* Compilation:: How to speed Gnus up.
* Mode Lines:: Displaying information in the mode lines.
* Highlighting and Menus:: Making buffers look all nice and cozy.
-* Buttons:: Get tendinitis in ten easy steps!
* Daemons:: Gnus can do things behind your back.
* Undo:: Some actions can be undone.
* Predicate Specifiers:: Specifying predicates.
* Smileys:: Show all those happy faces the way they were
meant to be shown.
* Picons:: How to display pictures of what you're reading.
+* Gravatars:: Display the avatar of people you read.
* XVarious:: Other XEmacsy Gnusey variables.
Thwarting Email Spam
If that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs
as an @acronym{NNTP} server. That's a long shot, though.
-@vindex gnus-nntp-server
-If @code{gnus-nntp-server} is set, this variable will override
-@code{gnus-select-method}. You should therefore set
-@code{gnus-nntp-server} to @code{nil}, which is what it is by default.
-
-@vindex gnus-secondary-servers
-@vindex gnus-nntp-server
-You can also make Gnus prompt you interactively for the name of an
-@acronym{NNTP} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus}
-(i.e., @kbd{C-u M-x gnus}), Gnus will let you choose between the servers
-in the @code{gnus-secondary-servers} list (if any). You can also just
-type in the name of any server you feel like visiting. (Note that this
-will set @code{gnus-nntp-server}, which means that if you then @kbd{M-x
-gnus} later in the same Emacs session, Gnus will contact the same
-server.)
-
@findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server
@kindex B (Group)
However, if you use one @acronym{NNTP} server regularly and are just
@section Subscription Commands
@cindex subscription
+The following commands allow for managing your subscriptions in the
+Group buffer. If you want to subscribe to many groups, it's probably
+more convenient to go to the @ref{Server Buffer}, and choose the
+server there using @kbd{RET} or @kbd{SPC}. Then you'll have the
+commands listed in @ref{Browse Foreign Server} at hand.
+
@table @kbd
@item S t
All groups with a level less than or equal to
@code{gnus-group-default-list-level} will be listed in the group buffer
by default.
+This variable can also be a function. In that case, that function will
+be called and the result will be used as value.
+
@vindex gnus-group-list-inactive-groups
If @code{gnus-group-list-inactive-groups} is non-@code{nil}, non-active
Top, sieve, Emacs Sieve}.
@item (agent parameters)
-If the agent has been enabled, you can set any of the its parameters
-to control the behavior of the agent in individual groups. See Agent
+If the agent has been enabled, you can set any of its parameters to
+control the behavior of the agent in individual groups. See Agent
Parameters in @ref{Category Syntax}. Most users will choose to set
agent parameters in either an agent category or group topic to
minimize the configuration effort.
server exclusively for @code{nnmairix} in your secondary select methods
(@pxref{Finding the News}). If you use a secondary @code{nnml} server
just for mairix, make sure that you explicitly set the server variable
-@code{nnml-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}, or you might loose mail
+@code{nnml-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}, or you might lose mail
(@pxref{nnmairix caveats}). If you want to use mairix remotely on an
@acronym{IMAP} server, you have to choose the corresponding
@code{nnimap} server here.
If fetching from the first site is unsuccessful, Gnus will attempt to go
through @code{gnus-group-faq-directory} and try to open them one by one.
-@item H C
-@kindex H C (Group)
-@findex gnus-group-fetch-control
-@vindex gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url
-@cindex control message
-Fetch the control messages for the group from the archive at
-@code{ftp.isc.org} (@code{gnus-group-fetch-control}). Query for a
-group if given a prefix argument.
-
-If @code{gnus-group-fetch-control-use-browse-url} is non-@code{nil},
-Gnus will open the control messages in a browser using
-@code{browse-url}. Otherwise they are fetched using @code{ange-ftp}
-and displayed in an ephemeral group.
-
-Note that the control messages are compressed. To use this command
-you need to turn on @code{auto-compression-mode} (@pxref{Compressed
-Files, ,Compressed Files, emacs, The Emacs Manual}).
-
@item H d
@itemx C-c C-d
@c @icon{gnus-group-describe-group}
@findex gnus-summary-show-article
@vindex gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist
(Re)fetch the current article (@code{gnus-summary-show-article}). If
-given a prefix, fetch the current article, but don't run any of the
-article treatment functions. This will give you a ``raw'' article, just
-the way it came from the server.
+given a prefix, show a completely ``raw'' article, just the way it
+came from the server. If given a prefix twice (i.e., @kbd{C-u C-u
+g'}), fetch the current article, but don't run any of the article
+treatment functions.
@cindex charset, view article with different charset
If given a numerical prefix, you can do semi-manual charset stuff.
like @code{\222} or @code{\264} where you're expecting some kind of
apostrophe or quotation mark, then try this wash.
+@item W U
+@kindex W U (Summary)
+@findex gnus-article-treat-non-ascii
+@cindex Unicode
+@cindex Non-@acronym{ASCII}
+Translate many non-@acronym{ASCII} characters into their
+@acronym{ASCII} equivalents (@code{gnus-article-treat-non-ascii}).
+This is mostly useful if you're on a terminal that has a limited font
+and does't show accented characters, ``advanced'' punctuation, and the
+like. For instance, @samp{ยป} is tranlated into @samp{>>}, and so on.
+
@item W Y f
@kindex W Y f (Summary)
@findex gnus-article-outlook-deuglify-article
the charset defined in @code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist}
(@pxref{Paging the Article}) will be used.
-@vindex gnus-article-wash-function
The default is to use the function specified by
@code{mm-text-html-renderer} (@pxref{Display Customization, ,Display
Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}) to convert the
-@acronym{HTML}, but this is controlled by the
-@code{gnus-article-wash-function} variable. Pre-defined functions you
-can use include:
+@acronym{HTML}. Pre-defined functions you can use include:
@table @code
-@item gnus-article-html
+@item shr
+Use Gnus simple html renderer.
+
+@item gnus-w3m
Use Gnus rendered based on w3m.
@item w3
@code{nnbabyl}, @code{nnmaildir}, @code{nnml}, are able to locate
articles from any groups, while @code{nnfolder}, and @code{nnimap} are
only able to locate articles that have been posted to the current
-group. (Anything else would be too time consuming.) @code{nnmh} does
-not support this at all.
+group. @code{nnmh} does not support this at all.
+Fortunately, the special @code{nnregistry} back end is able to locate
+articles in any groups, regardless of their back end (@pxref{Registry
+Article Refer Method, fetching by @code{Message-ID} using the
+registry}).
@node Alternative Approaches
@section Alternative Approaches
@item mm-text-html-renderer
@vindex mm-text-html-renderer
If set to @code{gnus-article-html}, Gnus will use the built-in method,
-that's based on @code{curl} and @code{w3m}.
+that's based on @code{w3m}.
@item gnus-blocked-images
@vindex gnus-blocked-images
-Images that have @acronym{URL}s that match this regexp won't be
-fetched and displayed. For instance, do block all @acronym{URL}s that
-have the string ``ads'' in them, do the following:
+External images that have @acronym{URL}s that match this regexp won't
+be fetched and displayed. For instance, do block all @acronym{URL}s
+that have the string ``ads'' in them, do the following:
@lisp
(setq gnus-blocked-images "ads")
@end lisp
-The default is to block all external images.
+This can also be a function to be evaluated. If so, it will be
+called with the group name as the parameter. The default value is
+@code{gnus-block-private-groups}, which will return @samp{"."} for
+anything that isn't a newsgroup. This means that no external images
+will be fetched as a result of reading mail, so that nobody can use
+web bugs (and the like) to track whether you've read email.
+
+Also @pxref{Misc Article} for @code{gnus-inhibit-images}.
@item gnus-html-cache-directory
@vindex gnus-html-cache-directory
(This is the default.) If @code{nil}, each group will have its own
article buffer.
+@item gnus-widen-article-window
+@cindex gnus-widen-article-window
+If non-@code{nil}, selecting the article buffer with the @kbd{h}
+command will ``widen'' the article window to take the entire frame.
+
@vindex gnus-article-decode-hook
@item gnus-article-decode-hook
@cindex @acronym{MIME}
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/, GNU Libidn}, and this
variable is only enabled if you have installed it.
+@vindex gnus-inhibit-images
+@item gnus-inhibit-images
+If this is non-@code{nil}, inhibit displaying of images inline in the
+article body. It is effective to images that are in articles as
+@acronym{MIME} parts, and images in @acronym{HTML} articles rendered
+when @code{mm-text-html-renderer} (@pxref{Display Customization,
+,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}) is
+@code{shr} or @code{gnus-w3m}.
+
@end table
this will disable archiving.
@table @code
-@item gnus-outgoing-message-group
-@vindex gnus-outgoing-message-group
-All outgoing messages will be put in this group. If you want to store
-all your outgoing mail and articles in the group @samp{nnml:archive},
-you set this variable to that value. This variable can also be a list of
-group names.
-
-If you want to have greater control over what group to put each
-message in, you can set this variable to a function that checks the
-current newsgroup name and then returns a suitable group name (or list
-of names).
-
-This variable can be used instead of @code{gnus-message-archive-group},
-but the latter is the preferred method.
-
@item gnus-gcc-mark-as-read
@vindex gnus-gcc-mark-as-read
If non-@code{nil}, automatically mark @code{Gcc} articles as read.
name will be removed. If the attribute name is @code{eval}, the form
is evaluated, and the result is thrown away.
-The attribute value can be a string (used verbatim), a function with
-zero arguments (the return value will be used), a variable (its value
-will be used) or a list (it will be @code{eval}ed and the return value
-will be used). The functions and sexps are called/@code{eval}ed in the
-message buffer that is being set up. The headers of the current article
-are available through the @code{message-reply-headers} variable, which
-is a vector of the following headers: number subject from date id
-references chars lines xref extra.
+The attribute value can be a string, a function with zero arguments
+(the return value will be used), a variable (its value will be used)
+or a list (it will be @code{eval}ed and the return value will be
+used). The functions and sexps are called/@code{eval}ed in the
+message buffer that is being set up. The headers of the current
+article are available through the @code{message-reply-headers}
+variable, which is a vector of the following headers: number subject
+from date id references chars lines xref extra.
+
+In the case of a string value, if the @code{match} is a regular
+expression, a @samp{gnus-match-substitute-replacement} is proceed on
+the value to replace the positional parameters @samp{\@var{n}} by the
+corresponding parenthetical matches (see @xref{Replacing the Text that
+Matched, , Text Replacement, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.)
@vindex message-reply-headers
@findex gnus-server-edit-server
Edit a server (@code{gnus-server-edit-server}).
+@item S
+@kindex S (Server)
+@findex gnus-server-show-server
+Show the definition of a server (@code{gnus-server-show-server}).
+
@item SPACE
@kindex SPACE (Server)
@findex gnus-server-read-server
@end table
+Some more commands for closing, disabling, and re-opening servers are
+listed in @ref{Unavailable Servers}.
+
@node Example Methods
@subsection Example Methods
@findex nntp-open-network-stream
@item nntp-open-network-stream
This is the default, and simply connects to some port or other on the
-remote system.
+remote system. If both Emacs and the server supports it, the
+connection will be upgraded to an encrypted @acronym{STARTTLS}
+connection automatically.
@findex nntp-open-tls-stream
@item nntp-open-tls-stream
(nnimap-inbox "INBOX")
(nnimap-split-methods default)
(nnimap-expunge t)
- (nnimap-stream ssl)
- (nnir-search-engine imap)
- (nnimap-expunge-inbox t))
+ (nnimap-stream ssl))
@end example
@table @code
@item nnimap-server-port
If the server uses a non-standard port, that can be specified here. A
-typical port would be @samp{imap} or @samp{imaps}.
+typical port would be @code{"imap"} or @code{"imaps"}.
@item nnimap-stream
How @code{nnimap} should connect to the server. Possible values are:
@table @code
+@item undecided
+This is the default, and this first tries the @code{ssl} setting, and
+then tries the @code{network} setting.
+
@item ssl
-This is the default, and this uses standard
-@acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} connection.
+This uses standard @acronym{TLS}/@acronym{SSL} connections.
@item network
-Non-encrypted and unsafe straight socket connection.
+Non-encrypted and unsafe straight socket connection, but will upgrade
+to encrypted @acronym{STARTTLS} if both Emacs and the server
+supports it.
@item starttls
Encrypted @acronym{STARTTLS} over the normal @acronym{IMAP} port.
Some @acronym{IMAP} servers allow anonymous logins. In that case,
this should be set to @code{anonymous}.
+@item nnimap-expunge
+If non-@code{nil}, expunge articles after deleting them. This is always done
+if the server supports UID EXPUNGE, but it's not done by default on
+servers that doesn't support that command.
+
@item nnimap-streaming
Virtually all @code{IMAP} server support fast streaming of data. If
you have problems connecting to the server, try setting this to @code{nil}.
@item nnimap-split-fancy
Uses the same syntax as @code{nnmail-split-fancy}.
+@item nnimap-unsplittable-articles
+List of flag symbols to ignore when doing splitting. That is,
+articles that have these flags won't be considered when splitting.
+The default is @samp{(%Deleted %Seen)}.
+
@end table
mail back ends.
@code{nnmaildir} is largely similar to @code{nnml}, with some notable
-differences. Each message is stored in a separate file, but the
-filename is unrelated to the article number in Gnus. @code{nnmaildir}
+differences. Each message is stored in a separate file, but the
+filename is unrelated to the article number in Gnus. @code{nnmaildir}
also stores the equivalent of @code{nnml}'s overview files in one file
-per article, so it uses about twice as many inodes as @code{nnml}. (Use
-@code{df -i} to see how plentiful your inode supply is.) If this slows
-you down or takes up very much space, consider switching to
-@uref{http://www.namesys.com/, ReiserFS} or another non-block-structured
+per article, so it uses about twice as many inodes as @code{nnml}.
+(Use @code{df -i} to see how plentiful your inode supply is.) If this
+slows you down or takes up very much space, a non-block-structured
file system.
Since maildirs don't require locking for delivery, the maildirs you use
the feeds from local files in @code{nnrss-directory}. You can use
the command @code{nnrss-generate-download-script} to generate a
download script using @command{wget}.
-
-@item nnrss-wash-html-in-text-plain-parts
-Non-@code{nil} means that @code{nnrss} renders text in @samp{text/plain}
-parts as @acronym{HTML}. The function specified by the
-@code{mm-text-html-renderer} variable (@pxref{Display Customization,
-,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME Manual}) will be used
-to render text. If it is @code{nil}, which is the default, text will
-simply be folded. Leave it @code{nil} if you prefer to see
-@samp{text/html} parts.
@end table
The following code may be helpful, if you want to show the description in
@item lanl-gov-announce
Announcement messages from LANL Gov Announce.
+@cindex git commit messages
+@item git
+@code{git} commit messages.
+
@cindex forwarded messages
@item rfc822-forward
A message forwarded according to RFC822.
performance. A small value minimizes the time lost should the
connection be lost while fetching (You may need to run
@code{gnus-agent-regenerate-group} to update the group's state.
-However, all articles parsed prior to loosing the connection will be
+However, all articles parsed prior to losing the connection will be
available while unplugged). The default is 10M so it is unusual to
see any cycling.
* Compilation:: How to speed Gnus up.
* Mode Lines:: Displaying information in the mode lines.
* Highlighting and Menus:: Making buffers look all nice and cozy.
-* Buttons:: Get tendinitis in ten easy steps!
* Daemons:: Gnus can do things behind your back.
* Undo:: Some actions can be undone.
* Predicate Specifiers:: Specifying predicates.
buffer should be given. Here's an excerpt of this variable:
@lisp
-((group (vertical 1.0 (group 1.0 point)
- (if gnus-carpal (group-carpal 4))))
+((group (vertical 1.0 (group 1.0 point)))
(article (vertical 1.0 (summary 0.25 point)
(article 1.0))))
@end lisp
@lisp
(article (vertical 1.0 (group 4)
(summary 0.25 point)
- (if gnus-carpal (summary-carpal 4))
(article 1.0)))
@end lisp
If the @dfn{split} looks like something that can be @code{eval}ed (to be
precise---if the @code{car} of the split is a function or a subr), this
split will be @code{eval}ed. If the result is non-@code{nil}, it will
-be used as a split. This means that there will be three buffers if
-@code{gnus-carpal} is @code{nil}, and four buffers if @code{gnus-carpal}
-is non-@code{nil}.
+be used as a split.
Not complicated enough for you? Well, try this on for size:
@lisp
(article (horizontal 1.0
(vertical 0.5
- (group 1.0)
- (gnus-carpal 4))
+ (group 1.0))
(vertical 1.0
(summary 0.25 point)
- (summary-carpal 4)
(article 1.0))))
@end lisp
@end table
-@node Buttons
-@section Buttons
-@cindex buttons
-@cindex mouse
-@cindex click
-
-Those new-fangled @dfn{mouse} contraptions is very popular with the
-young, hep kids who don't want to learn the proper way to do things
-these days. Why, I remember way back in the summer of '89, when I was
-using Emacs on a Tops 20 system. Three hundred users on one single
-machine, and every user was running Simula compilers. Bah!
-
-Right.
-
-@vindex gnus-carpal
-Well, you can make Gnus display bufferfuls of buttons you can click to
-do anything by setting @code{gnus-carpal} to @code{t}. Pretty simple,
-really. Tell the chiropractor I sent you.
-
-
-@table @code
-
-@item gnus-carpal-mode-hook
-@vindex gnus-carpal-mode-hook
-Hook run in all carpal mode buffers.
-
-@item gnus-carpal-button-face
-@vindex gnus-carpal-button-face
-Face used on buttons.
-
-@item gnus-carpal-header-face
-@vindex gnus-carpal-header-face
-Face used on carpal buffer headers.
-
-@item gnus-carpal-group-buffer-buttons
-@vindex gnus-carpal-group-buffer-buttons
-Buttons in the group buffer.
-
-@item gnus-carpal-summary-buffer-buttons
-@vindex gnus-carpal-summary-buffer-buttons
-Buttons in the summary buffer.
-
-@item gnus-carpal-server-buffer-buttons
-@vindex gnus-carpal-server-buffer-buttons
-Buttons in the server buffer.
-
-@item gnus-carpal-browse-buffer-buttons
-@vindex gnus-carpal-browse-buffer-buttons
-Buttons in the browse buffer.
-@end table
-
-All the @code{buttons} variables are lists. The elements in these list
-are either cons cells where the @code{car} contains a text to be displayed and
-the @code{cdr} contains a function symbol, or a simple string.
-
-
@node Daemons
@section Daemons
@cindex demons
@vindex gnus-gravatar-properties
List of image properties applied to Gravatar images.
+@item gnus-gravatar-too-ugly
+@vindex gnus-gravatar-too-ugly
+Regexp that matches mail addresses or names of people of which avatars
+should not be displayed, or @code{nil}. It default to the value of
+@code{gnus-article-x-face-too-ugly} (@pxref{X-Face}).
+
@end table
If you want to see them in the From field, set:
group:
@table @kbd
-@item M-d
+@item $
+@itemx M-d
@itemx M s x
@itemx S x
-@kindex M-d
-@kindex S x
-@kindex M s x
+@kindex $ (Summary)
+@kindex M-d (Summary)
+@kindex S x (Summary)
+@kindex M s x (Summary)
@findex gnus-summary-mark-as-spam
@findex gnus-summary-mark-as-spam
Mark current article as spam, showing it with the @samp{$} mark
the sender in addition to the Message-ID. Several strategies are
available.
+@item
+Refer to messages by ID
+
+Commands like @code{gnus-summary-refer-parent-article} can take
+advantage of the registry to jump to the referred article, regardless
+of the group the message is in.
+
@item
Store custom flags and keywords
@menu
* Setup::
* Fancy splitting to parent::
+* Registry Article Refer Method::
* Store custom flags and keywords::
* Store arbitrary data::
@end menu
The file where the registry will be stored between Gnus sessions.
@end defvar
+@node Registry Article Refer Method
+@subsection Fetching by @code{Message-ID} Using the Registry
+
+The registry knows how to map each @code{Message-ID} to the group it's
+in. This can be leveraged to enhance the ``article refer method'',
+the thing that tells Gnus how to look up an article given its
+Message-ID (@pxref{Finding the Parent}).
+
+@vindex nnregistry
+@vindex gnus-refer-article-method
+
+The @code{nnregistry} refer method does exactly that. It has the
+advantage that an article may be found regardless of the group it's
+in---provided its @code{Message-ID} is known to the registry. It can
+be enabled by augmenting the start-up file with something along these
+lines:
+
+@example
+;; Keep enough entries to have a good hit rate when referring to an
+;; article using the registry. Use long group names so that Gnus
+;; knows where the article is.
+(setq gnus-registry-max-entries 2500
+ gnus-registry-use-long-group-names t)
+
+(gnus-registry-initialize)
+
+(setq gnus-refer-article-method
+ '(current
+ (nnregistry)
+ (nnweb "gmane" (nnweb-type gmane))))
+@end example
+
+The example above instructs Gnus to first look up the article in the
+current group, or, alternatively, using the registry, and finally, if
+all else fails, using Gmane.
+
@node Fancy splitting to parent
@subsection Fancy splitting to parent
You can do lots of strange stuff with the Gnus window & frame
configuration (@pxref{Window Layout}).
-@item
-You can click on buttons instead of using the keyboard
-(@pxref{Buttons}).
-
@end itemize
(setq gnus-read-active-file 'some)
@end lisp
-On the other hand, if the manual says ``set @code{gnus-nntp-server} to
-@samp{nntp.ifi.uio.no}'', that means:
+On the other hand, if the manual says ``set @code{gnus-nntp-server-file} to
+@samp{/etc/nntpserver}'', that means:
@lisp
-(setq gnus-nntp-server "nntp.ifi.uio.no")
+(setq gnus-nntp-server-file "/etc/nntpserver")
@end lisp
So be careful not to mix up strings (the latter) with symbols (the
projects / gnus / blobdiff