1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
4 @settitle Message (Oort) Manual
10 * Message: (message). Mail and news composition mode that goes with Gnus.
15 @setchapternewpage odd
19 This file documents Message, the Emacs message composition mode.
21 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
23 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
24 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
25 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
26 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
27 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
28 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
29 License'' in the Emacs manual.
31 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
32 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
33 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
35 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
36 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
37 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
38 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
44 @title Message (Oort) Manual
46 @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen
49 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
50 Copyright @copyright{} 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
51 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
53 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
54 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
55 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
56 Invariant Sections being none, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
57 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
58 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
59 License'' in the Emacs manual.
61 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
62 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
63 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
65 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
66 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
67 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
68 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
77 All message composition from Gnus (both mail and news) takes place in
81 * Interface:: Setting up message buffers.
82 * Commands:: Commands you can execute in message mode buffers.
83 * Variables:: Customizing the message buffers.
84 * Compatibility:: Making Message backwards compatible.
85 * Appendices:: More technical things.
86 * Index:: Variable, function and concept index.
87 * Key Index:: List of Message mode keys.
90 This manual corresponds to Oort Message. Message is distributed with
91 the Gnus distribution bearing the same version number as this manual.
97 When a program (or a person) wants to respond to a message -- reply,
98 follow up, forward, cancel -- the program (or person) should just put
99 point in the buffer where the message is and call the required command.
100 @code{Message} will then pop up a new @code{message} mode buffer with
101 appropriate headers filled out, and the user can edit the message before
105 * New Mail Message:: Editing a brand new mail message.
106 * New News Message:: Editing a brand new news message.
107 * Reply:: Replying via mail.
108 * Wide Reply:: Responding to all people via mail.
109 * Followup:: Following up via news.
110 * Canceling News:: Canceling a news article.
111 * Superseding:: Superseding a message.
112 * Forwarding:: Forwarding a message via news or mail.
113 * Resending:: Resending a mail message.
114 * Bouncing:: Bouncing a mail message.
115 * Mailing Lists:: Send mail to mailing lists.
119 @node New Mail Message
120 @section New Mail Message
123 The @code{message-mail} command pops up a new message buffer.
125 Two optional parameters are accepted: The first will be used as the
126 @code{To} header and the second as the @code{Subject} header. If these
127 are @code{nil}, those two headers will be empty.
130 @node New News Message
131 @section New News Message
134 The @code{message-news} command pops up a new message buffer.
136 This function accepts two optional parameters. The first will be used
137 as the @code{Newsgroups} header and the second as the @code{Subject}
138 header. If these are @code{nil}, those two headers will be empty.
144 @findex message-reply
145 The @code{message-reply} function pops up a message buffer that's a
146 reply to the message in the current buffer.
148 @vindex message-reply-to-function
149 Message uses the normal methods to determine where replies are to go
150 (@pxref{Responses}), but you can change the behavior to suit your needs
151 by fiddling with the @code{message-reply-to-function} variable.
153 If you want the replies to go to the @code{Sender} instead of the
154 @code{From}, you could do something like this:
157 (setq message-reply-to-function
159 (cond ((equal (mail-fetch-field "from") "somebody")
160 (list (cons 'To (mail-fetch-field "sender"))))
165 This function will be called narrowed to the head of the article that is
168 As you can see, this function should return a string if it has an
169 opinion as to what the To header should be. If it does not, it should
170 just return @code{nil}, and the normal methods for determining the To
173 This function can also return a list. In that case, each list element
174 should be a cons, where the car should be the name of an header
175 (eg. @code{Cc}) and the cdr should be the header value
176 (eg. @samp{larsi@@ifi.uio.no}). All these headers will be inserted into
177 the head of the outgoing mail.
183 @findex message-wide-reply
184 The @code{message-wide-reply} pops up a message buffer that's a wide
185 reply to the message in the current buffer. A @dfn{wide reply} is a
186 reply that goes out to all people listed in the @code{To}, @code{From}
187 (or @code{Reply-to}) and @code{Cc} headers.
189 @vindex message-wide-reply-to-function
190 Message uses the normal methods to determine where wide replies are to go,
191 but you can change the behavior to suit your needs by fiddling with the
192 @code{message-wide-reply-to-function}. It is used in the same way as
193 @code{message-reply-to-function} (@pxref{Reply}).
195 @vindex message-dont-reply-to-names
196 Addresses that match the @code{message-dont-reply-to-names} regular
197 expression will be removed from the @code{Cc} header.
199 @vindex message-wide-reply-confirm-recipients
200 If @code{message-wide-reply-confirm-recipients} is non-@code{nil} you
201 will be asked to confirm that you want to reply to multiple
202 recipients. The default is @code{nil}.
207 @findex message-followup
208 The @code{message-followup} command pops up a message buffer that's a
209 followup to the message in the current buffer.
211 @vindex message-followup-to-function
212 Message uses the normal methods to determine where followups are to go,
213 but you can change the behavior to suit your needs by fiddling with the
214 @code{message-followup-to-function}. It is used in the same way as
215 @code{message-reply-to-function} (@pxref{Reply}).
217 @vindex message-use-followup-to
218 The @code{message-use-followup-to} variable says what to do about
219 @code{Followup-To} headers. If it is @code{use}, always use the value.
220 If it is @code{ask} (which is the default), ask whether to use the
221 value. If it is @code{t}, use the value unless it is @samp{poster}. If
222 it is @code{nil}, don't use the value.
226 @section Canceling News
228 @findex message-cancel-news
229 The @code{message-cancel-news} command cancels the article in the
232 @vindex message-cancel-message
233 The value of @code{message-cancel-message} is inserted in the body of
234 the cancel message. The default is @samp{I am canceling my own
241 @findex message-supersede
242 The @code{message-supersede} command pops up a message buffer that will
243 supersede the message in the current buffer.
245 @vindex message-ignored-supersedes-headers
246 Headers matching the @code{message-ignored-supersedes-headers} are
247 removed before popping up the new message buffer. The default is@*
248 @samp{^Path:\\|^Date\\|^NNTP-Posting-Host:\\|^Xref:\\|^Lines:\\|@*
249 ^Received:\\|^X-From-Line:\\|Return-Path:\\|^Supersedes:}.
256 @findex message-forward
257 The @code{message-forward} command pops up a message buffer to forward
258 the message in the current buffer. If given a prefix, forward using
262 @item message-forward-ignored-headers
263 @vindex message-forward-ignored-headers
264 All headers that match this regexp will be deleted when forwarding a message.
266 @item message-make-forward-subject-function
267 @vindex message-make-forward-subject-function
268 A list of functions that are called to generate a subject header for
269 forwarded messages. The subject generated by the previous function is
270 passed into each successive function.
272 The provided functions are:
275 @item message-forward-subject-author-subject
276 @findex message-forward-subject-author-subject
277 Source of article (author or newsgroup), in brackets followed by the
280 @item message-forward-subject-fwd
281 Subject of article with @samp{Fwd:} prepended to it.
284 @item message-wash-forwarded-subjects
285 @vindex message-wash-forwarded-subjects
286 If this variable is @code{t}, the subjects of forwarded messages have
287 the evidence of previous forwards (such as @samp{Fwd:}, @samp{Re:},
288 @samp{(fwd)}) removed before the new subject is
289 constructed. The default value is @code{nil}.
291 @item message-forward-as-mime
292 @vindex message-forward-as-mime
293 If this variable is @code{t} (the default), forwarded messages are
294 included as inline @sc{mime} RFC822 parts. If it's @code{nil}, forwarded
295 messages will just be copied inline to the new message, like previous,
296 non @sc{mime}-savvy versions of gnus would do.
298 @item message-forward-before-signature
299 @vindex message-forward-before-signature
300 If non-@code{nil}, put forwarded message before signature, else after.
308 @findex message-resend
309 The @code{message-resend} command will prompt the user for an address
310 and resend the message in the current buffer to that address.
312 @vindex message-ignored-resent-headers
313 Headers that match the @code{message-ignored-resent-headers} regexp will
314 be removed before sending the message. The default is
315 @samp{^Return-receipt}.
321 @findex message-bounce
322 The @code{message-bounce} command will, if the current buffer contains a
323 bounced mail message, pop up a message buffer stripped of the bounce
324 information. A @dfn{bounced message} is typically a mail you've sent
325 out that has been returned by some @code{mailer-daemon} as
328 @vindex message-ignored-bounced-headers
329 Headers that match the @code{message-ignored-bounced-headers} regexp
330 will be removed before popping up the buffer. The default is
331 @samp{^\\(Received\\|Return-Path\\):}.
335 @section Mailing Lists
337 Sometimes while posting to mailing lists, the poster needs to direct
338 followups to the post to specific places. The Mail-Followup-To (MFT)
339 was created to enable just this. Two example scenarios where this is
344 A mailing list poster can use MFT to express that responses should be
345 sent to just the list, and not the poster as well. This will happen
346 if the poster is already subscribed to the list.
349 A mailing list poster can use MFT to express that responses should be
350 sent to the list and the poster as well. This will happen if the poster
351 is not subscribed to the list.
354 If a message is posted to several mailing lists, MFT may also be used
355 to direct the following discussion to one list only, because
356 discussions that are spread over several lists tend to be fragmented
357 and very difficult to follow.
361 Gnus honors the MFT header in other's messages (i.e. while following
362 up to someone else's post) and also provides support for generating
363 sensible MFT headers for outgoing messages as well.
366 @c * Honoring an MFT post:: What to do when one already exists
367 @c * Composing with a MFT header:: Creating one from scratch.
370 @c @node Composing with a MFT header
371 @subsection Composing a correct MFT header automagically
373 The first step in getting Gnus to automagically generate a MFT header
374 in posts you make is to give Gnus a list of the mailing lists
375 addresses you are subscribed to. You can do this in more than one
376 way. The following variables would come in handy.
380 @vindex message-subscribed-addresses
381 @item message-subscribed-addresses
382 This should be a list of addresses the user is subscribed to. Its
383 default value is @code{nil}. Example:
385 (setq message-subscribed-addresses
386 '("ding@@gnus.org" "bing@@noose.org"))
389 @vindex message-subscribed-regexps
390 @item message-subscribed-regexps
391 This should be a list of regexps denoting the addresses of mailing
392 lists subscribed to. Default value is @code{nil}. Example: If you
393 want to achieve the same result as above:
395 (setq message-subscribed-regexps
396 '("\\(ding@@gnus\\)\\|\\(bing@@noose\\)\\.org")
399 @vindex message-subscribed-address-functions
400 @item message-subscribed-address-functions
401 This can be a list of functions to be called (one at a time!!) to
402 determine the value of MFT headers. It is advisable that these
403 functions not take any arguments. Default value is @code{nil}.
405 There is a pre-defined function in Gnus that is a good candidate for
406 this variable. @code{gnus-find-subscribed-addresses} is a function
407 that returns a list of addresses corresponding to the groups that have
408 the @code{subscribed} (@pxref{(gnus)subscribed})
409 group parameter set to a non-nil value. This is how you would do it.
412 (setq message-subscribed-address-functions
413 '(gnus-find-subscribed-addresses))
416 @vindex message-subscribed-address-file
417 @item message-subscribed-address-file
418 You might be one organised human freak and have a list of addresses of
419 all subscribed mailing lists in a separate file! Then you can just
420 set this variable to the name of the file and life would be good.
424 You can use one or more of the above variables. All their values are
425 ``added'' in some way that works :-)
427 Now you are all set. Just start composing a message as you normally do.
428 And just send it; as always. Just before the message is sent out, Gnus'
429 MFT generation thingy kicks in and checks if the message already has a
430 MFT field. If there is one, it is left alone. (Except if it's empty -
431 in that case, the field is removed and is not replaced with an
432 automatically generated one. This lets you disable MFT generation on a
433 per-message basis.) If there is none, then the list of recipient
434 addresses (in the To: and Cc: headers) is checked to see if one of them
435 is a list address you are subscribed to. If none of them is a list
436 address, then no MFT is generated; otherwise, a MFT is added to the
437 other headers and set to the value of all addresses in To: and Cc:
440 @findex message-gen-unsubscribed-mft
442 @findex message-goto-mail-followup-to
443 Hm. ``So'', you ask, ``what if I send an email to a list I am not
444 subscribed to? I want my MFT to say that I want an extra copy.''
445 (This is supposed to be interpreted by others the same way as if there
446 were no MFT, but you can use an explicit MFT to override someone
447 else's to-address group parameter.) The function
448 @code{message-gen-unsubscribed-mft} might come in handy. It is bound
449 to @kbd{C-c C-f C-a} by default. In any case, you can insert a MFT of
450 your own choice; @kbd{C-c C-f C-m}
451 (@code{message-goto-mail-followup-to}) will help you get started.
453 @c @node Honoring an MFT post
454 @subsection Honoring an MFT post
456 @vindex message-use-mail-followup-to
457 When you followup to a post on a mailing list, and the post has a MFT
458 header, Gnus' action will depend on the value of the variable
459 @code{message-use-mail-followup-to}. This variable can be one of:
463 Always honor MFTs. The To: and Cc: headers in your followup will be
464 derived from the MFT header of the original post. This is the default.
467 Always dishonor MFTs (just ignore the darned thing)
470 Gnus will prompt you for an action.
474 It is considered good nettiquette to honor MFT, as it is assumed the
475 fellow who posted a message knows where the followups need to go
482 * Buffer Entry:: Commands after entering a Message buffer.
483 * Header Commands:: Commands for moving to headers.
484 * Movement:: Moving around in message buffers.
485 * Insertion:: Inserting things into message buffers.
486 * MIME:: @sc{mime} considerations.
487 * Security:: Signing and encrypting messages.
488 * Various Commands:: Various things.
489 * Sending:: Actually sending the message.
490 * Mail Aliases:: How to use mail aliases.
491 * Spelling:: Having Emacs check your spelling.
496 @section Buffer Entry
500 You most often end up in a Message buffer when responding to some other
501 message of some sort. Message does lots of handling of quoted text, and
502 may remove signatures, reformat the text, or the like---depending on
503 which used settings you're using. Message usually gets things right,
504 but sometimes it stumbles. To help the user unwind these stumblings,
505 Message sets the undo boundary before each major automatic action it
506 takes. If you press the undo key (usually located at @kbd{C-_}) a few
507 times, you will get back the un-edited message you're responding to.
510 @node Header Commands
511 @section Header Commands
513 All these commands move to the header in question (except for the
514 @samp{Importance:} related commands). If it doesn't exist, it will be
521 @findex describe-mode
522 Describe the message mode.
526 @findex message-goto-to
527 Go to the @code{To} header (@code{message-goto-to}).
531 @findex message-goto-from
532 Go to the @code{From} header (@code{message-goto-from}). (The ``o''
533 in the key binding is for Originator.)
537 @findex message-goto-bcc
538 Go to the @code{Bcc} header (@code{message-goto-bcc}).
542 @findex message-goto-fcc
543 Go to the @code{Fcc} header (@code{message-goto-fcc}).
547 @findex message-goto-cc
548 Go to the @code{Cc} header (@code{message-goto-cc}).
552 @findex message-goto-subject
553 Go to the @code{Subject} header (@code{message-goto-subject}).
557 @findex message-goto-reply-to
558 Go to the @code{Reply-To} header (@code{message-goto-reply-to}).
562 @findex message-goto-newsgroups
563 Go to the @code{Newsgroups} header (@code{message-goto-newsgroups}).
567 @findex message-goto-distribution
568 Go to the @code{Distribution} header (@code{message-goto-distribution}).
572 @findex message-goto-followup-to
573 Go to the @code{Followup-To} header (@code{message-goto-followup-to}).
577 @findex message-goto-keywords
578 Go to the @code{Keywords} header (@code{message-goto-keywords}).
582 @findex message-goto-summary
583 Go to the @code{Summary} header (@code{message-goto-summary}).
587 @findex message-insert-or-toggle-importance
588 This inserts the @samp{Importance:} header with a value of
589 @samp{high}. This header is used to signal the importance of the
590 message to the receiver. If the header is already present in the
591 buffer, it cycles between the three valid values according to RFC
592 1376: @samp{low}, @samp{normal} and @samp{high}.
594 @item M-x message-insert-importance-high
595 @kindex M-x message-insert-importance-high
596 @findex message-insert-importance-high
597 Insert a @samp{Importance:} header with a value of @samp{high},
598 deleting headers if necessary.
600 @item M-x message-insert-importance-low
601 @kindex M-x message-insert-importance-low
602 @findex message-insert-importance-low
603 Insert a @samp{Importance:} header with a value of @samp{low},
604 deleting headers if necessary.
615 @findex message-goto-body
616 Move to the beginning of the body of the message
617 (@code{message-goto-body}).
621 @findex message-goto-signature
622 Move to the signature of the message (@code{message-goto-signature}).
626 @findex message-beginning-of-line
627 @vindex message-beginning-of-line
628 If at beginning of header value, go to beginning of line, else go to
629 beginning of header value. (The header value comes after the header
630 name and the colon.) This behaviour can be disabled by toggling
631 the variable @code{message-beginning-of-line}.
643 @findex message-yank-original
644 Yank the message that's being replied to into the message buffer
645 (@code{message-yank-original}).
649 @findex message-yank-buffer
650 Prompt for a buffer name and yank the contents of that buffer into the
651 message buffer (@code{message-yank-buffer}).
655 @findex message-fill-yanked-message
656 Fill the yanked message (@code{message-fill-yanked-message}). Warning:
657 Can severely mess up the yanked text if its quoting conventions are
658 strange. You'll quickly get a feel for when it's safe, though. Anyway,
659 just remember that @kbd{C-x u} (@code{undo}) is available and you'll be
664 @findex message-insert-signature
665 Insert a signature at the end of the buffer
666 (@code{message-insert-signature}).
670 @findex message-insert-headers
671 Insert the message headers (@code{message-insert-headers}).
675 @findex message-insert-disposition-notification-to
676 Insert a request for a disposition
677 notification. (@code{message-insert-disposition-notification-to}).
678 This means that if the recipient support RFC 2298 she might send you a
679 notification that she received the message.
691 Message is a @sc{mime}-compliant posting agent. The user generally
692 doesn't have to do anything to make the @sc{mime} happen---Message will
693 automatically add the @code{Content-Type} and
694 @code{Content-Transfer-Encoding} headers.
696 The most typical thing users want to use the multipart things in
697 @sc{mime} for is to add ``attachments'' to mail they send out. This can
698 be done with the @kbd{C-c C-a} command, which will prompt for a file
699 name and a @sc{mime} type.
701 You can also create arbitrarily complex multiparts using the MML
702 language (@pxref{Composing, , Composing, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME
715 Using the MML language, Message is able to create digitally signed and
716 digitally encrypted messages. Message (or rather MML) currently
717 support PGP (RFC 1991), @sc{pgp/mime} (RFC 2015/3156) and @sc{s/mime}.
718 Instructing MML to perform security operations on a @sc{mime} part is
719 done using the @kbd{C-c C-m s} key map for signing and the @kbd{C-c
720 C-m c} key map for encryption, as follows.
726 @findex mml-secure-message-sign-smime
728 Digitally sign current message using @sc{s/mime}.
732 @findex mml-secure-message-sign-pgp
734 Digitally sign current message using PGP.
738 @findex mml-secure-message-sign-pgpmime
740 Digitally sign current message using @sc{pgp/mime}.
744 @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-smime
746 Digitally encrypt current message using @sc{s/mime}.
750 @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-pgp
752 Digitally encrypt current message using PGP.
756 @findex mml-secure-message-encrypt-pgpmime
758 Digitally encrypt current message using @sc{pgp/mime}.
762 @findex mml-unsecure-message
763 Remove security related MML tags from message.
767 These commands do not immediately sign or encrypt the message, they
768 merely insert the proper MML secure tag to instruct the MML engine to
769 perform that operation when the message is actually sent. They may
770 perform other operations too, such as locating and retrieving a
771 @sc{s/mime} certificate of the person you wish to send encrypted mail
772 to. When the mml parsing engine converts your MML into a properly
773 encoded @sc{mime} message, the secure tag will be replaced with either
774 a part or a multipart tag. If your message contains other mml parts,
775 a multipart tag will be used; if no other parts are present in your
776 message a single part tag will be used. This way, message mode will
777 do the Right Thing (TM) with signed/encrypted multipart messages.
779 @vindex mml-signencrypt-style-alist
780 By default, when encrypting a message, Gnus will use the "signencrypt"
781 mode. If you would like to disable this for a particular message,
782 give the mml-secure-message-encrypt-* command a prefix argument. (for
783 example, C-u C-c C-m c p). Additionally, by default Gnus will
784 separately sign, then encrypt a message which has the mode
785 signencrypt. If you would like to change this behavior you can
786 customize the @code{mml-signencrypt-style-alist} variable. For
791 (setq mml-signencrypt-style-alist '(("smime" combined)
793 ("pgpmime" combined)))
796 Will cause Gnus to sign and encrypt in one pass, thus generating a
797 single signed and encrypted part. Note that combined sign and encrypt
798 does not work with all supported OpenPGP implementations (in
799 particular, PGP version 2 do not support this).
801 Since signing and especially encryption often is used when sensitive
802 information is sent, you may want to have some way to ensure that your
803 mail is actually signed or encrypted. After invoking the above
804 sign/encrypt commands, it is possible to preview the raw article by
805 using @kbd{C-u C-c RET P} (@code{mml-preview}). Then you can
806 verify that your long rant about what your ex-significant other or
807 whomever actually did with that funny looking person at that strange
808 party the other night, actually will be sent encrypted.
810 @emph{Note!} Neither @sc{pgp/mime} nor @sc{s/mime} encrypt/signs
811 RFC822 headers. They only operate on the @sc{mime} object. Keep this
812 in mind before sending mail with a sensitive Subject line.
814 Actually using the security commands above is not very difficult. At
815 least not compared with making sure all involved programs talk with each
816 other properly. Thus, we now describe what external libraries or
817 programs are required to make things work, and some small general hints.
819 @subsection Using S/MIME
821 @emph{Note!} This section assume you have a basic familiarity with
822 modern cryptography, @sc{s/mime}, various PKCS standards, OpenSSL and
825 The @sc{s/mime} support in Message (and MML) require OpenSSL. OpenSSL
826 perform the actual @sc{s/mime} sign/encrypt operations. OpenSSL can
827 be found at @uref{http://www.openssl.org/}. OpenSSL 0.9.6 and later
828 should work. Version 0.9.5a cannot extract mail addresses from
829 certificates, and it insert a spurious CR character into @sc{mime}
830 separators so you may wish to avoid it if you would like to avoid
831 being regarded as someone who send strange mail. (Although by sending
832 @sc{s/mime} messages you've probably already lost that contest.)
834 To be able to send encrypted mail, a personal certificate is not
835 required. Message (MML) need a certificate for the person to whom you
836 wish to communicate with though. You're asked for this when you type
837 @kbd{C-c C-m c s}. Currently there are two ways to retrieve this
838 certificate, from a local file or from DNS. If you chose a local
839 file, it need to contain a X.509 certificate in PEM format. If you
840 chose DNS, you're asked for the domain name where the certificate is
841 stored, the default is a good guess. To my belief, Message (MML) is
842 the first mail agent in the world to support retrieving @sc{s/mime}
843 certificates from DNS, so you're not likely to find very many
844 certificates out there. At least there should be one, stored at the
845 domain @code{simon.josefsson.org}. LDAP is a more popular method of
846 distributing certificates, support for it is planned. (Meanwhile, you
847 can use @code{ldapsearch} from the command line to retrieve a
848 certificate into a file and use it.)
850 As for signing messages, OpenSSL can't perform signing operations
851 without some kind of configuration. Especially, you need to tell it
852 where your private key and your certificate is stored. MML uses an
853 Emacs interface to OpenSSL, aptly named @code{smime.el}, and it
854 contain a @code{custom} group used for this configuration. So, try
855 @kbd{M-x customize-group RET smime RET} and look around.
857 Currently there is no support for talking to a CA (or RA) to create
858 your own certificate. None is planned either. You need to do this
859 manually with OpenSSL or using some other program. I used Netscape
860 and got a free @sc{s/mime} certificate from one of the big CA's on the
861 net. Netscape is able to export your private key and certificate in
862 PKCS #12 format. Use OpenSSL to convert this into a plain X.509
863 certificate in PEM format as follows.
866 $ openssl pkcs12 -in ns.p12 -clcerts -nodes > key+cert.pem
869 The @file{key+cert.pem} file should be pointed to from the
870 @code{smime-keys} variable. You should now be able to send signed mail.
872 @emph{Note!} Your private key is store unencrypted in the file, so take
875 @subsection Using PGP/MIME
877 @sc{pgp/mime} requires an external OpenPGP implementation, such as GNU
878 Privacy Guard (@uref{http://www.gnupg.org/}). It also requires an
879 Emacs interface to it, such as Mailcrypt (available from
880 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html}) or
881 Florian Weimer's @code{gpg.el}.
883 @vindex gpg-temp-directory
884 Note, if you are using the @code{gpg.el} you must make sure that the
885 path specified by @code{gpg-temp-directory} have permissions 0700.
887 Creating your own OpenPGP key is described in detail in the
888 documentation of your OpenPGP implementation, so we refer to it.
890 @node Various Commands
891 @section Various Commands
897 @findex message-caesar-buffer-body
898 Caesar rotate (aka. rot13) the current message
899 (@code{message-caesar-buffer-body}). If narrowing is in effect, just
900 rotate the visible portion of the buffer. A numerical prefix says how
901 many places to rotate the text. The default is 13.
905 @findex message-elide-region
906 @vindex message-elide-ellipsis
907 Elide the text between point and mark (@code{message-elide-region}).
908 The text is killed and replaced with the contents of the variable
909 @code{message-elide-ellipsis}. The default value is to use an ellipsis
914 @findex message-kill-to-signature
915 Kill all the text up to the signature, or if that's missing, up to the
916 end of the message (@code{message-kill-to-signature}).
920 @findex message-delete-not-region
921 Delete all text in the body of the message that is outside the region
922 (@code{message-delete-not-region}).
926 @findex message-newline-and-reformat
927 Insert four newlines, and then reformat if inside quoted text.
932 > This is some quoted text. And here's more quoted text.
935 If point is before @samp{And} and you press @kbd{M-RET}, you'll get:
938 > This is some quoted text.
942 > And here's more quoted text.
945 @samp{*} says where point will be placed.
949 @findex message-insert-to
950 Insert a @code{To} header that contains the @code{Reply-To} or
951 @code{From} header of the message you're following up
952 (@code{message-insert-to}).
956 @findex message-insert-newsgroups
957 Insert a @code{Newsgroups} header that reflects the @code{Followup-To}
958 or @code{Newsgroups} header of the article you're replying to
959 (@code{message-insert-newsgroups}).
963 @findex message-sort-headers
964 @vindex message-header-format-alist
965 Sort headers according to @code{message-header-format-alist}
966 (@code{message-sort-headers}).
970 @findex message-rename-buffer
971 Rename the buffer (@code{message-rename-buffer}). If given a prefix,
972 prompt for a new buffer name.
977 @vindex message-tab-body-function
978 If non-@code{nil} execute the function specified in
979 @code{message-tab-body-function}. Otherwise use the function bound to
980 @kbd{TAB} in @code{text-mode-map} or @code{global-map}.
991 @findex message-send-and-exit
992 Send the message and bury the current buffer
993 (@code{message-send-and-exit}).
998 Send the message (@code{message-send}).
1002 @findex message-dont-send
1003 Bury the message buffer and exit (@code{message-dont-send}).
1007 @findex message-kill-buffer
1008 Kill the message buffer and exit (@code{message-kill-buffer}).
1015 @section Mail Aliases
1016 @cindex mail aliases
1019 @vindex message-mail-alias-type
1020 The @code{message-mail-alias-type} variable controls what type of mail
1021 alias expansion to use. Currently only one form is supported---Message
1022 uses @code{mailabbrev} to handle mail aliases. If this variable is
1023 @code{nil}, no mail alias expansion will be performed.
1025 @code{mailabbrev} works by parsing the @file{/etc/mailrc} and
1026 @file{~/.mailrc} files. These files look like:
1029 alias lmi "Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@@ifi.uio.no>"
1030 alias ding "ding@@ifi.uio.no (ding mailing list)"
1033 After adding lines like this to your @file{~/.mailrc} file, you should
1034 be able to just write @samp{lmi} in the @code{To} or @code{Cc} (and so
1035 on) headers and press @kbd{SPC} to expand the alias.
1037 No expansion will be performed upon sending of the message---all
1038 expansions have to be done explicitly.
1044 @findex ispell-message
1046 There are two popular ways to have Emacs spell-check your messages:
1047 @code{ispell} and @code{flyspell}. @code{ispell} is the older and
1048 probably more popular package. You typically first write the message,
1049 and then run the entire thing through @code{ispell} and fix all the
1050 typos. To have this happen automatically when you send a message, put
1051 something like the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
1054 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
1057 @vindex ispell-message-dictionary-alist
1058 If you're in the habit of writing in different languages, this can be
1059 controlled by the @code{ispell-message-dictionary-alist} variable:
1062 (setq ispell-message-dictionary-alist
1063 '(("^Newsgroups:.*\\bde\\." . "deutsch8")
1064 (".*" . "default")))
1067 @code{ispell} depends on having the external @samp{ispell} command
1070 The other popular method is using @code{flyspell}. This package checks
1071 your spelling while you're writing, and marks any mis-spelled words in
1074 To use @code{flyspell}, put something like the following in your
1078 (defun my-message-setup-routine ()
1080 (add-hook 'message-setup-hook 'my-message-setup-routine)
1083 @code{flyspell} depends on having the external @samp{ispell} command
1091 * Message Headers:: General message header stuff.
1092 * Mail Headers:: Customizing mail headers.
1093 * Mail Variables:: Other mail variables.
1094 * News Headers:: Customizing news headers.
1095 * News Variables:: Other news variables.
1096 * Insertion Variables:: Customizing how things are inserted.
1097 * Various Message Variables:: Other message variables.
1098 * Sending Variables:: Variables for sending.
1099 * Message Buffers:: How Message names its buffers.
1100 * Message Actions:: Actions to be performed when exiting.
1104 @node Message Headers
1105 @section Message Headers
1107 Message is quite aggressive on the message generation front. It has to
1108 be -- it's a combined news and mail agent. To be able to send combined
1109 messages, it has to generate all headers itself (instead of letting the
1110 mail/news system do it) to ensure that mail and news copies of messages
1111 look sufficiently similar.
1115 @item message-generate-headers-first
1116 @vindex message-generate-headers-first
1117 If @code{t}, generate all required headers before starting to
1118 compose the message. This can also be a list of headers to generate:
1121 (setq message-generate-headers-first
1125 @vindex message-required-headers
1126 The variables @code{message-required-headers},
1127 @code{message-required-mail-headers} and
1128 @code{message-required-news-headers} specify which headers are
1131 Note that some headers will be removed and re-generated before posting,
1132 because of the variable @code{message-deletable-headers} (see below).
1134 @item message-draft-headers
1135 @vindex message-draft-headers
1136 When running Message from Gnus, the message buffers are associated
1137 with a draft group. @code{message-draft-headers} says which headers
1138 should be generated when a draft is written to the draft group.
1140 @item message-from-style
1141 @vindex message-from-style
1142 Specifies how @code{From} headers should look. There are four valid
1147 Just the address -- @samp{king@@grassland.com}.
1150 @samp{king@@grassland.com (Elvis Parsley)}.
1153 @samp{Elvis Parsley <king@@grassland.com>}.
1156 Look like @code{angles} if that doesn't require quoting, and
1157 @code{parens} if it does. If even @code{parens} requires quoting, use
1158 @code{angles} anyway.
1162 @item message-deletable-headers
1163 @vindex message-deletable-headers
1164 Headers in this list that were previously generated by Message will be
1165 deleted before posting. Let's say you post an article. Then you decide
1166 to post it again to some other group, you naughty boy, so you jump back
1167 to the @code{*post-buf*} buffer, edit the @code{Newsgroups} line, and
1168 ship it off again. By default, this variable makes sure that the old
1169 generated @code{Message-ID} is deleted, and a new one generated. If
1170 this isn't done, the entire empire would probably crumble, anarchy would
1171 prevail, and cats would start walking on two legs and rule the world.
1174 @item message-default-headers
1175 @vindex message-default-headers
1176 This string is inserted at the end of the headers in all message
1179 @item message-subject-re-regexp
1180 @vindex message-subject-re-regexp
1184 Responses to messages have subjects that start with @samp{Re: }. This
1185 is @emph{not} an abbreviation of the English word ``response'', but is
1186 Latin, and means ``in response to''. Some illiterate nincompoops have
1187 failed to grasp this fact, and have ``internationalized'' their software
1188 to use abonimations like @samp{Aw: } (``antwort'') or @samp{Sv: }
1189 (``svar'') instead, which is meaningless and evil. However, you may
1190 have to deal with users that use these evil tools, in which case you may
1191 set this variable to a regexp that matches these prefixes. Myself, I
1192 just throw away non-compliant mail.
1194 Here's an example of a value to deal with these headers when
1195 responding to a message:
1198 (setq message-subject-re-regexp
1199 "^\\(\\(\\([Rr][Ee]\\|[Ss][Vv]\\|[Aa][Ww]\\): *\\)+\\)")
1202 @item message-alternative-emails
1203 @vindex message-alternative-emails
1204 A regexp to match the alternative email addresses. The first matched
1205 address (not primary one) is used in the @code{From} field.
1207 @item message-allow-no-recipients
1208 @vindex message-allow-no-recipients
1209 Specifies what to do when there are no recipients other than
1210 @code{Gcc} or @code{Fcc}. If it is @code{always}, the posting is
1211 allowed. If it is @code{never}, the posting is not allowed. If it is
1212 @code{ask} (the default), you are prompted.
1218 @section Mail Headers
1221 @item message-required-mail-headers
1222 @vindex message-required-mail-headers
1223 @xref{News Headers}, for the syntax of this variable. It is
1224 @code{(From Date Subject (optional . In-Reply-To) Message-ID Lines
1225 (optional . User-Agent))} by default.
1227 @item message-ignored-mail-headers
1228 @vindex message-ignored-mail-headers
1229 Regexp of headers to be removed before mailing. The default is
1230 @samp{^[GF]cc:\\|^Resent-Fcc:\\|^Xref:\\|^X-Draft-From:}.
1232 @item message-default-mail-headers
1233 @vindex message-default-mail-headers
1234 This string is inserted at the end of the headers in all message
1235 buffers that are initialized as mail.
1240 @node Mail Variables
1241 @section Mail Variables
1244 @item message-send-mail-function
1245 @vindex message-send-mail-function
1246 @findex message-send-mail-with-sendmail
1247 @findex message-send-mail-with-mh
1248 @findex message-send-mail-with-qmail
1249 @findex message-smtpmail-send-it
1250 @findex smtpmail-send-it
1251 @findex feedmail-send-it
1252 Function used to send the current buffer as mail. The default is
1253 @code{message-send-mail-with-sendmail}. Other valid values include
1254 @code{message-send-mail-with-mh}, @code{message-send-mail-with-qmail},
1255 @code{message-smtpmail-send-it}, @code{smtpmail-send-it} and
1256 @code{feedmail-send-it}.
1258 @item message-mh-deletable-headers
1259 @vindex message-mh-deletable-headers
1260 Most versions of MH doesn't like being fed messages that contain the
1261 headers in this variable. If this variable is non-@code{nil} (which is
1262 the default), these headers will be removed before mailing when sending
1263 messages via MH. Set it to @code{nil} if your MH can handle these
1266 @item message-qmail-inject-program
1267 @vindex message-qmail-inject-program
1269 Location of the qmail-inject program.
1271 @item message-qmail-inject-args
1272 @vindex message-qmail-inject-args
1273 Arguments passed to qmail-inject programs.
1274 This should be a list of strings, one string for each argument. It
1275 may also be a function.
1277 For e.g., if you wish to set the envelope sender address so that bounces
1278 go to the right place or to deal with listserv's usage of that address, you
1279 might set this variable to @code{'("-f" "you@@some.where")}.
1281 @item message-sendmail-f-is-evil
1282 @vindex message-sendmail-f-is-evil
1284 Non-@code{nil} means don't add @samp{-f username} to the sendmail
1285 command line. Doing so would be even more evil than leaving it out.
1287 @item message-mailer-swallows-blank-line
1288 @vindex message-mailer-swallows-blank-line
1289 Set this to non-@code{nil} if the system's mailer runs the header and
1290 body together. (This problem exists on Sunos 4 when sendmail is run
1291 in remote mode.) The value should be an expression to test whether
1292 the problem will actually occur.
1294 @item message-send-mail-partially-limit
1295 @vindex message-send-mail-partially-limit
1296 The limitation of messages sent as message/partial.
1297 The lower bound of message size in characters, beyond which the message
1298 should be sent in several parts. If it is nil, the size is unlimited.
1304 @section News Headers
1306 @vindex message-required-news-headers
1307 @code{message-required-news-headers} a list of header symbols. These
1308 headers will either be automatically generated, or, if that's
1309 impossible, they will be prompted for. The following symbols are valid:
1315 @findex user-full-name
1316 @findex user-mail-address
1317 This required header will be filled out with the result of the
1318 @code{message-make-from} function, which depends on the
1319 @code{message-from-style}, @code{user-full-name},
1320 @code{user-mail-address} variables.
1324 This required header will be prompted for if not present already.
1328 This required header says which newsgroups the article is to be posted
1329 to. If it isn't present already, it will be prompted for.
1332 @cindex organization
1333 @vindex message-user-organization
1334 @vindex message-user-organization-file
1335 This optional header will be filled out depending on the
1336 @code{message-user-organization} variable.
1337 @code{message-user-organization-file} will be used if this variable is
1338 @code{t}. This variable can also be a string (in which case this string
1339 will be used), or it can be a function (which will be called with no
1340 parameters and should return a string to be used).
1344 This optional header will be computed by Message.
1348 @vindex mail-host-address
1351 This required header will be generated by Message. A unique ID will be
1352 created based on the date, time, user name and system name. Message
1353 will use @code{system-name} to determine the name of the system. If
1354 this isn't a fully qualified domain name (FQDN), Message will use
1355 @code{mail-host-address} as the FQDN of the machine.
1359 This optional header will be filled out according to the
1360 @code{message-newsreader} local variable.
1363 This optional header is filled out using the @code{Date} and @code{From}
1364 header of the article being replied to.
1368 @vindex message-expires
1369 This extremely optional header will be inserted according to the
1370 @code{message-expires} variable. It is highly deprecated and shouldn't
1371 be used unless you know what you're doing.
1374 @cindex Distribution
1375 @vindex message-distribution-function
1376 This optional header is filled out according to the
1377 @code{message-distribution-function} variable. It is a deprecated and
1378 much misunderstood header.
1382 @vindex message-user-path
1383 This extremely optional header should probably never be used.
1384 However, some @emph{very} old servers require that this header is
1385 present. @code{message-user-path} further controls how this
1386 @code{Path} header is to look. If it is @code{nil}, use the server name
1387 as the leaf node. If it is a string, use the string. If it is neither
1388 a string nor @code{nil}, use the user name only. However, it is highly
1389 unlikely that you should need to fiddle with this variable at all.
1393 @cindex Mime-Version
1394 In addition, you can enter conses into this list. The car of this cons
1395 should be a symbol. This symbol's name is the name of the header, and
1396 the cdr can either be a string to be entered verbatim as the value of
1397 this header, or it can be a function to be called. This function should
1398 return a string to be inserted. For instance, if you want to insert
1399 @code{Mime-Version: 1.0}, you should enter @code{(Mime-Version . "1.0")}
1400 into the list. If you want to insert a funny quote, you could enter
1401 something like @code{(X-Yow . yow)} into the list. The function
1402 @code{yow} will then be called without any arguments.
1404 If the list contains a cons where the car of the cons is
1405 @code{optional}, the cdr of this cons will only be inserted if it is
1408 If you want to delete an entry from this list, the following Lisp
1409 snippet might be useful. Adjust accordingly if you want to remove
1413 (setq message-required-news-headers
1414 (delq 'Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
1417 Other variables for customizing outgoing news articles:
1421 @item message-syntax-checks
1422 @vindex message-syntax-checks
1423 Controls what syntax checks should not be performed on outgoing posts.
1424 To disable checking of long signatures, for instance, add
1427 (signature . disabled)
1436 Check the subject for commands.
1439 Insert a new @code{Sender} header if the @code{From} header looks odd.
1440 @item multiple-headers
1441 Check for the existence of multiple equal headers.
1444 Check for the existence of version and sendsys commands.
1446 Check whether the @code{Message-ID} looks ok.
1448 Check whether the @code{From} header seems nice.
1451 Check for too long lines.
1453 Check for invalid characters.
1455 Check for excessive size.
1457 Check whether there is any new text in the messages.
1459 Check the length of the signature.
1462 Check whether the article has an @code{Approved} header, which is
1463 something only moderators should include.
1465 Check whether the article is empty.
1466 @item invisible-text
1467 Check whether there is any invisible text in the buffer.
1469 Check whether any of the headers are empty.
1470 @item existing-newsgroups
1471 Check whether the newsgroups mentioned in the @code{Newsgroups} and
1472 @code{Followup-To} headers exist.
1473 @item valid-newsgroups
1474 Check whether the @code{Newsgroups} and @code{Followup-to} headers
1475 are valid syntactically.
1476 @item repeated-newsgroups
1477 Check whether the @code{Newsgroups} and @code{Followup-to} headers
1478 contains repeated group names.
1479 @item shorten-followup-to
1480 Check whether to add a @code{Followup-to} header to shorten the number
1481 of groups to post to.
1484 All these conditions are checked by default.
1486 @item message-ignored-news-headers
1487 @vindex message-ignored-news-headers
1488 Regexp of headers to be removed before posting. The default is@*
1489 @samp{^NNTP-Posting-Host:\\|^Xref:\\|^[BGF]cc:\\|^Resent-Fcc:\\|^X-Draft-From:}.
1491 @item message-default-news-headers
1492 @vindex message-default-news-headers
1493 This string is inserted at the end of the headers in all message
1494 buffers that are initialized as news.
1499 @node News Variables
1500 @section News Variables
1503 @item message-send-news-function
1504 @vindex message-send-news-function
1505 Function used to send the current buffer as news. The default is
1506 @code{message-send-news}.
1508 @item message-post-method
1509 @vindex message-post-method
1510 Gnusish @dfn{select method} (see the Gnus manual for details) used for
1511 posting a prepared news message.
1516 @node Insertion Variables
1517 @section Insertion Variables
1520 @item message-ignored-cited-headers
1521 @vindex message-ignored-cited-headers
1522 All headers that match this regexp will be removed from yanked
1523 messages. The default is @samp{.}, which means that all headers will be
1526 @item message-cite-prefix-regexp
1527 @vindex message-cite-prefix-regexp
1528 Regexp matching the longest possible citation prefix on a line.
1530 @item message-citation-line-function
1531 @vindex message-citation-line-function
1532 @cindex attribution line
1533 Function called to insert the citation line. The default is
1534 @code{message-insert-citation-line}, which will lead to citation lines
1538 Hallvard B Furuseth <h.b.furuseth@@usit.uio.no> writes:
1541 Point will be at the beginning of the body of the message when this
1544 Note that Gnus provides a feature where clicking on `writes:' hides the
1545 cited text. If you change the citation line too much, readers of your
1546 messages will have to adjust their Gnus, too. See the variable
1547 @code{gnus-cite-attribution-suffix}. @xref{Article Highlighting, ,
1548 Article Highlighting, gnus}, for details.
1550 @item message-yank-prefix
1551 @vindex message-yank-prefix
1554 When you are replying to or following up an article, you normally want
1555 to quote the person you are answering. Inserting quoted text is done
1556 by @dfn{yanking}, and each line you yank will have
1557 @code{message-yank-prefix} prepended to it (except for quoted and
1558 empty lines which uses @code{message-yank-cited-prefix}). The default
1561 @item message-yank-cited-prefix
1562 @vindex message-yank-cited-prefix
1566 When yanking text from a article which contains no text or already
1567 cited text, each line will be prefixed with the contents of this
1568 variable. The default is @samp{>}. See also
1569 @code{message-yank-prefix}.
1571 @item message-indentation-spaces
1572 @vindex message-indentation-spaces
1573 Number of spaces to indent yanked messages.
1575 @item message-cite-function
1576 @vindex message-cite-function
1577 @findex message-cite-original
1578 @findex sc-cite-original
1579 @findex message-cite-original-without-signature
1581 Function for citing an original message. The default is
1582 @code{message-cite-original}, which simply inserts the original message
1583 and prepends @samp{> } to each line.
1584 @code{message-cite-original-without-signature} does the same, but elides
1585 the signature. You can also set it to @code{sc-cite-original} to use
1588 @item message-indent-citation-function
1589 @vindex message-indent-citation-function
1590 Function for modifying a citation just inserted in the mail buffer.
1591 This can also be a list of functions. Each function can find the
1592 citation between @code{(point)} and @code{(mark t)}. And each function
1593 should leave point and mark around the citation text as modified.
1595 @item message-signature
1596 @vindex message-signature
1597 String to be inserted at the end of the message buffer. If @code{t}
1598 (which is the default), the @code{message-signature-file} file will be
1599 inserted instead. If a function, the result from the function will be
1600 used instead. If a form, the result from the form will be used instead.
1601 If this variable is @code{nil}, no signature will be inserted at all.
1603 @item message-signature-file
1604 @vindex message-signature-file
1605 File containing the signature to be inserted at the end of the buffer.
1606 The default is @file{~/.signature}.
1610 Note that RFC1036bis says that a signature should be preceded by the three
1611 characters @samp{-- } on a line by themselves. This is to make it
1612 easier for the recipient to automatically recognize and process the
1613 signature. So don't remove those characters, even though you might feel
1614 that they ruin your beautiful design, like, totally.
1616 Also note that no signature should be more than four lines long.
1617 Including ASCII graphics is an efficient way to get everybody to believe
1618 that you are silly and have nothing important to say.
1621 @node Various Message Variables
1622 @section Various Message Variables
1625 @item message-default-charset
1626 @vindex message-default-charset
1628 Symbol naming a @sc{mime} charset. Non-ASCII characters in messages are
1629 assumed to be encoded using this charset. The default is @code{nil},
1630 which means ask the user. (This variable is used only on non-@sc{mule}
1632 @xref{Charset Translation, , Charset Translation, emacs-mime,
1633 Emacs MIME Manual}, for details on the @sc{mule}-to-@sc{mime}
1634 translation process.
1636 @item message-signature-separator
1637 @vindex message-signature-separator
1638 Regexp matching the signature separator. It is @samp{^-- *$} by
1641 @item mail-header-separator
1642 @vindex mail-header-separator
1643 String used to separate the headers from the body. It is @samp{--text
1644 follows this line--} by default.
1646 @item message-directory
1647 @vindex message-directory
1648 Directory used by many mailey things. The default is @file{~/Mail/}.
1650 @item message-auto-save-directory
1651 @vindex message-auto-save-directory
1652 Directory where Message auto-saves buffers if Gnus isn't running. If
1653 @code{nil}, Message won't auto-save. The default is @file{~/Mail/drafts/}.
1655 @item message-signature-setup-hook
1656 @vindex message-signature-setup-hook
1657 Hook run when initializing the message buffer. It is run after the
1658 headers have been inserted but before the signature has been inserted.
1660 @item message-setup-hook
1661 @vindex message-setup-hook
1662 Hook run as the last thing when the message buffer has been initialized,
1663 but before yanked text is inserted.
1665 @item message-header-setup-hook
1666 @vindex message-header-setup-hook
1667 Hook called narrowed to the headers after initializing the headers.
1669 For instance, if you're running Gnus and wish to insert a
1670 @samp{Mail-Copies-To} header in all your news articles and all messages
1671 you send to mailing lists, you could do something like the following:
1674 (defun my-message-header-setup-hook ()
1675 (let ((group (or gnus-newsgroup-name "")))
1676 (when (or (message-fetch-field "newsgroups")
1677 (gnus-group-find-parameter group 'to-address)
1678 (gnus-group-find-parameter group 'to-list))
1679 (insert "Mail-Copies-To: never\n"))))
1681 (add-hook 'message-header-setup-hook
1682 'my-message-header-setup-hook)
1685 @item message-send-hook
1686 @vindex message-send-hook
1687 Hook run before sending messages.
1689 If you want to add certain headers before sending, you can use the
1690 @code{message-add-header} function in this hook. For instance:
1691 @findex message-add-header
1694 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'my-message-add-content)
1695 (defun my-message-add-content ()
1696 (message-add-header "X-In-No-Sense: Nonsense")
1697 (message-add-header "X-Whatever: no"))
1700 This function won't add the header if the header is already present.
1702 @item message-send-mail-hook
1703 @vindex message-send-mail-hook
1704 Hook run before sending mail messages.
1706 @item message-send-news-hook
1707 @vindex message-send-news-hook
1708 Hook run before sending news messages.
1710 @item message-sent-hook
1711 @vindex message-sent-hook
1712 Hook run after sending messages.
1714 @item message-cancel-hook
1715 @vindex message-cancel-hook
1716 Hook run when cancelling news articles.
1718 @item message-mode-syntax-table
1719 @vindex message-mode-syntax-table
1720 Syntax table used in message mode buffers.
1722 @item message-strip-special-text-properties
1723 @vindex message-strip-special-text-properties
1724 Emacs has a number of special text properties which can break message
1725 composing in various ways. If this option is set, message will strip
1726 these properties from the message composition buffer. However, some
1727 packages requires these properties to be present in order to work. If
1728 you use one of these packages, turn this option off, and hope the
1729 message composition doesn't break too bad.
1731 @item message-send-method-alist
1732 @vindex message-send-method-alist
1734 Alist of ways to send outgoing messages. Each element has the form
1737 (TYPE PREDICATE FUNCTION)
1742 A symbol that names the method.
1745 A function called without any parameters to determine whether the
1746 message is a message of type @var{type}.
1749 A function to be called if @var{predicate} returns non-@code{nil}.
1750 @var{function} is called with one parameter -- the prefix.
1754 ((news message-news-p message-send-via-news)
1755 (mail message-mail-p message-send-via-mail))
1764 @node Sending Variables
1765 @section Sending Variables
1769 @item message-fcc-handler-function
1770 @vindex message-fcc-handler-function
1771 A function called to save outgoing articles. This function will be
1772 called with the name of the file to store the article in. The default
1773 function is @code{message-output} which saves in Unix mailbox format.
1775 @item message-courtesy-message
1776 @vindex message-courtesy-message
1777 When sending combined messages, this string is inserted at the start of
1778 the mailed copy. If the string contains the format spec @samp{%s}, the
1779 newsgroups the article has been posted to will be inserted there. If
1780 this variable is @code{nil}, no such courtesy message will be added.
1781 The default value is @samp{"The following message is a courtesy copy of
1782 an article\\nthat has been posted to %s as well.\\n\\n"}.
1784 @item message-fcc-externalize-attachments
1785 @vindex message-fcc-externalize-attachments
1786 If @code{nil}, attach files as normal parts in Fcc copies; if it is
1787 non-@code{nil}, attach local files as external parts.
1789 @item message-interactive
1790 @vindex message-interactive
1791 If non-@code{nil} wait for and display errors when sending a message;
1792 if @code{nil} let the mailer mail back a message to report errors.
1797 @node Message Buffers
1798 @section Message Buffers
1800 Message will generate new buffers with unique buffer names when you
1801 request a message buffer. When you send the message, the buffer isn't
1802 normally killed off. Its name is changed and a certain number of old
1803 message buffers are kept alive.
1806 @item message-generate-new-buffers
1807 @vindex message-generate-new-buffers
1808 If non-@code{nil}, generate new buffers. The default is @code{t}. If
1809 this is a function, call that function with three parameters: The type,
1810 the to address and the group name. (Any of these may be @code{nil}.)
1811 The function should return the new buffer name.
1813 @item message-max-buffers
1814 @vindex message-max-buffers
1815 This variable says how many old message buffers to keep. If there are
1816 more message buffers than this, the oldest buffer will be killed. The
1817 default is 10. If this variable is @code{nil}, no old message buffers
1818 will ever be killed.
1820 @item message-send-rename-function
1821 @vindex message-send-rename-function
1822 After sending a message, the buffer is renamed from, for instance,
1823 @samp{*reply to Lars*} to @samp{*sent reply to Lars*}. If you don't
1824 like this, set this variable to a function that renames the buffer in a
1825 manner you like. If you don't want to rename the buffer at all, you can
1829 (setq message-send-rename-function 'ignore)
1832 @item message-kill-buffer-on-exit
1833 @findex message-kill-buffer-on-exit
1834 If non-@code{nil}, kill the buffer immediately on exit.
1839 @node Message Actions
1840 @section Message Actions
1842 When Message is being used from a news/mail reader, the reader is likely
1843 to want to perform some task after the message has been sent. Perhaps
1844 return to the previous window configuration or mark an article as
1847 @vindex message-kill-actions
1848 @vindex message-postpone-actions
1849 @vindex message-exit-actions
1850 @vindex message-send-actions
1851 The user may exit from the message buffer in various ways. The most
1852 common is @kbd{C-c C-c}, which sends the message and exits. Other
1853 possibilities are @kbd{C-c C-s} which just sends the message, @kbd{C-c
1854 C-d} which postpones the message editing and buries the message buffer,
1855 and @kbd{C-c C-k} which kills the message buffer. Each of these actions
1856 have lists associated with them that contains actions to be executed:
1857 @code{message-send-actions}, @code{message-exit-actions},
1858 @code{message-postpone-actions}, and @code{message-kill-actions}.
1860 Message provides a function to interface with these lists:
1861 @code{message-add-action}. The first parameter is the action to be
1862 added, and the rest of the arguments are which lists to add this action
1863 to. Here's an example from Gnus:
1867 `(set-window-configuration ,(current-window-configuration))
1868 'exit 'postpone 'kill)
1871 This restores the Gnus window configuration when the message buffer is
1872 killed, postponed or exited.
1874 An @dfn{action} can be either: a normal function, or a list where the
1875 @code{car} is a function and the @code{cdr} is the list of arguments, or
1876 a form to be @code{eval}ed.
1880 @chapter Compatibility
1881 @cindex compatibility
1883 Message uses virtually only its own variables---older @code{mail-}
1884 variables aren't consulted. To force Message to take those variables
1885 into account, you can put the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
1888 (require 'messcompat)
1891 This will initialize many Message variables from the values in the
1892 corresponding mail variables.
1899 * Responses:: Standard rules for determining where responses go.
1906 To determine where a message is to go, the following algorithm is used
1911 A @dfn{reply} is when you want to respond @emph{just} to the person who
1912 sent the message via mail. There will only be one recipient. To
1913 determine who the recipient will be, the following headers are
1924 A @dfn{wide reply} is a mail response that includes @emph{all} entities
1925 mentioned in the message you are responded to. All mailboxes from the
1926 following headers will be concatenated to form the outgoing
1927 @code{To}/@code{Cc} headers:
1931 (unless there's a @code{Reply-To}, in which case that is used instead).
1938 If a @code{Mail-Copies-To} header is present, it will also be included
1939 in the list of mailboxes. If this header is @samp{never}, that means
1940 that the @code{From} (or @code{Reply-To}) mailbox will be suppressed.
1944 A @dfn{followup} is a response sent via news. The following headers
1945 (listed in order of precedence) determine where the response is to be
1956 If a @code{Mail-Copies-To} header is present, it will be used as the
1957 basis of the new @code{Cc} header, except if this header is