
  (let ((new-thread-ids (gnus-get-new-thread-ids gnus-scores-articles))
        (index (nth 1 (assoc "references" gnus-header-index)))
        alike articles art arts this last this-id)
    
    (setq gnus-scores-articles (sort gnus-scores-articles 'gnus-score-string<)
          articles gnus-scores-articles)

    ;;more or less the same as in gnus-score-string
    (erase-buffer)
    (while articles
      (setq art (car articles)
            this (aref (car art) gnus-score-index)
            articles (cdr articles))
      ;;completely skip if this is empty (not a child, so not an orphan)
      (if (not (string= this ""))
          (if (equal last this)
              ;; O(N*H) cons-cells used here, where H is the number of
              ;; headers.
              (setq alike (cons art alike))
            (if last
                (progn
                  ;; Insert the line, with a text property on the
                  ;; terminating newline refering to the articles with
                  ;; this line.
                  (insert last ?\n)
                  (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) 'articles alike)))
            (setq alike (list art)
                  last this))))
    (and last                           ; Bwadr, duplicate code.
         (progn
           (insert last ?\n)                    
           (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) 'articles alike)))

    ;; PLM: now delete those lines that contain an entry from new-thread-ids
    (while new-thread-ids
      (setq this-id (car new-thread-ids)
            new-thread-ids (cdr new-thread-ids))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (search-forward this-id nil t)
        ;; found a match. remove this line
        (progn
          (beginning-of-line)
          (kill-line 1))))

    ;; now for each line: update its articles with score by moving to
    ;; every end-of-line in the buffer and read the articles property
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (while (eq 0 (progn
                   (end-of-line)
                   (setq arts (get-text-property (point) 'articles))
                   (while arts
                     (setq art (car arts)
                           arts (cdr arts))
                     (setcdr art (+ score (cdr art))))
                   (forward-line))))))
             

(defun gnus-score-integer (scores header now expire)
  (let ((gnus-score-index (nth 1 (assoc header gnus-header-index)))
        alike last this art entries alist articles)

    ;; Find matches.
    (while scores
      (setq alist (car scores)
            scores (cdr scores)
            entries (assoc header alist))
      (while (cdr entries)              ;First entry is the header index.
        (let* ((rest (cdr entries))             
               (kill (car rest))
               (match (nth 0 kill))
               (type (or (nth 3 kill) '>))
               (score (or (nth 1 kill) gnus-score-interactive-default-score))
               (date (nth 2 kill))
               (found nil)
               (match-func (if (or (eq type '>) (eq type '<) (eq type '<=)
                                   (eq type '>=) (eq type '=))
                               type
                             (error "Illegal match type: %s" type)))
               (articles gnus-scores-articles)
               arts art)
          ;; Instead of doing all the clever stuff that
          ;; `gnus-score-string' does to minimize searches and stuff,
          ;; I will assume that people generally will put so few
          ;; matches on numbers that any cleverness will take more
          ;; time than one would gain.
          (while articles
            (and (funcall match-func match 
                          (or (aref (car (car articles)) gnus-score-index) 0))
                 (progn
                   (setq found t)
                   (setcdr (car articles) (+ score (cdr (car articles))))))
            (setq articles (cdr articles)))
          ;; Update expire date
          (cond ((null date))           ;Permanent entry.
                (found                  ;Match, update date.
                 (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                 (setcar (nthcdr 2 kill) now))
                ((< date expire) ;Old entry, remove.
                 (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                 (setcdr entries (cdr rest))
                 (setq rest entries)))
          (setq entries rest))))))

(defun gnus-score-date (scores header now expire)
  (let ((gnus-score-index (nth 1 (assoc header gnus-header-index)))
        alike last this art entries alist articles)

    ;; Find matches.
    (while scores
      (setq alist (car scores)
            scores (cdr scores)
            entries (assoc header alist))
      (while (cdr entries)              ;First entry is the header index.
        (let* ((rest (cdr entries))             
               (kill (car rest))
               (match (timezone-make-date-sortable (nth 0 kill)))
               (type (or (nth 3 kill) 'before))
               (score (or (nth 1 kill) gnus-score-interactive-default-score))
               (date (nth 2 kill))
               (found nil)
               (match-func 
                (cond ((eq type 'after) 'string<)
                      ((eq type 'before) 'gnus-string>)
                      ((eq type 'at) 'string=)
                      (t (error "Illegal match type: %s" type))))
               (articles gnus-scores-articles)
               arts art l)
          ;; Instead of doing all the clever stuff that
          ;; `gnus-score-string' does to minimize searches and stuff,
          ;; I will assume that people generally will put so few
          ;; matches on numbers that any cleverness will take more
          ;; time than one would gain.
          (while articles
            (and
             (setq l (aref (car (car articles)) gnus-score-index))
             (funcall match-func match (timezone-make-date-sortable l))
             (progn
               (setq found t)
               (setcdr (car articles) (+ score (cdr (car articles))))))
            (setq articles (cdr articles)))
          ;; Update expire date
          (cond ((null date))           ;Permanent entry.
                (found                  ;Match, update date.
                 (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                 (setcar (nthcdr 2 kill) now))
                ((< date expire) ;Old entry, remove.
                 (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                 (setcdr entries (cdr rest))
                 (setq rest entries)))
          (setq entries rest))))))

(defun gnus-score-body (scores header now expire)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
    (save-restriction
      (let* ((buffer-read-only nil)
             (articles gnus-scores-articles)
             (all-scores scores)
             (request-func (cond ((string= "head" (downcase header))
                                  'gnus-request-head)
                                 ((string= "body" (downcase header))
                                  'gnus-request-body)
                                 (t 'gnus-request-article)))
             alike last this art entries alist ofunc article)
        ;; Not all backends support partial fetching.  In that case,
        ;; we just fetch the entire article.
        (or (gnus-check-backend-function request-func gnus-newsgroup-name)
            (progn
              (setq ofunc request-func)
              (setq request-func 'gnus-request-article)))
        (while articles
          (setq article (header-number (car (car articles))))
          (message "Scoring on article %s..." article)
          (if (not (funcall request-func article gnus-newsgroup-name))
              ()
            (widen)
            (goto-char (point-min))
            ;; If just parts of the article is to be searched, but the
            ;; backend didn't support partial fetching, we just narrow
            ;; to the relevant parts.
            (if ofunc
                (if (eq ofunc 'gnus-request-head)
                    (narrow-to-region
                     (point)
                     (or (search-forward "\n\n" nil t) (point-max)))
                  (narrow-to-region
                   (or (search-forward "\n\n" nil t) (point))
                   (point-max))))
            (setq scores all-scores)
            ;; Find matches.
            (while scores
              (setq alist (car scores)
                    scores (cdr scores)
                    entries (assoc header alist))
              (while (cdr entries)      ;First entry is the header index.
                (let* ((rest (cdr entries))             
                       (kill (car rest))
                       (match (nth 0 kill))
                       (type (or (nth 3 kill) 's))
                       (score (or (nth 1 kill) 
                                  gnus-score-interactive-default-score))
                       (date (nth 2 kill))
                       (found nil)
                       (case-fold-search 
                        (not (or (eq type 'R) (eq type 'S)
                                 (eq type 'Regexp) (eq type 'String))))
                       (search-func 
                        (cond ((or (eq type 'r) (eq type 'R)
                                   (eq type 'regexp) (eq type 'Regexp))
                               're-search-forward)
                              ((or (eq type 's) (eq type 'S)
                                   (eq type 'string) (eq type 'String))
                               'search-forward)
                              (t
                               (error "Illegal match type: %s" type))))
                       arts art)
                  (goto-char (point-min))
                  (if (funcall search-func match nil t)
                      ;; Found a match, update scores.
                      (progn
                        (setcdr (car articles) (+ score (cdr (car articles))))
                        (setq found t)))
                  ;; Update expire date
                  (cond ((null date))   ;Permanent entry.
                        (found          ;Match, update date.
                         (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                         (setcar (nthcdr 2 kill) now))
                        ((< date expire) ;Old entry, remove.
                         (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                         (setcdr entries (cdr rest))
                         (setq rest entries)))
                  (setq entries rest)))))
          (setq articles (cdr articles)))))))

(defun gnus-score-string (scores header now expire)
  ;; Score ARTICLES according to HEADER in SCORES.
  ;; Update matches entries to NOW and remove unmatched entried older
  ;; than EXPIRE.
  
  ;; Insert the unique article headers in the buffer.
  (let ((gnus-score-index (nth 1 (assoc header gnus-header-index)))
        ;; gnus-score-index is used as a free variable.
        alike last this art entries alist articles)

    ;; Sorting the articles costs os O(N*log N) but will allow us to
    ;; only match with each unique header.  Thus the actual matching
    ;; will be O(M*U) where M is the number of strings to match with,
    ;; and U is the number of unique headers.  It is assumed (but
    ;; untested) this will be a net win because of the large constant
    ;; factor involved with string matching.
    (setq gnus-scores-articles (sort gnus-scores-articles 'gnus-score-string<)
          articles gnus-scores-articles)

    (erase-buffer)
    (while articles
      (setq art (car articles)
            this (aref (car art) gnus-score-index)
            articles (cdr articles))
      (if (equal last this)
          ;; O(N*H) cons-cells used here, where H is the number of
          ;; headers.
          (setq alike (cons art alike))
        (if last
            (progn
              ;; Insert the line, with a text property on the
              ;; terminating newline refering to the articles with
              ;; this line.
              (insert last ?\n)
              (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) 'articles alike)))
        (setq alike (list art)
              last this)))
    (and last                           ; Bwadr, duplicate code.
         (progn
           (insert last ?\n)                    
           (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) 'articles alike)))
  
    ;; Find matches.
    (while scores
      (setq alist (car scores)
            scores (cdr scores)
            entries (assoc header alist))
      (while (cdr entries)              ;First entry is the header index.
        (let* ((rest (cdr entries))             
               (kill (car rest))
               (match (nth 0 kill))
               (type (or (nth 3 kill) 's))
               (score (or (nth 1 kill) gnus-score-interactive-default-score))
               (date (nth 2 kill))
               (found nil)
               (case-fold-search 
                (not (or (eq type 'R) (eq type 'S)
                         (eq type 'Regexp) (eq type 'String))))
               (search-func (cond ((or (eq type 'r) (eq type 'R)
                                       (eq type 'regexp) (eq type 'Regexp))
                                   're-search-forward)
                                  ((or (eq type 's) (eq type 'S)
                                       (eq type 'string) (eq type 'String))
                                   'search-forward)
                                  (t
                                   (error "Illegal match type: %s" type))))
               arts art)
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (while (funcall search-func match nil t)
            (end-of-line 1)
            (setq found t
                  arts (get-text-property (point) 'articles))
            ;; Found a match, update scores.
            (while arts
              (setq art (car arts)
                    arts (cdr arts))
              (setcdr art (+ score (cdr art)))))
          ;; Update expire date
          (cond ((null date))           ;Permanent entry.
                (found                  ;Match, update date.
                 (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                 (setcar (nthcdr 2 kill) now))
                ((< date expire) ;Old entry, remove.
                 (gnus-score-set 'touched '(t) alist)
                 (setcdr entries (cdr rest))
                 (setq rest entries)))
          (setq entries rest))))))

(defun gnus-score-string< (a1 a2)
  ;; Compare headers in articles A2 and A2.
  ;; The header index used is the free variable `gnus-score-index'.
  (string-lessp (aref (car a1) gnus-score-index)
                (aref (car a2) gnus-score-index)))

(defun gnus-score-build-cons (article)
  ;; Build a `gnus-newsgroup-scored' type cons from ARTICLE.
  (cons (header-number (car article)) (cdr article)))

(defconst gnus-header-index
  ;; Name to index alist.
  '(("number" 0 gnus-score-integer)
    ("subject" 1 gnus-score-string)
    ("from" 2 gnus-score-string)
    ("date" 3 gnus-score-date)
    ("message-id" 4 gnus-score-string) 
    ("references" 5 gnus-score-string) 
    ("chars" 6 gnus-score-integer) 
    ("lines" 7 gnus-score-integer) 
    ("xref" 8 gnus-score-string)
    ("head" -1 gnus-score-body)
    ("body" -1 gnus-score-body)
    ("all" -1 gnus-score-body)))

(defun gnus-score-file-name (newsgroup)
  "Return the name of a score file for NEWSGROUP."
  (cond  ((or (null newsgroup)
              (string-equal newsgroup ""))
          ;; The global score file is placed at top of the directory.
          (expand-file-name gnus-score-file-suffix
                            (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
         ((gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-score)
          ;; Append ".SCORE" to newsgroup name.
          (expand-file-name (concat newsgroup "." gnus-score-file-suffix)
                            (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))
         (t
          ;; Place "SCORE" under the hierarchical directory.
          (expand-file-name (concat (gnus-newsgroup-directory-form newsgroup)
                                    "/" gnus-score-file-suffix)
                            (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News")))))

(defun gnus-score-score-files (group)
  "Return a list of all possible score files."
  (and gnus-global-score-files 
       (or gnus-internal-global-score-files
           (gnus-score-search-global-directories gnus-global-score-files)))
  (setq gnus-kill-files-directory 
        (file-name-as-directory
         (or gnus-kill-files-directory "~/News/")))
  (if (not (file-readable-p gnus-kill-files-directory))
      (setq gnus-score-file-list nil)
    (if (gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-score)
        (if (or (not gnus-score-file-list)
                (gnus-file-newer-than gnus-kill-files-directory
                                      (car gnus-score-file-list)))
              (setq gnus-score-file-list 
                    (cons (nth 5 (file-attributes gnus-kill-files-directory))
                          (nreverse 
                           (directory-files 
                            gnus-kill-files-directory t
                            (concat gnus-score-file-suffix "$"))))))
      (let ((dir (expand-file-name
                  (concat gnus-kill-files-directory
                          (gnus-replace-chars-in-string group ?. ?/))))
            (mdir (length (expand-file-name gnus-kill-files-directory)))
            files)
        (if (file-exists-p (concat dir "/" gnus-score-file-suffix))
            (setq files (list (concat dir "/" gnus-score-file-suffix))))
        (while (>= (1+ (length dir)) mdir)
          (and (file-exists-p (concat dir "/all/" gnus-score-file-suffix))
               (setq files (cons (concat dir "/all/" gnus-score-file-suffix)
                                 files)))
          (string-match "/[^/]*$" dir)
          (setq dir (substring dir 0 (match-beginning 0))))
        (setq gnus-score-file-list 
              (cons nil (nreverse files)))))
    (cdr gnus-score-file-list)))
        
(defun gnus-score-find-single (group)
  "Return list containing the score file for GROUP."
  (list (gnus-score-file-name group)))

(defun gnus-score-find-hierarchical (group)
  "Return list of score files for GROUP.
This includes the score file for the group and all its parents."
  (let ((all (copy-sequence '(nil)))
        (start 0))
    (while (string-match "\\." group (1+ start))
      (setq start (match-beginning 0))
      (setq all (cons (substring group 0 start) all)))
    (setq all (cons group all))
    (mapcar 'gnus-score-file-name (nreverse all))))

(defun gnus-score-find-bnews (group)
  "Return a list of score files for GROUP.
The score files are those files in the ~/News directory which matches
GROUP using BNews sys file syntax."
  (let* ((sfiles (append (gnus-score-score-files group)
                         gnus-internal-global-score-files))
         (kill-dir (file-name-as-directory 
                    (expand-file-name gnus-kill-files-directory)))
         (klen (length kill-dir))
         ofiles not-match regexp)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*gnus score files*"))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      ;; Go through all score file names and create regexp with them
      ;; as the source.  
      (while sfiles
        (erase-buffer)
        (insert (car sfiles))
        (goto-char 1)
        ;; First remove the suffix itself.
        (re-search-forward (concat "." gnus-score-file-suffix "$"))
        (replace-match "") 
        (goto-char 1)
        (if (looking-at (regexp-quote kill-dir))
            ;; If the file name was just "SCORE", `klen' is one character
            ;; too much.
            (delete-char (min (1- (point-max)) klen))
          (goto-char (point-max))
          (search-backward "/")
          (delete-region (1+ (point)) (point-min)))
        ;; Translate "all" to ".*".
        (while (search-forward "all" nil t)
          (replace-match ".*"))
        (goto-char 1)
        ;; Deal with "not."s.
        (if (looking-at "not.")
            (progn
              (setq not-match t)
              (setq regexp (buffer-substring 5 (point-max))))
          (setq regexp (buffer-substring 1 (point-max)))
          (setq not-match nil))
        ;; Finally - if this resulting regexp matches the group name,
        ;; we add this score file to the list of score files
        ;; applicable to this group.
        (if (or (and not-match
                     (not (string-match regexp group)))
                (and (not not-match)
                     (string-match regexp group)))
            (setq ofiles (cons (car sfiles) ofiles)))
        (setq sfiles (cdr sfiles)))
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
      ;; Slight kludge here - the last score file returned should be
      ;; the local score file, whether it exists or not. This is so
      ;; that any score commands the user enters will go to the right
      ;; file, and not end up in some global score file.
      (let ((localscore
             (expand-file-name
              (if (gnus-use-long-file-name 'not-score)
                  (concat gnus-kill-files-directory group "." 
                          gnus-score-file-suffix)
                (concat gnus-kill-files-directory
                        (gnus-replace-chars-in-string group ?. ?/)
                        "/" gnus-score-file-suffix)))))
        (and (member localscore ofiles)
             (delete localscore ofiles))
        (setq ofiles (cons localscore ofiles)))
      (nreverse ofiles))))

(defun gnus-score-search-global-directories (files)
  "Scan all global score directories for score files."
  ;; Set the variable `gnus-internal-global-score-files' to all
  ;; available global score files.
  (interactive (list gnus-global-score-files))
  (let (out)
    (while files
      (if (string-match "/$" (car files))
          (setq out (nconc (directory-files 
                            (car files) t
                            (concat gnus-score-file-suffix "$"))))
        (setq out (cons (car files) out)))
      (setq files (cdr files)))
    (setq gnus-internal-global-score-files out)))

;;;
;;; Score mode.
;;;

(defvar gnus-score-mode-map nil)
(defvar gnus-score-mode-hook nil)

(if gnus-score-mode-map
    ()
  (setq gnus-score-mode-map (copy-keymap emacs-lisp-mode-map))
  (define-key gnus-score-mode-map "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-score-edit-done)
  (define-key gnus-score-mode-map "\C-c\C-d" 'gnus-score-edit-insert-date))

(defun gnus-score-mode ()
  "Mode for editing score files.
This mode is an extended emacs-lisp mode.

\\{gnus-score-mode-map}"
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (use-local-map gnus-score-mode-map)
  (set-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq major-mode 'gnus-score-mode)
  (setq mode-name "Score")
  (lisp-mode-variables nil)
  (run-hooks 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'gnus-score-mode-hook))

(defun gnus-score-edit-insert-date ()
  "Insert date in numerical format."
  (interactive)
  (insert (int-to-string (gnus-day-number (current-time-string)))))

(defun gnus-score-edit-done ()
  "Save the score file and return to the summary buffer."
  (interactive)
  (let ((bufnam (buffer-file-name (current-buffer))))
    (save-buffer)
    (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
    (and gnus-winconf-edit-score
         (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-edit-score))
    (gnus-score-remove-from-cache bufnam)
    (gnus-score-load-file bufnam)))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Posting Functions
;;;

(defvar gnus-organization-file "/usr/lib/news/organization"
  "*Local news organization file.")

(defvar gnus-post-news-buffer "*post-news*")
(defvar gnus-winconf-post-news nil)

;;; Post news commands of Gnus group mode and summary mode

(defun gnus-group-post-news ()
  "Post an article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  ;; Save window configuration.
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name nil))
    (unwind-protect
        (gnus-post-news 'post)
      (or (and (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
               (not (zerop (buffer-size))))
          ;; Restore last window configuration.
          (and gnus-winconf-post-news
               (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news)))))
  ;; We don't want to return to summary buffer nor article buffer later.
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news nil)
  (if (get-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
      (bury-buffer gnus-summary-buffer))
  (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
      (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)))

(defun gnus-summary-post-news ()
  "Post an article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  ;; Save window configuration.
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  (unwind-protect
      (gnus-post-news 'post gnus-newsgroup-name)
    (or (and (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
             (not (zerop (buffer-size))))
        ;; Restore last window configuration.
        (and gnus-winconf-post-news
             (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news))))
  ;; We don't want to return to article buffer later.
  (if (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
      (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)))

(defun gnus-summary-followup (yank)
  "Compose a followup to an article.
If prefix argument YANK is non-nil, original article is yanked automatically."
  (interactive "P")
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (save-window-excursion
    (gnus-summary-select-article t))
  (let ((headers gnus-current-headers)
        (gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    ;; Check Followup-To: poster.
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (if (and gnus-use-followup-to
             (string-equal "poster" (gnus-fetch-field "followup-to"))
             (or (not (eq gnus-use-followup-to t))
                 (not (gnus-y-or-n-p 
                       "Do you want to ignore `Followup-To: poster'? "))))
        ;; Mail to the poster.  Gnus is now RFC1036 compliant.
        (gnus-summary-reply yank)
      ;; Save window configuration.
      (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
      (unwind-protect
          (gnus-post-news nil gnus-newsgroup-name
                          headers gnus-article-buffer yank)
        (or (and (eq (current-buffer) (get-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
                 (not (zerop (buffer-size))))
            ;; Restore last window configuration.
            (and gnus-winconf-post-news
                 (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news))))
      ;; We don't want to return to article buffer later.
      (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)))
  (gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted))

(defun gnus-summary-followup-with-original ()
  "Compose a followup to an article and include the original article."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-followup t))

;; Suggested by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.
(defun gnus-summary-followup-and-reply (yank)
  "Compose a followup and do an auto mail to author."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((gnus-auto-mail-to-author t))
    (gnus-summary-followup yank)))

(defun gnus-summary-followup-and-reply-with-original ()
  "Compose a followup, include the original, and do an auto mail to author."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-followup-and-reply t))

(defun gnus-summary-cancel-article ()
  "Cancel an article you posted."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (gnus-eval-in-buffer-window gnus-article-buffer (gnus-cancel-news))
  (gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted))

(defun gnus-summary-supersede-article ()
  "Compose an article that will supersede a previous article.
This is done simply by taking the old article and adding a Supersedes
header line with the old Message-ID."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (if (not
       (string-equal
        (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names 
                   (header-from gnus-current-headers)))
        (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names (gnus-inews-user-name)))))
      (error "This article is not yours."))
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
      (if (not (re-search-backward "^Message-ID: " nil t))
          (error "No Message-ID in this article"))))
  (if (gnus-post-news 'post gnus-newsgroup-name)
      (progn
        (erase-buffer)
        (insert-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
        (if (not (re-search-backward "^Message-ID: " nil t))
            (error "No Message-ID in this article")
          (replace-match "Supersedes: "))
        (search-forward "\n\n")
        (forward-line -1)
        (insert mail-header-separator))))

\f
;;;###autoload
(fset 'sendnews 'gnus-post-news)

;;;###autoload
(fset 'postnews 'gnus-post-news)

(defun gnus-post-news (post &optional group header article-buffer yank)
  "Begin editing a new USENET news article to be posted.
Type \\[describe-mode] in the buffer to get a list of commands."
  (interactive (list t))
  (if (or (not gnus-novice-user)
          gnus-expert-user
          (not (eq 'post 
                   (nth 1 (assoc 
                           (format "%s" (car (gnus-find-method-for-group 
                                              gnus-newsgroup-name)))
                           gnus-valid-select-methods))))
          (assq 'to-address (gnus-find-method-for-group gnus-newsgroup-name))
          (gnus-y-or-n-p "Are you sure you want to post to all of USENET? "))
      (let ((sumart (if (not post)
                        (save-excursion
                          (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                          (cons (current-buffer) gnus-current-article))))
            (from (and header (header-from header)))
            subject follow-to real-group)
        (and gnus-interactive-post
             (not gnus-expert-user)
             post (not group)
             (progn
               (setq group 
                     (completing-read "Group: " gnus-active-hashtb nil t))
               (setq subject (read-string "Subject: "))))
        (setq mail-reply-buffer article-buffer)

        (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name (or group gnus-newsgroup-name "")))
          (setq real-group (and group (gnus-group-real-name group)))
          (setq gnus-post-news-buffer 
                (gnus-request-post-buffer 
                 post real-group subject header article-buffer
                 (nth 2 (and group (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
                 (if (and (boundp 'gnus-followup-to-function)
                          gnus-followup-to-function)
                     (setq follow-to
                           (save-excursion
                             (set-buffer article-buffer)
                             (funcall gnus-followup-to-function group))))
                 (eq gnus-use-followup-to t)))
          (if post
              (progn
                (gnus-configure-windows '(1 0 0))
                (switch-to-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
            (gnus-configure-windows '(0 1 0))
            (if (not yank)
                (progn
                  (switch-to-buffer article-buffer)
                  (pop-to-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer))
              (switch-to-buffer gnus-post-news-buffer)))
          (gnus-overload-functions)
          (make-local-variable 'gnus-article-reply)
          (make-local-variable 'gnus-article-check-size)
          (setq gnus-article-reply sumart)
          ;; Handle `gnus-auto-mail-to-author'.
          ;; Suggested by Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@best.com>.
          (let ((to (if (eq gnus-auto-mail-to-author 'ask)
                        (and (y-or-n-p "Also send mail to author? ") from)
                      (and gnus-auto-mail-to-author from))))
            (if to
                (progn
                  (if (mail-fetch-field "To")
                      (progn
                        (beginning-of-line)
                        (insert "Cc: " to "\n"))
                    (mail-position-on-field "To")
                    (insert to)))))
          ;; Handle author copy using BCC field.
          (if (and gnus-mail-self-blind
                   (not (mail-fetch-field "bcc")))
              (progn
                (mail-position-on-field "Bcc")
                (insert (if (stringp gnus-mail-self-blind)
                            gnus-mail-self-blind
                          (user-login-name)))))
          ;; Handle author copy using FCC field.
          (if gnus-author-copy
              (progn
                (mail-position-on-field "Fcc")
                (insert gnus-author-copy)))
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if post 
              (cond ((not group)
                     (re-search-forward "^Newsgroup:" nil t)
                     (end-of-line))
                    ((not subject)
                     (re-search-forward "^Subject:" nil t)
                     (end-of-line))
                    (t
                     (re-search-forward 
                      (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))
                     (forward-line 1)))
            (re-search-forward 
             (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))
            (forward-line 1)
            (if yank 
                (save-excursion
                  (run-hooks 'news-reply-header-hook)
                  (mail-yank-original nil)))
            (if gnus-post-prepare-function
                (funcall gnus-post-prepare-function group))))))
  (setq gnus-article-check-size (cons (buffer-size) (gnus-article-checksum)))
  (message "")
  t)

(defun gnus-inews-news (&optional use-group-method)
  "Send a news message.
If given a prefix, and the group is a foreign group, this function
will attempt to use the foreign server to post the article."
  (interactive "P")
  ;; Check whether the article is a good Net Citizen.
  (if (and gnus-article-check-size (not (gnus-inews-check-post)))
      ;; Aber nein!
      ()
    ;; Looks ok, so we do the nasty.
    (let* ((case-fold-search nil)
           (server-running (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method))
           (reply gnus-article-reply))
      (save-excursion
        ;; Connect to default NNTP server if necessary.
        ;; Suggested by yuki@flab.fujitsu.junet.
        (gnus-start-news-server)        ;Use default server.
        ;; NNTP server must be opened before current buffer is modified.
        (widen)
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (run-hooks 'news-inews-hook)
        (save-restriction
          (narrow-to-region
           (point-min)
           (progn
             (goto-char (point-min))
             (re-search-forward 
              (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))))

          ;; Correct newsgroups field: change sequence of spaces to comma and 
          ;; eliminate spaces around commas.  Eliminate imbedded line breaks.
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (search-forward-regexp "^Newsgroups: +" nil t)
              (save-restriction
                (narrow-to-region
                 (point)
                 (if (re-search-forward "^[^ \t]" nil 'end)
                     (match-beginning 0)
                   (point-max)))
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (replace-regexp "\n[ \t]+" " ") ;No line breaks (too confusing)
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (replace-regexp "[ \t\n]*,[ \t\n]*\\|[ \t]+" ",")))

          ;; Added by Per Abrahamsen <abraham@iesd.auc.dk>.
          ;; Help save the the world!
          (or 
           gnus-expert-user
           (let ((newsgroups (mail-fetch-field "newsgroups"))
                 (followup-to (mail-fetch-field "followup-to"))
                 groups to)
             (if (and (string-match "," newsgroups) (not followup-to))
                 (progn
                   (while (string-match "," newsgroups)
                     (setq groups
                           (cons (list (substring newsgroups
                                                  0 (match-beginning 0)))
                                 groups))
                     (setq newsgroups (substring newsgroups (match-end 0))))
                   (setq groups (nreverse (cons (list newsgroups) groups)))

                   (setq to
                         (completing-read "Followups to: (default all groups) "
                                          groups))
                   (if (> (length to) 0)
                       (progn
                         (goto-char (point-min))
                         (insert "Followup-To: " to "\n")))))))

          ;; Cleanup Followup-To.
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (search-forward-regexp "^Followup-To: +" nil t)
              (save-restriction
                (narrow-to-region
                 (point)
                 (if (re-search-forward "^[^ \t]" nil 'end)
                     (match-beginning 0)
                   (point-max)))
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (replace-regexp "\n[ \t]+" " ") ;No line breaks (too confusing)
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (replace-regexp "[ \t\n]*,[ \t\n]*\\|[ \t]+" ",")))

          ;; Mail the message too if To:, Bcc:. or Cc: exists.
          (if (or (mail-fetch-field "to" nil t)
                  (mail-fetch-field "bcc" nil t)
                  (mail-fetch-field "cc" nil t))
              (if gnus-mail-send-method
                  (save-excursion
                    (save-restriction
                      (widen)
                      (message "Sending via mail...")
                      
                      (if gnus-mail-courtesy-message
                          (progn
                            ;; Insert "courtesy" mail message.
                            (goto-char 1)
                            (re-search-forward
                             (concat "^" (regexp-quote
                                          mail-header-separator) "$"))
                            (forward-line 1)
                            (insert gnus-mail-courtesy-message)
                            (funcall gnus-mail-send-method)
                            (goto-char 1)
                            (search-forward gnus-mail-courtesy-message)
                            (replace-match ""))
                        (funcall gnus-mail-send-method))

                      (message "Sending via mail... done")
                      
                      (goto-char 1)
                      (narrow-to-region
                       1 (re-search-forward 
                          (concat "^" (regexp-quote 
                                       mail-header-separator) "$")))
                      (goto-char 1)
                      (delete-matching-lines "BCC:.*")))
                (ding)
                (message "No mailer defined.  To: and/or Cc: fields ignored.")
                (sit-for 1))))

        ;; Send to NNTP server. 
        (message "Posting to USENET...")
        (if (gnus-inews-article use-group-method)
            (progn
              (message "Posting to USENET... done")
              (if (and reply
                       (get-buffer (car reply))
                       (buffer-name (car reply)))
                  (progn
                    (save-excursion
                      (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
                      (gnus-summary-mark-article-as-replied 
                       (cdr reply))))))
          ;; We cannot signal an error.
          (ding) (message "Article rejected: %s" 
                          (gnus-status-message gnus-select-method)))
        (set-buffer-modified-p nil))
      ;; If NNTP server is opened by gnus-inews-news, close it by myself.
      (or server-running
          (gnus-close-server (gnus-find-method-for-group gnus-newsgroup-name)))
      (and (fboundp 'bury-buffer) (bury-buffer))
      ;; Restore last window configuration.
      (and gnus-winconf-post-news
           (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news))
      (setq gnus-winconf-post-news nil))))

(defun gnus-inews-check-post ()
  "Check whether the post looks ok."
  (and 
   ;; Check excessive size.
   (if (> (buffer-size) 60000)
       (gnus-y-or-n-p (format "The article is %d octets long. Really post? "
                              (buffer-size)))
     t)
   ;; Check for commands in Subject.
   (save-excursion
     (save-restriction
       (goto-char (point-min))
       (narrow-to-region 
        (point) 
        (re-search-forward 
         (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$")))
       (if (string-match "^cmsg " (mail-fetch-field "subject"))
           (gnus-y-or-n-p
            "The control code \"cmsg \" is in the subject. Really post? ")
         t)))
   ;; Check for control characters.
   (save-excursion
     (if (re-search-forward "[\000-\007\013\015-\037\200-\237]" nil t)
         (gnus-y-or-n-p 
          "The article contains control characters. Really post? ")
       t))
   ;; Check for multiple identical headers.
   (let (found)
     (save-excursion
       (save-restriction
         (goto-char (point-min))
         (narrow-to-region
          (point) 
          (re-search-forward 
           (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$")))
         (goto-char (point-min))
         (while (and (not found) (re-search-forward "^[^ \t:]+: " nil t))
           (save-excursion
             (or (re-search-forward 
                  (concat "^" (setq found
                                    (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) 
                                                      (match-end 0))))
                  nil t)
                 (setq found nil))))
         (if found
             (gnus-y-or-n-p 
              (format "Multiple %s headers. Really post? " found))
           t))))
   ;; Check for version and sendsys.
   (save-excursion
     (save-restriction
       (goto-char (point-min))
       (narrow-to-region
        (point) 
        (re-search-forward 
         (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$")))
       (if (re-search-backward "^Sendsys:\\|^Version:" nil t)
           (gnus-yes-or-no-p
            (format "The article contains a %s command. Really post? "
                    (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))))
         t)))
   ;; Check the From header.
   (save-excursion
     (save-restriction
       (goto-char (point-min))
       (narrow-to-region
        (point)
        (re-search-forward
         (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$")))
       (let* ((case-fold-search t)
              (from (mail-fetch-field "from")))
         (if (and from
                  (string-match "@" from)
                  (not (string-match "@[^\\.]*\\." from)))
             (gnus-yes-or-no-p
              (format "The domain looks strange: \"%s\". Really post? "
                      from))
           t))))
   ;; Check for long lines.
   (save-excursion
     (save-restriction
       (goto-char (point-min))
       (narrow-to-region
        (point)
        (re-search-forward
         (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$")))
       (while 
           (and
            (progn
              (end-of-line)
              (< (current-column) 80))
            (zerop (forward-line 1))))
       (or (eobp)
           (gnus-yes-or-no-p
            (format
             "You have lines longer than 79 characters.  Really post? ")))))
   ;; Use the (size . checksum) variable to see whether the
   ;; article is empty or has only quoted text.
   (if (and (= (buffer-size) (car gnus-article-check-size))
            (= (gnus-article-checksum) (cdr gnus-article-check-size)))
       (gnus-yes-or-no-p
        "It looks like there's no new text in your article. Really post? ")
     t)))

(defun gnus-article-checksum ()
  (let ((sum 0))
    (save-excursion
      (while (not (eobp))
        (setq sum (logxor sum (following-char)))
        (forward-char 1)))
    sum))

(defun gnus-cancel-news ()
  "Cancel an article you posted."
  (interactive)
  (if (gnus-yes-or-no-p "Do you really want to cancel this article? ")
      (let ((from nil)
            (newsgroups nil)
            (message-id nil)
            (distribution nil))
        (save-excursion
          ;; Get header info. from original article.
          (save-restriction
            (gnus-article-show-all-headers)
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (search-forward "\n\n" nil 'move)
            (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
            (setq from (mail-fetch-field "from"))
            (setq newsgroups (mail-fetch-field "newsgroups"))
            (setq message-id (mail-fetch-field "message-id"))
            (setq distribution (mail-fetch-field "distribution")))
          ;; Verify if the article is absolutely user's by comparing
          ;; user id with value of its From: field.
          (if (not
               (string-equal
                (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names from))
                (downcase (mail-strip-quoted-names (gnus-inews-user-name)))))
              (progn
                (ding) (message "This article is not yours."))
            ;; Make control article.
            (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-canceling*"))
            (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
            (erase-buffer)
            (insert "Newsgroups: " newsgroups "\n"
                    "Subject: cancel " message-id "\n"
                    "Control: cancel " message-id "\n"
                    mail-header-separator "\n"
                    "This is a cancel message from " from ".\n")
            ;; Send the control article to NNTP server.
            (message "Canceling your article...")
            (if (gnus-inews-article)
                (message "Canceling your article... done")
              (ding) (message "Failed to cancel your article"))
            ;; Kill the article buffer.
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))))))

\f
;;; Lowlevel inews interface

(defun gnus-inews-article (&optional use-group-method)
  "Post an article in current buffer using NNTP protocol."
  (let ((artbuf (current-buffer))
        (tmpbuf (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-posting*")))
    (widen)
    (goto-char (point-max))
    ;; require a newline at the end for inews to append .signature to
    (or (= (preceding-char) ?\n)
        (insert ?\n))
    ;; Prepare article headers.  All message body such as signature
    ;; must be inserted before Lines: field is prepared.
    (save-restriction
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (narrow-to-region 
       (point-min) 
       (save-excursion
         (re-search-forward 
          (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))
         (match-beginning 0)))
      (gnus-inews-insert-headers)
      (run-hooks gnus-inews-article-header-hook)
      (widen))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer tmpbuf)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert-buffer-substring artbuf)
      ;; Remove the header separator.
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (re-search-forward
       (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))
      (replace-match "\n\n")
      ;; This hook may insert a signature.
      (run-hooks 'gnus-prepare-article-hook)
      ;; Run final inews hooks.  This hook may do FCC.
      ;; The article must be saved before being posted because
      ;; `gnus-request-post' modifies the buffer.
      (run-hooks 'gnus-inews-article-hook)
      ;; Post an article to NNTP server.
      ;; Return NIL if post failed.
      (prog1
          (gnus-request-post 
           (if use-group-method
               (gnus-find-method-for-group gnus-newsgroup-name)
             gnus-select-method) use-group-method)
        (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))))

(defun gnus-inews-insert-headers ()
  "Prepare article headers.
Headers already prepared in the buffer are not modified.
Headers in `gnus-required-headers' will be generated."
  (let ((Date (gnus-inews-date))
        (Message-ID (gnus-inews-message-id))
        (Organization (gnus-inews-organization))
        (From (gnus-inews-user-name))
        (Path (gnus-inews-path))
        (Subject nil)
        (Newsgroups nil)
        (Distribution nil)
        (Lines (gnus-inews-lines))
        (X-Newsreader gnus-version)
        (headers gnus-required-headers)
        (case-fold-search t)
        header value)
    ;; First we remove any old Message-IDs. This might be slightly
    ;; fascist, but if the user really wants to generate Message-IDs
    ;; by herself, she should remove it from the `gnus-required-list'. 
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (and (memq 'Message-ID headers)
         (re-search-forward "^Message-ID:" nil t)
         (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                        (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
    ;; Remove NNTP-posting-host.
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (and (re-search-forward "nntp-posting-host^:" nil t)
         (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                        (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
    ;; Insert new Sender if the From is strange. 
    (let ((from (mail-fetch-field "from")))
      (if (and from (not (string= (downcase from) (downcase From))))
          (progn
            (goto-char (point-min))    
            (and (re-search-forward "^Sender:" nil t)
                 (delete-region (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))
                                (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
            (insert "Sender: " From "\n"))))
    ;; If there are References, and no "Re: ", then the thread has
    ;; changed name. See Son-of-1036.
    (if (and (mail-fetch-field "references")
             (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
        (let ((psubject (gnus-simplify-subject-re
                         (mail-fetch-field "subject")))
              subject)
          (save-excursion
            (set-buffer (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
            (save-restriction
              (gnus-narrow-to-headers)
              (if (setq subject (mail-fetch-field "subject"))
                  (progn
                    (and gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit
                         (numberp gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit)
                         (> (length subject) gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit)
                         (setq subject
                               (substring subject 0
                                          gnus-summary-gather-subject-limit)))
                    (setq subject (gnus-simplify-subject-re subject))))))
          (or (and psubject subject (string= subject psubject))
              (progn
                (string-match "@" Message-ID)
                (setq Message-ID
                      (concat (substring Message-ID 0 (match-beginning 0))
                              "_-_" 
                              (substring Message-ID (match-beginning 0))))))))
    ;; Go through all the required headers and see if they are in the
    ;; articles already. If they are not, or are empty, they are
    ;; inserted automatically - except for Subject, Newsgroups and
    ;; Distribution. 
    (while headers
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (setq header (car headers))
      (if (or (not (re-search-forward 
                    (concat "^" (downcase (symbol-name header)) ":") nil t))
              (progn
                (if (= (following-char) ? ) (forward-char 1) (insert " "))
                (looking-at "[ \t]*$")))
          (progn
            (setq value (or (and (boundp header) (symbol-value header))
                            (read-from-minibuffer
                             (format "Empty header for %s; enter value: " 
                                     header))))
            (if (bolp)
                (save-excursion
                  (goto-char (point-max))
                  (insert (symbol-name header) ": " value "\n"))
              (replace-match value))))
      (setq headers (cdr headers)))))

(defun gnus-inews-insert-signature ()
  "Insert a signature file.
If `gnus-signature-function' is bound and returns a string, this
string is used instead of the variable `gnus-signature-file'.
In either case, if the string is a file name, this file is
inserted. If the string is not a file name, the string itself is
inserted. 
If you never want any signature inserted, set both those variables to
nil."
  (save-excursion
    (let ((signature 
           (or (and gnus-signature-function
                    (fboundp gnus-signature-function)
                    (funcall gnus-signature-function gnus-newsgroup-name))
               gnus-signature-file))
          b)
      (if (and signature
               (or (file-exists-p signature)
                   (string-match " " signature)
                   (not (string-match 
                         "^/[^/]+/" (expand-file-name signature)))))
          (progn
            (goto-char (point-max))
            ;; Delete any previous signatures.
            (if (and mail-signature (search-backward "\n-- \n" nil t))
                (delete-region (1+ (point)) (point-max)))
            (insert "\n-- \n")
            (and (< 4 (setq b (count-lines 
                               (point)
                               (progn
                                 (if (file-exists-p signature)
                                     (insert-file-contents signature)
                                   (insert signature))
                                 (goto-char (point-max))
                                 (or (bolp) (insert "\n"))
                                 (point)))))
                 (not gnus-expert-user)
                 (not
                  (gnus-y-or-n-p
                   (format
                    "Your .sig is %d lines; it should be max 4. Really post? "
                    b)))
                 (if (file-exists-p signature)
                     (error (format "Edit %s." signature))
                   (error "Trim your signature."))))))))

(defun gnus-inews-do-fcc ()
  "Process FCC: fields in current article buffer.
Unless the first character of the field is `|', the article is saved
to the specified file using the function specified by the variable
gnus-author-copy-saver.  The default function rmail-output saves in
Unix mailbox format.
If the first character is `|', the contents of the article is send to
a program specified by the rest of the value."
  (let ((fcc-list nil)
        (fcc-file nil)
        (case-fold-search t))           ;Should ignore case.
    (save-excursion
      (save-restriction
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (search-forward "\n\n")
        (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (while (re-search-forward "^FCC:[ \t]*" nil t)
          (setq fcc-list
                (cons (buffer-substring
                       (point)
                       (progn
                         (end-of-line)
                         (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                         (point)))
                      fcc-list))
          (delete-region (match-beginning 0)
                         (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
        ;; Process FCC operations.
        (widen)
        (while fcc-list
          (setq fcc-file (car fcc-list))
          (setq fcc-list (cdr fcc-list))
          (cond ((string-match "^[ \t]*|[ \t]*\\(.*\\)[ \t]*$" fcc-file)
                 (let ((program (substring fcc-file
                                           (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
                   ;; Suggested by yuki@flab.fujitsu.junet.
                   ;; Send article to named program.
                   (call-process-region (point-min) (point-max) shell-file-name
                                        nil nil nil "-c" program)))
                (t
                 ;; Suggested by hyoko@flab.fujitsu.junet.
                 ;; Save article in Unix mail format by default.
                 (if (and gnus-author-copy-saver
                          (not (eq gnus-author-copy-saver 'rmail-output)))
                     (funcall gnus-author-copy-saver fcc-file)
                   (if (and (file-readable-p fcc-file) (rmail-file-p fcc-file))
                       (gnus-output-to-rmail fcc-file)
                     (rmail-output fcc-file 1 t t))))))))))

(defun gnus-inews-path ()
  "Return uucp path."
  (let ((login-name (gnus-inews-login-name)))
    (cond ((null gnus-use-generic-path)
           (concat (nth 1 gnus-select-method) "!" login-name))
          ((stringp gnus-use-generic-path)
           ;; Support GENERICPATH.  Suggested by vixie@decwrl.dec.com.
           (concat gnus-use-generic-path "!" login-name))
          (t login-name))))

(defun gnus-inews-user-name ()
  "Return user's network address as \"NAME@DOMAIN (FULL-NAME)\"."
  (let ((full-name (gnus-inews-full-name)))
    (or gnus-user-from-line
        (concat (if (or gnus-user-login-name gnus-use-generic-from
                        gnus-local-domain (getenv "DOMAINNAME"))
                    (concat (gnus-inews-login-name) "@"
                            (gnus-inews-domain-name gnus-use-generic-from))
                  user-mail-address)
                ;; User's full name.
                (cond ((string-equal full-name "") "")
                      ((string-equal full-name "&") ;Unix hack.
                       (concat " (" (user-login-name) ")"))
                      (t
                       (concat " (" full-name ")")))))))

(defun gnus-inews-login-name ()
  "Return login name."
  (or gnus-user-login-name (getenv "LOGNAME") (user-login-name)))

(defun gnus-inews-full-name ()
  "Return full user name."
  (or gnus-user-full-name (getenv "NAME") (user-full-name)))

(defun gnus-inews-domain-name (&optional genericfrom)
  "Return user's domain name.
If optional argument GENERICFROM is a string, use it as the domain
name; if it is non-nil, strip off local host name from the domain name.
If the function `system-name' returns full internet name and the
domain is undefined, the domain name is got from it."
  (if (or genericfrom gnus-local-domain (getenv "DOMAINNAME"))
      (let* ((system-name (system-name))
             (domain 
              (or (if (stringp genericfrom) genericfrom)
                  (getenv "DOMAINNAME")
                  gnus-local-domain
                  ;; Function `system-name' may return full internet name.
                  ;; Suggested by Mike DeCorte <mrd@sun.soe.clarkson.edu>.
                  (if (string-match "\\." system-name)
                      (substring system-name (match-end 0)))
                  (read-string "Domain name (no host): ")))
             (host (or (if (string-match "\\." system-name)
                           (substring system-name 0 (match-beginning 0)))
                       system-name)))
        (if (string-equal "." (substring domain 0 1))
            (setq domain (substring domain 1)))
        ;; Support GENERICFROM as same as standard Bnews system.
        ;; Suggested by ohm@kaba.junet and vixie@decwrl.dec.com.
        (cond ((null genericfrom)
               (concat host "." domain))
              ;;((stringp genericfrom) genericfrom)
              (t domain)))
    (if (string-match "\\." (system-name))
        (system-name)
      (substring user-mail-address 
                 (1+ (string-match "@" user-mail-address))))))

(defun gnus-inews-full-address ()
  (let ((domain (gnus-inews-domain-name))
        (system (system-name))
        (case-fold-search t))
    (if (string-match "\\." system) system
      (if (string-match (concat "^" (regexp-quote system)) domain) domain
        (concat system "." domain)))))

(defun gnus-inews-message-id ()
  "Generate unique Message-ID for user."
  ;; Message-ID should not contain a slash and should be terminated by
  ;; a number.  I don't know the reason why it is so.
  (concat "<" (gnus-inews-unique-id) "@" (gnus-inews-full-address) ">"))

(defun gnus-inews-unique-id ()
  "Generate unique ID from user name and current time."
  (concat (downcase (gnus-inews-login-name))
          (mapconcat 
           (lambda (num) (gnus-number-base-x num 3 31))
           (current-time) "")))

(defun gnus-inews-date ()
  "Current time string."
  (timezone-make-date-arpa-standard 
   (current-time-string) (current-time-zone)))

(defun gnus-inews-organization ()
  "Return user's organization.
The ORGANIZATION environment variable is used if defined.
If not, the variable `gnus-local-organization' is used instead.
If it is a function, the function will be called with the current
newsgroup name as the argument.
If this is a file name, the contents of this file will be used as the
organization."
  (let* ((organization 
          (or (getenv "ORGANIZATION")
              (if gnus-local-organization
                  (if (and (symbolp gnus-local-organization)
                           (fboundp gnus-local-organization))
                      (funcall gnus-local-organization gnus-newsgroup-name)
                    gnus-local-organization))
              gnus-organization-file
              "~/.organization")))
    (and (stringp organization)
         (> (length organization) 0)
         (or (file-exists-p organization)
             (string-match " " organization)
             (not (string-match  "^/[^/]+/" (expand-file-name organization))))
         (save-excursion
           (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *Gnus organization*"))
           (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
           (erase-buffer)
           (if (file-exists-p organization)
               (insert-file-contents organization)
             (insert organization))
           (goto-char (point-min))
           (while (re-search-forward " *\n *" nil t)
             (replace-match " "))
           (buffer-substring (point-min) (point-max))))))

(defun gnus-inews-lines ()
  "Count the number of lines and return numeric string."
  (save-excursion
    (save-restriction
      (widen)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (search-forward "\n\n" nil 'move)
      (int-to-string (count-lines (point) (point-max))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Gnus Mail Functions 
;;;

;;; Mail reply commands of Gnus summary mode

(defun gnus-summary-reply (yank)
  "Reply mail to news author.
If prefix argument YANK is non-nil, original article is yanked automatically.
Customize the variable gnus-mail-reply-method to use another mailer."
  (interactive "P")
  ;; Bug fix by jbw@bigbird.bu.edu (Joe Wells)
  ;; Stripping headers should be specified with mail-yank-ignored-headers.
  (gnus-set-global-variables)
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (bury-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
    (funcall gnus-mail-reply-method yank))
  (gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted))

(defun gnus-summary-reply-with-original ()
  "Reply mail to news author with original article.
Customize the variable gnus-mail-reply-method to use another mailer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-reply t))

(defun gnus-summary-mail-forward ()
  "Forward the current message to another user.
Customize the variable gnus-mail-forward-method to use another mailer."
  (interactive)
  (gnus-summary-select-article t)
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
  (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (funcall gnus-mail-forward-method))
  (gnus-article-hide-headers-if-wanted))

(defun gnus-summary-mail-other-window ()
  "Compose mail in other window.
Customize the variable `gnus-mail-other-window-method' to use another
mailer."
  (interactive)
  (setq gnus-winconf-post-news (current-window-configuration))
  (let ((gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
    (funcall gnus-mail-other-window-method)))

(defun gnus-mail-reply-using-mail (&optional yank to-address)
  (save-excursion
    (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
    (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash gnus-newsgroup-name gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
          (group (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
          (cur (cons (current-buffer) (cdr gnus-article-current)))
          from subject date to reply-to message-of
          references message-id sender follow-to cc)
      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*mail*"))
      (mail-mode)
      (make-local-variable 'gnus-article-reply)
      (setq gnus-article-reply cur)
      (use-local-map (copy-keymap mail-mode-map))
      (local-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-mail-send-and-exit)
      (if (and (buffer-modified-p)
               (> (buffer-size) 0)
               (not (gnus-y-or-n-p 
                     "Unsent article being composed; erase it? ")))
          ()
        (erase-buffer)
        (save-excursion
          (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
          (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (narrow-to-region (point-min)
                              (progn (search-forward "\n\n") (point)))
            (add-text-properties (point-min) (point-max) '(invisible nil)))
          (if (and (boundp 'gnus-reply-to-function)
                   gnus-reply-to-function)
              (save-excursion
                (save-restriction
                  (gnus-narrow-to-headers)
                  (setq follow-to (funcall gnus-reply-to-function group)))))
          (setq from (mail-fetch-field "from"))
          (setq date (mail-fetch-field "date"))
          (and from
               (let ((stop-pos 
                      (string-match "  *at \\|  *@ \\| *(\\| *<" from)))
                 (setq message-of
                       (concat (if stop-pos (substring from 0 stop-pos) from)
                               "'s message of " date))))
          (setq sender (mail-fetch-field "sender"))
          (setq subject (or (mail-fetch-field "subject")
                            "Re: none"))
          (or (string-match "^[Rr][Ee]:" subject)
              (setq subject (concat "Re: " subject)))
          (setq cc (mail-fetch-field "cc"))
          (setq reply-to (mail-fetch-field "reply-to"))
          (setq references (mail-fetch-field "references"))
          (setq message-id (mail-fetch-field "message-id"))
          (widen))
        (setq news-reply-yank-from from)
        (setq news-reply-yank-message-id message-id)
        (mail-setup (or to-address 
                        (if (and follow-to (not (stringp follow-to))) ""
                          (or follow-to reply-to from sender "")))
                    subject message-of nil gnus-article-buffer nil)
        (if (and follow-to (listp follow-to))
            (progn
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (while follow-to
                (insert (car (car follow-to)) ": " (cdr (car follow-to)) "\n")
                (setq follow-to (cdr follow-to)))))
        ;; Fold long references line to follow RFC1036.
        (mail-position-on-field "References")
        (let ((begin (- (point) (length "References: ")))
              (fill-column 78)
              (fill-prefix "\t"))
          (if references (insert references))
          (if (and references message-id) (insert " "))
          (if message-id (insert message-id))
          ;; The region must end with a newline to fill the region
          ;; without inserting extra newline.
          (fill-region-as-paragraph begin (1+ (point))))
        (goto-char (point-min))
        (re-search-forward
         (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))
        (forward-line 1)
        (if yank
            (let ((last (point)))
              (run-hooks 'news-reply-header-hook)
              (mail-yank-original nil)
              (goto-char last))))
      (if (not yank)
          (let ((mail (current-buffer)))
            (gnus-configure-windows '(0 0 1))
            (switch-to-buffer-other-window mail))
        (gnus-configure-windows '(0 1 0))
        (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))))))

(defun gnus-mail-yank-original ()
  (interactive)
  (run-hooks 'news-reply-header-hook)
  (mail-yank-original nil))

(defun gnus-mail-send-and-exit ()
  (interactive)
  (let ((cbuf (current-buffer)))
    (mail-send-and-exit nil)
    (if (get-buffer gnus-group-buffer)
        (progn
          (save-excursion
            (set-buffer cbuf)
            (let ((reply gnus-article-reply))
              (if (and reply
                       (get-buffer (car reply))
                       (buffer-name (car reply)))
                  (progn
                    (set-buffer (car reply))
                    (and (cdr reply)
                         (gnus-summary-mark-article-as-replied 
                          (cdr reply)))))))
          (and gnus-winconf-post-news
               (set-window-configuration gnus-winconf-post-news))
          (setq gnus-winconf-post-news nil)))))

(defun gnus-mail-forward-using-mail ()
  "Forward the current message to another user using mail."
  ;; This is almost a carbon copy of rmail-forward in rmail.el.
  (let ((forward-buffer (current-buffer))
        (subject
         (concat "[" (if (memq 'mail (assoc (symbol-name 
                                             (car (gnus-find-method-for-group 
                                                   gnus-newsgroup-name)))
                                            gnus-valid-select-methods))
                         (gnus-fetch-field "From")
                       gnus-newsgroup-name)
                 "] " (or (gnus-fetch-field "Subject") "")))
        beg)
    ;; If only one window, use it for the mail buffer.
    ;; Otherwise, use another window for the mail buffer
    ;; so that the Rmail buffer remains visible
    ;; and sending the mail will get back to it.
    (if (if (one-window-p t)
            (mail nil nil subject)
          (mail-other-window nil nil subject))
        (save-excursion
          (use-local-map (copy-keymap emacs-lisp-mode-map))
          (local-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-mail-send-and-exit)
          (setq beg (goto-char (point-max)))
          (insert "------- Start of forwarded message -------\n")
          (insert-buffer forward-buffer)
          (goto-char (point-max))
          (insert "------- End of forwarded message -------\n")
          ;; Suggested by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>. 
          (goto-char beg)
          (while (setq beg (next-single-property-change (point) 'invisible))
            (goto-char beg)
            (delete-region beg (or (next-single-property-change 
                                    (point) 'invisible)
                                   (point-max))))
          ;; You have a chance to arrange the message.
          (run-hooks 'gnus-mail-forward-hook)))))

(defun gnus-mail-other-window-using-mail ()
  "Compose mail other window using mail."
  (mail-other-window nil nil nil nil nil (get-buffer gnus-article-buffer))
  (use-local-map (copy-keymap (current-local-map)))
  (local-set-key "\C-c\C-c" 'gnus-mail-send-and-exit))

\f
;;;
;;; Dribble file
;;;

(defvar gnus-dribble-ignore nil)

(defun gnus-dribble-file-name ()
  (concat gnus-startup-file "-dribble"))

(defun gnus-dribble-open ()
  (save-excursion 
    (set-buffer 
     (setq gnus-dribble-buffer (find-file-noselect (gnus-dribble-file-name))))
    (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
    (bury-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
    (auto-save-mode t)
    (goto-char (point-max))))

(defun gnus-dribble-enter (string)
  (if (and (not gnus-dribble-ignore)
           gnus-dribble-buffer
           (buffer-name gnus-dribble-buffer))
      (let ((obuf (current-buffer)))
        (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
        (insert string "\n")
        (set-window-point (get-buffer-window (current-buffer)) (point-max))
        (set-buffer obuf))))

(defun gnus-dribble-read-file ()
  (let ((dribble-file (gnus-dribble-file-name)))
    (save-excursion 
      (set-buffer (setq gnus-dribble-buffer 
                        (get-buffer-create 
                         (file-name-nondirectory dribble-file))))
      (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
      (erase-buffer)
      (set-visited-file-name dribble-file)
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (bury-buffer (current-buffer))
      (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
      (let ((auto (make-auto-save-file-name))
            (gnus-dribble-ignore t))
        (if (or (file-exists-p auto) (file-exists-p dribble-file))
            (progn
              (if (file-newer-than-file-p auto dribble-file)
                  (setq dribble-file auto))
              (insert-file-contents dribble-file)
              (if (not (zerop (buffer-size)))
                  (set-buffer-modified-p t))
              (if (gnus-y-or-n-p 
                   "Auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it? ")
                  (progn
                    (message "Reading %s..." dribble-file) 
                    (eval-current-buffer)
                    (message "Reading %s...done" dribble-file)))))))))

(defun gnus-dribble-delete-file ()
  (if (file-exists-p (gnus-dribble-file-name))
      (delete-file (gnus-dribble-file-name)))
  (if gnus-dribble-buffer
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
        (let ((auto (make-auto-save-file-name)))
          (if (file-exists-p auto)
              (delete-file auto))
          (erase-buffer)
          (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))))

(defun gnus-dribble-save ()
  (if (and gnus-dribble-buffer
           (buffer-name gnus-dribble-buffer))
      (save-excursion
        (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
        (save-buffer))))

(defun gnus-dribble-clear ()
  (save-excursion
    (if (and gnus-dribble-buffer
             (buffer-name (get-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)))
        (progn
          (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
          (erase-buffer)
          (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
          (setq buffer-saved-size (buffer-size))))))

;;;
;;; Server Communication
;;;

;; All the Gnus backends have the same interface, and should return
;; data in a similar format. Below is an overview of what functions
;; these packages must supply and what results they should return.
;;
;; Variables:
;;
;; `nntp-server-buffer' - All data should be returned to Gnus in this
;; buffer. 
;;
;; Functions for the imaginary backend `choke':
;;
;; `choke-retrieve-headers ARTICLES &optional GROUP SERVER'
;; Should return all headers for all ARTICLES, or return NOV lines for
;; the same.
;;
;; `choke-request-group GROUP &optional SERVER DISCARD'
;; Switch to GROUP. If DISCARD is nil, active information on the group
;; must be returned.
;;
;; `choke-close-group GROUP &optional SERVER'
;; Close group. Most backends won't have to do anything with this
;; call, but it is an opportunity to clean up, if that is needed. It
;; is called when Gnus exits a group.
;;
;; `choke-request-article ARTICLE &optional GROUP SERVER'
;; Return ARTICLE, which is either an article number or
;; message-id. Note that not all backends can return articles based on
;; message-id. 
;;
;; `choke-request-list SERVER'
;; Return a list of all newsgroups on SERVER.
;;
;; `choke-request-list-newsgroups SERVER'
;; Return a list of descriptions of all newsgroups on SERVER.
;;
;; `choke-request-newgroups DATE &optional SERVER'
;; Return a list of all groups that have arrived after DATE on
;; SERVER. Note that the date doesn't have to be respected - Gnus will
;; always check whether the groups are old or not. Backends that do
;; not store date information may just return the entire list of
;; groups, although this might not be a good idea in general.
;;
;; `choke-request-post-buffer METHOD HEADER ARTICLE-BUFFER GROUP INFO'
;; Should return a buffer that is suitable for "posting". nnspool and
;; nntp return a `*post-buffer*', and nnmail return a `*mail*'
;; buffer. This function should fill out the appropriate headers. 
;;
;; `choke-request-post &optional SERVER'
;; Function that will be called from a buffer to be posted. 
;;
;; `choke-open-server SERVER &optional ARGUMENT'
;; Open a connection to SERVER.
;;
;; `choke-close-server &optional SERVER'
;; Close the connection to SERVER.
;;
;; `choke-server-opened &optional SERVER'
;; Whether the conenction to SERVER is opened or not.
;;
;; `choke-server-status &optional SERVER'
;; Should return a status string (not in the nntp buffer, but as the
;; result of the function).
;;
;; The following functions are optional and apply only to backends
;; that are able to control the contents of their groups totally
;; (ie. mail backends.)  Backends that aren't able to do that
;; shouldn't define these functions at all. Gnus will check for their
;; presence before attempting to call them.
;;
;; `choke-request-expire-articles ARTICLES &optional NEWSGROUP SERVER'
;; Should expire (according to some aging scheme) all ARTICLES. Most
;; backends will not be able to expire articles. Should return a list
;; of all articles that were not expired.
;;
;; `choke-request-move-article ARTICLE GROUP SERVER ACCEPT-FORM &optional LAST'
;; Should move ARTICLE from GROUP on SERVER by using ACCEPT-FORM.
;; Removes any information it has added to the article (extra headers,
;; whatever - make it as clean as possible), and then passes the
;; article on by evaling ACCEPT-FORM, which is normally a call to the
;; function described below. If the ACCEPT-FORM returns a non-nil
;; value, the article should then be deleted. If LAST is nil, that
;; means that there will be further calls to this function. This might
;; be taken as an advice not to save buffers/internal variables just
;; yet, but wait until the last call to speed things up.
;;
;; `choke-request-accept-article GROUP &optional LAST' 
;; The contents of the current buffer will be put into GROUP.  There
;; should, of course, be an article in the current buffer.  This
;; function is normally only called by the function described above,
;; and LAST works the same way as in that function.
;;
;; `choke-request-replace-article ARTICLE GROUP BUFFER'
;; Replace ARTICLE in GROUP with the contents of BUFFER.
;; This provides an easy interface for allowing editing of
;; articles. Note that even headers may be edited, so the backend has
;; to update any tables (nov buffers, etc) that it maintains after
;; replacing the article.
;;
;; `choke-request-create-group GROUP &optional SERVER'
;; Create GROUP on SERVER.  This might be a new, empty group, or it
;; might be a group that already exists, but hasn't been registered
;; yet. 
;;
;; All these functions must return nil if they couldn't service the
;; request. If the optional arguments are not supplied, some "current"
;; or "default" values should be used. In short, one should emulate an
;; NNTP server, in a way.
;;
;; If you want to write a new backend, you just have to supply the
;; functions listed above. In addition, you must enter the new backend
;; into the list of valid select methods:
;; (setq gnus-valid-select-methods 
;;       (cons '("choke" mail) gnus-valid-select-methods))
;; The first element in this list is the name of the backend. Other
;; elemnets may be `mail' (for mail groups),  `post' (for news
;; groups), `none' (neither), `respool' (for groups that can control
;; their contents). 

(defun gnus-start-news-server (&optional confirm)
  "Open a method for getting news.
If CONFIRM is non-nil, the user will be asked for an NNTP server."
  (let (how where)
    (if gnus-current-select-method
        ;; Stream is already opened.
        nil
      ;; Open NNTP server.
      (if (null gnus-nntp-service) (setq gnus-nntp-server nil))
      (if confirm
          (progn
            ;; Read server name with completion.
            (setq gnus-nntp-server
                  (completing-read "NNTP server: "
                                   (mapcar (lambda (server) (list server))
                                           (cons (list gnus-nntp-server)
                                                 gnus-secondary-servers))
                                   nil nil gnus-nntp-server))))

      (if (and gnus-nntp-server 
               (stringp gnus-nntp-server)
               (not (string= gnus-nntp-server "")))
          (setq gnus-select-method
                (cond ((or (string= gnus-nntp-server "")
                           (string= gnus-nntp-server "::"))
                       (list 'nnspool (system-name)))
                      ((string-match ":" gnus-nntp-server)
                       (list 'nnmh gnus-nntp-server))
                      (t
                       (list 'nntp gnus-nntp-server)))))

      (setq how (car gnus-select-method))
      (setq where (car (cdr gnus-select-method)))
      (cond ((eq how 'nnspool)
             (require 'nnspool)
             (message "Looking up local news spool..."))
            ((eq how 'nnmh)
             (require 'nnmh)
             (message "Looking up mh spool..."))
            (t
             (require 'nntp)))
      (setq gnus-current-select-method gnus-select-method)
      (run-hooks 'gnus-open-server-hook)
      (or 
       ;; gnus-open-server-hook might have opened it
       (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method)  
       (gnus-open-server gnus-select-method)
       (gnus-y-or-n-p
        (format
         "%s server on %s can't be opened. Continue? "
         (car gnus-select-method) (nth 1 gnus-select-method)))
       (progn
         (message "Couldn't open server on %s" (nth 1 gnus-select-method))
         (ding)
         nil)))))

(defun gnus-check-news-server (method)
  "If the news server is down, start it up again."
  (let ((method (if method method gnus-select-method)))
    (if (gnus-server-opened method)
        ;; Stream is already opened.
        t
      ;; Open server.
      (message "Opening server %s on %s..." (car method) (nth 1 method))
      (run-hooks 'gnus-open-server-hook)
      (or (gnus-server-opened method)
          (gnus-open-server method))
      (message ""))))

(defun gnus-nntp-message (&optional message)
  "Check the status of the NNTP server.
If the status of the server is clear and MESSAGE is non-nil, MESSAGE
is returned insted of the status string."
  (let ((status (gnus-status-message (gnus-find-method-for-group 
                                      gnus-newsgroup-name)))
        (message (or message "")))
    (if (and (stringp status) (> (length status) 0))
        status message)))

(defun gnus-get-function (method function)
  (let ((func (intern (format "%s-%s" (car method) function))))
    (if (not (fboundp func)) 
        (progn
          (require (car method))
          (if (not (fboundp func)) 
              (error "No such function: %s" func))))
    func))

;; Specifying port number suggested by Stephane Laveau <laveau@corse.inria.fr>.
(defun gnus-open-server (method)
  (apply (gnus-get-function method 'open-server) (cdr method)))

(defun gnus-close-server (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'close-server) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-list (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-list) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-list-newsgroups (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-list-newsgroups) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-newgroups (date method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-newgroups) 
           date (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-server-opened (method)
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'server-opened) (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-status-message (method)
  (let ((method (if (stringp method) (gnus-find-method-for-group method)
                  method)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'status-message) (nth 1 method))))

(defun gnus-request-group (group &optional dont-check)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-group) 
             (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method) dont-check)))

(defun gnus-list-active-group (group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group))
        (func 'list-active-group))
    (and (gnus-check-backend-function func group)
         (funcall (gnus-get-function method func) 
                  (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method)))))

(defun gnus-request-group-description (group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group))
        (func 'request-group-description))
    (and (gnus-check-backend-function func group)
         (funcall (gnus-get-function method func) 
                  (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method)))))

(defun gnus-close-group (group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'close-group) 
             (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method))))

(defun gnus-retrieve-headers (articles group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'retrieve-headers) 
             articles (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method))))

(defun gnus-request-article (article group &optional buffer)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-article) 
             article (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method) buffer)))

(defun gnus-request-head (article group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-head) 
             article (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method))))

;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
(defun gnus-request-post-buffer (post group subject header artbuf
                                      info follow-to respect-poster)
   (let* ((info (or info (and group (nth 2 (gnus-gethash 
                                            group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))))
          (method
           (if (and gnus-post-method
                    ;; Fix by Sudish Joseph <joseph@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
                    (memq 'post (assoc
                                 (format "%s" (car (gnus-find-method-for-group
                                                    gnus-newsgroup-name)))
                                        gnus-valid-select-methods)))
               gnus-post-method
             (gnus-find-method-for-group gnus-newsgroup-name))))
     (let ((mail-self-blind nil)
           (mail-archive-file-name nil))
       (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-post-buffer) 
                post group subject header artbuf info follow-to
                respect-poster))))

(defun gnus-request-post (method &optional force)
  (and (not force) gnus-post-method
       (memq 'post (assoc (format "%s" (car method))
                          gnus-valid-select-methods))
       (setq method gnus-post-method))
  (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-post) 
           (nth 1 method)))

(defun gnus-request-expire-articles (articles group &optional force)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-expire-articles) 
             articles (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method)
             force)))

(defun gnus-request-move-article 
  (article group server accept-function &optional last)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-move-article) 
             article (gnus-group-real-name group) 
             (nth 1 method) accept-function last)))

(defun gnus-request-accept-article (group &optional last)
  (let ((func (if (symbolp group) group
                (car (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))))
    (funcall (intern (format "%s-request-accept-article" func))
             (if (stringp group) (gnus-group-real-name group) group)
             last)))

(defun gnus-request-replace-article (article group buffer)
  (let ((func (car (gnus-find-method-for-group group))))
    (funcall (intern (format "%s-request-replace-article" func))
             article (gnus-group-real-name group) buffer)))

(defun gnus-request-create-group (group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group)))
    (funcall (gnus-get-function method 'request-create-group) 
             (gnus-group-real-name group) (nth 1 method))))


(defun gnus-find-method-for-group (group)
  (or gnus-override-method
      (and (not group)
           gnus-select-method)
      (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
        (if (or (not info)
                (not (nth 4 info)))
            gnus-select-method
          (nth 4 info)))))

(defun gnus-check-backend-function (func group)
  (let ((method (if (stringp group) (car (gnus-find-method-for-group group))
                 group)))
    (fboundp (intern (format "%s-%s" method func)))))

(defun gnus-methods-using (method)
  (let ((valids gnus-valid-select-methods)
        outs)
    (while valids
      (if (memq method (car valids)) 
          (setq outs (cons (car valids) outs)))
      (setq valids (cdr valids)))
    outs))

;;; 
;;; Active & Newsrc File Handling
;;;

;; Newsrc related functions.
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-newsrc-assoc:
;; (("alt.general" 3 (1 . 1))
;;  ("alt.misc"    3 ((1 . 10) (12 . 15)))
;;  ("alt.test"    7 (1 . 99) (45 57 93)) ...)
;; The first item is the group name; the second is the subscription
;; level; the third is either a range of a list of ranges of read
;; articles, the optional fourth element is a list of marked articles,
;; the optional fifth element is the select method.
;;
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-newsrc-hashtb:
;; (95 ("alt.general" 3 (1 . 1)) ("alt.misc" 3 ((1 . 10) (12 . 15))) ...)
;; This is the entry for "alt.misc". The first element is the number
;; of unread articles in "alt.misc". The cdr of this entry is the
;; element *before* "alt.misc" in gnus-newsrc-assoc, which makes is
;; trivial to remove or add new elements into gnus-newsrc-assoc
;; without scanning the entire list. So, to get the actual information
;; of "alt.misc", you'd say something like 
;; (nth 2 (gnus-gethash "alt.misc" gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
;;
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-active-hashtb:
;; ((1 . 1))
;;  (5 . 10))
;;  (67 . 99)) ...)
;; The only element in each entry in this hash table is a range of
;; (possibly) available articles. (Articles in this range may have
;; been expired or cancelled.)
;;
;; Gnus internal format of gnus-killed-list and gnus-zombie-list:
;; ("alt.misc" "alt.test" "alt.general" ...)

(defun gnus-setup-news (&optional rawfile level)
  "Setup news information.
If RAWFILE is non-nil, the .newsrc file will also be read.
If LEVEL is non-nil, the news will be set up at level LEVEL."
  (let ((init (not (and gnus-newsrc-assoc gnus-active-hashtb (not rawfile)))))
    ;; Clear some variables to re-initialize news information.
    (if init (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc nil gnus-active-hashtb nil))
    ;; Read the active file and create `gnus-active-hashtb'.
    ;; If `gnus-read-active-file' is nil, then we just create an empty
    ;; hash table. The partial filling out of the hash table will be
    ;; done in `gnus-get-unread-articles'.
    (if (and gnus-read-active-file 
             (not level)
             (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method))
        (gnus-read-active-file)
      (setq gnus-active-hashtb (make-vector 4095 0)))

    ;; Read the newsrc file and create `gnus-newsrc-hashtb'.
    (if init (gnus-read-newsrc-file rawfile))
    ;; Find the number of unread articles in each non-dead group.
    (gnus-get-unread-articles (or level 6))
    ;; Find new newsgroups and treat them.
    (if (and init gnus-check-new-newsgroups gnus-read-active-file (not level)
             (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method))
        (gnus-find-new-newsgroups))
    (if (and init gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups 
             gnus-read-active-file (not level)
             (gnus-server-opened gnus-select-method))
        (gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups))))

(defun gnus-find-new-newsgroups ()
  "Search for new newsgroups and add them.
Each new newsgroup will be treated with `gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method.'
The `-n' option line from .newsrc is respected."
  (interactive)
  (or (gnus-check-first-time-used)
      (if (or (consp gnus-check-new-newsgroups)
              (eq gnus-check-new-newsgroups 'ask-server))
          (gnus-ask-server-for-new-groups)
        (let ((groups 0)
              group new-newsgroups)
          (or gnus-have-read-active-file (gnus-read-active-file))
          (setq gnus-newsrc-last-checked-date (current-time-string))
          (if (not gnus-killed-hashtb) (gnus-make-hashtable-from-killed))
          ;; Go though every newsgroup in `gnus-active-hashtb' and compare
          ;; with `gnus-newsrc-hashtb' and `gnus-killed-hashtb'.
          (mapatoms
           (lambda (sym)
             (setq group (symbol-name sym))
             (if (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                     (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
                 ()
               (let ((do-sub (gnus-matches-options-n group)))
                 (cond ((eq do-sub 'subscribe)
                        (setq groups (1+ groups))
                        (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                        (funcall 
                         gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method group))
                       ((eq do-sub 'ignore)
                        nil)
                       (t
                        (setq groups (1+ groups))
                        (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                        (if gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive
                            (setq new-newsgroups (cons group new-newsgroups))
                          (funcall gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method group)))))))
           gnus-active-hashtb)
          (if new-newsgroups 
              (gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive new-newsgroups))
          ;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
          (if (> groups 0)
              (message "%d new newsgroup%s arrived." 
                       groups (if (> groups 1) "s have" " has")))))))

(defun gnus-matches-options-n (group)
  ;; Returns `subscribe' if the group is to be uncoditionally
  ;; subscribed, `ignore' if it is to be ignored, and nil if there is
  ;; no match for the group.

  ;; First we check the two user variables.
  (cond
   ((and gnus-options-not-subscribe
         (string-match gnus-options-not-subscribe group))
    'subscribe)
   ((and gnus-options-subscribe
         (string-match gnus-options-subscribe group))
    'ignore)
   ;; Then we go through the list that was retrieved from the .newsrc
   ;; file.  This list has elements on the form 
   ;; `(REGEXP . {ignore,subscribe})'. The first match found (the list
   ;; is in the reverse order of the options line) is returned.
   (t
    (let ((regs gnus-newsrc-options-n))
      (while (and regs
                  (not (string-match (car (car gnus-newsrc-options-n)) group)))
        (setq regs (cdr regs)))
      (and regs (cdr (car regs)))))))

(defun gnus-ask-server-for-new-groups ()
  (let* ((date (or gnus-newsrc-last-checked-date (current-time-string)))
         (methods (cons gnus-select-method 
                        (append
                         (and (consp gnus-check-new-newsgroups)
                              gnus-check-new-newsgroups)
                         gnus-secondary-select-methods)))
         (groups 0)
         (new-date (current-time-string))
         hashtb group new-newsgroups got-new)
    ;; Go thorugh both primary and secondary select methods and
    ;; request new newsgroups.  
    (while methods
      (if (gnus-request-newgroups date (car methods))
          (save-excursion
            (setq got-new t)
            (or hashtb (setq hashtb (gnus-make-hashtable 
                                     (count-lines (point-min) (point-max)))))
            (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
            ;; Enter all the new groups in a hashtable.
            (gnus-active-to-gnus-format (car methods) hashtb)))
      (setq methods (cdr methods)))
    (and got-new (setq gnus-newsrc-last-checked-date new-date))
    ;; Now all new groups from all select methods are in `hashtb'.
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (group-sym)
       (setq group (symbol-name group-sym))
       (if (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
               (member group gnus-zombie-list)
               (member group gnus-killed-list))
           ;; The group is already known.
           ()
         (gnus-sethash group (symbol-value group-sym) gnus-active-hashtb)
         (let ((do-sub (gnus-matches-options-n group)))
           (cond ((eq do-sub 'subscribe)
                  (setq groups (1+ groups))
                  (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                  (funcall 
                   gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method group))
                 ((eq do-sub 'ignore)
                  nil)
                 (t
                  (setq groups (1+ groups))
                  (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                  (if gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive
                      (setq new-newsgroups (cons group new-newsgroups))
                    (funcall gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method group)))))))
     hashtb)
    (if new-newsgroups 
        (gnus-subscribe-hierarchical-interactive new-newsgroups))
    ;; Suggested by Per Abrahamsen <amanda@iesd.auc.dk>.
    (if (> groups 0)
        (message "%d new newsgroup%s arrived." 
                 groups (if (> groups 1) "s have" " has")))
    got-new))

(defun gnus-check-first-time-used ()
  (if (or (> (length gnus-newsrc-assoc) 1)
          (file-exists-p gnus-startup-file)
          (file-exists-p (concat gnus-startup-file ".el"))
          (file-exists-p (concat gnus-startup-file ".eld")))
      nil
    (message "First time user; subscribing you to default groups")
    (or gnus-have-read-active-file (gnus-read-active-file))
    (setq gnus-newsrc-last-checked-date (current-time-string))
    (let ((groups gnus-default-subscribed-newsgroups)
          group)
      (if (eq groups t)
          nil
        (setq groups (or groups gnus-backup-default-subscribed-newsgroups))
        (mapatoms
         (lambda (sym)
           (setq group (symbol-name sym))
           (let ((do-sub (gnus-matches-options-n group)))
             (cond ((eq do-sub 'subscribe)
                    (gnus-sethash group group gnus-killed-hashtb)
                    (funcall 
                     gnus-subscribe-options-newsgroup-method group))
                   ((eq do-sub 'ignore)
                    nil)
                   (t
                    (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list))))))
         gnus-active-hashtb)
        (while groups
          (if (gnus-gethash (car groups) gnus-active-hashtb)
              (gnus-group-change-level (car groups) 3 9))
          (setq groups (cdr groups)))
        (gnus-group-make-help-group)
        (and gnus-novice-user
             (message (substitute-command-keys "\\<gnus-group-mode-map>\\[gnus-group-list-killed] to list killed groups")))))))

;; `gnus-group-change-level' is the fundamental function for changing
;; subscription levels of newsgroups. This might mean just changing
;; from level 1 to 2, which is pretty trivial, from 2 to 6 or back
;; again, which subscribes/unsubscribes a group, which is equally
;; trivial. Changing from 1-7 to 8-9 means that you kill a group, and
;; from 8-9 to 1-7 means that you remove the group from the list of
;; killed (or zombie) groups and add them to the (kinda) subscribed
;; groups. And last but not least, moving from 8 to 9 and 9 to 8,
;; which is trivial.
;; ENTRY can either be a string (newsgroup name) or a list (if
;; FROMKILLED is t, it's a list on the format (NUM INFO-LIST),
;; otherwise it's a list in the format of the `gnus-newsrc-hashtb'
;; entries. 
;; LEVEL is the new level of the group, OLDLEVEL is the old level and
;; PREVIOUS is the group (in hashtb entry format) to insert this group
;; after. 
(defun gnus-group-change-level (entry level &optional oldlevel
                                      previous fromkilled)
  (let ((pinfo entry)
        group info active num)
    ;; Glean what info we can from the arguments
    (if (consp entry)
        (if fromkilled (setq group (nth 1 entry))
          (setq group (car (nth 2 entry))))
      (setq group entry))
    (if (and (stringp entry)
             oldlevel 
             (< oldlevel 8))
        (setq entry (gnus-gethash entry gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))
    (if (and (not oldlevel)
             (listp entry))
        (setq oldlevel (car (cdr (nth 2 entry)))))
    (if (stringp previous)
        (setq previous (gnus-gethash previous gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))

    (gnus-dribble-enter
     (format "(gnus-group-change-level %S %S %S %S %S)" 
             group level oldlevel (car (nth 2 previous)) fromkilled))
    
    ;; Then we remove the newgroup from any old structures, if needed.
    ;; If the group was killed, we remove it from the killed or zombie
    ;; list. If not, and it is in fact going to be killed, we remove
    ;; it from the newsrc hash table and assoc.
    (cond ((>= oldlevel 8)
           (if (= oldlevel 8)
               (setq gnus-zombie-list (delete group gnus-zombie-list))
             (setq gnus-killed-list (delete group gnus-killed-list))))
          (t
           (if (>= level 8)
               (progn
                 (gnus-sethash (car (nth 2 entry))
                               nil gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                 (if (nth 3 entry)
                     (setcdr (gnus-gethash (car (nth 3 entry))
                                           gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                             (cdr entry)))
                 (setcdr (cdr entry) (cdr (cdr (cdr entry))))))))

    ;; Finally we enter (if needed) the list where it is supposed to
    ;; go, and change the subscription level. If it is to be killed,
    ;; we enter it into the killed or zombie list.
    (cond ((>= level 8)
           (and (string= group (gnus-group-real-name group))
                (if (= level 8)
                    (setq gnus-zombie-list (cons group gnus-zombie-list))
                  (setq gnus-killed-list (cons group gnus-killed-list)))))
          (t
           ;; If the list is to be entered into the newsrc assoc, and
           ;; it was killed, we have to create an entry in the newsrc
           ;; hashtb format and fix the pointers in the newsrc assoc.
           (if (>= oldlevel 8)
               (progn
                 (if (listp entry)
                     (progn
                       (setq info (cdr entry))
                       (setq num (car entry)))
                   (setq active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
                   (setq num (if active (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active)) t))
                   ;; Check whether the group is foreign. If so, the
                   ;; foreign select method has to be entered into the
                   ;; info. 
                   (let ((method (gnus-group-method-name group)))
                     (if (eq method gnus-select-method)
                         (setq info (list group level nil))
                       (setq info (list group level nil nil method)))))
                 (setq entry (cons info (if previous (cdr (cdr previous))
                                          (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))))
                 (setcdr (if previous (cdr previous) gnus-newsrc-assoc)
                         entry)
                 (gnus-sethash group (cons num (if previous (cdr previous)
                                                 gnus-newsrc-assoc))
                               gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                 (if (cdr entry)
                     (setcdr (gnus-gethash (car (car (cdr entry)))
                                           gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                             entry)))
             ;; It was alive, and it is going to stay alive, so we
             ;; just change the level and don't change any pointers or
             ;; hash table entries.
             (setcar (cdr (car (cdr (cdr entry)))) level))))))

(defun gnus-kill-newsgroup (newsgroup)
  "Obsolete function. Kills a newsgroup."
  (gnus-group-change-level (gnus-gethash newsgroup gnus-newsrc-hashtb) 9))

(defun gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups (&optional confirm)
  "Remove bogus newsgroups.
If CONFIRM is non-nil, the user has to confirm the deletion of every
newsgroup." 
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        bogus group)
    (message "Checking bogus newsgroups...")
    (or gnus-have-read-active-file (gnus-read-active-file))
    ;; Find all bogus newsgroup that are subscribed.
    (while newsrc
      (setq group (car (car newsrc)))
      (if (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb)
              (nth 4 (car newsrc))
              (and confirm
                   (not (gnus-y-or-n-p
                         (format "Remove bogus newsgroup: %s " group)))))
          ;; Active newsgroup.
          ()
        ;; Found a bogus newsgroup.
        (setq bogus (cons group bogus)))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
    ;; Remove all bogus subscribed groups by first killing them, and
    ;; then removing them from the list of killed groups.
    (while bogus
      (gnus-group-change-level 
       (gnus-gethash (car bogus) gnus-newsrc-hashtb) 9)
      (setq gnus-killed-list (delete (car bogus) gnus-killed-list))
      (setq bogus (cdr bogus)))
    ;; Then we remove all bogus groups from the list of killed and
    ;; zombie groups. They are are removed without confirmation.
    (let ((dead-lists '(gnus-killed-list gnus-zombie-list))
          killed)
      (while dead-lists
        (setq killed (symbol-value (car dead-lists)))
        (while killed
          (setq group (car killed))
          (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb)
              ;; The group is bogus.
              (set (car dead-lists)
                   (delete group (symbol-value (car dead-lists)))))
          (setq killed (cdr killed)))
        (setq dead-lists (cdr dead-lists))))
    (message "Checking bogus newsgroups... done")))

(defun gnus-check-duplicate-killed-groups ()
  "Remove duplicates from the list of killed groups."
  (interactive)
  (let ((killed gnus-killed-list))
    (while killed
      (message "%d" (length killed))
      (setcdr killed (delete (car killed) (cdr killed)))
      (setq killed (cdr killed)))))

;; Go though `gnus-newsrc-assoc' and compare with `gnus-active-hashtb'
;; and compute how many unread articles there are in each group.
(defun gnus-get-unread-articles (&optional level)
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        (level (or level 6))
        info group active virtuals)
    (message "Checking new news...")
    (while newsrc
      (setq info (car newsrc))
      (setq group (car info))
      (setq active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))

      ;; Check newsgroups. If the user doesn't want to check them, or
      ;; they can't be checked (for instance, if the news server can't
      ;; be reached) we just set the number of unread articles in this
      ;; newsgroup to t. This means that Gnus thinks that there are
      ;; unread articles, but it has no idea how many.
      (if (nth 4 info)
          (if (or (and gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups 
                       (not (numberp gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups)))
                  (and (numberp gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups)
                       (<= (nth 1 info) gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups)
                       (<= (nth 1 info) level)))
              (if (eq (car (nth 4 info)) 'nnvirtual)
                  (setq virtuals (cons info virtuals))
                (setq active (gnus-activate-newsgroup (car info)))))
        (if (and (not gnus-read-active-file)
                 (<= (nth 1 info) level))
            (progn
              (setq active (gnus-activate-newsgroup (car info))))))
      
      (or active (progn (gnus-sethash group nil gnus-active-hashtb)
                        (setcar (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb) t)))
      (and active (gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group info active))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))

    ;; Activate the virtual groups. This has to be done after all the
    ;; other groups. 
    ;; !!! If one virtual group contains another virtual group, even
    ;; doing it this way might cause problems.
   (while virtuals
      (and (setq active (gnus-activate-newsgroup (car (car virtuals))))
           (gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group (car virtuals) active))
      (setq virtuals (cdr virtuals)))

    (message "Checking new news... done")))

;; Create a hash table out of the newsrc alist. The `car's of the
;; alist elements are used as keys.
(defun gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist ()
  (let ((alist gnus-newsrc-assoc)
         prev)
    (setq gnus-newsrc-hashtb (gnus-make-hashtable (length alist)))
    (setq alist 
          (setq prev (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc 
                           (cons (list "dummy.group" 0 nil) alist))))
    (while alist
      (gnus-sethash (car (car alist)) (cons nil prev) gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
      (setq prev alist)
      (setq alist (cdr alist)))))

(defun gnus-make-hashtable-from-killed ()
  "Create a hash table from the killed and zombie lists."
  (let ((lists '(gnus-killed-list gnus-zombie-list))
        list)
    (setq gnus-killed-hashtb 
          (gnus-make-hashtable 
           (+ (length gnus-killed-list) (length gnus-zombie-list))))
    (while lists
      (setq list (symbol-value (car lists)))
      (setq lists (cdr lists))
      (while list
        (gnus-sethash (car list) (car list) gnus-killed-hashtb)
        (setq list (cdr list))))))

(defun gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group (info active)
  (let* ((range (nth 2 info))
         (num 0)
         (marked (nth 3 info))
         srange lowest group highest)
    ;; Modify the list of read articles according to what articles 
    ;; are available; then tally the unread articles and add the
    ;; number to the group hash table entry.
    (cond ((zerop (cdr active))
           (setq num 0))
          ((not range)
           (setq num (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active))))
          ((not (listp (cdr range)))
           ;; Fix a single (num . num) range according to the
           ;; active hash table.
           ;; Fix by Carsten Bormann <cabo@Informatik.Uni-Bremen.DE>.
           (and (< (cdr range) (car active)) (setcdr range (1- (car active))))
           (and (> (cdr range) (cdr active)) (setcdr range (cdr active)))
           ;; Compute number of unread articles.
           (setq num (max 0 (- (cdr active) 
                               (- (1+ (cdr range)) (car range))))))
          (t
           ;; The read list is a list of ranges. Fix them according to
           ;; the active hash table.
           ;; First peel off any elements that are below the lower
           ;; active limit. 
           (while (and (cdr range) 
                       (>= (car active) 
                           (or (and (atom (car (cdr range))) (car (cdr range)))
                               (car (car (cdr range))))))
             (if (numberp (car range))
                 (setcar range 
                         (cons (car range) 
                               (or (and (numberp (car (cdr range)))
                                        (car (cdr range))) 
                                   (cdr (car (cdr range))))))
               (setcdr (car range) 
                       (or (and (numberp (nth 1 range)) (nth 1 range))
                           (cdr (car (cdr range))))))
             (setcdr range (cdr (cdr range))))
           ;; Adjust the first element to be the same as the lower limit. 
           (if (and (not (atom (car range))) 
                    (< (cdr (car range)) (car active)))
               (setcdr (car range) (1- (car active))))
           ;; Then we want to peel off any elements that are higher
           ;; than the upper active limit.  
           (let ((srange range))
             ;; Go past all legal elements.
             (while (and (cdr srange) 
                         (<= (or (and (atom (car (cdr srange)))
                                      (car (cdr srange)))
                                 (car (car (cdr srange)))) (cdr active)))
               (setq srange (cdr srange)))
             (if (cdr srange)
                 ;; Nuke all remaining illegal elements.
                 (setcdr srange nil))

             ;; Adjust the final element.
             (if (and (not (atom (car srange)))
                      (> (cdr (car srange)) (cdr active)))
                 (setcdr (car srange) (cdr active))))
           ;; Compute the number of unread articles.
           (while range
             (setq num (+ num (- (1+ (or (and (atom (car range)) (car range))
                                         (cdr (car range))))
                                 (or (and (atom (car range)) (car range))
                                     (car (car range))))))
             (setq range (cdr range)))
           (setq num (max 0 (- (cdr active) num)))))
    (and info
         (progn
           (and (assq 'tick marked)
                (inline (gnus-remove-illegal-marked-articles
                         (assq 'tick marked) (nth 2 info))))
           (and (assq 'dormant marked)
                (inline (gnus-remove-illegal-marked-articles
                         (assq 'dormant marked) (nth 2 info))))
           (setcar
            (gnus-gethash (car info) gnus-newsrc-hashtb) 
            (setq num (max 0 (- num (length (cdr (assq 'tick marked)))
                                (length (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))))))))
    num))

(defun gnus-remove-illegal-marked-articles (marked ranges)
  (let ((m (cdr marked)))
    ;; Make sure that all ticked articles are a subset of the unread
    ;; articles. 
    (while m
      (if (gnus-member-of-range (car m) ranges)
          (setcdr marked (cdr m))
        (setq marked m))
      (setq m (cdr m)))))

(defun gnus-activate-newsgroup (group)
  (let ((method (gnus-find-method-for-group group))
        active)
    (and (or (gnus-server-opened method) (gnus-open-server method))
         (gnus-request-group group)
         (save-excursion
           (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
           (goto-char 1)
           (and (looking-at "[0-9]+ [0-9]+ \\([0-9]+\\) [0-9]+")
                (progn
                  (goto-char (match-beginning 1))
                  (gnus-sethash 
                   group (setq active (cons (read (current-buffer))
                                            (read (current-buffer))))
                   gnus-active-hashtb))
                active)))))

(defun gnus-update-read-articles 
  (group unread unselected ticked &optional domarks replied expirable killed
         dormant bookmark score)
  "Update the list of read and ticked articles in GROUP using the
UNREAD and TICKED lists.
Note: UNSELECTED has to be sorted over `<'.
Returns whether the updating was successful."
  (let* ((active (gnus-gethash group gnus-active-hashtb))
         (entry (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb))
         (number (car entry))
         (info (nth 2 entry))
         (marked (nth 3 info))
         (prev 1)
         (unread (sort (copy-sequence unread) (function <)))
         last read)
    (if (or (not info) (not active))
        ;; There is no info on this group if it was, in fact,
        ;; killed. Gnus stores no information on killed groups, so
        ;; there's nothing to be done. 
        ;; One could store the information somewhere temporarily,
        ;; perhaps... Hmmm... 
        ()
      ;; Remove any negative articles numbers.
      (while (and unread (< (car unread) 0))
        (setq unread (cdr unread)))
      (setq unread (sort (append unselected unread) '<))
      ;; Set the number of unread articles in gnus-newsrc-hashtb.
      (setcar entry (max 0 (- (length unread) (length ticked) 
                              (length dormant))))
      ;; Compute the ranges of read articles by looking at the list of
      ;; unread articles.  
      (while unread
        (if (/= (car unread) prev)
            (setq read (cons (if (= prev (1- (car unread))) prev
                               (cons prev (1- (car unread)))) read)))
        (setq prev (1+ (car unread)))
        (setq unread (cdr unread)))
      (if (<= prev (cdr active))
          (setq read (cons (cons prev (cdr active)) read)))
      ;; Enter this list into the group info.
      (setcar (cdr (cdr info)) 
              (if (> (length read) 1) (nreverse read) read))
      ;; Enter the list of ticked articles.
      (gnus-set-marked-articles 
       info ticked
       (if domarks replied (cdr (assq 'reply marked)))
       (if domarks expirable (cdr (assq 'expire marked)))
       (if domarks killed (cdr (assq 'killed marked)))
       (if domarks dormant (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))
       (if domarks bookmark (cdr (assq 'bookmark marked)))
       (if domarks score (cdr (assq 'score marked))))
      t)))

(defun gnus-make-articles-unread (group articles)
  "Mark ARTICLES in GROUP as unread."
  (let ((info (nth 2 (or (gnus-gethash group gnus-newsrc-hashtb)
                         (gnus-gethash (gnus-group-real-name group)
                                       gnus-newsrc-hashtb)))))
    (setcar (nthcdr 2 info)
            (gnus-remove-from-range (nth 2 info) articles))
    (gnus-group-update-group group t)))

(defun gnus-read-active-file ()
  "Get active file from NNTP server."
  (gnus-group-set-mode-line)
  (let ((methods (cons gnus-select-method gnus-secondary-select-methods)))
    (setq gnus-have-read-active-file nil)
    (while methods
      (let* ((where (nth 1 (car methods)))
             (mesg (format "Reading active file%s via %s..."
                           (if (and where (not (zerop (length where))))
                               (concat " from " where) "")
                           (car (car methods)))))
        (message mesg)
        (gnus-check-news-server (car methods))
        (if (gnus-request-list (car methods)) ; Get active 
            (save-excursion
              (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
              (gnus-active-to-gnus-format 
               (and gnus-have-read-active-file (car methods)))
              (setq gnus-have-read-active-file t)
              (message "%s...done" mesg))
          (message "Cannot read active file from %s server." 
                   (car (car methods)))
          (ding)))
      (setq methods (cdr methods)))))

;; rewritten by jwz based on ideas from Rick Sladkey <jrs@world.std.com>
;; Further rewrites by lmi.
(defun gnus-active-to-gnus-format (method &optional hashtb)
  "Convert active file format to internal format.
Lines matching `gnus-ignored-newsgroups' are ignored."
  (let ((cur (current-buffer))
        (hashtb (or hashtb 
                    (if method
                        gnus-active-hashtb
                      (setq gnus-active-hashtb
                            (gnus-make-hashtable 
                             (count-lines (point-min) (point-max))))))))
    ;; Delete unnecessary lines.
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (delete-matching-lines gnus-ignored-newsgroups)
    (and method (not (eq method gnus-select-method))
         (let ((prefix (gnus-group-prefixed-name "" method)))
           (goto-char (point-min))
           (while (and (not (eobp))
                       (null (insert prefix))
                       (zerop (forward-line 1))))))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    ;; Store active file in hashtable.
    (save-restriction
      (if (or (re-search-forward "\n.\r?$" nil t)
              (goto-char (point-max)))
          (progn
            (beginning-of-line)
            (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (if (string-match "%[oO]" gnus-group-line-format)
          ;; Suggested by Brian Edmonds <edmonds@cs.ubc.ca>.
          ;; If we want information on moderated groups, we use this
          ;; loop...   
          (condition-case ()
              (let ((mod-hashtb (make-vector 7 0))
                    group max mod)
                (while (not (eobp))
                  (setq group (let ((obarray hashtb))
                                (read cur)))
                  (setq max (read cur))
                  (set group (cons (read cur) max))
                  ;; Enter moderated groups into a list.
                  (if (string= 
                       (symbol-name  (let ((obarray mod-hashtb)) (read cur)))
                       "m")
                      (setq gnus-moderated-list 
                            (cons (symbol-name group) gnus-moderated-list)))
                  (forward-line 1)))
            (error 
             (progn (ding) (message "Possible error in active file."))))
        ;; And if we do not care about moderation, we use this loop,
        ;; which is faster.
        (condition-case ()
            (let (group max)
              (while (not (eobp))
                ;; group gets set to a symbol interned in the hash table
                ;; (what a hack!!)
                (setq group (let ((obarray hashtb)) (read cur)))
                (setq max (read cur))
                (set group (cons (read cur) max))
                (forward-line 1)))
          (error 
           (progn (ding) (message "Possible error in active file."))))))))

(defun gnus-read-newsrc-file (&optional force)
  "Read startup file.
If FORCE is non-nil, the .newsrc file is read."
  (setq gnus-current-startup-file (gnus-make-newsrc-file gnus-startup-file))
  ;; Reset variables that might be defined in the .newsrc.eld file.
  (let ((variables gnus-variable-list))
    (while variables
      (set (car variables) nil)
      (setq variables (cdr variables))))
  (let* ((newsrc-file gnus-current-startup-file)
         (quick-file (concat newsrc-file ".el")))
    (save-excursion
      ;; We always load the .newsrc.eld file. If always contains
      ;; much information that can not be gotten from the .newsrc
      ;; file (ticked articles, killed groups, foreign methods, etc.)
      (gnus-read-newsrc-el-file quick-file)
 
      (if (or force
              (and (file-newer-than-file-p newsrc-file quick-file)
                   (file-newer-than-file-p newsrc-file 
                                           (concat quick-file "d")))
              (not gnus-newsrc-assoc))
          ;; We read the .newsrc file. Note that if there if a
          ;; .newsrc.eld file exists, it has already been read, and
          ;; the `gnus-newsrc-hashtb' has been created. While reading
          ;; the .newsrc file, Gnus will only use the information it
          ;; can find there for changing the data already read -
          ;; ie. reading the .newsrc file will not trash the data
          ;; already read (except for read articles).
          (save-excursion
            (message "Reading %s..." newsrc-file)
            (set-buffer (find-file-noselect newsrc-file))
            (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
            (gnus-newsrc-to-gnus-format)
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
            (message "Reading %s... done" newsrc-file)))
      (and gnus-use-dribble-file (gnus-dribble-read-file)))))

(defun gnus-read-newsrc-el-file (file)
  (let ((ding-file (concat file "d")))
    ;; We always, always read the .eld file.
    (message "Reading %s..." ding-file)
    (condition-case nil
        (load ding-file t t t)
      (error nil))
    (gnus-uncompress-newsrc-assoc)
    (gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist)
    (if (not (file-newer-than-file-p file ding-file))
        ()
      ;; Old format quick file
      (message "Reading %s..." file)
      ;; The .el file is newer than the .eld file, so we read that one
      ;; as well. 
      (gnus-read-old-newsrc-el-file file))))

;; Parse the old-style quick startup file
(defun gnus-read-old-newsrc-el-file (file)
  (let (newsrc killed marked group g m len info)
    (prog1
        (let (gnus-killed-assoc gnus-marked-assoc gnus-newsrc-assoc)
          (prog1
              (condition-case nil
                  (load file t t t)
                (error nil))
            (setq newsrc gnus-newsrc-assoc
                  killed gnus-killed-assoc
                  marked gnus-marked-assoc)))
      (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc nil)
      (while newsrc
        (setq group (car newsrc))
        (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash (car group) gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
          (if info
              (progn
                (setcar (nthcdr 2 info) (cdr (cdr group)))
                (setcar (cdr info) (if (nth 1 group) 3 6))
                (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc (cons info gnus-newsrc-assoc)))
            (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc
                  (cons 
                   (setq info
                         (list (car group)
                               (if (nth 1 group) 3 6) (cdr (cdr group))))
                   gnus-newsrc-assoc)))
          (if (setq m (assoc (car group) marked))
            (setcdr (cdr (cdr info)) (cons (list (cons 'tick (cdr m))) nil))))
        (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
      (setq newsrc killed)
      (while newsrc
        (setcar newsrc (car (car newsrc)))
        (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
      (setq gnus-killed-list killed))
    (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc (nreverse gnus-newsrc-assoc))
    (gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist)))
      
(defun gnus-make-newsrc-file (file)
  "Make server dependent file name by catenating FILE and server host name."
  (let* ((file (expand-file-name file nil))
         (real-file (concat file "-" (nth 1 gnus-select-method))))
    (if (file-exists-p real-file)
        real-file file)))

(defun gnus-uncompress-newsrc-assoc ()
  ;; Uncompress all lists of marked articles in the newsrc assoc.
  (let ((newsrc gnus-newsrc-assoc)
        marked)
    (while newsrc
      (if (not (setq marked (nth 3 (car newsrc))))
          ()
        (while marked
          (or (eq 'score (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'bookmark (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'killed (car (car marked)))
              (setcdr (car marked) (gnus-uncompress-range (cdr (car marked)))))
          (setq marked (cdr marked))))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))))

(defun gnus-compress-newsrc-assoc ()
  ;; Compress all lists of marked articles in the newsrc assoc.
  (let ((newsrc gnus-newsrc-assoc)
        marked)
    (while newsrc
      (if (not (setq marked (nth 3 (car newsrc))))
          ()
        (while marked
          (or (eq 'score (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'bookmark (car (car marked)))
              (eq 'killed (car (car marked)))
              (setcdr (car marked) 
                      (gnus-compress-sequence (sort (cdr (car marked)) '<) t)))
          (setq marked (cdr marked))))
      (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))))

;; jwz: rewrote this function to be much more efficient, and not be
;; subject to regexp overflow errors when it encounters very long
;; lines -- the old behavior was to blow off the rest of the *file*
;; when a line was encountered that was too long to match!!  Now it
;; uses only simple looking-at calls, and doesn't create as many
;; temporary strings.  It also now handles multiple consecutive
;; options lines (before it only handled the first.)
;; Tiny rewrite by lmi. 
(defun gnus-newsrc-to-gnus-format ()
  "Parse current buffer as .newsrc file."
  ;; We have to re-initialize these variables (except for
  ;; gnus-killed-list) because the quick startup file may contain bogus
  ;; values.
  (setq gnus-newsrc-options nil)
  (setq gnus-newsrc-options-n nil)
  (gnus-parse-options-lines)
  (gnus-parse-newsrc-body))

(defun gnus-parse-options-lines ()
  ;; newsrc.5 seems to indicate that the options line can come anywhere
  ;; in the file, and that there can be any number of them:
  ;;
  ;;       An  options  line  starts  with  the  word  options (left-
  ;;       justified).  Then there are the list of  options  just  as
  ;;       they would be on the readnews command line.  For instance:
  ;;
  ;;       options -n all !net.sf-lovers !mod.human-nets -r
  ;;       options -c -r
  ;;
  ;;       A string of lines beginning with a space or tab after  the
  ;;       initial  options  line  will  be  considered  continuation
  ;;       lines.
  ;;
  ;; For now, we only accept it at the beginning of the file.

  (goto-char (point-min))
  (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
  (setq gnus-newsrc-options nil)
  (while (looking-at "^options[ \t]*\\(.*\\)\n")
    ;; handle consecutive options lines
    (setq gnus-newsrc-options (concat gnus-newsrc-options
                                      (if gnus-newsrc-options "\n\t")
                                      (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
                                                        (match-end 1))))
    (forward-line 1)
    (while (looking-at "[ \t]+\\(.*\\)\n")
      ;; handle subsequent continuation lines of this options line
      (setq gnus-newsrc-options (concat gnus-newsrc-options "\n\t"
                                        (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
                                                          (match-end 1))))
      (forward-line 1)))
  ;; Gather all "-n" options lines.
  (let ((start 0)
        (result nil))
    (if gnus-newsrc-options
        (while (and (string-match "^[ \t]*-n\\([^\n]*\\)$"
                                  gnus-newsrc-options
                                  start)
                    (setq start (match-end 0)))
          (setq result (concat result
                               (and result " ")
                               (substring gnus-newsrc-options
                                          (match-beginning 1)
                                          (match-end 1))))))

    (and result (gnus-parse-n-options result))
    nil))

(defun gnus-parse-newsrc-body ()
  ;; Point has been positioned after the options lines.  We shouldn't
  ;; see any more in here.

  (let ((subscribe nil)
        (read-list nil)
        (line (1+ (count-lines (point-min) (point))))
        newsgroup
        p p2)
    (save-restriction
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (while (not (eobp))
        (cond
         ((= (following-char) ?\n)
          ;; skip blank lines
          nil)
         (t
          (setq p (point))
          (skip-chars-forward "^:!\n")
          (if (= (following-char) ?\n)
              (error "line %d is unparsable in %s" line (buffer-name)))
          (setq p2 (point))
          (skip-chars-backward " \t")

          ;; #### note: we could avoid consing a string here by binding obarray
          ;; and reading the newsgroup directly into the gnus-newsrc-hashtb,
          ;; then setq'ing newsgroup to symbol-name of that, like we do in
          ;; gnus-active-to-gnus-format.
          (setq newsgroup (buffer-substring p (point)))
          (goto-char p2)

          (setq subscribe (= (following-char) ?:))
          (setq read-list nil)

          (forward-char 1)              ; after : or !
          (skip-chars-forward " \t")
          (while (not (= (following-char) ?\n))
            (skip-chars-forward " \t")
            (or
             (and (cond
                   ((looking-at "\\([0-9]+\\)-\\([0-9]+\\)") ; a range
                    (setq read-list
                          (cons
                           (cons
                            (progn
                              ;; faster that buffer-substring/string-to-int
                              (narrow-to-region (point-min) (match-end 1))
                              (read (current-buffer)))
                            (progn
                              (narrow-to-region (point-min) (match-end 2))
                              (forward-char) ; skip over "-"
                              (prog1
                                  (read (current-buffer))
                                (widen))))
                           read-list))
                    t)
                   ((looking-at "[0-9]+")
                    ;; faster that buffer-substring/string-to-int
                    (narrow-to-region (point-min) (match-end 0))
                    (setq p (read (current-buffer)))
                    (widen)
                    (setq read-list (cons (cons p p) read-list))
                    t)
                   (t
                    ;; bogus chars in ranges
                    nil))
                  (progn
                    (goto-char (match-end 0))
                    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                    (cond ((= (following-char) ?,)
                           (forward-char 1)
                           t)
                          ((= (following-char) ?\n)
                           t)
                          (t
                           ;; bogus char after range
                           nil))))
             ;; if we get here, the parse failed
             (progn
               (end-of-line)            ; give up on this line
               (ding)
               (message "Ignoring bogus line %d for %s in %s"
                        line newsgroup (buffer-name))
               (sleep-for 1))))
          ;; We have already read .newsrc.eld, so we gently update the
          ;; data in the hash table with the information we have just
          ;; read. 
          (let ((info (nth 2 (gnus-gethash newsgroup gnus-newsrc-hashtb))))
            (if info
                (progn
                  (setcar (nthcdr 2 info) (nreverse read-list))
                  (setcar (cdr info) (if subscribe 3 (if read-list 6 7))))
              (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc
                    (cons (list newsgroup (if subscribe 3 (if read-list 6 7))
                                (nreverse read-list))
                          gnus-newsrc-assoc))))))
        (setq line (1+ line))
        (forward-line 1))))
  (setq gnus-newsrc-assoc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
  (gnus-make-hashtable-from-newsrc-alist)
  nil)

(defun gnus-parse-n-options (options)
  "Parse -n NEWSGROUPS options and return a cons of YES and NO regexps."
  (let (yes no yes-or-no out newsgroup)
    ;; Parse each newsgroup description such as "comp.all".  Commas
    ;; and white spaces can be a newsgroup separator.
    (while
        (string-match "^[ \t\n,]*\\(!?\\)\\([^- \t\n,][^ \t\n,]*\\)" options)
      (setq yes-or-no
            (substring options (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))
      (setq newsgroup
            (regexp-quote
             (substring options
                        (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))))
      (setq options (substring options (match-end 2)))
      ;; Rewrite "all" to ".+" not ".*".  ".+" requires at least one
      ;; character.
      (while (string-match "\\(^\\|\\\\[.]\\)all\\(\\\\[.]\\|$\\)" newsgroup)
        (setq newsgroup
              (concat (substring newsgroup 0 (match-end 1))
                      ".+"
                      (substring newsgroup (match-beginning 2)))))
      ;; It is yes or no.
      (setq out (cons (cons (if (string= yes-or-no "!") 'ignore 'subscribe)
                            (concat "^" newsgroup "$")) 
                      out)))
    (setq gnus-newsrc-options-n out)))

(defun gnus-save-newsrc-file ()
  "Save .newsrc file."
  ;; Note: We cannot save .newsrc file if all newsgroups are removed
  ;; from the variable gnus-newsrc-assoc.
  (and (or gnus-newsrc-assoc gnus-killed-list)
       gnus-current-startup-file
       (save-excursion
         (if (or (not gnus-dribble-buffer)
                 (not (buffer-name gnus-dribble-buffer))
                 (zerop (save-excursion
                          (set-buffer gnus-dribble-buffer)
                          (buffer-size))))
             (message "(No changes need to be saved)")
           (if gnus-save-newsrc-file
               (let ((make-backup-files t)
                     (version-control nil)
                     (require-final-newline t)) ;Don't ask even if requested.
                 (message "Saving %s..." gnus-current-startup-file)
                 ;; Make backup file of master newsrc.
                 ;; You can stop or change version control of backup file.
                 ;; Suggested by jason@violet.berkeley.edu.
                 (run-hooks 'gnus-save-newsrc-hook)
                 (gnus-gnus-to-newsrc-format)
                 (message "Saving %s... done" gnus-current-startup-file)))
           ;; Quickly loadable .newsrc.
           (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *Gnus-newsrc*"))
           (gnus-add-current-to-buffer-list)
           (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
           (erase-buffer)
           (message "Saving %s.eld..." gnus-current-startup-file)
           (gnus-gnus-to-quick-newsrc-format)
           (let ((make-backup-files nil)
                 (version-control nil)
                 (require-final-newline t)) ;Don't ask even if requested.
             (write-region 1 (point-max) 
                           (concat gnus-current-startup-file ".eld") 
                           nil 'nomesg))
           (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
           (message "Saving %s.eld... done" gnus-current-startup-file)
           (gnus-dribble-delete-file)))))

(defun gnus-gnus-to-quick-newsrc-format ()
  "Insert Gnus variables such as gnus-newsrc-assoc in lisp format."
  (insert ";; (ding) Gnus startup file.\n")
  (insert ";; Never delete this file - touch .newsrc instead to force Gnus\n")
  (insert ";; to read .newsrc.\n")
  (let ((variables gnus-variable-list)
        (gnus-newsrc-assoc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        variable)
    ;; insert lisp expressions.
    (gnus-compress-newsrc-assoc)
    (while variables
      (setq variable (car variables))
      (and (boundp variable)
           (symbol-value variable)
           (or gnus-save-killed-list (not (eq variable 'gnus-killed-list)))
           (insert "(setq " (symbol-name variable) " '"
                   (prin1-to-string (symbol-value variable))
                   ")\n"))
      (setq variables (cdr variables)))
    (gnus-uncompress-newsrc-assoc)))


(defun gnus-gnus-to-newsrc-format ()
  ;; Generate and save the .newsrc file.
  (let ((newsrc (cdr gnus-newsrc-assoc))
        info ranges range)
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer (create-file-buffer gnus-startup-file))
      (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
      (erase-buffer)
      ;; Write options.
      (if gnus-newsrc-options (insert "options " gnus-newsrc-options "\n"))
      ;; Write subscribed and unsubscribed.
      (while newsrc
        (setq info (car newsrc))
        (if (not (nth 4 info))          ;Don't write foreign groups to .newsrc.
            (progn
              (insert (car info) (if (>= (nth 1 info) 6) "!" ":"))
              (if (setq ranges (nth 2 info))
                  (progn
                    (insert " ")
                    (if (not (listp (cdr ranges)))
                        (if (= (car ranges) (cdr ranges))
                            (insert (int-to-string (car ranges)))
                          (insert (int-to-string (car ranges)) "-" 
                                  (int-to-string (cdr ranges))))
                      (while ranges
                        (setq range (car ranges)
                              ranges (cdr ranges))
                        (if (or (atom range) (= (car range) (cdr range)))
                            (insert (int-to-string 
                                     (or (and (atom range) range) 
                                         (car range))))
                          (insert (int-to-string (car range)) "-"
                                  (int-to-string (cdr range))))
                        (if ranges (insert ","))))))
              (insert "\n")))
        (setq newsrc (cdr newsrc)))
      (write-region 1 (point-max) gnus-current-startup-file nil 'nomesg)
      (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))))

(defun gnus-read-descriptions-file ()
  (message "Reading descriptions file...")
  (if (not (gnus-request-list-newsgroups gnus-select-method))
      (progn
        (message "Couldn't read newsgroups descriptions")
        nil)
    (let (group)
      (setq gnus-description-hashtb 
            (gnus-make-hashtable (length gnus-active-hashtb)))
      (save-excursion
        (save-restriction
          (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (delete-non-matching-lines "^[-\\._+A-Za-z0-9]+[ \t]")
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (if (or (search-forward "\n.\n" nil t)
                  (goto-char (point-max)))
              (progn
                (beginning-of-line)
                (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))))
          (goto-char (point-min))
          (while (not (eobp))
            (setq group (let ((obarray gnus-description-hashtb))
                          (read (current-buffer))))
            (skip-chars-forward " \t")
            (set group (buffer-substring 
                        (point) (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point))))
            (forward-line 1))))
      (message "Reading descriptions file...done")
      t)))

(defun gnus-group-get-description (group)
  ;; Get the description of a group by sending XGTITLE to the server.
  (and (gnus-request-group-description group)
       (save-excursion
         (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
         (goto-char (point-min))
         (and (looking-at "[^ \t]+[ \t]+\\(.*\\)")
              (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))))

(provide 'gnus)

;;; gnus.el ends here