Added Gnus pkg subtree
[packages] / xemacs-packages / gnus / lisp / nntp.el
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+;;; nntp.el --- nntp access for Gnus
+
+;; Copyright (C) 1987-1990, 1992-1998, 2000-2016 Free Software
+;; Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; Author: Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@gnus.org>
+;; Keywords: news
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+;; (at your option) any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(eval-and-compile
+  ;; In Emacs 24, `open-protocol-stream' is an autoloaded alias for
+  ;; `make-network-stream'.
+  (unless (fboundp 'open-protocol-stream)
+    (require 'proto-stream)))
+
+(require 'nnheader)
+(require 'nnoo)
+(require 'gnus-util)
+(require 'gnus)
+(require 'gnus-group) ;; gnus-group-name-charset
+
+(nnoo-declare nntp)
+
+(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))
+
+(autoload 'auth-source-search "auth-source")
+
+(defgroup nntp nil
+  "NNTP access for Gnus."
+  :group 'gnus)
+
+(defvoo nntp-address nil
+  "Address of the physical nntp server.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-port-number "nntp"
+  "Port number on the physical nntp server.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-server-opened-hook '(nntp-send-mode-reader)
+  "*Hook used for sending commands to the server at startup.
+The default value is `nntp-send-mode-reader', which makes an innd
+server spawn an nnrpd server.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-authinfo-function 'nntp-send-authinfo
+  "Function used to send AUTHINFO to the server.
+It is called with no parameters.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-server-action-alist
+    '(("nntpd 1\\.5\\.11t"
+       (remove-hook 'nntp-server-opened-hook 'nntp-send-mode-reader))
+      ("NNRP server Netscape"
+       (setq nntp-server-list-active-group nil)))
+  "Alist of regexps to match on server types and actions to be taken.
+For instance, if you want Gnus to beep every time you connect
+to innd, you could say something like:
+
+\(setq nntp-server-action-alist
+       \\='((\"innd\" (ding))))
+
+You probably don't want to do that, though.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-open-connection-function 'nntp-open-network-stream
+  "Method for connecting to a remote system.
+It should be a function, which is called with the output buffer
+as its single argument, or one of the following special values:
+
+- `nntp-open-network-stream' specifies a network connection,
+  upgrading to a TLS connection via STARTTLS if possible.
+- `nntp-open-plain-stream' specifies an unencrypted network
+  connection (no STARTTLS upgrade is attempted).
+- `nntp-open-ssl-stream' or `nntp-open-tls-stream' specify a TLS
+  network connection.
+
+Apart from the above special values, valid functions are as
+follows; please refer to their respective doc string for more
+information.
+For direct connections:
+- `nntp-open-netcat-stream'
+- `nntp-open-telnet-stream'
+For indirect connections:
+- `nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat'
+- `nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet'
+- `nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet'")
+
+(defvoo nntp-never-echoes-commands nil
+  "*Non-nil means the nntp server never echoes commands.
+It is reported that some nntps server doesn't echo commands.  So, you
+may want to set this to non-nil in the method for such a server setting
+`nntp-open-connection-function' to `nntp-open-ssl-stream' for example.
+Note that the `nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands'
+variable overrides the nil value of this variable.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands
+    '(nntp-open-network-stream)
+  "*List of functions that never echo commands.
+Add or set a function which you set to `nntp-open-connection-function'
+to this list if it does not echo commands.  Note that a non-nil value
+of the `nntp-never-echoes-commands' variable overrides this variable.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-pre-command nil
+  "*Pre-command to use with the various nntp-open-via-* methods.
+This is where you would put \"runsocks\" or stuff like that.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-telnet-command "telnet"
+  "*Telnet command used to connect to the nntp server.
+This command is used by the methods `nntp-open-telnet-stream',
+`nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet' and `nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet'.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-telnet-switches '("-8")
+  "*Switches given to the telnet command `nntp-telnet-command'.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-end-of-line "\r\n"
+  "*String to use on the end of lines when talking to the NNTP server.
+This is \"\\r\\n\" by default, but should be \"\\n\" when using an indirect
+connection method (nntp-open-via-*).")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-rlogin-command "rsh"
+  "*Rlogin command used to connect to an intermediate host.
+This command is used by the methods `nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet'
+and `nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat'.  The default is \"rsh\", but \"ssh\"
+is a popular alternative.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches nil
+  "*Switches given to the rlogin command `nntp-via-rlogin-command'.
+If you use \"ssh\" for `nntp-via-rlogin-command', you may set this to
+\(\"-C\") in order to compress all data connections, otherwise set this
+to \(\"-t\" \"-e\" \"none\") or (\"-C\" \"-t\" \"-e\" \"none\") if the telnet
+command requires a pseudo-tty allocation on an intermediate host.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-telnet-command "telnet"
+  "*Telnet command used to connect to an intermediate host.
+This command is used by the `nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet' method.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-telnet-switches '("-8")
+  "*Switches given to the telnet command `nntp-via-telnet-command'.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-netcat-command "nc"
+  "*Netcat command used to connect to the nntp server.
+This command is used by the `nntp-open-netcat-stream' and
+`nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat' methods.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-netcat-switches nil
+  "*Switches given to the netcat command `nntp-netcat-command'.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-user-name nil
+  "*User name to log in on an intermediate host with.
+This variable is used by the various nntp-open-via-* methods.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-user-password nil
+  "*Password to use to log in on an intermediate host with.
+This variable is used by the `nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet' method.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-address nil
+  "*Address of an intermediate host to connect to.
+This variable is used by the various nntp-open-via-* methods.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-envuser nil
+  "*Whether both telnet client and server support the ENVIRON option.
+If non-nil, there will be no prompt for a login name.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-via-shell-prompt "bash\\|[$>] *\r?$"
+  "*Regular expression to match the shell prompt on an intermediate host.
+This variable is used by the `nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet' method.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-large-newsgroup 50
+  "*The number of articles which indicates a large newsgroup.
+If the number of articles is greater than the value, verbose
+messages will be shown to indicate the current status.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-maximum-request 400
+  "*The maximum number of the requests sent to the NNTP server at one time.
+If Emacs hangs up while retrieving headers, set the variable to a
+lower value.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-nov-is-evil nil
+  "*If non-nil, nntp will never attempt to use XOVER when talking to the server.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-xover-commands '("XOVER" "XOVERVIEW")
+  "*List of strings that are used as commands to fetch NOV lines from a server.
+The strings are tried in turn until a positive response is gotten.  If
+none of the commands are successful, nntp will just grab headers one
+by one.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-nov-gap 5
+  "*Maximum allowed gap between two articles.
+If the gap between two consecutive articles is bigger than this
+variable, split the XOVER request into two requests.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-xref-number-is-evil nil
+  "*If non-nil, Gnus never trusts article numbers in the Xref header.
+Some news servers, e.g., ones running Diablo, run multiple engines
+having the same articles but article numbers are not kept synchronized
+between them.  If you connect to such a server, set this to a non-nil
+value, and Gnus never uses article numbers (that appear in the Xref
+header and vary by which engine is chosen) to refer to articles.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-prepare-server-hook nil
+  "*Hook run before a server is opened.
+If can be used to set up a server remotely, for instance.  Say you
+have an account at the machine \"other.machine\".  This machine has
+access to an NNTP server that you can't access locally.  You could
+then use this hook to rsh to the remote machine and start a proxy NNTP
+server there that you can connect to.  See also
+`nntp-open-connection-function'")
+
+(defcustom nntp-authinfo-file "~/.authinfo"
+  ".netrc-like file that holds nntp authinfo passwords."
+  :group 'nntp
+  :type
+  '(choice file
+          (repeat :tag "Entries"
+                  :menu-tag "Inline"
+                  (list :format "%v"
+                        :value ("" ("login" . "") ("password" . ""))
+                        (string :tag "Host")
+                        (checklist :inline t
+                                   (cons :format "%v"
+                                         (const :format "" "login")
+                                         (string :format "Login: %v"))
+                                   (cons :format "%v"
+                                         (const :format "" "password")
+                                         (string :format "Password: %v")))))))
+
+(make-obsolete 'nntp-authinfo-file nil "Emacs 24.1")
+
+\f
+
+(defvoo nntp-connection-timeout nil
+  "*Number of seconds to wait before an nntp connection times out.
+If this variable is nil, which is the default, no timers are set.
+NOTE: This variable is never seen to work in Emacs 20 and XEmacs 21.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-prepare-post-hook nil
+  "*Hook run just before posting an article.  It is supposed to be used
+to insert Cancel-Lock headers.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-server-list-active-group 'try
+  "If nil, then always use GROUP instead of LIST ACTIVE.
+This is usually slower, but on misconfigured servers that don't
+update their active files often, this can help.")
+
+;;; Internal variables.
+
+(defvoo nntp-retrieval-in-progress nil)
+(defvar nntp-record-commands nil
+  "*If non-nil, nntp will record all commands in the \"*nntp-log*\" buffer.")
+
+(defvar nntp-have-messaged nil)
+
+(defvar nntp-process-wait-for nil)
+(defvar nntp-process-to-buffer nil)
+(defvar nntp-process-callback nil)
+(defvar nntp-process-decode nil)
+(defvar nntp-process-start-point nil)
+(defvar nntp-inside-change-function nil)
+(defvoo nntp-last-command-time nil)
+(defvoo nntp-last-command nil)
+(defvoo nntp-authinfo-password nil)
+(defvoo nntp-authinfo-user nil)
+(defvoo nntp-authinfo-force nil)
+
+(defvar nntp-connection-list nil)
+
+(defvoo nntp-server-type nil)
+(defvoo nntp-connection-alist nil)
+(defvoo nntp-status-string "")
+(defconst nntp-version "nntp 5.0")
+(defvoo nntp-inhibit-erase nil)
+(defvoo nntp-inhibit-output nil)
+
+(defvoo nntp-server-xover 'try)
+
+(defvar nntp-async-timer nil)
+(defvar nntp-async-process-list nil)
+
+(defvar nntp-authinfo-rejected nil
+"A custom error condition used to report `Authentication Rejected' errors.
+Condition handlers that match just this condition ensure that the nntp
+backend doesn't catch this error.")
+(put 'nntp-authinfo-rejected 'error-conditions '(error nntp-authinfo-rejected))
+(put 'nntp-authinfo-rejected 'error-message "Authorization Rejected")
+
+\f
+
+;;; Internal functions.
+
+(defsubst nntp-send-string (process string)
+  "Send STRING to PROCESS."
+  ;; We need to store the time to provide timeouts, and
+  ;; to store the command so the we can replay the command
+  ;; if the server gives us an AUTHINFO challenge.
+  (setq nntp-last-command-time (current-time)
+       nntp-last-command string)
+  (when nntp-record-commands
+    (nntp-record-command string))
+  (process-send-string process (concat string nntp-end-of-line))
+  (or (memq (process-status process) '(open run))
+      (nntp-report "Server closed connection")))
+
+(defun nntp-record-command (string)
+  "Record the command STRING."
+  (with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create "*nntp-log*")
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (insert (format-time-string "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%3N")
+           " " nntp-address " " string "\n")))
+
+(defvar nntp--report-1 nil)
+
+(defun nntp-report (&rest args)
+  "Report an error from the nntp backend.  The first string in ARGS
+can be a format string.  For some commands, the failed command may be
+retried once before actually displaying the error report."
+  (if nntp--report-1
+      (progn
+        ;; Throw out to nntp-with-open-group-error so that the connection may
+        ;; be restored and the command retried."
+        (when nntp-record-commands
+          (nntp-record-command "*** CONNECTION LOST ***"))
+        (throw 'nntp-with-open-group-error t))
+
+    (when nntp-record-commands
+      (nntp-record-command "*** CALLED nntp-report ***"))
+
+    (nnheader-report 'nntp args)
+
+    (apply 'error args)))
+
+(defmacro nntp-copy-to-buffer (buffer start end)
+  "Copy string from unibyte current buffer to multibyte buffer."
+  (if (featurep 'xemacs)
+      `(copy-to-buffer ,buffer ,start ,end)
+    `(let ((string (buffer-substring ,start ,end)))
+       (with-current-buffer ,buffer
+        (erase-buffer)
+        (insert (if enable-multibyte-characters
+                    (mm-string-to-multibyte string)
+                  string))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        nil))))
+
+(defsubst nntp-wait-for (process wait-for buffer &optional decode discard)
+  "Wait for WAIT-FOR to arrive from PROCESS."
+
+  (with-current-buffer (process-buffer process)
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+
+    (while (and (or (not (memq (char-after (point)) '(?2 ?3 ?4 ?5)))
+                   (looking-at "48[02]"))
+               (memq (process-status process) '(open run)))
+      (cond ((looking-at "480")
+            (nntp-handle-authinfo process))
+           ((looking-at "482")
+            (nnheader-report 'nntp "%s"
+                             (get 'nntp-authinfo-rejected 'error-message))
+            (signal 'nntp-authinfo-rejected nil))
+           ((looking-at "^.*\n")
+            (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))))
+      (nntp-accept-process-output process)
+      (goto-char (point-min)))
+    (prog1
+       (cond
+        ((looking-at "[45]")
+         (progn
+           (nntp-snarf-error-message)
+           nil))
+        ((not (memq (process-status process) '(open run)))
+         (nntp-report "Server closed connection"))
+        (t
+         (goto-char (point-max))
+         (let ((limit (point-min))
+               response)
+           (while (not (re-search-backward wait-for limit t))
+             (nntp-accept-process-output process)
+             ;; We assume that whatever we wait for is less than 1000
+             ;; characters long.
+             (setq limit (max (- (point-max) 1000) (point-min)))
+             (goto-char (point-max)))
+           (setq response (match-string 0))
+           (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+             (setq nntp-process-response response)))
+         (nntp-decode-text (not decode))
+         (unless discard
+           (with-current-buffer buffer
+             (goto-char (point-max))
+             (nnheader-insert-buffer-substring (process-buffer process))
+             ;; Nix out "nntp reading...." message.
+             (when nntp-have-messaged
+               (setq nntp-have-messaged nil)
+               (nnheader-message 5 ""))))
+         t))
+      (unless discard
+       (erase-buffer)))))
+
+(defun nntp-kill-buffer (buffer)
+  (when (buffer-name buffer)
+    (let ((process (get-buffer-process buffer)))
+      (when process
+       (delete-process process)))
+    (kill-buffer buffer)
+    (nnheader-init-server-buffer)))
+
+(defun nntp-erase-buffer (buffer)
+  "Erase contents of BUFFER."
+  (with-current-buffer buffer
+    (erase-buffer)))
+
+(defsubst nntp-find-connection (buffer)
+  "Find the connection delivering to BUFFER."
+  (let ((alist nntp-connection-alist)
+       (buffer (if (stringp buffer) (get-buffer buffer) buffer))
+       process entry)
+    (while (and alist (setq entry (pop alist)))
+      (when (eq buffer (cadr entry))
+       (setq process (car entry)
+             alist nil)))
+    (when process
+      (if (memq (process-status process) '(open run))
+         process
+       (nntp-kill-buffer (process-buffer process))
+       (setq nntp-connection-alist (delq entry nntp-connection-alist))
+       nil))))
+
+(defsubst nntp-find-connection-entry (buffer)
+  "Return the entry for the connection to BUFFER."
+  (assq (nntp-find-connection buffer) nntp-connection-alist))
+
+(defun nntp-find-connection-buffer (buffer)
+  "Return the process connection buffer tied to BUFFER."
+  (let ((process (nntp-find-connection buffer)))
+    (when process
+      (process-buffer process))))
+
+(defsubst nntp-retrieve-data (command address port buffer
+                                     &optional wait-for callback decode)
+  "Use COMMAND to retrieve data into BUFFER from PORT on ADDRESS."
+  (let ((process (or (nntp-find-connection buffer)
+                    (nntp-open-connection buffer))))
+    (if process
+        (progn
+          (unless (or nntp-inhibit-erase nnheader-callback-function)
+           (nntp-erase-buffer (process-buffer process)))
+          (condition-case err
+              (progn
+                (when command
+                  (nntp-send-string process command))
+                (cond
+                 ((eq callback 'ignore)
+                  t)
+                 ((and callback wait-for)
+                  (nntp-async-wait process wait-for buffer decode callback)
+                  t)
+                 (wait-for
+                  (nntp-wait-for process wait-for buffer decode))
+                 (t t)))
+           (nntp-authinfo-rejected
+            (signal 'nntp-authinfo-rejected (cdr err)))
+            (error
+             (nnheader-report 'nntp "Couldn't open connection to %s: %s"
+                              address err))
+            (quit
+             (message "Quit retrieving data from nntp")
+             (signal 'quit nil)
+             nil)))
+      (nnheader-report 'nntp "Couldn't open connection to %s" address))))
+
+(defsubst nntp-send-command (wait-for &rest strings)
+  "Send STRINGS to server and wait until WAIT-FOR returns."
+  (when (and (not nnheader-callback-function)
+            (not nntp-inhibit-output))
+    (nntp-erase-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+  (let* ((command (mapconcat 'identity strings " "))
+        (process (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer))
+        (buffer (and process (process-buffer process)))
+        (pos (and buffer (with-current-buffer buffer (point)))))
+    (if process
+       (prog1
+           (nntp-retrieve-data command
+                               nntp-address nntp-port-number
+                               nntp-server-buffer
+                               wait-for nnheader-callback-function)
+         ;; If nothing to wait for, still remove possibly echo'ed commands.
+         ;; We don't have echoes if `nntp-never-echoes-commands' is non-nil
+         ;; or the value of `nntp-open-connection-function' is in
+         ;; `nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands', so we
+         ;; skip this in that cases.
+         (unless (or wait-for
+                     nntp-never-echoes-commands
+                     (memq
+                      nntp-open-connection-function
+                      nntp-open-connection-functions-never-echo-commands))
+           (nntp-accept-response)
+           (with-current-buffer buffer
+             (goto-char pos)
+             (if (looking-at (regexp-quote command))
+                 (delete-region pos (progn (forward-line 1)
+                                           (point-at-bol)))))))
+      (nnheader-report 'nntp "Couldn't open connection to %s."
+                      nntp-address))))
+
+(defun nntp-send-command-nodelete (wait-for &rest strings)
+  "Send STRINGS to server and wait until WAIT-FOR returns."
+  (let* ((command (mapconcat 'identity strings " "))
+        (process (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer))
+        (buffer (and process (process-buffer process)))
+        (pos (and buffer (with-current-buffer buffer (point)))))
+    (if process
+       (prog1
+           (nntp-retrieve-data command
+                               nntp-address nntp-port-number
+                               nntp-server-buffer
+                               wait-for nnheader-callback-function)
+         ;; If nothing to wait for, still remove possibly echo'ed commands
+         (unless wait-for
+           (nntp-accept-response)
+           (with-current-buffer buffer
+             (goto-char pos)
+             (if (looking-at (regexp-quote command))
+                 (delete-region pos (progn (forward-line 1)
+                                           (point-at-bol)))))))
+      (nnheader-report 'nntp "Couldn't open connection to %s."
+                      nntp-address))))
+
+(defun nntp-send-command-and-decode (wait-for &rest strings)
+  "Send STRINGS to server and wait until WAIT-FOR returns."
+  (when (and (not nnheader-callback-function)
+            (not nntp-inhibit-output))
+    (nntp-erase-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+  (let* ((command (mapconcat 'identity strings " "))
+        (process (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer))
+        (buffer (and process (process-buffer process)))
+        (pos (and buffer (with-current-buffer buffer (point)))))
+    (if process
+       (prog1
+           (nntp-retrieve-data command
+                               nntp-address nntp-port-number
+                               nntp-server-buffer
+                               wait-for nnheader-callback-function t)
+         ;; If nothing to wait for, still remove possibly echo'ed commands
+         (unless wait-for
+           (nntp-accept-response)
+           (with-current-buffer buffer
+             (goto-char pos)
+             (if (looking-at (regexp-quote command))
+                 (delete-region pos (progn (forward-line 1) (point-at-bol))))
+             )))
+      (nnheader-report 'nntp "Couldn't open connection to %s."
+                      nntp-address))))
+
+
+(defun nntp-send-buffer (wait-for)
+  "Send the current buffer to server and wait until WAIT-FOR returns."
+  (when (and (not nnheader-callback-function)
+            (not nntp-inhibit-output))
+    (nntp-erase-buffer
+     (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer)))
+  (nntp-encode-text)
+  ;; Make sure we did not forget to encode some of the content.
+  (assert (save-excursion (goto-char (point-min))
+                          (not (re-search-forward "[^\000-\377]" nil t))))
+  (mm-disable-multibyte)
+  (process-send-region (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer)
+                       (point-min) (point-max))
+  (nntp-retrieve-data
+   nil nntp-address nntp-port-number nntp-server-buffer
+   wait-for nnheader-callback-function))
+
+\f
+
+;;; Interface functions.
+
+(nnoo-define-basics nntp)
+
+(defsubst nntp-next-result-arrived-p ()
+  (cond
+   ;; A result that starts with a 2xx code is terminated by
+   ;; a line with only a "." on it.
+   ((eq (char-after) ?2)
+    (if (re-search-forward "\n\\.\r?\n" nil t)
+       (progn
+         ;; Some broken news servers add another dot at the end.
+         ;; Protect against inflooping there.
+         (while (looking-at "^\\.\r?\n")
+           (forward-line 1))
+         t)
+      nil))
+   ;; A result that starts with a 3xx or 4xx code is terminated
+   ;; by a newline.
+   ((looking-at "[34]")
+    (if (search-forward "\n" nil t)
+       t
+      nil))
+   ;; No result here.
+   (t
+    nil)))
+
+(defun nntp-with-open-group-function (-group -server -connectionless -bodyfun)
+  "Protect against servers that don't like clients that keep idle connections opens.
+The problem being that these servers may either close a connection or
+simply ignore any further requests on a connection.  Closed
+connections are not detected until `accept-process-output' has updated
+the `process-status'.  Dropped connections are not detected until the
+connection timeouts (which may be several minutes) or
+`nntp-connection-timeout' has expired.  When these occur
+`nntp-with-open-group', opens a new connection then re-issues the NNTP
+command whose response triggered the error."
+  (let ((nntp-report-n nntp--report-1)
+        (nntp--report-1 t)
+        (nntp-with-open-group-internal nil))
+    (while (catch 'nntp-with-open-group-error
+             ;; Open the connection to the server
+             ;; NOTE: Existing connections are NOT tested.
+             (nntp-possibly-change-group -group -server -connectionless)
+
+             (let ((-timer
+                    (and nntp-connection-timeout
+                         (run-at-time
+                          nntp-connection-timeout nil
+                          (lambda ()
+                            (let* ((-process (nntp-find-connection
+                                             nntp-server-buffer))
+                                   (-buffer  (and -process
+                                                  (process-buffer -process))))
+                              ;; When I an able to identify the
+                              ;; connection to the server AND I've
+                              ;; received NO response for
+                              ;; nntp-connection-timeout seconds.
+                              (when (and -buffer (eq 0 (buffer-size -buffer)))
+                                ;; Close the connection.  Take no
+                                ;; other action as the accept input
+                                ;; code will handle the closed
+                                ;; connection.
+                                (nntp-kill-buffer -buffer))))))))
+               (unwind-protect
+                   (setq nntp-with-open-group-internal
+                         (condition-case nil
+                             (funcall -bodyfun)
+                           (quit
+                            (unless debug-on-quit
+                              (nntp-close-server))
+                            (signal 'quit nil))))
+                 (when -timer
+                   (nnheader-cancel-timer -timer)))
+               nil))
+      (setq nntp--report-1 nntp-report-n))
+    nntp-with-open-group-internal))
+
+(defmacro nntp-with-open-group (group server &optional connectionless &rest forms)
+  "Protect against servers that don't like clients that keep idle connections opens.
+The problem being that these servers may either close a connection or
+simply ignore any further requests on a connection.  Closed
+connections are not detected until `accept-process-output' has updated
+the `process-status'.  Dropped connections are not detected until the
+connection timeouts (which may be several minutes) or
+`nntp-connection-timeout' has expired.  When these occur
+`nntp-with-open-group', opens a new connection then re-issues the NNTP
+command whose response triggered the error."
+  (declare (indent 2) (debug (form form [&optional symbolp] def-body)))
+  (when (and (listp connectionless)
+            (not (eq connectionless nil)))
+    (setq forms (cons connectionless forms)
+         connectionless nil))
+  `(nntp-with-open-group-function ,group ,server ,connectionless (lambda () ,@forms)))
+
+(deffoo nntp-retrieve-headers (articles &optional group server fetch-old)
+  "Retrieve the headers of ARTICLES."
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   group server
+   (with-current-buffer (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+     (erase-buffer)
+     (if (and (not gnus-nov-is-evil)
+              (not nntp-nov-is-evil)
+              (nntp-retrieve-headers-with-xover articles fetch-old))
+         ;; We successfully retrieved the headers via XOVER.
+         'nov
+       ;; XOVER didn't work, so we do it the hard, slow and inefficient
+       ;; way.
+       (let ((number (length articles))
+             (articles articles)
+             (count 0)
+             (received 0)
+             (last-point (point-min))
+             (buf (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+             (nntp-inhibit-erase t)
+             article)
+         ;; Send HEAD commands.
+         (while (setq article (pop articles))
+           (nntp-send-command
+            nil
+            "HEAD" (if (numberp article)
+                       (int-to-string article)
+                     ;; `articles' is either a list of article numbers
+                     ;; or a list of article IDs.
+                     article))
+           (incf count)
+           ;; Every 400 requests we have to read the stream in
+           ;; order to avoid deadlocks.
+           (when (or (null articles)    ;All requests have been sent.
+                     (zerop (% count nntp-maximum-request)))
+             (nntp-accept-response)
+             (while (progn
+                      (set-buffer buf)
+                      (goto-char last-point)
+                      ;; Count replies.
+                      (while (nntp-next-result-arrived-p)
+                        (setq last-point (point))
+                        (incf received))
+                      (< received count))
+               ;; If number of headers is greater than 100, give
+               ;;  informative messages.
+               (and (numberp nntp-large-newsgroup)
+                    (> number nntp-large-newsgroup)
+                    (zerop (% received 20))
+                    (nnheader-message 6 "NNTP: Receiving headers... %d%%"
+                                      (floor (* received 100.0) number)))
+               (nntp-accept-response))))
+         (and (numberp nntp-large-newsgroup)
+              (> number nntp-large-newsgroup)
+              (nnheader-message 6 "NNTP: Receiving headers...done"))
+
+         ;; Now all of replies are received.  Fold continuation lines.
+         (nnheader-fold-continuation-lines)
+         ;; Remove all "\r"'s.
+         (nnheader-strip-cr)
+        (nntp-copy-to-buffer nntp-server-buffer (point-min) (point-max))
+         'headers)))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-retrieve-group-data-early (server infos)
+  "Retrieve group info on INFOS."
+  (nntp-with-open-group nil server
+    (let ((buffer (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer)))
+      (unless infos
+       (with-current-buffer buffer
+         (setq nntp-retrieval-in-progress nil)))
+      (when (and buffer
+                infos
+                (with-current-buffer buffer
+                  (not nntp-retrieval-in-progress)))
+       ;; The first time this is run, this variable is `try'.  So we
+       ;; try.
+       (when (eq nntp-server-list-active-group 'try)
+         (nntp-try-list-active
+          (gnus-group-real-name (gnus-info-group (car infos)))))
+       (with-current-buffer buffer
+         (erase-buffer)
+         ;; Mark this buffer as "in use" in case we try to issue two
+         ;; retrievals from the same server.  This shouldn't happen,
+         ;; so this is mostly a sanity check.
+         (setq nntp-retrieval-in-progress t)
+         (let ((nntp-inhibit-erase t)
+               (command (if nntp-server-list-active-group
+                            "LIST ACTIVE" "GROUP")))
+           (dolist (info infos)
+             (nntp-send-command
+              nil command (gnus-group-real-name (gnus-info-group info)))))
+         (length infos))))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-finish-retrieve-group-infos (server infos count)
+  (nntp-with-open-group nil server
+    (let ((buf (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+         (method (gnus-find-method-for-group
+                  (gnus-info-group (car infos))
+                  (car infos)))
+         (received 0)
+         (last-point 1))
+      (with-current-buffer buf
+       (setq nntp-retrieval-in-progress nil))
+      (when (and buf
+                count)
+       (with-current-buffer buf
+         (while (and (gnus-buffer-live-p buf)
+                     (progn
+                       (goto-char last-point)
+                       ;; Count replies.
+                       (while (re-search-forward
+                               (if nntp-server-list-active-group
+                                   "^[.]"
+                                 "^[0-9]")
+                               nil t)
+                         (incf received))
+                       (setq last-point (point))
+                       (< received count)))
+           (nntp-accept-response))
+         ;; We now have all the entries.  Remove CRs.
+         (nnheader-strip-cr)
+         (if (not nntp-server-list-active-group)
+             (progn
+               (nntp-copy-to-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+                                    (point-min) (point-max))
+               (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+                 (gnus-groups-to-gnus-format method gnus-active-hashtb t)))
+           ;; We have read active entries, so we just delete the
+           ;; superfluous gunk.
+           (goto-char (point-min))
+           (while (re-search-forward "^[.2-5]" nil t)
+             (delete-region (match-beginning 0)
+                            (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
+           (nntp-copy-to-buffer nntp-server-buffer (point-min) (point-max))
+           (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+             (gnus-active-to-gnus-format
+              ;; Kludge to use the extended method name if you have
+              ;; an extended one.
+              (if (consp (gnus-info-method (car infos)))
+                  (gnus-info-method (car infos))
+                method)
+              gnus-active-hashtb nil t))))))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-retrieve-groups (groups &optional server)
+  "Retrieve group info on GROUPS."
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   nil server
+   (when (and (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+             (with-current-buffer
+                 (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+               (if (not nntp-retrieval-in-progress)
+                   t
+                 (message "Warning: Refusing to do retrieval from %s because a retrieval is already happening"
+                          server)
+                 nil)))
+     (catch 'done
+       (save-excursion
+         ;; Erase nntp-server-buffer before nntp-inhibit-erase.
+        (nntp-erase-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+         (set-buffer (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+         ;; The first time this is run, this variable is `try'.  So we
+         ;; try.
+         (when (eq nntp-server-list-active-group 'try)
+           (nntp-try-list-active (car groups)))
+         (erase-buffer)
+         (let ((count 0)
+               (groups groups)
+               (received 0)
+               (last-point (point-min))
+               (nntp-inhibit-erase t)
+               (buf (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+               (command (if nntp-server-list-active-group
+                            "LIST ACTIVE" "GROUP")))
+           (while groups
+             ;; Timeout may have killed the buffer.
+             (unless (gnus-buffer-live-p buf)
+               (nnheader-report 'nntp "Connection to %s is closed." server)
+               (throw 'done nil))
+             ;; Send the command to the server.
+             (nntp-send-command nil command (pop groups))
+             (incf count)
+             ;; Every 400 requests we have to read the stream in
+             ;; order to avoid deadlocks.
+             (when (or (null groups)    ;All requests have been sent.
+                       (zerop (% count nntp-maximum-request)))
+               (nntp-accept-response)
+               (while (and (gnus-buffer-live-p buf)
+                           (progn
+                             ;; Search `blue moon' in this file for the
+                             ;; reason why set-buffer here.
+                             (set-buffer buf)
+                             (goto-char last-point)
+                             ;; Count replies.
+                             (while (re-search-forward "^[0-9]" nil t)
+                               (incf received))
+                             (setq last-point (point))
+                             (< received count)))
+                 (nntp-accept-response))))
+
+           ;; Wait for the reply from the final command.
+           (unless (gnus-buffer-live-p buf)
+             (nnheader-report 'nntp "Connection to %s is closed." server)
+             (throw 'done nil))
+           (set-buffer buf)
+           (goto-char (point-max))
+           (re-search-backward "^[0-9]" nil t)
+           (when (looking-at "^[23]")
+             (while (and (gnus-buffer-live-p buf)
+                         (progn
+                           (set-buffer buf)
+                           (goto-char (point-max))
+                           (if (not nntp-server-list-active-group)
+                               (not (re-search-backward "\r?\n"
+                                                       (- (point) 3) t))
+                             (not (re-search-backward "^\\.\r?\n"
+                                                      (- (point) 4) t)))))
+               (nntp-accept-response)))
+
+           ;; Now all replies are received.  We remove CRs.
+           (unless (gnus-buffer-live-p buf)
+             (nnheader-report 'nntp "Connection to %s is closed." server)
+             (throw 'done nil))
+           (set-buffer buf)
+           (goto-char (point-min))
+           (while (search-forward "\r" nil t)
+             (replace-match "" t t))
+
+           (if (not nntp-server-list-active-group)
+               (progn
+                (nntp-copy-to-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+                                     (point-min) (point-max))
+                 'group)
+             ;; We have read active entries, so we just delete the
+             ;; superfluous gunk.
+             (goto-char (point-min))
+             (while (re-search-forward "^[.2-5]" nil t)
+               (delete-region (match-beginning 0)
+                              (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
+            (nntp-copy-to-buffer nntp-server-buffer (point-min) (point-max))
+             'active)))))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-retrieve-articles (articles &optional group server)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+    group server
+   (save-excursion
+     (let ((number (length articles))
+           (articles articles)
+           (count 0)
+           (received 0)
+           (last-point (point-min))
+           (buf (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+           (nntp-inhibit-erase t)
+           (map (apply 'vector articles))
+           (point 1)
+           article)
+       (set-buffer buf)
+       (erase-buffer)
+       ;; Send ARTICLE command.
+       (while (setq article (pop articles))
+         (nntp-send-command
+          nil
+          "ARTICLE" (if (numberp article)
+                        (int-to-string article)
+                      ;; `articles' is either a list of article numbers
+                      ;; or a list of article IDs.
+                      article))
+         (incf count)
+         ;; Every 400 requests we have to read the stream in
+         ;; order to avoid deadlocks.
+         (when (or (null articles)     ;All requests have been sent.
+                   (zerop (% count nntp-maximum-request)))
+           (nntp-accept-response)
+           (while (progn
+                    (set-buffer buf)
+                    (goto-char last-point)
+                    ;; Count replies.
+                    (while (nntp-next-result-arrived-p)
+                      (aset map received (cons (aref map received) (point)))
+                      (setq last-point (point))
+                      (incf received))
+                    (< received count))
+             ;; If number of headers is greater than 100, give
+             ;;  informative messages.
+             (and (numberp nntp-large-newsgroup)
+                  (> number nntp-large-newsgroup)
+                  (zerop (% received 20))
+                  (nnheader-message 6 "NNTP: Receiving articles... %d%%"
+                                    (floor (* received 100.0) number)))
+             (nntp-accept-response))))
+       (and (numberp nntp-large-newsgroup)
+            (> number nntp-large-newsgroup)
+            (nnheader-message 6 "NNTP: Receiving articles...done"))
+
+       ;; Now we have all the responses.  We go through the results,
+       ;; wash it and copy it over to the server buffer.
+       (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+       (erase-buffer)
+       (setq last-point (point-min))
+       (mapcar
+        (lambda (entry)
+          (narrow-to-region
+           (setq point (goto-char (point-max)))
+           (progn
+            (nnheader-insert-buffer-substring buf last-point (cdr entry))
+             (point-max)))
+          (setq last-point (cdr entry))
+          (nntp-decode-text)
+          (widen)
+          (cons (car entry) point))
+        map)))))
+
+(defun nntp-try-list-active (group)
+  (nntp-list-active-group group)
+  (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (cond ((or (eobp)
+              (looking-at "5[0-9]+"))
+          (setq nntp-server-list-active-group nil))
+         (t
+          (setq nntp-server-list-active-group t)))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-list-active-group (group &optional server)
+  "Return the active info on GROUP (which can be a regexp)."
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   nil server
+   (nntp-send-command "^\\.*\r?\n" "LIST ACTIVE" group)))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-group-articles (group &optional server)
+  "Return the list of existing articles in GROUP."
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   nil server
+   (nntp-send-command "^\\.*\r?\n" "LISTGROUP" group)))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-article (article &optional group server buffer command)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+      group server
+    (when (nntp-send-command-and-decode
+           "\r?\n\\.\r?\n" "ARTICLE"
+           (if (numberp article) (int-to-string article) article))
+      (when (and buffer
+                (not (equal buffer nntp-server-buffer)))
+       (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+         (copy-to-buffer buffer (point-min) (point-max))))
+      (nntp-find-group-and-number group))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-head (article &optional group server)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   group server
+   (when (nntp-send-command
+          "\r?\n\\.\r?\n" "HEAD"
+          (if (numberp article) (int-to-string article) article))
+     (prog1
+         (nntp-find-group-and-number group)
+       (nntp-decode-text)))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-body (article &optional group server)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   group server
+   (nntp-send-command-and-decode
+    "\r?\n\\.\r?\n" "BODY"
+    (if (numberp article) (int-to-string article) article))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-group (group &optional server dont-check info)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+    nil server
+    (when (nntp-send-command "^[245].*\n" "GROUP" group)
+      (let ((entry (nntp-find-connection-entry nntp-server-buffer)))
+        (setcar (cddr entry) group)))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-close-group (group &optional server)
+  t)
+
+(deffoo nntp-server-opened (&optional server)
+  "Say whether a connection to SERVER has been opened."
+  (and (nnoo-current-server-p 'nntp server)
+       nntp-server-buffer
+       (gnus-buffer-live-p nntp-server-buffer)
+       (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer)))
+
+(deffoo nntp-open-server (server &optional defs connectionless)
+  (nnheader-init-server-buffer)
+  (if (nntp-server-opened server)
+      t
+    (when (or (stringp (car defs))
+             (numberp (car defs)))
+      (setq defs (cons (list 'nntp-port-number (car defs)) (cdr defs))))
+    (unless (assq 'nntp-address defs)
+      (setq defs (append defs (list (list 'nntp-address server)))))
+    (nnoo-change-server 'nntp server defs)
+    (if connectionless
+       t
+      (or (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer)
+         (nntp-open-connection nntp-server-buffer)))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-close-server (&optional server)
+  (nntp-possibly-change-group nil server t)
+  (let ((process (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer)))
+    (while process
+      (when (memq (process-status process) '(open run))
+       (ignore-errors
+         (nntp-send-string process "QUIT")
+         (unless (eq nntp-open-connection-function 'nntp-open-network-stream)
+           ;; Ok, this is evil, but when using telnet and stuff
+           ;; as the connection method, it's important that the
+           ;; QUIT command actually is sent out before we kill
+           ;; the process.
+           (sleep-for 1))))
+      (nntp-kill-buffer (process-buffer process))
+      (setq process (car (pop nntp-connection-alist))))
+    (nnoo-close-server 'nntp)))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-close ()
+  (let (process)
+    (while (setq process (pop nntp-connection-list))
+      (when (memq (process-status process) '(open run))
+       (ignore-errors
+         (nntp-send-string process "QUIT")
+         (unless (eq nntp-open-connection-function 'nntp-open-network-stream)
+           ;; Ok, this is evil, but when using telnet and stuff
+           ;; as the connection method, it's important that the
+           ;; QUIT command actually is sent out before we kill
+           ;; the process.
+           (sleep-for 1))))
+      (nntp-kill-buffer (process-buffer process)))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-list (&optional server)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   nil server
+   (nntp-send-command-and-decode "\r?\n\\.\r?\n" "LIST")))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-list-newsgroups (&optional server)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   nil server
+   (nntp-send-command "\r?\n\\.\r?\n" "LIST NEWSGROUPS")))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-newgroups (date &optional server)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   nil server
+   (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+     (let* ((time (date-to-time date))
+            (ls (- (cadr time) (nth 8 (decode-time time)))))
+       (cond ((< ls 0)
+              (setcar time (1- (car time)))
+              (setcar (cdr time) (+ ls 65536)))
+             ((>= ls 65536)
+              (setcar time (1+ (car time)))
+              (setcar (cdr time) (- ls 65536)))
+             (t
+              (setcar (cdr time) ls)))
+       (prog1
+           (nntp-send-command
+            "^\\.\r?\n" "NEWGROUPS"
+            (format-time-string "%y%m%d %H%M%S" time)
+            "GMT")
+         (nntp-decode-text))))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-post (&optional server)
+  (nntp-with-open-group
+   nil server
+   (when (nntp-send-command "^[23].*\r?\n" "POST")
+     (let ((response (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+                       nntp-process-response))
+           server-id)
+       (when (and response
+                  (string-match "^[23].*\\(<[^\t\n @<>]+@[^\t\n @<>]+>\\)"
+                                response))
+         (setq server-id (match-string 1 response))
+         (narrow-to-region (goto-char (point-min))
+                           (if (search-forward "\n\n" nil t)
+                               (1- (point))
+                             (point-max)))
+         (unless (mail-fetch-field "Message-ID")
+           (goto-char (point-min))
+           (insert "Message-ID: " server-id "\n"))
+         (widen))
+       (run-hooks 'nntp-prepare-post-hook)
+       (nntp-send-buffer "^[23].*\n")))))
+
+(deffoo nntp-request-type (group article)
+  'news)
+
+(deffoo nntp-asynchronous-p ()
+  t)
+
+
+;;; Hooky functions.
+
+(defun nntp-send-mode-reader ()
+  "Send the MODE READER command to the nntp server.
+This function is supposed to be called from `nntp-server-opened-hook'.
+It will make innd servers spawn an nnrpd process to allow actual article
+reading."
+  (nntp-send-command "^.*\n" "MODE READER"))
+
+(declare-function netrc-parse "netrc" (&optional file))
+(declare-function netrc-machine "netrc"
+                 (list machine &optional port defaultport))
+(declare-function netrc-get "netrc" (alist type))
+
+(defun nntp-send-authinfo (&optional send-if-force)
+  "Send the AUTHINFO to the nntp server.
+It will look in the \"~/.authinfo\" file for matching entries.  If
+nothing suitable is found there, it will prompt for a user name
+and a password.
+
+If SEND-IF-FORCE, only send authinfo to the server if the
+.authinfo file has the FORCE token."
+  (require 'netrc)
+  (let* ((list (netrc-parse nntp-authinfo-file))
+        (alist (netrc-machine list nntp-address "nntp"))
+         (auth-info
+          (nth 0 (auth-source-search
+                 :max 1
+                 :host (list nntp-address (nnoo-current-server 'nntp))
+                 :port `("119" "nntp" ,(format "%s" nntp-port-number)
+                         "563" "nntps" "snews"))))
+         (auth-user (plist-get auth-info :user))
+         (auth-force (plist-get auth-info :force))
+         (auth-passwd (plist-get auth-info :secret))
+         (auth-passwd (if (functionp auth-passwd)
+                          (funcall auth-passwd)
+                        auth-passwd))
+        (force (or (netrc-get alist "force")
+                    nntp-authinfo-force
+                    auth-force))
+        (user (or
+               ;; this is preferred to netrc-*
+               auth-user
+               (netrc-get alist "login")
+               nntp-authinfo-user))
+        (passwd (or
+                 ;; this is preferred to netrc-*
+                 auth-passwd
+                 (netrc-get alist "password"))))
+    (when (or (not send-if-force)
+             force)
+      (unless user
+       (setq user (read-string (format "NNTP (%s) user name: " nntp-address))
+             nntp-authinfo-user user))
+      (unless (member user '(nil ""))
+       (nntp-send-command "^3.*\r?\n" "AUTHINFO USER" user)
+       (let ((result
+              (nntp-send-command
+               "^2.*\r?\n" "AUTHINFO PASS"
+               (or passwd
+                   nntp-authinfo-password
+                   (setq nntp-authinfo-password
+                         (read-passwd (format "NNTP (%s@%s) password: "
+                                              user nntp-address)))))))
+         (if (not result)
+             (signal 'nntp-authinfo-rejected "Password rejected")
+           result))))))
+
+;;; Internal functions.
+
+(defun nntp-handle-authinfo (process)
+  "Take care of an authinfo response from the server."
+  (let ((last nntp-last-command))
+    (funcall nntp-authinfo-function)
+    ;; We have to re-send the function that was interrupted by
+    ;; the authinfo request.
+    (nntp-erase-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+    (nntp-send-string process last)))
+
+(defun nntp-make-process-buffer (buffer)
+  "Create a new, fresh buffer usable for nntp process connections."
+  (with-current-buffer
+      (generate-new-buffer
+       (format " *server %s %s %s*"
+               nntp-address nntp-port-number
+               (gnus-buffer-exists-p buffer)))
+    (mm-disable-multibyte)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'after-change-functions) nil)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'nntp-process-wait-for) nil)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'nntp-process-callback) nil)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'nntp-process-to-buffer) nil)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'nntp-process-start-point) nil)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'nntp-process-decode) nil)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'nntp-retrieval-in-progress) nil)
+    (current-buffer)))
+
+(defun nntp-open-connection (buffer)
+  "Open a connection to PORT on ADDRESS delivering output to BUFFER."
+  (run-hooks 'nntp-prepare-server-hook)
+  (let* ((pbuffer (nntp-make-process-buffer buffer))
+        (timer
+         (and nntp-connection-timeout
+              (run-at-time
+               nntp-connection-timeout nil
+               `(lambda ()
+                  (nntp-kill-buffer ,pbuffer)))))
+        (process
+         (condition-case err
+             (let ((coding-system-for-read 'binary)
+                   (coding-system-for-write 'binary)
+                   (map '((nntp-open-network-stream network)
+                          (network-only plain) ; compat
+                          (nntp-open-plain-stream plain)
+                          (nntp-open-ssl-stream tls)
+                          (nntp-open-tls-stream tls))))
+               (if (assoc nntp-open-connection-function map)
+                   (open-protocol-stream
+                    "nntpd" pbuffer nntp-address nntp-port-number
+                    :type (cadr (assoc nntp-open-connection-function map))
+                    :end-of-command "^\\([2345]\\|[.]\\).*\n"
+                    :capability-command "HELP\r\n"
+                    :success "^3"
+                    :starttls-function
+                    (lambda (capabilities)
+                      (if (not (string-match "STARTTLS" capabilities))
+                          nil
+                        "STARTTLS\r\n")))
+                 (funcall nntp-open-connection-function pbuffer)))
+           (error
+            (nnheader-report 'nntp ">>> %s" err))
+           (quit
+            (message "Quit opening connection to %s" nntp-address)
+            (nntp-kill-buffer pbuffer)
+            (signal 'quit nil)
+            nil))))
+    (when timer
+      (nnheader-cancel-timer timer))
+    (when (and process
+              (not (memq (process-status process) '(open run))))
+      (with-current-buffer pbuffer
+       (goto-char (point-min))
+       (nnheader-report 'nntp "Error when connecting: %s"
+                        (buffer-substring (point) (line-end-position))))
+      (setq process nil))
+    (unless process
+      (nntp-kill-buffer pbuffer))
+    (when (and (buffer-name pbuffer)
+              process)
+      (when (and (fboundp 'set-network-process-option) ;; Unavailable in XEmacs.
+                (fboundp 'process-type) ;; Emacs 22 doesn't provide it.
+                 (eq (process-type process) 'network))
+        ;; Use TCP-keepalive so that connections that pass through a NAT router
+        ;; don't hang when left idle.
+        (set-network-process-option process :keepalive t))
+      (gnus-set-process-query-on-exit-flag process nil)
+      (if (and (nntp-wait-for process "^2.*\n" buffer nil t)
+              (memq (process-status process) '(open run)))
+         (prog1
+             (caar (push (list process buffer nil) nntp-connection-alist))
+           (push process nntp-connection-list)
+           (with-current-buffer pbuffer
+             (nntp-read-server-type)
+             (erase-buffer)
+             (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+             (let ((nnheader-callback-function nil))
+               (run-hooks 'nntp-server-opened-hook)
+               (nntp-send-authinfo t))))
+       (nntp-kill-buffer (process-buffer process))
+       nil))))
+
+(defun nntp-read-server-type ()
+  "Find out what the name of the server we have connected to is."
+  ;; Wait for the status string to arrive.
+  (setq nntp-server-type (buffer-string))
+  (let ((case-fold-search t))
+    ;; Run server-specific commands.
+    (dolist (entry nntp-server-action-alist)
+      (when (string-match (car entry) nntp-server-type)
+       (if (and (listp (cadr entry))
+                (not (eq 'lambda (caadr entry))))
+           (eval (cadr entry))
+         (funcall (cadr entry)))))))
+
+(defun nntp-async-wait (process wait-for buffer decode callback)
+  (with-current-buffer (process-buffer process)
+    (unless nntp-inside-change-function
+      (erase-buffer))
+    (setq nntp-process-wait-for wait-for
+         nntp-process-to-buffer buffer
+         nntp-process-decode decode
+         nntp-process-callback callback
+         nntp-process-start-point (point-max))
+    (setq after-change-functions '(nntp-after-change-function))))
+
+(defun nntp-async-stop (proc)
+  (setq nntp-async-process-list (delq proc nntp-async-process-list))
+  (when (and nntp-async-timer (not nntp-async-process-list))
+    (nnheader-cancel-timer nntp-async-timer)
+    (setq nntp-async-timer nil)))
+
+(defun nntp-after-change-function (beg end len)
+  (unwind-protect
+      ;; we only care about insertions at eob
+      (when (and (eq 0 len) (eq (point-max) end))
+       (save-match-data
+         (let ((proc (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))))
+           (when proc
+             (nntp-async-trigger proc)))))
+    ;; any throw from after-change-functions will leave it
+    ;; set to nil.  so we reset it here, if necessary.
+    (when quit-flag
+      (setq after-change-functions '(nntp-after-change-function)))))
+
+(defun nntp-async-trigger (process)
+  (with-current-buffer (process-buffer process)
+    (when nntp-process-callback
+      ;; do we have an error message?
+      (goto-char nntp-process-start-point)
+      (if (memq (following-char) '(?4 ?5))
+         ;; wants credentials?
+         (if (looking-at "480")
+             (nntp-handle-authinfo process)
+           ;; report error message.
+           (nntp-snarf-error-message)
+           (nntp-do-callback nil))
+
+       ;; got what we expect?
+       (goto-char (point-max))
+       (when (re-search-backward
+              nntp-process-wait-for nntp-process-start-point t)
+         (let ((response (match-string 0)))
+           (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+             (setq nntp-process-response response)))
+         (nntp-async-stop process)
+         ;; convert it.
+         (when (gnus-buffer-exists-p nntp-process-to-buffer)
+           (let ((buf (current-buffer))
+                 (start nntp-process-start-point)
+                 (decode nntp-process-decode))
+             (with-current-buffer nntp-process-to-buffer
+               (goto-char (point-max))
+               (save-restriction
+                 (narrow-to-region (point) (point))
+                 (nnheader-insert-buffer-substring buf start)
+                 (when decode
+                   (nntp-decode-text))))))
+         ;; report it.
+         (goto-char (point-max))
+         (nntp-do-callback
+          (buffer-name (get-buffer nntp-process-to-buffer))))))))
+
+(defun nntp-do-callback (arg)
+  (let ((callback nntp-process-callback)
+       (nntp-inside-change-function t))
+    (setq nntp-process-callback nil)
+    (funcall callback arg)))
+
+(defun nntp-snarf-error-message ()
+  "Save the error message in the current buffer."
+  (let ((message (buffer-string)))
+    (while (string-match "[\r\n]+" message)
+      (setq message (replace-match " " t t message)))
+    (nnheader-report 'nntp "%s" message)
+    message))
+
+(defun nntp-accept-process-output (process)
+  "Wait for output from PROCESS and message some dots."
+  (with-current-buffer (or (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+                           nntp-server-buffer)
+    (let ((len (/ (buffer-size) 1024))
+         message-log-max)
+      (unless (< len 10)
+       (setq nntp-have-messaged t)
+       (nnheader-message 7 "nntp read: %dk" len)))
+    (prog1
+       (nnheader-accept-process-output process)
+      ;; accept-process-output may update status of process to indicate
+      ;; that the server has closed the connection.  This MUST be
+      ;; handled here as the buffer restored by the save-excursion may
+      ;; be the process's former output buffer (i.e. now killed)
+      (or (and process
+              (memq (process-status process) '(open run)))
+          (nntp-report "Server closed connection")))))
+
+(defun nntp-accept-response ()
+  "Wait for output from the process that outputs to BUFFER."
+  (nntp-accept-process-output (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer)))
+
+(defun nntp-possibly-change-group (group server &optional connectionless)
+  (let ((nnheader-callback-function nil))
+    (when server
+      (or (nntp-server-opened server)
+         (nntp-open-server server nil connectionless)))
+
+    (unless connectionless
+      (or (nntp-find-connection nntp-server-buffer)
+         (nntp-open-connection nntp-server-buffer))))
+
+  (when group
+    (let ((entry (nntp-find-connection-entry nntp-server-buffer)))
+      (cond ((not entry)
+             (nntp-report "Server closed connection"))
+            ((not (equal group (caddr entry)))
+             (with-current-buffer (process-buffer (car entry))
+               (erase-buffer)
+               (nntp-send-command "^[245].*\n" "GROUP" group)
+               (setcar (cddr entry) group)
+               (erase-buffer)
+              (nntp-erase-buffer nntp-server-buffer)))))))
+
+(defun nntp-decode-text (&optional cr-only)
+  "Decode the text in the current buffer."
+  (goto-char (point-min))
+  (while (search-forward "\r" nil t)
+    (delete-char -1))
+  (unless cr-only
+    ;; Remove trailing ".\n" end-of-transfer marker.
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (forward-line -1)
+    (when (looking-at ".\n")
+      (delete-char 2))
+    ;; Delete status line.
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (while (looking-at "[1-5][0-9][0-9] .*\n")
+      ;; For some unknown reason, there is more than one status line.
+      (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
+    ;; Remove "." -> ".." encoding.
+    (while (search-forward "\n.." nil t)
+      (delete-char -1))))
+
+(defun nntp-encode-text ()
+  "Encode the text in the current buffer."
+  (save-excursion
+    ;; Replace "." at beginning of line with "..".
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (while (re-search-forward "^\\." nil t)
+      (insert "."))
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    ;; Insert newline at the end of the buffer.
+    (unless (bolp)
+      (insert "\n"))
+    ;; Insert `.' at end of buffer (end of text mark).
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (insert ".\n")
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (while (not (eobp))
+      (end-of-line)
+      (delete-char 1)
+      (insert nntp-end-of-line))))
+
+(defun nntp-retrieve-headers-with-xover (articles &optional fetch-old)
+  (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+  (erase-buffer)
+  (cond
+
+   ;; This server does not talk NOV.
+   ((not nntp-server-xover)
+    nil)
+
+   ;; We don't care about gaps.
+   ((or (not nntp-nov-gap)
+       fetch-old)
+    (nntp-send-xover-command
+     (if fetch-old
+        (if (numberp fetch-old)
+            (max 1 (- (car articles) fetch-old))
+          1)
+       (car articles))
+     (car (last articles)) 'wait)
+
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (when (looking-at "[1-5][0-9][0-9] .*\n")
+      (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
+    (while (search-forward "\r" nil t)
+      (replace-match "" t t))
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (forward-line -1)
+    (when (looking-at "\\.")
+      (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point)))))
+
+   ;; We do it the hard way.  For each gap, an XOVER command is sent
+   ;; to the server.  We do not wait for a reply from the server, we
+   ;; just send them off as fast as we can.  That means that we have
+   ;; to count the number of responses we get back to find out when we
+   ;; have gotten all we asked for.
+   ((numberp nntp-nov-gap)
+    (let ((count 0)
+         (received 0)
+         last-point
+         in-process-buffer-p
+         (buf nntp-server-buffer)
+         (process-buffer (nntp-find-connection-buffer nntp-server-buffer))
+         first last status)
+      ;; We have to check `nntp-server-xover'.  If it gets set to nil,
+      ;; that means that the server does not understand XOVER, but we
+      ;; won't know that until we try.
+      (while (and nntp-server-xover articles)
+       (setq first (car articles))
+       ;; Search forward until we find a gap, or until we run out of
+       ;; articles.
+       (while (and (cdr articles)
+                   (< (- (nth 1 articles) (car articles)) nntp-nov-gap))
+         (setq articles (cdr articles)))
+
+       (setq in-process-buffer-p (stringp nntp-server-xover))
+        (nntp-send-xover-command first (setq last (car articles)))
+        (setq articles (cdr articles))
+
+       (when (and nntp-server-xover in-process-buffer-p)
+         ;; Don't count tried request.
+         (setq count (1+ count))
+
+         ;; Every 400 requests we have to read the stream in
+         ;; order to avoid deadlocks.
+         (when (or (null articles)     ;All requests have been sent.
+                   (= 1 (% count nntp-maximum-request)))
+
+           (nntp-accept-response)
+           ;; On some Emacs versions the preceding function has a
+           ;; tendency to change the buffer.  Perhaps.  It's quite
+           ;; difficult to reproduce, because it only seems to happen
+           ;; once in a blue moon.
+           (set-buffer process-buffer)
+           (while (progn
+                    (goto-char (or last-point (point-min)))
+                    ;; Count replies.
+                    (while (re-search-forward "^\\([0-9][0-9][0-9]\\) .*\n"
+                                              nil t)
+                      (incf received)
+                      (setq status (match-string 1))
+                      (if (string-match "^[45]" status)
+                          (setq status 'error)
+                        (setq status 'ok)))
+                    (setq last-point (point))
+                    (or (< received count)
+                        (if (eq status 'error)
+                            nil
+                          ;; I haven't started reading the final response
+                          (progn
+                            (goto-char (point-max))
+                            (forward-line -1)
+                            (not (looking-at "^\\.\r?\n"))))))
+             ;; I haven't read the end of the final response
+             (nntp-accept-response)
+             (set-buffer process-buffer))))
+
+        ;; Some nntp servers seem to have an extension to the XOVER
+        ;; extension.  On these servers, requesting an article range
+        ;; preceding the active range does not return an error as
+        ;; specified in the RFC.  What we instead get is the NOV entry
+        ;; for the first available article.  Obviously, a client can
+        ;; use that entry to avoid making unnecessary requests.  The
+        ;; only problem is for a client that assumes that the response
+        ;; will always be within the requested range.  For such a
+        ;; client, we can get N copies of the same entry (one for each
+        ;; XOVER command sent to the server).
+
+        (when (<= count 1)
+          (goto-char (point-min))
+          (when (re-search-forward "^[0-9][0-9][0-9] .*\n\\([0-9]+\\)" nil t)
+            (let ((low-limit (string-to-number
+                             (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
+                                               (match-end 1)))))
+              (while (and articles (<= (car articles) low-limit))
+                (setq articles (cdr articles))))))
+        (set-buffer buf))
+
+      (when nntp-server-xover
+       (when in-process-buffer-p
+         (set-buffer buf)
+         (goto-char (point-max))
+         (nnheader-insert-buffer-substring process-buffer)
+         (set-buffer process-buffer)
+         (erase-buffer)
+         (set-buffer buf))
+
+       ;; We remove any "." lines and status lines.
+       (goto-char (point-min))
+       (while (search-forward "\r" nil t)
+         (delete-char -1))
+       (goto-char (point-min))
+       (delete-matching-lines "^\\.$\\|^[1-5][0-9][0-9] ")
+       t))))
+
+  nntp-server-xover)
+
+(defun nntp-send-xover-command (beg end &optional wait-for-reply)
+  "Send the XOVER command to the server."
+  (let ((range (format "%d-%d" beg end))
+       (nntp-inhibit-erase t))
+    (if (stringp nntp-server-xover)
+       ;; If `nntp-server-xover' is a string, then we just send this
+       ;; command.
+       (if wait-for-reply
+           (nntp-send-command-nodelete
+            "\r?\n\\.\r?\n" nntp-server-xover range)
+         ;; We do not wait for the reply.
+         (nntp-send-command-nodelete nil nntp-server-xover range))
+      (let ((commands nntp-xover-commands))
+       ;; `nntp-xover-commands' is a list of possible XOVER commands.
+       ;; We try them all until we get at positive response.
+       (while (and commands (eq nntp-server-xover 'try))
+         (nntp-send-command-nodelete "\r?\n\\.\r?\n" (car commands) range)
+         (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
+           (goto-char (point-min))
+           (and (looking-at "[23]")    ; No error message.
+                ;; We also have to look at the lines.  Some buggy
+                ;; servers give back simple lines with just the
+                ;; article number.  How... helpful.
+                (progn
+                  (forward-line 1)
+                  ;; More text after number, or a dot.
+                  (looking-at "[0-9]+\t...\\|\\.\r?\n"))
+                (setq nntp-server-xover (car commands))))
+         (setq commands (cdr commands)))
+       ;; If none of the commands worked, we disable XOVER.
+       (when (eq nntp-server-xover 'try)
+         (nntp-erase-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+         (setq nntp-server-xover nil))
+        nntp-server-xover))))
+
+(defun nntp-find-group-and-number (&optional group)
+  (save-excursion
+    (save-restriction
+      ;; FIXME: This is REALLY FISHY: set-buffer after save-restriction?!?
+      (set-buffer nntp-server-buffer)
+      (narrow-to-region (goto-char (point-min))
+                       (or (search-forward "\n\n" nil t) (point-max)))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      ;; We first find the number by looking at the status line.
+      (let ((number (and (looking-at "2[0-9][0-9] +\\([0-9]+\\) ")
+                        (string-to-number
+                         (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
+                                           (match-end 1)))))
+           newsgroups xref)
+       (and number (zerop number) (setq number nil))
+       (if number
+           ;; Then we find the group name.
+           (setq group
+                 (cond
+                  ;; If there is only one group in the Newsgroups
+                  ;; header, then it seems quite likely that this
+                  ;; article comes from that group, I'd say.
+                  ((and (setq newsgroups
+                              (mail-fetch-field "newsgroups"))
+                        (not (string-match "," newsgroups)))
+                   newsgroups)
+                  ;; If there is more than one group in the
+                  ;; Newsgroups header, then the Xref header should
+                  ;; be filled out.  We hazard a guess that the group
+                  ;; that has this article number in the Xref header
+                  ;; is the one we are looking for.  This might very
+                  ;; well be wrong if this article happens to have
+                  ;; the same number in several groups, but that's
+                  ;; life.
+                  ((and (setq xref (mail-fetch-field "xref"))
+                        number
+                        (string-match
+                         (format "\\([^ :]+\\):%d" number) xref))
+                   (match-string 1 xref))
+                  (t "")))
+         (cond
+          ((and (not nntp-xref-number-is-evil)
+                (setq xref (mail-fetch-field "xref"))
+                (string-match
+                 (if group
+                     (concat "\\(" (regexp-quote group) "\\):\\([0-9]+\\)")
+                   "\\([^ :]+\\):\\([0-9]+\\)")
+                 xref))
+           (setq group (match-string 1 xref)
+                 number (string-to-number (match-string 2 xref))))
+          ((and (setq newsgroups
+                      (mail-fetch-field "newsgroups"))
+                (not (string-match "," newsgroups)))
+           (setq group newsgroups))
+          (group)
+          (t (setq group ""))))
+       (when (string-match "\r" group)
+         (setq group (substring group 0 (match-beginning 0))))
+       (cons group number)))))
+
+(defun nntp-wait-for-string (regexp)
+  "Wait until string arrives in the buffer."
+  (let ((buf (current-buffer))
+       proc)
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (while (and (setq proc (get-buffer-process buf))
+               (memq (process-status proc) '(open run))
+               (not (re-search-forward regexp nil t)))
+      (accept-process-output proc 0.1)
+      (set-buffer buf)
+      (goto-char (point-min)))))
+
+
+;; ==========================================================================
+;; Obsolete nntp-open-* connection methods -- drv
+;; ==========================================================================
+
+(defvoo nntp-open-telnet-envuser nil
+  "*If non-nil, telnet session (client and server both) will support the ENVIRON option and not prompt for login name.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-telnet-shell-prompt "bash\\|[$>] *\r?$"
+  "*Regular expression to match the shell prompt on the remote machine.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-rlogin-program "rsh"
+  "*Program used to log in on remote machines.
+The default is \"rsh\", but \"ssh\" is a popular alternative.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-rlogin-parameters '("telnet" "-8" "${NNTPSERVER:=news}" "nntp")
+  "*Parameters to `nntp-open-rlogin'.
+That function may be used as `nntp-open-connection-function'.  In that
+case, this list will be used as the parameter list given to rsh.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-rlogin-user-name nil
+  "*User name on remote system when using the rlogin connect method.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-telnet-parameters
+    '("exec" "telnet" "-8" "${NNTPSERVER:=news}" "nntp")
+  "*Parameters to `nntp-open-telnet'.
+That function may be used as `nntp-open-connection-function'.  In that
+case, this list will be executed as a command after logging in
+via telnet.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-telnet-user-name nil
+  "User name to log in via telnet with.")
+
+(defvoo nntp-telnet-passwd nil
+  "Password to use to log in via telnet with.")
+
+(defun nntp-service-to-port (svc)
+  (cond
+   ((integerp svc) (number-to-string svc))
+   ((string-match "\\`[0-9]+\\'" svc) svc)
+   (t
+    (with-temp-buffer
+      (ignore-errors (insert-file-contents "/etc/services"))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (if (re-search-forward (concat "^" (regexp-quote svc)
+                                     "[ \t]+\\([0-9]+\\)/tcp"))
+          (match-string 1)
+        svc)))))
+
+(defun nntp-open-telnet (buffer)
+  (with-current-buffer buffer
+    (erase-buffer)
+    (let ((proc (apply
+                'start-process
+                "nntpd" buffer nntp-telnet-command nntp-telnet-switches))
+         (case-fold-search t))
+      (when (memq (process-status proc) '(open run))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^r?telnet")
+       (process-send-string proc "set escape \^X\n")
+       (cond
+        ((and nntp-open-telnet-envuser nntp-telnet-user-name)
+         (process-send-string proc (concat "open " "-l" nntp-telnet-user-name
+                                           nntp-address "\n")))
+        (t
+         (process-send-string proc (concat "open " nntp-address "\n"))))
+       (cond
+        ((not nntp-open-telnet-envuser)
+         (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*.?login:")
+         (process-send-string
+          proc (concat
+                (or nntp-telnet-user-name
+                    (setq nntp-telnet-user-name (read-string "login: ")))
+                "\n"))))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*.?password:")
+       (process-send-string
+        proc (concat
+              (or nntp-telnet-passwd
+                  (setq nntp-telnet-passwd
+                        (read-passwd "Password: ")))
+              "\n"))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string nntp-telnet-shell-prompt)
+       (process-send-string
+        proc (concat (mapconcat 'identity nntp-telnet-parameters " ") "\n"))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*20[01]")
+       (beginning-of-line)
+       (delete-region (point-min) (point))
+       (process-send-string proc "\^]")
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^r?telnet")
+       (process-send-string proc "mode character\n")
+       (accept-process-output proc 1)
+       (sit-for 1)
+       (goto-char (point-min))
+       (forward-line 1)
+       (delete-region (point) (point-max)))
+      proc)))
+
+(defun nntp-open-rlogin (buffer)
+  "Open a connection to SERVER using rsh."
+  (let ((proc (if nntp-rlogin-user-name
+                 (apply 'start-process
+                        "nntpd" buffer nntp-rlogin-program
+                        nntp-address "-l" nntp-rlogin-user-name
+                        nntp-rlogin-parameters)
+               (apply 'start-process
+                      "nntpd" buffer nntp-rlogin-program nntp-address
+                      nntp-rlogin-parameters))))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*20[01]")
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (delete-region (point-min) (point))
+      proc)))
+
+
+;; ==========================================================================
+;; Replacements for the nntp-open-* functions -- drv
+;; ==========================================================================
+
+(defun nntp-open-telnet-stream (buffer)
+  "Open a nntp connection by telnet'ing the news server.
+`nntp-open-netcat-stream' is recommended in place of this function
+because it is more reliable.
+
+Please refer to the following variables to customize the connection:
+- `nntp-pre-command',
+- `nntp-telnet-command',
+- `nntp-telnet-switches',
+- `nntp-address',
+- `nntp-port-number',
+- `nntp-end-of-line'."
+  (let ((command `(,nntp-telnet-command
+                  ,@nntp-telnet-switches
+                  ,nntp-address
+                  ,(nntp-service-to-port nntp-port-number)))
+       proc)
+    (and nntp-pre-command
+        (push nntp-pre-command command))
+    (setq proc (apply 'start-process "nntpd" buffer command))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*20[01]")
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (delete-region (point-min) (point))
+      proc)))
+
+(defun nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet (buffer)
+  "Open a connection to an nntp server through an intermediate host.
+First rlogin to the remote host, and then telnet the real news server
+from there.
+`nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat' is recommended in place of this function
+because it is more reliable.
+
+Please refer to the following variables to customize the connection:
+- `nntp-pre-command',
+- `nntp-via-rlogin-command',
+- `nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches',
+- `nntp-via-user-name',
+- `nntp-via-address',
+- `nntp-telnet-command',
+- `nntp-telnet-switches',
+- `nntp-address',
+- `nntp-port-number',
+- `nntp-end-of-line'."
+  (let ((command `(,nntp-via-address
+                  ,nntp-telnet-command
+                  ,@nntp-telnet-switches))
+       proc)
+    (when nntp-via-user-name
+      (setq command `("-l" ,nntp-via-user-name ,@command)))
+    (when nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches
+      (setq command (append nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches command)))
+    (push nntp-via-rlogin-command command)
+    (and nntp-pre-command
+        (push nntp-pre-command command))
+    (setq proc (apply 'start-process "nntpd" buffer command))
+    (with-current-buffer buffer
+      (nntp-wait-for-string "^r?telnet")
+      (process-send-string proc (concat "open " nntp-address " "
+                                       (nntp-service-to-port nntp-port-number)
+                                       "\n"))
+      (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*20[01]")
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (delete-region (point-min) (point))
+      (process-send-string proc "\^]")
+      (nntp-wait-for-string "^r?telnet")
+      (process-send-string proc "mode character\n")
+      (accept-process-output proc 1)
+      (sit-for 1)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (forward-line 1)
+      (delete-region (point) (point-max)))
+    proc))
+
+(defun nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat (buffer)
+  "Open a connection to an nntp server through an intermediate host.
+First rlogin to the remote host, and then connect to the real news
+server from there using the netcat command.
+
+Please refer to the following variables to customize the connection:
+- `nntp-pre-command',
+- `nntp-via-rlogin-command',
+- `nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches',
+- `nntp-via-user-name',
+- `nntp-via-address',
+- `nntp-netcat-command',
+- `nntp-netcat-switches',
+- `nntp-address',
+- `nntp-port-number'."
+  (let ((command `(,@(when nntp-pre-command
+                      (list nntp-pre-command))
+                  ,nntp-via-rlogin-command
+                  ,@nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches
+                  ,@(when nntp-via-user-name
+                      (list "-l" nntp-via-user-name))
+                  ,nntp-via-address
+                  ,nntp-netcat-command
+                  ,@nntp-netcat-switches
+                  ,nntp-address
+                  ,(nntp-service-to-port nntp-port-number))))
+    ;; A non-nil connection type results in mightily odd behavior where
+    ;; (process-send-string proc "\^M") ends up sending a "\n" to the
+    ;; ssh process.  --Stef
+    ;; Also a nil connection allow ssh-askpass to work under X11.
+    (let ((process-connection-type nil))
+      (apply 'start-process "nntpd" buffer command))))
+
+(defun nntp-open-netcat-stream (buffer)
+  "Open a connection to an nntp server through netcat.
+I.e. use the `nc' command rather than Emacs's builtin networking code.
+
+Please refer to the following variables to customize the connection:
+- `nntp-pre-command',
+- `nntp-netcat-command',
+- `nntp-netcat-switches',
+- `nntp-address',
+- `nntp-port-number'."
+  (let ((command `(,nntp-netcat-command
+                  ,@nntp-netcat-switches
+                   ,nntp-address
+                   ,(nntp-service-to-port nntp-port-number))))
+    (and nntp-pre-command (push nntp-pre-command command))
+    (let ((process-connection-type nil)) ;See `nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat'.
+      (apply 'start-process "nntpd" buffer command))))
+
+
+(defun nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet (buffer)
+  "Open a connection to an nntp server through an intermediate host.
+First telnet the remote host, and then telnet the real news server
+from there.
+
+Please refer to the following variables to customize the connection:
+- `nntp-pre-command',
+- `nntp-via-telnet-command',
+- `nntp-via-telnet-switches',
+- `nntp-via-address',
+- `nntp-via-envuser',
+- `nntp-via-user-name',
+- `nntp-via-user-password',
+- `nntp-via-shell-prompt',
+- `nntp-telnet-command',
+- `nntp-telnet-switches',
+- `nntp-address',
+- `nntp-port-number',
+- `nntp-end-of-line'."
+  (with-current-buffer buffer
+    (erase-buffer)
+    (let ((command `(,nntp-via-telnet-command ,@nntp-via-telnet-switches))
+         (case-fold-search t)
+         proc)
+      (and nntp-pre-command (push nntp-pre-command command))
+      (setq proc (apply 'start-process "nntpd" buffer command))
+      (when (memq (process-status proc) '(open run))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^r?telnet")
+       (process-send-string proc "set escape \^X\n")
+       (cond
+        ((and nntp-via-envuser nntp-via-user-name)
+         (process-send-string proc (concat "open " "-l" nntp-via-user-name
+                                           nntp-via-address "\n")))
+        (t
+         (process-send-string proc (concat "open " nntp-via-address
+                                           "\n"))))
+       (when (not nntp-via-envuser)
+         (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*.?login:")
+         (process-send-string proc
+                              (concat
+                               (or nntp-via-user-name
+                                   (setq nntp-via-user-name
+                                         (read-string "login: ")))
+                               "\n")))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*.?password:")
+       (process-send-string proc
+                            (concat
+                             (or nntp-via-user-password
+                                 (setq nntp-via-user-password
+                                       (read-passwd "Password: ")))
+                             "\n"))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string nntp-via-shell-prompt)
+       (let ((real-telnet-command `("exec"
+                                    ,nntp-telnet-command
+                                    ,@nntp-telnet-switches
+                                    ,nntp-address
+                                    ,(nntp-service-to-port nntp-port-number))))
+         (process-send-string proc
+                              (concat (mapconcat 'identity
+                                                 real-telnet-command " ")
+                                      "\n")))
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^\r*20[01]")
+       (beginning-of-line)
+       (delete-region (point-min) (point))
+       (process-send-string proc "\^]")
+       (nntp-wait-for-string "^r?telnet")
+       (process-send-string proc "mode character\n")
+       (accept-process-output proc 1)
+       (sit-for 1)
+       (goto-char (point-min))
+       (forward-line 1)
+       (delete-region (point) (point-max)))
+      proc)))
+
+(provide 'nntp)
+
+;;; nntp.el ends here