@copying
Copyright @copyright{} 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
-Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
-Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
-license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
-License'' in the Emacs manual.
-
-(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
-this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
-Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
-
-This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
-Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
-separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
-license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
+Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual'',
+and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
+
+(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and
+modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
+developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
@end quotation
@end copying
\begin{document}
% Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line:
-\newcommand{\gnusversionname}{No Gnus v0.7}
+\newcommand{\gnusversionname}{No Gnus v0.11}
\newcommand{\gnuschaptername}{}
\newcommand{\gnussectionname}{}
luck.
@c Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line:
-This manual corresponds to No Gnus v0.7.
+This manual corresponds to No Gnus v0.11.
@end ifinfo
people should be empowered to do what they want by using (or abusing)
the program.
+@c Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change the following line:
+This manual corresponds to No Gnus v0.11.
+
+@heading Other related manuals
+@itemize
+@item Message manual: Composing messages
+@item Emacs-MIME: Composing messages; @acronym{MIME}-specific parts.
+@item Sieve: Managing Sieve scripts in Emacs.
+@item PGG: @acronym{PGP/MIME} with Gnus.
+@item SASL: @acronym{SASL} authentication in Emacs.
+@end itemize
+
@end iftex
@menu
* Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer.
* Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done.
* Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics.
+* Non-ASCII Group Names:: Accessing groups of non-English names.
* Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do.
Group Buffer Format
* Fuzzy Matching:: What's the big fuzz?
* Thwarting Email Spam:: Simple ways to avoid unsolicited commercial email.
* Spam Package:: A package for filtering and processing spam.
+* The Gnus Registry:: A package for tracking messages by Message-ID.
* Other modes:: Interaction with other modes.
* Various Various:: Things that are really various.
* Browse Foreign Server:: You can browse a server. See what it has to offer.
* Exiting Gnus:: Stop reading news and get some work done.
* Group Topics:: A folding group mode divided into topics.
+* Non-ASCII Group Names:: Accessing groups of non-English names.
+* Searching:: Mail search engines.
* Misc Group Stuff:: Other stuff that you can to do.
@end menu
@code{gnus-large-newsgroup}, but is only used for ephemeral
newsgroups.
-@vindex gnus-maximum-newsgroup
+@vindex gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles
In groups in some news servers, there might be a big gap between a few
very old articles that will never be expired and the recent ones. In
such a case, the server will return the data like @code{(1 . 30000000)}
know it at first and prepares for getting 30000000 articles. However,
it will consume hundreds megabytes of memories and might make Emacs get
stuck as the case may be. If you use such news servers, set the
-variable @code{gnus-maximum-newsgroup} to a positive number. The value
-means that Gnus ignores articles other than this number of the latest
-ones in every group. For instance, the value 10000 makes Gnus get only
-the articles 29990001-30000000 (if the latest article number is 30000000
-in a group). Note that setting this variable to a number might prevent
-you from reading very old articles. The default value of the variable
-@code{gnus-maximum-newsgroup} is @code{nil}, which means Gnus never
-ignores old articles.
+variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} to a positive number.
+The value means that Gnus ignores articles other than this number of the
+latest ones in every group. For instance, the value 10000 makes Gnus
+get only the articles 29990001-30000000 (if the latest article number is
+30000000 in a group). Note that setting this variable to a number might
+prevent you from reading very old articles. The default value of the
+variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} is @code{nil}, which
+means Gnus never ignores old articles.
@vindex gnus-select-group-hook
@vindex gnus-auto-select-first
newsgroups.
+The following commands create ephemeral groups. They can be called not
+only from the Group buffer, but in any Gnus buffer.
+
+@table @code
+@item gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group
+@findex gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group
+@vindex gnus-gmane-group-download-format
+Read an ephemeral group on Gmane.org. The articles are downloaded via
+HTTP using the URL specified by @code{gnus-gmane-group-download-format}.
+Gnus will prompt you for a group name, the start article number and an
+the article range.
+
+@item gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group-url
+@findex gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group-url
+This command is similar to @code{gnus-read-ephemeral-gmane-group}, but
+the group name and the article number and range are constructed from a
+given @acronym{URL}. Supported @acronym{URL} formats include e.g.
+@url{http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12300/focus=12399},
+@url{http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12345/},
+@url{http://article.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12345/},
+@url{http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.foo.bar/12345/}, and
+@url{http://news.gmane.org/group/gmane.foo.bar/thread=12345}.
+
+@item gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group
+@findex gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group
+Read an Emacs bug report in an ephemeral group. Gnus will prompt for a
+bug number. The default is the number at point. The @acronym{URL} is
+specified in @code{gnus-bug-group-download-format-alist}.
+
+@item gnus-read-ephemeral-debian-bug-group
+@findex gnus-read-ephemeral-debian-bug-group
+Read a Debian bug report in an ephemeral group. Analog to
+@code{gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group}.
+@end table
+
+Some of these command are also useful for article buttons, @xref{Article
+Buttons}.
+
+Here is an example:
+@lisp
+(require 'gnus-art)
+(add-to-list
+ 'gnus-button-alist
+ '("#\\([0-9]+\\)\\>" 1
+ (string-match "\\<emacs\\>" (or gnus-newsgroup-name ""))
+ gnus-read-ephemeral-emacs-bug-group 1))
+@end lisp
+
+
@node Group Parameters
@section Group Parameters
@cindex group parameters
The group parameters store information local to a particular group.
+
+Use the @kbd{G p} or the @kbd{G c} command to edit group parameters of a
+group. (@kbd{G p} presents you with a Lisp-based interface, @kbd{G c}
+presents you with a Customize-like interface. The latter helps avoid
+silly Lisp errors.) You might also be interested in reading about topic
+parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}).
+Additionally, you can set group parameters via the
+@code{gnus-parameters} variable, see below.
+
Here's an example group parameter list:
@example
If it is set, the value is used as the method for posting message
instead of @code{gnus-post-method}.
+@item mail-source
+@cindex mail-source
+If it is set, and the setting of @code{mail-sources} includes a
+@code{group} mail source (@pxref{Mail Sources}), the value is a
+mail source for this group.
+
@item banner
@cindex banner
An item like @code{(banner . @var{regexp})} causes any part of an article
question to @code{gnus-newsgroup-variables}. @xref{Various Summary
Stuff}. So if you want to set @code{message-from-style} via the group
parameters, then you may need the following statement elsewhere in your
-@file{~/.gnus} file:
+@file{~/.gnus.el} file:
@lisp
(add-to-list 'gnus-newsgroup-variables 'message-from-style)
@end table
-Use the @kbd{G p} or the @kbd{G c} command to edit group parameters of a
-group. (@kbd{G p} presents you with a Lisp-based interface, @kbd{G c}
-presents you with a Customize-like interface. The latter helps avoid
-silly Lisp errors.) You might also be interested in reading about topic
-parameters (@pxref{Topic Parameters}).
-
@vindex gnus-parameters
Group parameters can be set via the @code{gnus-parameters} variable too.
But some variables, such as @code{visible}, have no effect (For this
happens. You just have to be careful if you do stuff like that.
+@node Non-ASCII Group Names
+@section Accessing groups of non-English names
+@cindex non-ascii group names
+
+There are some news servers that provide groups of which the names are
+expressed with their native languages in the world. For instance, in a
+certain news server there are some newsgroups of which the names are
+spelled in Chinese, where people are talking in Chinese. You can, of
+course, subscribe to such news groups using Gnus. Currently Gnus
+supports non-@acronym{ASCII} group names not only with the @code{nntp}
+back end but also with the @code{nnml} back end and the @code{nnrss}
+back end.
+
+Every such group name is encoded by a certain charset in the server
+side (in an @acronym{NNTP} server its administrator determines the
+charset, but for groups in the other back ends it is determined by you).
+Gnus has to display the decoded ones for you in the group buffer and the
+article buffer, and needs to use the encoded ones when communicating
+with servers. However, Gnus doesn't know what charset is used for each
+non-@acronym{ASCII} group name. The following two variables are just
+the ones for telling Gnus what charset should be used for each group:
+
+@table @code
+@item gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist
+@vindex gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist
+An alist of select methods and charsets. The default value is
+@code{nil}. The names of groups in the server specified by that select
+method are all supposed to use the corresponding charset. For example:
+
+@lisp
+(setq gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist
+ '(((nntp "news.com.cn") . cn-gb-2312)))
+@end lisp
+
+Charsets specified for groups with this variable are preferred to the
+ones specified for the same groups with the
+@code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist} variable (see below).
+
+A select method can be very long, like:
+
+@lisp
+(nntp "gmane"
+ (nntp-address "news.gmane.org")
+ (nntp-end-of-line "\n")
+ (nntp-open-connection-function
+ nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet)
+ (nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh")
+ (nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches
+ ("-C" "-t" "-e" "none"))
+ (nntp-via-address @dots{}))
+@end lisp
+
+In that case, you can truncate it into @code{(nntp "gmane")} in this
+variable. That is, it is enough to contain only the back end name and
+the server name.
+
+@item gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist
+@cindex UTF-8 group names
+@vindex gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist
+An alist of regexp of group name and the charset for group names.
+@code{((".*" . utf-8))} is the default value if UTF-8 is supported,
+otherwise the default is @code{nil}. For example:
+
+@lisp
+(setq gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist
+ '(("\\.com\\.cn:" . cn-gb-2312)
+ (".*" . utf-8)))
+@end lisp
+
+Note that this variable is ignored if the match is made with
+@code{gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist}.
+@end table
+
+Those two variables are used also to determine the charset for encoding
+and decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} group names that are in the back ends
+other than @code{nntp}. It means that it is you who determine it. If
+you do nothing, the charset used for group names in those back ends will
+all be @code{utf-8} because of the last element of
+@code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist}.
+
+There is one more important variable for non-@acronym{ASCII} group
+names. @emph{XEmacs users must set this}. Emacs users necessarily need
+not do:
+
+@table @code
+@item nnmail-pathname-coding-system
+The value of this variable should be a coding system or @code{nil}
+(which is the default). The @code{nnml} back end, the @code{nnrss} back
+end, the @acronym{NNTP} marks feature (@pxref{NNTP marks}), the agent,
+and the cache use non-@acronym{ASCII} group names in those files and
+directories. This variable overrides the value of
+@code{file-name-coding-system} which specifies the coding system used
+when encoding and decoding those file names and directory names.
+
+In XEmacs (with the @code{mule} feature), @code{file-name-coding-system}
+is the only means to specify the coding system used to encode and decode
+file names. Therefore, @emph{you, XEmacs users, have to set it} to the
+coding system that is suitable to encode and decode non-@acronym{ASCII}
+group names. On the other hand, Emacs uses the value of
+@code{default-file-name-coding-system} if @code{file-name-coding-system}
+is @code{nil}. Normally the value of
+@code{default-file-name-coding-system} is initialized according to the
+locale, so you will need to do nothing if the value is suitable to
+encode and decode non-@acronym{ASCII} group names.
+
+The value of this variable (or @code{default-file-name-coding-system})
+does not necessarily need to be the same value that is determined by
+@code{gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist} and
+@code{gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist}.
+
+If you want to subscribe to the groups spelled in Chinese but
+@code{default-file-name-coding-system} is initialized by default to
+@code{iso-latin-1} for example, that is the most typical case where you
+have to set @code{nnmail-pathname-coding-system} even if you are an
+Emacs user. The @code{utf-8} coding system is a good candidate for it.
+Otherwise, you may change the locale in your system so that
+@code{default-file-name-coding-system} may be initialized to an
+appropriate value, instead of specifying this variable.
+@end table
+
+Note that when you copy or move articles from a non-@acronym{ASCII}
+group to another group, the charset used to encode and decode group
+names should be the same in both groups. Otherwise the Newsgroups
+header will be displayed incorrectly in the article buffer.
+
+
+@node Searching
+@section Searching
+
+@menu
+* nnir:: Searching on IMAP, with swish, namazu, etc.
+* nnmairix:: Searching maildir, MH or mbox with Mairix.
+@end menu
+
+@cindex Searching
+
+FIXME: This node is a stub.
+
+FIXME: Add a brief overview of Gnus search capabilities. A brief
+comparison of nnir, nnmairix, contrib/gnus-namazu would be nice
+as well.
+
+FIXME: Explain difference to @ref{Searching for Articles}, add reference
+and back-reference.
+
+@node nnir
+@subsection nnir
+
+FIXME: As a first step, convert the commentary of @file{nnir} to texi.
+@cindex nnir
+
+@node nnmairix
+@subsection nnmairix
+
+@cindex mairix
+@cindex nnmairix
+This paragraph describes how to set up mairix and the back end
+@code{nnmairix} for indexing and searching your mail from within
+Gnus. Additionally, you can create permanent ``smart'' groups which are
+bound to mairix searches and are automatically updated.
+
+@menu
+* About mairix:: About the mairix mail search engine
+* nnmairix requirements:: What you will need for using nnmairix
+* What nnmairix does:: What does nnmairix actually do?
+* Setting up mairix:: Set up your mairix installation
+* Configuring nnmairix:: Set up the nnmairix back end
+* nnmairix keyboard shortcuts:: List of available keyboard shortcuts
+* Propagating marks:: How to propagate marks from nnmairix groups
+* nnmairix tips and tricks:: Some tips, tricks and examples
+* nnmairix caveats:: Some more stuff you might want to know
+@end menu
+
+@c FIXME: The markup in this section might need improvement.
+@c E.g. adding @samp, @var, @file, @command, etc.
+@c Cf. (info "(texinfo)Indicating")
+
+@node About mairix
+@subsubsection About mairix
+
+Mairix is a tool for indexing and searching words in locally stored
+mail. It was written by Richard Curnow and is licensed under the
+GPL. Mairix comes with most popular GNU/Linux distributions, but it also
+runs under Windows (with cygwin), Mac OS X and Solaris. The homepage can
+be found at
+@uref{http://www.rpcurnow.force9.co.uk/mairix/index.html}
+
+Though mairix might not be as flexible as other search tools like
+swish++ or namazu, which you can use via the @code{nnir} back end, it
+has the prime advantage of being incredibly fast. On current systems, it
+can easily search through headers and message bodies of thousands and
+thousands of mails in well under a second. Building the database
+necessary for searching might take a minute or two, but only has to be
+done once fully. Afterwards, the updates are done incrementally and
+therefore are really fast, too. Additionally, mairix is very easy to set
+up.
+
+For maximum speed though, mairix should be used with mails stored in
+@code{Maildir} or @code{MH} format (this includes the @code{nnml} back
+end), although it also works with mbox. Mairix presents the search
+results by populating a @emph{virtual} maildir/MH folder with symlinks
+which point to the ``real'' message files (if mbox is used, copies are
+made). Since mairix already presents search results in such a virtual
+mail folder, it is very well suited for using it as an external program
+for creating @emph{smart} mail folders, which represent certain mail
+searches. This is similar to a Kiboze group (@pxref{Kibozed Groups}),
+but much faster.
+
+@node nnmairix requirements
+@subsubsection nnmairix requirements
+
+Mairix searches local mail---that means, mairix absolutely must have
+direct access to your mail folders. If your mail resides on another
+server (e.g. an @acronym{IMAP} server) and you happen to have shell
+access, @code{nnmairix} supports running mairix remotely, e.g. via ssh.
+
+Additionally, @code{nnmairix} only supports the following Gnus back
+ends: @code{nnml}, @code{nnmaildir}, and @code{nnimap}. You must use
+one of these back ends for using @code{nnmairix}. Other back ends, like
+@code{nnmbox}, @code{nnfolder} or @code{nnmh}, won't work.
+
+If you absolutely must use mbox and still want to use @code{nnmairix},
+you can set up a local @acronym{IMAP} server, which you then access via
+@code{nnimap}. This is a rather massive setup for accessing some mbox
+files, so just change to MH or Maildir already... However, if you're
+really, really passionate about using mbox, you might want to look into
+the package @file{mairix.el}, which comes with Emacs 23.
+
+@node What nnmairix does
+@subsubsection What nnmairix does
+
+The back end @code{nnmairix} enables you to call mairix from within Gnus,
+either to query mairix with a search term or to update the
+database. While visiting a message in the summary buffer, you can use
+several pre-defined shortcuts for calling mairix, e.g. to quickly
+search for all mails from the sender of the current message or to
+display the whole thread associated with the message, even if the
+mails are in different folders.
+
+Additionally, you can create permanent @code{nnmairix} groups which are bound
+to certain mairix searches. This way, you can easily create a group
+containing mails from a certain sender, with a certain subject line or
+even for one specific thread based on the Message-ID. If you check for
+new mail in these folders (e.g. by pressing @kbd{g} or @kbd{M-g}), they
+automatically update themselves by calling mairix.
+
+You might ask why you need @code{nnmairix} at all, since mairix already
+creates the group, populates it with links to the mails so that you can
+then access it with Gnus, right? Well, this @emph{might} work, but often
+does not---at least not without problems. Most probably you will get
+strange article counts, and sometimes you might see mails which Gnus
+claims have already been canceled and are inaccessible. This is due to
+the fact that Gnus isn't really amused when things are happening behind
+its back. Another problem can be the mail back end itself, e.g. if you
+use mairix with an @acronym{IMAP} server (I had Dovecot complaining
+about corrupt index files when mairix changed the contents of the search
+group). Using @code{nnmairix} should circumvent these problems.
+
+@code{nnmairix} is not really a mail back end---it's actually more like
+a wrapper, sitting between a ``real'' mail back end where mairix stores
+the searches and the Gnus front end. You can choose between three
+different mail back ends for the mairix folders: @code{nnml},
+@code{nnmaildir} or @code{nnimap}. @code{nnmairix} will call the mairix
+binary so that the search results are stored in folders named
+@code{zz_mairix-<NAME>-<NUMBER>} on this mail back end, but it will
+present these folders in the Gnus front end only with @code{<NAME>}.
+You can use an existing mail back end where you already store your mail,
+but if you're uncomfortable with @code{nnmairix} creating new mail
+groups alongside your other mail, you can also create e.g. a new
+@code{nnmaildir} or @code{nnml} server exclusively for mairix, but then
+make sure those servers do not accidentally receive your new mail
+(@pxref{nnmairix caveats}). A special case exists if you want to use
+mairix remotely on an IMAP server with @code{nnimap}---here the mairix
+folders and your other mail must be on the same @code{nnimap} back end.
+
+@node Setting up mairix
+@subsubsection Setting up mairix
+
+First: create a backup of your mail folders (@pxref{nnmairix caveats}).
+
+Setting up mairix is easy: simply create a @file{.mairixrc} file with
+(at least) the following entries:
+
+@example
+# Your Maildir/MH base folder
+base=~/Maildir
+@end example
+
+This is the base folder for your mails. All the following directories
+are relative to this base folder. If you want to use @code{nnmairix}
+with @code{nnimap}, this base directory has to point to the mail
+directory where the @acronym{IMAP} server stores the mail folders!
+
+@example
+maildir= ... your maildir folders which should be indexed ...
+mh= ... your nnml/mh folders which should be indexed ...
+mbox = ... your mbox files which should be indexed ...
+@end example
+
+This specifies all your mail folders and mbox files (relative to the
+base directory!) you want to index with mairix. Note that the
+@code{nnml} back end saves mails in MH format, so you have to put those
+directories in the @code{mh} line. See the example at the end of this
+section and mairixrc's man-page for further details.
+
+@example
+omit=zz_mairix-*
+@end example
+
+@vindex nnmairix-group-prefix
+This should make sure that you don't accidentally index the mairix
+search results. You can change the prefix of these folders with the
+variable @code{nnmairix-group-prefix}.
+
+@example
+mformat= ... 'maildir' or 'mh' ...
+database= ... location of database file ...
+@end example
+
+The @code{format} setting specifies the output format for the mairix
+search folder. Set this to @code{mh} if you want to access search results
+with @code{nnml}. Otherwise choose @code{maildir}.
+
+To summarize, here is my shortened @file{.mairixrc} file as an example:
+
+@example
+base=~/Maildir
+maildir=.personal:.work:.logcheck:.sent
+mh=../Mail/nnml/*...
+mbox=../mboxmail/mailarchive_year*
+mformat=maildir
+omit=zz_mairix-*
+database=~/.mairixdatabase
+@end example
+
+In this case, the base directory is @file{~/Maildir}, where all my Maildir
+folders are stored. As you can see, the folders are separated by
+colons. If you wonder why every folder begins with a dot: this is
+because I use Dovecot as @acronym{IMAP} server, which again uses
+@code{Maildir++} folders. For testing nnmairix, I also have some
+@code{nnml} mail, which is saved in @file{~/Mail/nnml}. Since this has
+to be specified relative to the @code{base} directory, the @code{../Mail}
+notation is needed. Note that the line ends in @code{*...}, which means
+to recursively scan all files under this directory. Without the three
+dots, the wildcard @code{*} will not work recursively. I also have some
+old mbox files with archived mail lying around in @file{~/mboxmail}.
+The other lines should be obvious.
+
+See the man page for @code{mairixrc} for details and further options,
+especially regarding wildcard usage, which may be a little different
+than you are used to.
+
+Now simply call @code{mairix} to create the index for the first time.
+Note that this may take a few minutes, but every following index will do
+the updates incrementally and hence is very fast.
+
+@node Configuring nnmairix
+@subsubsection Configuring nnmairix
+
+In group mode, type @kbd{G b c}
+(@code{nnmairix-create-server-and-default-group}). This will ask you for all
+necessary information and create a @code{nnmairix} server as a foreign
+server. You will have to specify the following:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+The @strong{name} of the @code{nnmairix} server---choose whatever you
+want.
+
+@item
+The name of the @strong{back end server} where mairix should store its
+searches. This must be a full server name, like @code{nnml:mymail}.
+Just hit @kbd{TAB} to see the available servers. Currently, servers
+which are accessed through @code{nnmaildir}, @code{nnimap} and
+@code{nnml} are supported. As explained above, for locally stored
+mails, this can be an existing server where you store your mails.
+However, you can also create e.g. a new @code{nnmaildir} or @code{nnml}
+server exclusively for @code{nnmairix} in your secondary select methods
+(@pxref{Finding the News}). If you use a secondary @code{nnml} server
+just for mairix, make sure that you explicitly set the server variable
+@code{nnml-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}, or you might loose mail
+(@pxref{nnmairix caveats}). If you want to use mairix remotely on an
+@acronym{IMAP} server, you have to choose the corresponding
+@code{nnimap} server here.
+
+@item
+@vindex nnmairix-mairix-search-options
+The @strong{command} to call the mairix binary. This will usually just
+be @code{mairix}, but you can also choose something like @code{ssh
+SERVER mairix} if you want to call mairix remotely, e.g. on your
+@acronym{IMAP} server. If you want to add some default options to
+mairix, you could do this here, but better use the variable
+@code{nnmairix-mairix-search-options} instead.
+
+@item
+The name of the @strong{default search group}. This will be the group
+where all temporary mairix searches are stored, i.e. all searches which
+are not bound to permanent @code{nnmairix} groups. Choose whatever you
+like.
+
+@item
+If the mail back end is @code{nnimap} or @code{nnmaildir}, you will be
+asked if you work with @strong{Maildir++}, i.e. with hidden maildir
+folders (=beginning with a dot). For example, you have to answer
+@samp{yes} here if you work with the Dovecot @acronym{IMAP}
+server. Otherwise, you should answer @samp{no} here.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@node nnmairix keyboard shortcuts
+@subsubsection nnmairix keyboard shortcuts
+
+In group mode:
+
+@table @kbd
+
+@item G b c
+@kindex G b c (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-create-server-and-default-group
+Creates @code{nnmairix} server and default search group for this server
+(@code{nnmairix-create-server-and-default-group}). You should have done
+this by now (@pxref{Configuring nnmairix}).
+
+@item G b s
+@kindex G b s (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-search
+Prompts for query which is then sent to the mairix binary. Search
+results are put into the default search group which is automatically
+displayed (@code{nnmairix-search}).
+
+@item G b m
+@kindex G b m (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-widget-search
+Allows you to create a mairix search or a permanent group more
+comfortably using graphical widgets, similar to a customization
+group. Just try it to see how it works (@code{nnmairix-widget-search}).
+
+@item G b i
+@kindex G b i (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-search-interactive
+Another command for creating a mairix query more comfortably, but uses
+only the minibuffer (@code{nnmairix-search-interactive}).
+
+@item G b g
+@kindex G b g (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-create-search-group
+Creates a permanent group which is associated with a search query
+(@code{nnmairix-create-search-group}). The @code{nnmairix} back end
+automatically calls mairix when you update this group with @kbd{g} or
+@kbd{M-g}.
+
+@item G b q
+@kindex G b q (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-group-change-query-this-group
+Changes the search query for the @code{nnmairix} group under cursor
+(@code{nnmairix-group-change-query-this-group}).
+
+@item G b t
+@kindex G b t (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-group-toggle-threads-this-group
+Toggles the 'threads' parameter for the @code{nnmairix} group under cursor,
+i.e. if you want see the whole threads of the found messages
+(@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-threads-this-group}).
+
+@item G b u
+@kindex G b u (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-update-database
+@vindex nnmairix-mairix-update-options
+Calls mairix binary for updating the database
+(@code{nnmairix-update-database}). The default parameters are @code{-F}
+and @code{-Q} for making this as fast as possible (see variable
+@code{nnmairix-mairix-update-options} for defining these default
+options).
+
+@item G b r
+@kindex G b r (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-group-toggle-readmarks-this-group
+Keep articles in this @code{nnmairix} group always read or unread, or leave the
+marks unchanged (@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-readmarks-this-group}).
+
+@item G b d
+@kindex G b d (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-group-delete-recreate-this-group
+Recreate @code{nnmairix} group on the ``real'' mail back end
+(@code{nnmairix-group-delete-recreate-this-group}). You can do this if
+you always get wrong article counts with a @code{nnmairix} group.
+
+@item G b a
+@kindex G b a (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-group-toggle-allowfast-this-group
+Toggles the @code{allow-fast} parameters for group under cursor
+(@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-allowfast-this-group}). The default
+behavior of @code{nnmairix} is to do a mairix search every time you
+update or enter the group. With the @code{allow-fast} parameter set,
+mairix will only be called when you explicitly update the group, but not
+upon entering. This makes entering the group faster, but it may also
+lead to dangling symlinks if something changed between updating and
+entering the group which is not yet in the mairix database.
+
+@item G b p
+@kindex G b p (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-group-toggle-propmarks-this-group
+Toggle marks propagation for this group
+(@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-propmarks-this-group}). (@pxref{Propagating
+marks}).
+
+@item G b o
+@kindex G b o (Group)
+@findex nnmairix-propagate-marks
+Manually propagate marks (@code{nnmairix-propagate-marks}); needed only when
+@code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-upon-close} is set to @code{nil}.
+
+@end table
+
+In summary mode:
+
+@table @kbd
+
+@item $ m
+@kindex $ m (Summary)
+@findex nnmairix-widget-search-from-this-article
+Allows you to create a mairix query or group based on the current
+message using graphical widgets (same as @code{nnmairix-widget-search})
+(@code{nnmairix-widget-search-from-this-article}).
+
+@item $ g
+@kindex $ g (Summary)
+@findex nnmairix-create-search-group-from-message
+Interactively creates a new search group with query based on the current
+message, but uses the minibuffer instead of graphical widgets
+(@code{nnmairix-create-search-group-from-message}).
+
+@item $ t
+@kindex $ t (Summary)
+@findex nnmairix-search-thread-this-article
+Searches thread for the current article
+(@code{nnmairix-search-thread-this-article}). This is effectively a
+shortcut for calling @code{nnmairix-search} with @samp{m:msgid} of the
+current article and enabled threads.
+
+@item $ f
+@kindex $ f (Summary)
+@findex nnmairix-search-from-this-article
+Searches all messages from sender of the current article
+(@code{nnmairix-search-from-this-article}). This is a shortcut for
+calling @code{nnmairix-search} with @samp{f:From}.
+
+@item $ o
+@kindex $ o (Summary)
+@findex nnmairix-goto-original-article
+(Only in @code{nnmairix} groups!) Tries determine the group this article
+originally came from and displays the article in this group, so that
+e.g. replying to this article the correct posting styles/group
+parameters are applied (@code{nnmairix-goto-original-article}). This
+function will use the registry if available, but can also parse the
+article file name as a fallback method.
+
+@item $ u
+@kindex $ u (Summary)
+@findex nnmairix-remove-tick-mark-original-article
+Remove possibly existing tick mark from original article
+(@code{nnmairix-remove-tick-mark-original-article}). (@pxref{nnmairix
+tips and tricks}).
+
+@end table
+
+@node Propagating marks
+@subsubsection Propagating marks
+
+First of: you really need a patched mairix binary for using the marks
+propagation feature efficiently. Otherwise, you would have to update
+the mairix database all the time. You can get the patch at
+
+@uref{http://www.randomsample.de/mairix-maildir-patch.tar}
+
+You need the mairix v0.21 source code for this patch; everything else
+is explained in the accompanied readme file. If you don't want to use
+marks propagation, you don't have to apply these patches, but they also
+fix some annoyances regarding changing maildir flags, so it might still
+be useful to you.
+
+With the patched mairix binary, you can use @code{nnmairix} as an
+alternative to mail splitting (@pxref{Fancy Mail Splitting}). For
+example, instead of splitting all mails from @samp{david@@foobar.com}
+into a group, you can simply create a search group with the query
+@samp{f:david@@foobar.com}. This is actually what ``smart folders'' are
+all about: simply put everything in one mail folder and dynamically
+create searches instead of splitting. This is more flexible, since you
+can dynamically change your folders any time you want to. This also
+implies that you will usually read your mails in the @code{nnmairix}
+groups instead of your ``real'' mail groups.
+
+There is one problem, though: say you got a new mail from
+@samp{david@@foobar.com}; it will now show up in two groups, the
+``real'' group (your INBOX, for example) and in the @code{nnmairix}
+search group (provided you have updated the mairix database). Now you
+enter the @code{nnmairix} group and read the mail. The mail will be
+marked as read, but only in the @code{nnmairix} group---in the ``real''
+mail group it will be still shown as unread.
+
+You could now catch up the mail group (@pxref{Group Data}), but this is
+tedious and error prone, since you may overlook mails you don't have
+created @code{nnmairix} groups for. Of course, you could first use
+@code{nnmairix-goto-original-article} (@pxref{nnmairix keyboard
+shortcuts}) and then read the mail in the original group, but that's
+even more cumbersome.
+
+Clearly, the easiest way would be if marks could somehow be
+automatically set for the original article. This is exactly what
+@emph{marks propagation} is about.
+
+Marks propagation is deactivated by default. You can activate it for a
+certain @code{nnmairix} group with
+@code{nnmairix-group-toggle-propmarks-this-group} (bound to @kbd{G b
+p}). This function will warn you if you try to use it with your default
+search group; the reason is that the default search group is used for
+temporary searches, and it's easy to accidentally propagate marks from
+this group. However, you can ignore this warning if you really want to.
+
+With marks propagation enabled, all the marks you set in a @code{nnmairix}
+group should now be propagated to the original article. For example,
+you can now tick an article (by default with @kbd{!}) and this mark should
+magically be set for the original article, too.
+
+A few more remarks which you may or may not want to know:
+
+@vindex nnmairix-propagate-marks-upon-close
+Marks will not be set immediately, but only upon closing a group. This
+not only makes marks propagation faster, it also avoids problems with
+dangling symlinks when dealing with maildir files (since changing flags
+will change the file name). You can also control when to propagate marks
+via @code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-upon-close} (see the doc-string for
+details).
+
+Obviously, @code{nnmairix} will have to look up the original group for every
+article you want to set marks for. If available, @code{nnmairix} will first use
+the registry for determining the original group. The registry is very
+fast, hence you should really, really enable the registry when using
+marks propagation. If you don't have to worry about RAM and disc space,
+set @code{gnus-registry-max-entries} to a large enough value; to be on
+the safe side, choose roughly the amount of mails you index with mairix.
+
+@vindex nnmairix-only-use-registry
+If you don't want to use the registry or the registry hasn't seen the
+original article yet, @code{nnmairix} will use an additional mairix
+search for determining the file name of the article. This, of course, is
+way slower than the registry---if you set hundreds or even thousands of
+marks this way, it might take some time. You can avoid this situation by
+setting @code{nnmairix-only-use-registry} to t.
+
+Maybe you also want to propagate marks the other way round, i.e. if you
+tick an article in a "real" mail group, you'd like to have the same
+article in a @code{nnmairix} group ticked, too. For several good
+reasons, this can only be done efficiently if you use maildir. To
+immediately contradict myself, let me mention that it WON'T work with
+@code{nnmaildir}, since @code{nnmaildir} stores the marks externally and
+not in the file name. Therefore, propagating marks to @code{nnmairix}
+groups will usually only work if you use an IMAP server which uses
+maildir as its file format.
+
+@vindex nnmairix-propagate-marks-to-nnmairix-groups
+If you work with this setup, just set
+@code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-to-nnmairix-groups} to @code{t} and see what
+happens. If you don't like what you see, just set it to @code{nil} again. One
+problem might be that you get a wrong number of unread articles; this
+usually happens when you delete or expire articles in the original
+groups. When this happens, you can recreate the @code{nnmairix} group on the
+back end using @kbd{G b d}.
+
+@node nnmairix tips and tricks
+@subsubsection nnmairix tips and tricks
+
+@itemize
+@item
+Checking Mail
+
+@findex nnmairix-update-groups
+I put all my important mail groups at group level 1. The mairix groups
+have group level 5, so they do not get checked at start up (@pxref{Group
+Levels}).
+
+I use the following to check for mails:
+
+@lisp
+(defun my-check-mail-mairix-update (level)
+ (interactive "P")
+ ;; if no prefix given, set level=1
+ (gnus-group-get-new-news (or level 1))
+ (nnmairix-update-groups "mairixsearch" t t)
+ (gnus-group-list-groups))
+
+(define-key gnus-group-mode-map "g" 'my-check-mail-mairix-update)
+@end lisp
+
+Instead of @samp{"mairixsearch"} use the name of your @code{nnmairix}
+server. See the doc string for @code{nnmairix-update-groups} for
+details.
+
+@item
+Example: search group for ticked articles
+
+For example, you can create a group for all ticked articles, where the
+articles always stay unread:
+
+Hit @kbd{G b g}, enter group name (e.g. @samp{important}), use
+@samp{F:f} as query and do not include threads.
+
+Now activate marks propagation for this group by using @kbd{G b p}. Then
+activate the always-unread feature by using @kbd{G b r} twice.
+
+So far so good---but how do you remove the tick marks in the @code{nnmairix}
+group? There are two options: You may simply use
+@code{nnmairix-remove-tick-mark-original-article} (bound to @kbd{$ u}) to remove
+tick marks from the original article. The other possibility is to set
+@code{nnmairix-propagate-marks-to-nnmairix-groups} to @code{t}, but see the above
+comments about this option. If it works for you, the tick marks should
+also exist in the @code{nnmairix} group and you can remove them as usual,
+e.g. by marking an article as read.
+
+When you have removed a tick mark from the original article, this
+article should vanish from the @code{nnmairix} group after you have updated the
+mairix database and updated the group. Fortunately, there is a function
+for doing exactly that: @code{nnmairix-update-groups}. See the previous code
+snippet and the doc string for details.
+
+@item
+Dealing with auto-subscription of mail groups
+
+As described before, all @code{nnmairix} groups are in fact stored on
+the mail back end in the form @samp{zz_mairix-<NAME>-<NUMBER>}. You can
+see them when you enter the back end server in the server buffer. You
+should not subscribe these groups! Unfortunately, these groups will
+usually get @emph{auto-subscribed} when you use @code{nnmaildir} or
+@code{nnml}, i.e. you will suddenly see groups of the form
+@samp{zz_mairix*} pop up in your group buffer. If this happens to you,
+simply kill these groups with C-k. For avoiding this, turn off
+auto-subscription completely by setting the variable
+@code{gnus-auto-subscribed-groups} to @code{nil} (@pxref{Filtering New
+Groups}), or if you like to keep this feature use the following kludge
+for turning it off for all groups beginning with @samp{zz_}:
+
+@lisp
+(setq gnus-auto-subscribed-groups
+ "^\\(nnml\\|nnfolder\\|nnmbox\\|nnmh\\|nnbabyl\\|nnmaildir\\).*:\\([^z]\\|z$\\|\\z[^z]\\|zz$\\|zz[^_]\\|zz_$\\).*")
+@end lisp
+
+@end itemize
+
+@node nnmairix caveats
+@subsubsection nnmairix caveats
+
+@itemize
+@item
+You can create a secondary @code{nnml} server just for nnmairix, but then
+you have to explicitly set the corresponding server variable
+@code{nnml-get-new-mail} to @code{nil}. Otherwise, new mail might get
+put into this secondary server (and would never show up again). Here's
+an example server definition:
+
+@lisp
+(nnml "mairix" (nnml-directory "mairix") (nnml-get-new-mail nil))
+@end lisp
+
+(The @code{nnmaildir} back end also has a server variabe
+@code{get-new-mail}, but its default value is @code{nil}, so you don't
+have to explicitly set it if you use a @code{nnmaildir} server just for
+mairix.)
+
+@item
+If you use the Gnus registry: don't use the registry with
+@code{nnmairix} groups (put them in
+@code{gnus-registry-unfollowed-groups}). Be @emph{extra careful} if
+you use @code{gnus-registry-split-fancy-with-parent}; mails which are
+split into @code{nnmairix} groups are usually gone for good as soon as
+you check the group for new mail (yes, it has happened to me...).
+
+@item
+Therefore: @emph{Never ever} put ``real'' mails into @code{nnmairix}
+groups (you shouldn't be able to, anyway).
+
+@item
+If you use the Gnus agent (@pxref{Gnus Unplugged}): don't agentize
+@code{nnmairix} groups (though I have no idea what happens if you do).
+
+@item
+mairix does only support us-ascii characters.
+
+@item
+@code{nnmairix} uses a rather brute force method to force Gnus to
+completely reread the group on the mail back end after mairix was
+called---it simply deletes and re-creates the group on the mail
+back end. So far, this has worked for me without any problems, and I
+don't see how @code{nnmairix} could delete other mail groups than its
+own, but anyway: you really should have a backup of your mail
+folders.
+
+@item
+All necessary information is stored in the group parameters
+(@pxref{Group Parameters}). This has the advantage that no active file
+is needed, but also implies that when you kill a @code{nnmairix} group,
+it is gone for good.
+
+@item
+@findex nnmairix-purge-old-groups
+If you create and kill a lot of @code{nnmairix} groups, the
+``zz_mairix-*'' groups will accumulate on the mail back end server. To
+delete old groups which are no longer needed, call
+@code{nnmairix-purge-old-groups}. Note that this assumes that you don't
+save any ``real'' mail in folders of the form
+@code{zz_mairix-<NAME>-<NUMBER>}. You can change the prefix of
+@code{nnmairix} groups by changing the variable
+@code{nnmairix-group-prefix}.
+
+@item
+The following only applies if you @emph{don't} use the mentioned patch
+for mairix (@pxref{Propagating marks}):
+
+A problem can occur when using @code{nnmairix} with maildir folders and
+comes with the fact that maildir stores mail flags like @samp{Seen} or
+@samp{Replied} by appending chars @samp{S} and @samp{R} to the message
+file name, respectively. This implies that currently you would have to
+update the mairix database not only when new mail arrives, but also when
+mail flags are changing. The same applies to new mails which are indexed
+while they are still in the @samp{new} folder but then get moved to
+@samp{cur} when Gnus has seen the mail. If you don't update the database
+after this has happened, a mairix query can lead to symlinks pointing to
+non-existing files. In Gnus, these messages will usually appear with
+``(none)'' entries in the header and can't be accessed. If this happens
+to you, using @kbd{G b u} and updating the group will usually fix this.
+
+@end itemize
+
@node Misc Group Stuff
@section Misc Group Stuff
Groups matching this regexp will always be listed in the group buffer,
whether they are empty or not.
-@item gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist
-@vindex gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist
-An alist of method and the charset for group names. It is used to show
-non-@acronym{ASCII} group names.
-
-For example:
-@lisp
-(setq gnus-group-name-charset-method-alist
- '(((nntp "news.com.cn") . cn-gb-2312)))
-@end lisp
-
-@item gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist
-@cindex UTF-8 group names
-@vindex gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist
-An alist of regexp of group name and the charset for group names. It
-is used to show non-@acronym{ASCII} group names. @code{((".*"
-utf-8))} is the default value if UTF-8 is supported, otherwise the
-default is @code{nil}.
-
-For example:
-@lisp
-(setq gnus-group-name-charset-group-alist
- '(("\\.com\\.cn:" . cn-gb-2312)))
-@end lisp
-
@end table
@node Scanning New Messages
visible effects, but is useful if you use the @kbd{A T} command a lot
(@pxref{Finding the Parent}).
+The server has to support @acronym{NOV} for any of this to work.
+
+@cindex Gmane, gnus-fetch-old-headers
+This feature can seriously impact performance it ignores all locally
+cached header entries. Setting it to @code{t} for groups for a server
+that doesn't expire articles (such as news.gmane.org), leads to very
+slow summary generation.
+
@item gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers
@vindex gnus-fetch-old-ephemeral-headers
Same as @code{gnus-fetch-old-headers}, but only used for ephemeral
@findex gnus-thread-sort-by-total-score
@findex gnus-thread-sort-by-date
-@findex gnus-thread-sort-by-date-reverse
@findex gnus-thread-sort-by-score
@findex gnus-thread-sort-by-subject
@findex gnus-thread-sort-by-author
predicate functions include @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-number},
@code{gnus-thread-sort-by-author}, @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-recipient},
@code{gnus-thread-sort-by-subject},
-@code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date}, @code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date-reverse},
+@code{gnus-thread-sort-by-date},
@code{gnus-thread-sort-by-score},
@code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-number},
@code{gnus-thread-sort-by-most-recent-date},
@findex gnus-article-sort-functions
@findex gnus-article-sort-by-date
+@findex gnus-article-sort-by-most-recent-date
@findex gnus-article-sort-by-score
@findex gnus-article-sort-by-subject
@findex gnus-article-sort-by-author
@findex gnus-article-sort-by-random
@findex gnus-article-sort-by-number
+@findex gnus-article-sort-by-most-recent-number
If you are using an unthreaded display for some strange reason or
other, you have to fiddle with the @code{gnus-article-sort-functions}
variable. It is very similar to the
@kindex O p (Summary)
@kindex | (Summary)
@findex gnus-summary-pipe-output
+@vindex gnus-summary-pipe-output-default-command
Save the current article in a pipe. Uhm, like, what I mean is---Pipe
the current article to a process (@code{gnus-summary-pipe-output}).
If given a symbolic prefix (@pxref{Symbolic Prefixes}), include the
-complete headers in the piped output.
+complete headers in the piped output. The symbolic prefix @code{r} is
+special; it lets this command pipe a raw article including all headers.
+The @code{gnus-summary-pipe-output-default-command} variable can be set
+to a string containing the default command and options (default
+@code{nil}).
@item O P
@kindex O P (Summary)
@findex gnus-summary-save-in-vm
Save the article in a VM folder. You have to have the VM mail
reader to use this setting.
+
+@item gnus-summary-save-in-pipe
+@findex gnus-summary-save-in-pipe
+Pipe the article to a shell command. This function takes optional two
+arguments COMMAND and RAW. Valid values for COMMAND include:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item a string@*
+The executable command name and possibly arguments.
+@item @code{nil}@*
+You will be prompted for the command in the minibuffer.
+@item the symbol @code{default}@*
+It will be replaced with the command which the variable
+@code{gnus-summary-pipe-output-default-command} holds or the command
+last used for saving.
+@end itemize
+
+Non-@code{nil} value for RAW overrides @code{:decode} and
+@code{:headers} properties (see below) and the raw article including all
+headers will be piped.
@end table
The symbol of each function may have the following properties:
The value non-@code{nil} means save decoded articles. This is
meaningful only with @code{gnus-summary-save-in-file},
@code{gnus-summary-save-body-in-file},
-@code{gnus-summary-write-to-file}, and
-@code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}.
+@code{gnus-summary-write-to-file},
+@code{gnus-summary-write-body-to-file}, and
+@code{gnus-summary-save-in-pipe}.
@item :function
The value specifies an alternative function which appends, not
@findex gnus-uu-decode-binhex
Unbinhex the current series (@code{gnus-uu-decode-binhex}). This
doesn't really work yet.
+
+@item X Y
+@kindex X Y (Summary)
+@findex gnus-uu-decode-yenc
+yEnc-decode the current series and save it (@code{gnus-uu-decode-yenc}).
@end table
the same manner:
@table @kbd
+@item K H
+@kindex K H (Summary)
+@findex gnus-article-browse-html-article
+View @samp{text/html} parts of the current article with a WWW browser.
+The message header is added to the beginning of every html part unless
+the prefix argument is given.
+
+Warning: Spammers use links to images in HTML articles to verify whether
+you have read the message. As this command passes the @acronym{HTML}
+content to the browser without eliminating these ``web bugs'' you should
+only use it for mails from trusted senders.
+
+If you always want to display @acronym{HTML} parts in the browser, set
+@code{mm-text-html-renderer} to @code{nil}.
+
@item K b
@kindex K b (Summary)
Make all the @acronym{MIME} parts have buttons in front of them. This is
If non-@code{nil}, Gnus won't require the @samp{MIME-Version} header
before interpreting the message as a @acronym{MIME} message. This helps
when reading messages from certain broken mail user agents. The
-default is @code{nil}.
+default is @code{t}.
@item gnus-article-emulate-mime
@vindex gnus-article-emulate-mime
@item gnus-mime-display-multipart-related-as-mixed
Display "multipart/related" parts as "multipart/mixed".
-If displaying "text/html" is discouraged, see
+If displaying @samp{text/html} is discouraged, see
@code{mm-discouraged-alternatives}, images or other material inside a
"multipart/related" part might be overlooked when this variable is
@code{nil}. @ref{Display Customization, Display Customization, ,
@findex gnus-summary-sort-by-number
Sort by article number (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-number}).
+@item C-c C-s C-m C-n
+@kindex C-c C-s C-n (Summary)
+@findex gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-number
+Sort by most recent article number
+(@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-number}).
+
@item C-c C-s C-a
@kindex C-c C-s C-a (Summary)
@findex gnus-summary-sort-by-author
@findex gnus-summary-sort-by-date
Sort by date (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-date}).
+@item C-c C-s C-m C-d
+@kindex C-c C-s C-m C-d (Summary)
+@findex gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-date
+Sort by most recent date (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-most-recent-date}).
+
@item C-c C-s C-l
@kindex C-c C-s C-l (Summary)
@findex gnus-summary-sort-by-lines
toggle whether to use threading, type @kbd{T T} (@pxref{Thread
Commands}).
+If a prefix argument if given, the sort order is reversed.
+
@node Finding the Parent
@section Finding the Parent
@end lisp
Also @pxref{Group Parameters}.
+
+@vindex gnus-propagate-marks
+@item gnus-propagate-marks
+If non-@code{nil}, propagate marks to the backends for possible
+storing. @xref{NNTP marks}, and friends, for a more fine-grained
+sieve.
+
@end table
your news admin until she includes the @code{Xref} header in the
overview files.
-@vindex gnus-nov-is-evil
If you want Gnus to get the @code{Xref}s right all the time, you have to
-set @code{gnus-nov-is-evil} to @code{t}, which slows things down
-considerably.
+set @code{nntp-nov-is-evil} to @code{t}, which slows things down
+considerably. Also @pxref{Slow/Expensive Connection}.
C'est la vie.
@item i (Article)
@kindex i (Article)
Insert the contents of the @acronym{MIME} object into the buffer
-(@code{gnus-mime-inline-part}) as text/plain. If given a prefix, insert
+(@code{gnus-mime-inline-part}) as @samp{text/plain}. If given a prefix, insert
the raw contents without decoding. If given a numerical prefix, you can
do semi-manual charset stuff (see
@code{gnus-summary-show-article-charset-alist} in @ref{Paging the
@kindex R (Article)
@findex gnus-article-reply-with-original
Send a reply to the current article and yank the current article
-(@code{gnus-article-reply-with-original}). If given a prefix, make a
-wide reply. If the region is active, only yank the text in the
-region.
+(@code{gnus-article-reply-with-original}). If the region is active,
+only yank the text in the region.
+
+@item S W
+@kindex S W (Article)
+@findex gnus-article-wide-reply-with-original
+Send a wide reply to the current article and yank the current article
+(@code{gnus-article-wide-reply-with-original}). If the region is
+active, only yank the text in the region.
@item F
@kindex F (Article)
@findex gnus-article-followup-with-original
Send a followup to the current article and yank the current article
-(@code{gnus-article-followup-with-original}). If given a prefix, make
-a wide reply. If the region is active, only yank the text in the
-region.
+(@code{gnus-article-followup-with-original}). If the region is active,
+only yank the text in the region.
@end table
Displayed when Gnus has treated overstrike characters in the article buffer.
@item e
-Displayed when Gnus has treated emphasised strings in the article buffer.
+Displayed when Gnus has treated emphasized strings in the article buffer.
@end table
Finally, if you want to always post using the native select method,
you can set this variable to @code{native}.
-When sending mail, Message invokes @code{message-send-mail-function}.
-The default function, @code{message-send-mail-with-sendmail}, pipes
-your article to the @code{sendmail} binary for further queuing and
-sending. When your local system is not configured for sending mail
-using @code{sendmail}, and you have access to a remote @acronym{SMTP}
-server, you can set @code{message-send-mail-function} to
-@code{smtpmail-send-it} and make sure to setup the @code{smtpmail}
-package correctly. An example:
-
-@lisp
-(setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it
- smtpmail-default-smtp-server "YOUR SMTP HOST")
-@end lisp
-
-To the thing similar to this, there is
-@code{message-smtpmail-send-it}. It is useful if your @acronym{ISP}
-requires the @acronym{POP}-before-@acronym{SMTP} authentication.
-@xref{POP before SMTP}.
-
-Other possible choices for @code{message-send-mail-function} includes
-@code{message-send-mail-with-mh}, @code{message-send-mail-with-qmail},
-and @code{feedmail-send-it}.
+@vindex message-send-mail-function
+When sending mail, Message invokes the function specified by the
+variable @code{message-send-mail-function}. Gnus tries to set it to a
+value suitable for your system.
+@xref{Mail Variables, ,Mail Variables,message,Message manual}, for more
+information.
@node POP before SMTP
@section POP before SMTP
If you are behind a firewall and only have access to the @acronym{NNTP}
server from the firewall machine, you can instruct Gnus to @code{rlogin}
-on the firewall machine and telnet from there to the @acronym{NNTP} server.
+on the firewall machine and connect with
+@uref{http://netcat.sourceforge.net/, netcat} from there to the
+@acronym{NNTP} server.
Doing this can be rather fiddly, but your virtual server definition
should probably look something like this:
@lisp
(nntp "firewall"
- (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet)
+ (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat)
(nntp-via-address "the.firewall.machine")
- (nntp-address "the.real.nntp.host")
- (nntp-end-of-line "\n"))
+ (nntp-address "the.real.nntp.host"))
@end lisp
If you want to use the wonderful @code{ssh} program to provide a
See also @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches}. Here's an example for
an indirect connection:
+
@lisp
(setq gnus-select-method
'(nntp "indirect"
(nntp-via-user-name "intermediate_user_name")
(nntp-via-address "intermediate.host.example")
(nntp-via-rlogin-command "ssh")
- (nntp-end-of-line "\n")
- (nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches ("-C" "-t" "-e" "none"))
- (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet)))
+ (nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches ("-C"))
+ (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat)))
@end lisp
+This means that you have to have set up @code{ssh-agent} correctly to
+provide automatic authorization, of course.
+
If you're behind a firewall, but have direct access to the outside world
through a wrapper command like "runsocks", you could open a socksified
-telnet connection to the news server as follows:
+netcat connection to the news server as follows:
@lisp
(nntp "outside"
(nntp-pre-command "runsocks")
- (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-via-telnet)
- (nntp-address "the.news.server")
- (nntp-end-of-line "\n"))
+ (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-netcat-stream)
+ (nntp-address "the.news.server"))
@end lisp
-This means that you have to have set up @code{ssh-agent} correctly to
-provide automatic authorization, of course. And to get a compressed
-connection, you have to have the @samp{Compression} option in the
-@code{ssh} @file{config} file.
-
@node Creating a Virtual Server
@subsection Creating a Virtual Server
(nntp-address "snews.bar.com"))
@end lisp
-@findex nntp-open-telnet-stream
-@item nntp-open-telnet-stream
-Opens a connection to an @acronym{NNTP} server by simply @samp{telnet}'ing
-it. You might wonder why this function exists, since we have the
-default @code{nntp-open-network-stream} which would do the job. (One
+@findex nntp-open-netcat-stream
+@item nntp-open-netcat-stream
+Opens a connection to an @acronym{NNTP} server using the @code{netcat}
+program. You might wonder why this function exists, since we have
+the default @code{nntp-open-network-stream} which would do the job. (One
of) the reason(s) is that if you are behind a firewall but have direct
connections to the outside world thanks to a command wrapper like
@code{runsocks}, you can use it like this:
@lisp
(nntp "socksified"
(nntp-pre-command "runsocks")
- (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-telnet-stream)
+ (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-netcat-stream)
(nntp-address "the.news.server"))
@end lisp
With the default method, you would need to wrap your whole Emacs
session, which is not a good idea.
+
+@findex nntp-open-telnet-stream
+@item nntp-open-telnet-stream
+Like @code{nntp-open-netcat-stream}, but uses @code{telnet} rather than
+@code{netcat}. @code{telnet} is a bit less robust because of things
+like line-end-conversion, but sometimes netcat is simply
+not available. The previous example would turn into:
+
+@lisp
+(nntp "socksified"
+ (nntp-pre-command "runsocks")
+ (nntp-open-connection-function nntp-open-telnet-stream)
+ (nntp-address "the.news.server")
+ (nntp-end-of-line "\n"))
+@end lisp
@end table
commonly understood variables (@pxref{Common Variables}).
@table @code
-@item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet
-@findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet
-Does an @samp{rlogin} on a remote system, and then does a @samp{telnet}
+@item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat
+@findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat
+Does an @samp{rlogin} on a remote system, and then uses @code{netcat} to connect
to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from there. This is useful for instance if
you need to connect to a firewall machine first.
-@code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet}-specific variables:
+@code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat}-specific variables:
@table @code
@item nntp-via-rlogin-command
List of strings to be used as the switches to
@code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}. The default is @code{nil}. If you use
@samp{ssh} for @code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}, you may set this to
-@samp{("-C")} in order to compress all data connections, otherwise set
-this to @samp{("-t" "-e" "none")} or @samp{("-C" "-t" "-e" "none")} if
-the telnet command requires a pseudo-tty allocation on an intermediate
-host.
+@samp{("-C")} in order to compress all data connections.
@end table
-Note that you may want to change the value for @code{nntp-end-of-line}
-to @samp{\n} (@pxref{Common Variables}).
-
-@item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat
-@findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat
-Does essentially the same, but uses
-@uref{http://netcat.sourceforge.net/, netcat} instead of @samp{telnet}
+@item nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet
+@findex nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet
+Does essentially the same, but uses @code{telnet} instead of @samp{netcat}
to connect to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from the intermediate host.
+@code{telnet} is a bit less robust because of things like
+line-end-conversion, but sometimes @code{netcat} is simply not available.
-@code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-netcat}-specific variables:
+@code{nntp-open-via-rlogin-and-telnet}-specific variables:
@table @code
-@item nntp-via-netcat-command
-@vindex nntp-via-netcat-command
+@item nntp-telnet-command
+@vindex nntp-telnet-command
Command used to connect to the real @acronym{NNTP} server from the
-intermediate host. The default is @samp{nc}. You can also use other
-programs like @uref{http://www.imasy.or.jp/~gotoh/ssh/connect.html,
-connect} instead.
+intermediate host. The default is @samp{telnet}.
-@item nntp-via-netcat-switches
-@vindex nntp-via-netcat-switches
+@item nntp-telnet-switches
+@vindex nntp-telnet-switches
List of strings to be used as the switches to the
-@code{nntp-via-telnet-command} command. The default is @code{nil}.
+@code{nntp-telnet-command} command. The default is @code{("-8")}.
@item nntp-via-rlogin-command
@vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command
@item nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches
@vindex nntp-via-rlogin-command-switches
List of strings to be used as the switches to
-@code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}. The default is @code{nil}.
+@code{nntp-via-rlogin-command}. If you use @samp{ssh}, you may need to set
+this to @samp{("-t" "-e" "none")} or @samp{("-C" "-t" "-e" "none")} if
+the telnet command requires a pseudo-tty allocation on an intermediate
+host. The default is @code{nil}.
@end table
+Note that you may want to change the value for @code{nntp-end-of-line}
+to @samp{\n} (@pxref{Common Variables}).
+
@item nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet
@findex nntp-open-via-telnet-and-telnet
Does essentially the same, but uses @samp{telnet} instead of
server. This is @samp{\r\n} by default, but should be @samp{\n} when
using a non native telnet connection function.
-@item nntp-telnet-command
-@vindex nntp-telnet-command
+@item nntp-netcat-command
+@vindex nntp-netcat-command
Command to use when connecting to the @acronym{NNTP} server through
-@samp{telnet}. This is @emph{not} for an intermediate host. This is
+@samp{netcat}. This is @emph{not} for an intermediate host. This is
just for the real @acronym{NNTP} server. The default is
-@samp{telnet}.
+@samp{nc}.
-@item nntp-telnet-switches
-@vindex nntp-telnet-switches
-A list of switches to pass to @code{nntp-telnet-command}. The default
-is @samp{("-8")}.
+@item nntp-netcat-switches
+@vindex nntp-netcat-switches
+A list of switches to pass to @code{nntp-netcat-command}. The default
+is @samp{()}.
@end table
@dfn{keywords}. Keywords that are not explicitly specified are given
default values.
+The @code{mail-sources} is global for all mail groups. You can specify
+an additional mail source for a particular group by including the
+@code{group} mail specifier in @code{mail-sources}, and setting a
+@code{mail-source} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) specifying
+a single mail source. When this is used, @code{mail-sources} is
+typically just @code{(group)}; the @code{mail-source} parameter for a
+group might look like this:
+
+@lisp
+(mail-source . (file :path "home/user/spools/foo.spool"))
+@end lisp
+
+This means that the group's (and only this group's) messages will be
+fetched from the spool file @samp{/user/spools/foo.spool}.
+
The following mail source types are available:
@table @code
@item :mailbox
The name of the mailbox to get mail from. The default is @samp{INBOX}
-which normally is the mailbox which receive incoming mail.
+which normally is the mailbox which receives incoming mail.
@item :predicate
The predicate used to find articles to fetch. The default, @samp{UNSEEN
:user "user-name"
:password "secret")
@end lisp
+
+@item group
+Get the actual mail source from the @code{mail-source} group parameter,
+@xref{Group Parameters}.
+
@end table
@table @dfn
File where mail will be stored while processing it. The default is@*
@file{~/.emacs-mail-crash-box}.
+@cindex Incoming*
@item mail-source-delete-incoming
@vindex mail-source-delete-incoming
If non-@code{nil}, delete incoming files after handling them. If
@code{t}, delete the files immediately, if @code{nil}, never delete any
files. If a positive number, delete files older than number of days
-(This will only happen, when receiving new mail). You may also set
-@code{mail-source-delete-incoming} to @code{nil} and call
+(the deletion will only happen when receiving new mail). You may also
+set @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} to @code{nil} and call
@code{mail-source-delete-old-incoming} from a hook or interactively.
+@code{mail-source-delete-incoming} defaults to @code{10} in alpha Gnusae
+and @code{2} in released Gnusae. @xref{Gnus Development}.
@item mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm
@vindex mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm
@subsubsection Fetching Mail
@vindex mail-sources
-@vindex nnmail-spool-file
The way to actually tell Gnus where to get new mail from is to set
@code{mail-sources} to a list of mail source specifiers
(@pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}).
-If this variable (and the obsolescent @code{nnmail-spool-file}) is
-@code{nil}, the mail back ends will never attempt to fetch mail by
-themselves.
+If this variable is @code{nil}, the mail back ends will never attempt to
+fetch mail by themselves.
If you want to fetch mail both from your local spool as well as a
@acronym{POP} mail server, you'd say something like:
"string.group"))))
@end lisp
-The buffer is narrowed to the message in question when @var{function}
-is run. That's why @code{(widen)} needs to be called after
-@code{save-excursion} and @code{save-restriction} in the example
-above. Also note that with the nnimap back end, message bodies will
+The buffer is narrowed to the header of the message in question when
+@var{function} is run. That's why @code{(widen)} needs to be called
+after @code{save-excursion} and @code{save-restriction} in the example
+above. Also note that with the nnimap backend, message bodies will
not be downloaded by default. You need to set
@code{nnimap-split-download-body} to @code{t} to do that
(@pxref{Splitting in IMAP}).
(add-to-list 'nnmail-extra-headers nnrss-url-field)
@end lisp
-Even if you have added @code{"text/html"} to the
+Even if you have added @samp{text/html} to the
@code{mm-discouraged-alternatives} variable (@pxref{Display
Customization, ,Display Customization, emacs-mime, The Emacs MIME
Manual}) since you don't want to see @acronym{HTML} parts, it might be
This function is hooked into the @code{nndiary} back end, so that
moving or copying an article to a diary group will trigger it
-automatically. It is also bound to @kbd{C-c D c} in @code{message-mode}
-and @code{article-edit-mode} in order to ease the process of converting
-a usual mail to a diary one.
+automatically. It is also bound to @kbd{C-c C-f d} in
+@code{message-mode} and @code{article-edit-mode} in order to ease the
+process of converting a usual mail to a diary one.
This function takes a prefix argument which will force prompting of
all diary headers, regardless of their presence or validity. That way,
@table @code
@item short
-True iff the article is shorter than @code{gnus-agent-short-article}
+True if the article is shorter than @code{gnus-agent-short-article}
lines; default 100.
@item long
-True iff the article is longer than @code{gnus-agent-long-article}
+True if the article is longer than @code{gnus-agent-long-article}
lines; default 200.
@item low
-True iff the article has a download score less than
+True if the article has a download score less than
@code{gnus-agent-low-score}; default 0.
@item high
-True iff the article has a download score greater than
+True if the article has a download score greater than
@code{gnus-agent-high-score}; default 0.
@item spam
-True iff the Gnus Agent guesses that the article is spam. The
+True if the Gnus Agent guesses that the article is spam. The
heuristics may change over time, but at present it just computes a
checksum and sees whether articles match.
@vindex gnus-score-uncacheable-files
@cindex score cache
All score files are normally cached to avoid excessive re-loading of
-score files. However, if this might make your Emacs grow big and
+score files. However, this might make your Emacs grow big and
bloated, so this regexp can be used to weed out score files unlikely
to be needed again. It would be a bad idea to deny caching of
@file{all.SCORE}, while it might be a good idea to not cache
@item C-c C-c
@kindex C-c C-c (Score)
-@findex gnus-score-edit-done
+@findex gnus-score-edit-exit
Save the changes you have made and return to the summary buffer
-(@code{gnus-score-edit-done}).
+(@code{gnus-score-edit-exit}).
@item C-c C-d
@kindex C-c C-d (Score)
that Gnus has to request every single article from the back end to find
matches. This takes a long time in big groups.
-Now, there's not much you can do about this for news groups, but for
+@vindex gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring
+You can inhibit this slow scoring on headers or body by setting the
+variable @code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring}. If
+@code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring} is regexp, slow scoring is inhibited if
+the group matches the regexp. If it is t, slow scoring on it is
+inhibited for all groups.
+
+Now, there's not much you can do about the slowness for news groups, but for
mail groups, you have greater control. In @ref{To From Newsgroups},
it's explained in greater detail what this mechanism does, but here's
a cookbook example for @code{nnml} on how to allow scoring on the
See? Simple.
-@vindex gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring
-You can inhibit scoring the slow scoring on headers or body by setting
-the variable @code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring}. If
-@code{gnus-inhibit-slow-scoring} is regexp, slow scoring is inhibited if
-the group matches the regexp. If it is t, slow scoring on it is
-inhibited for all groups.
-
@node Scoring Tips
@section Scoring Tips
* Fuzzy Matching:: What's the big fuzz?
* Thwarting Email Spam:: Simple ways to avoid unsolicited commercial email.
* Spam Package:: A package for filtering and processing spam.
+* The Gnus Registry:: A package for tracking messages by Message-ID.
* Other modes:: Interaction with other modes.
* Various Various:: Things that are really various.
@end menu
@node Formatting Fonts
@subsection Formatting Fonts
+@cindex %(, %)
+@vindex gnus-mouse-face
There are specs for highlighting, and these are shared by all the format
variables. Text inside the @samp{%(} and @samp{%)} specifiers will get
the special @code{mouse-face} property set, which means that it will be
highlighted (with @code{gnus-mouse-face}) when you put the mouse pointer
over it.
+@cindex %@{, %@}
+@vindex gnus-face-0
Text inside the @samp{%@{} and @samp{%@}} specifiers will have their
normal faces set using @code{gnus-face-0}, which is @code{bold} by
default. If you say @samp{%1@{}, you'll get @code{gnus-face-1} instead,
@code{mouse-face} specs---you can say @samp{%3(hello%)} to have
@samp{hello} mouse-highlighted with @code{gnus-mouse-face-3}.
+@cindex %<<, %>>, guillemets
+@c @cindex %<<, %>>, %«, %», guillemets
+@vindex gnus-balloon-face-0
Text inside the @samp{%<<} and @samp{%>>} specifiers will get the
special @code{balloon-help} property set to
@code{gnus-balloon-face-0}. If you say @samp{%1<<}, you'll get
@c @anchor{X-Face}
Viewing an @code{X-Face} header either requires an Emacs that has
-@samp{compface} support (which most XEmacs versions has), or that you
+@samp{compface} support (which most XEmacs versions have), or that you
have suitable conversion or display programs installed. If your Emacs
has image support the default action is to display the face before the
@code{From} header. If there's no native @code{X-Face} support, Gnus
the picture; and the third element is the name of the file to be
displayed.
-The following variables customize where Smiley will look for these
-files:
+The following variables customize the appearance of the smileys:
@table @code
+@item smiley-style
+@vindex smiley-style
+Specifies the smiley style. Predefined smiley styles include
+@code{low-color} (small 13x14 pixel, three-color images), @code{medium}
+(more colorful images, 16x16 pixel), and @code{grayscale} (grayscale
+images, 14x14 pixel). The default depends on the height of the default
+face.
+
@item smiley-data-directory
@vindex smiley-data-directory
-Where Smiley will look for smiley faces files.
+Where Smiley will look for smiley faces files. You shouldn't set this
+variable anymore. Customize @code{smiley-style} instead.
@item gnus-smiley-file-types
@vindex gnus-smiley-file-types
spam. And here is the nifty function:
@lisp
- (defun my-gnus-raze-spam ()
+(defun my-gnus-raze-spam ()
"Submit SPAM to Vipul's Razor, then mark it as expirable."
(interactive)
- (gnus-summary-show-raw-article)
- (gnus-summary-save-in-pipe "razor-report -f -d")
+ (gnus-summary-save-in-pipe "razor-report -f -d" t)
(gnus-summary-mark-as-expirable 1))
@end lisp
Save table: (spam-stat-save)
@end smallexample
+@node The Gnus Registry
+@section The Gnus Registry
+@cindex registry
+@cindex split
+@cindex track
+
+The Gnus registry is a package that tracks messages by their
+Message-ID across all backends. This allows Gnus users to do several
+cool things, be the envy of the locals, get free haircuts, and be
+experts on world issues. Well, maybe not all of those, but the
+features are pretty cool.
+
+Although they will be explained in detail shortly, here's a quick list
+of said features in case your attention span is... never mind.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Split messages to their parent
+
+This keeps discussions in the same group. You can use the subject and
+the sender in addition to the Message-ID. Several strategies are
+available.
+
+@item
+Store custom flags and keywords
+
+The registry can store custom flags and keywords for a message. For
+instance, you can mark a message ``To-Do'' this way and the flag will
+persist whether the message is in the nnimap, nnml, nnmaildir,
+etc. backends.
+
+@item
+Store arbitrary data
+
+Through a simple ELisp API, the registry can remember any data for a
+message. A built-in inverse map, when activated, allows quick lookups
+of all messages matching a particular set of criteria.
+@end enumerate
+
+@menu
+* Setup::
+* Fancy splitting to parent::
+* Store custom flags and keywords::
+* Store arbitrary data::
+@end menu
+
+@node Setup
+@subsection Setup
+
+Fortunately, setting up the Gnus registry is pretty easy:
+
+@lisp
+(setq gnus-registry-max-entries 2500
+ gnus-registry-use-long-group-names t)
+
+(gnus-registry-initialize)
+@end lisp
+
+This adds registry saves to Gnus newsrc saves (which happen on exit
+and when you press @kbd{s} from the @code{*Group*} buffer. It also
+adds registry calls to article actions in Gnus (copy, move, etc.) so
+it's not easy to undo the initialization. See
+@code{gnus-registry-initialize} for the gory details.
+
+Here are other settings used by the author of the registry (understand
+what they do before you copy them blindly).
+
+@lisp
+(setq
+ gnus-registry-split-strategy 'majority
+ gnus-registry-ignored-groups '(("nntp" t)
+ ("nnrss" t)
+ ("spam" t)
+ ("train" t))
+ gnus-registry-max-entries 500000
+ gnus-registry-use-long-group-names t
+ gnus-registry-track-extra '(sender subject))
+@end lisp
+
+They say: keep a lot of messages around, use long group names, track
+messages by sender and subject (not just parent Message-ID), and when
+the registry splits incoming mail, use a majority rule to decide where
+messages should go if there's more than one possibility. In addition,
+the registry should ignore messages in groups that match ``nntp'',
+``nnrss'', ``spam'', or ``train.''
+
+You are doubtless impressed by all this, but you ask: ``I am a Gnus
+user, I customize to live. Give me more.'' Here you go, these are
+the general settings.
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-unfollowed-groups
+The groups that will not be followed by
+@code{gnus-registry-split-fancy-with-parent}. They will still be
+remembered by the registry. This is a list of regular expressions.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-ignored-groups
+The groups that will not be remembered by the registry. This is a
+list of regular expressions, also available through Group/Topic
+customization (so you can ignore or keep a specific group or a whole
+topic).
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-use-long-group-names
+Whether the registry will use long group names. It's recommended to
+set this to @code{t}, although everything works if you don't. Future
+functionality will require it.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-max-entries
+The number (an integer or @code{nil} for unlimited) of entries the
+registry will keep.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-cache-file
+The file where the registry will be stored between Gnus sessions.
+@end defvar
+
+@node Fancy splitting to parent
+@subsection Fancy splitting to parent
+
+Simply put, this lets you put followup e-mail where it belongs.
+
+Every message has a Message-ID, which is unique, and the registry
+remembers it. When the message is moved or copied, the registry will
+notice this and offer the new group as a choice to the splitting
+strategy.
+
+When a followup is made, usually it mentions the original message's
+Message-ID in the headers. The registry knows this and uses that
+mention to find the group where the original message lives. You only
+have to put a rule like this:
+
+@lisp
+(setq nnimap-my-split-fancy '(|
+
+ ;; split to parent: you need this
+ (: gnus-registry-split-fancy-with-parent)
+
+ ;; other rules, as an example
+ (: spam-split)
+ ;; default mailbox
+ "mail")
+@end lisp
+
+in your fancy split setup. In addition, you may want to customize the
+following variables.
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-track-extra
+This is a list of symbols, so it's best to change it from the
+Customize interface. By default it's @code{nil}, but you may want to
+track @code{subject} and @code{sender} as well when splitting by parent.
+It may work for you. It can be annoying if your mail flow is large and
+people don't stick to the same groups.
+@end defvar
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-split-strategy
+This is a symbol, so it's best to change it from the Customize
+interface. By default it's @code{nil}, but you may want to set it to
+@code{majority} or @code{first} to split by sender or subject based on
+the majority of matches or on the first found.
+@end defvar
+
+@node Store custom flags and keywords
+@subsection Store custom flags and keywords
+
+The registry lets you set custom flags and keywords per message. You
+can use the Gnus->Registry Marks menu or the @kbd{M M x} keyboard
+shortcuts, where @code{x} is the first letter of the mark's name.
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-marks
+The custom marks that the registry can use. You can modify the
+default list, if you like. If you do, you'll have to exit Emacs
+before they take effect (you can also unload the registry and reload
+it or evaluate the specific macros you'll need, but you probably don't
+want to bother). Use the Customize interface to modify the list.
+
+By default this list has the @code{Important}, @code{Work},
+@code{Personal}, @code{To-Do}, and @code{Later} marks. They all have
+keyboard shortcuts like @kbd{M M i} for Important, using the first
+letter.
+@end defvar
+
+@defun gnus-registry-mark-article
+Call this function to mark an article with a custom registry mark. It
+will offer the available marks for completion.
+@end defun
+
+@node Store arbitrary data
+@subsection Store arbitrary data
+
+The registry has a simple API that uses a Message-ID as the key to
+store arbitrary data (as long as it can be converted to a list for
+storage).
+
+@defun gnus-registry-store-extra-entry (id key value)
+Store @code{value} in the extra data key @code{key} for message
+@code{id}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun gnus-registry-delete-extra-entry (id key)
+Delete the extra data key @code{key} for message @code{id}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun gnus-registry-fetch-extra (id key)
+Get the extra data key @code{key} for message @code{id}.
+@end defun
+
+@defvar gnus-registry-extra-entries-precious
+If any extra entries are precious, their presence will make the
+registry keep the whole entry forever, even if there are no groups for
+the Message-ID and if the size limit of the registry is reached. By
+default this is just @code{(marks)} so the custom registry marks are
+precious.
+@end defvar
+
@node Other modes
@section Interaction with other modes
@cindex Mule
@cindex Emacs
-Gnus should work on:
+This version of Gnus should work on:
@itemize @bullet
Emacs versions. Particularly, Gnus 5.10.8 should also work on Emacs
20.7 and XEmacs 21.1.
-There are some vague differences between Gnus on the various
-platforms---XEmacs features more graphics (a logo and a toolbar)---but
-other than that, things should look pretty much the same under all
-Emacsen.
-
+@c No-merge comment: The paragraph added in v5-10 here must not be
+@c synced here!
@node Gnus Development
@subsection Gnus Development
Gnus is developed in a two-phased cycle. The first phase involves much
-discussion on the @samp{ding@@gnus.org} mailing list, where people
+discussion on the development mailing list @samp{ding@@gnus.org}, where people
propose changes and new features, post patches and new back ends. This
phase is called the @dfn{alpha} phase, since the Gnusae released in this
phase are @dfn{alpha releases}, or (perhaps more commonly in other
circles) @dfn{snapshots}. During this phase, Gnus is assumed to be
unstable and should not be used by casual users. Gnus alpha releases
-have names like ``Red Gnus'' and ``Quassia Gnus''.
+have names like ``Oort Gnus'' and ``No Gnus''. @xref{Gnus Versions}.
-After futzing around for 50-100 alpha releases, Gnus is declared
+After futzing around for 10-100 alpha releases, Gnus is declared
@dfn{frozen}, and only bug fixes are applied. Gnus loses the prefix,
-and is called things like ``Gnus 5.6.32'' instead. Normal people are
+and is called things like ``Gnus 5.10.1'' instead. Normal people are
supposed to be able to use these, and these are mostly discussed on the
-@samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} newsgroup.
+@samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} newsgroup. This newgroup is mirrored to the
+mailing list @samp{info-gnus-english@@gnu.org} which is carried on Gmane
+as @samp{gmane.emacs.gnus.user}. These releases are finally integrated
+in Emacs.
@cindex Incoming*
@vindex mail-source-delete-incoming
-Some variable defaults differ between alpha Gnusae and released Gnusae.
-In particular, @code{mail-source-delete-incoming} defaults to @code{nil} in
-alpha Gnusae and @code{t} in released Gnusae. This is to prevent
+Some variable defaults differ between alpha Gnusae and released Gnusae,
+in particular, @code{mail-source-delete-incoming}. This is to prevent
lossage of mail if an alpha release hiccups while handling the mail.
+@xref{Mail Source Customization}.
The division of discussion between the ding mailing list and the Gnus
newsgroup is not purely based on publicity concerns. It's true that
usually keep up with these rapid changes, while people on the newsgroup
can't be assumed to do so.
+So if you have problems with or questions about the alpha versions,
+direct those to the ding mailing list @samp{ding@@gnus.org}. This list
+is also available on Gmane as @samp{gmane.emacs.gnus.general}.
+@cindex Incoming*
+@vindex mail-source-delete-incoming
+Some variable defaults differ between alpha Gnusae and released Gnusae,
+in particular, @code{mail-source-delete-incoming}. This is to prevent
+lossage of mail if an alpha release hiccups while handling the mail.
+@xref{Mail Source Customization}.
@node Contributors
@subsection Contributors
Use @file{make.bat} if you want to install Gnus under MS Windows, the
first argument to the batch-program should be the directory where
-@file{xemacs.exe} respectively @file{emacs.exe} is located, iff you want
+@file{xemacs.exe} respectively @file{emacs.exe} is located, if you want
to install Gnus after compiling it, give @file{make.bat} @code{/copy} as
the second parameter.
("^han\\>" euc-kr) -> ("\\(^\\|:\\)han\\>" euc-kr)
@end lisp
+@item
+Old intermediate incoming mail files (@file{Incoming*}) are deleted
+after a couple of days, not immediately. @xref{Mail Source
+Customization}. (New in Gnus 5.10.10 / Emacs 22.2)
+
@end itemize
@item Changes in summary and article mode
@item
Gnus no longer generate the Sender: header automatically.
-Earlier it was generated iff the user configurable email address was
+Earlier it was generated when the user configurable email address was
different from the Gnus guessed default user address. As the guessing
algorithm is rarely correct these days, and (more controversially) the
only use of the Sender: header was to check if you are entitled to
@item You can now drag and drop attachments to the Message buffer.
See @code{mml-dnd-protocol-alist} and @code{mml-dnd-attach-options}.
@xref{MIME, ,MIME, message, Message Manual}.
-@c New in 5.10.9 / 5.11
+@c New in 5.10.9 / 5.11 (Emacs 22.1)
+
+@item @code{auto-fill-mode} is enabled by default in Message mode.
+See @code{message-fill-column}. @xref{Various Message Variables, ,
+Message Headers, message, Message Manual}.
+@c New in Gnus 5.10.12 / 5.11 (Emacs 22.3)
@end itemize
@item
The tool bars have been updated to use GNOME icons in Group, Summary and
-Message mode. You can also customize the tool bars. This is a new
-feature in Gnus 5.10.9. (Only for Emacs, not in XEmacs.)
+Message mode. You can also customize the tool bars: @kbd{M-x
+customize-apropos RET -tool-bar$} should get you started. This is a new
+feature in Gnus 5.10.10. (Only for Emacs, not in XEmacs.)
@item The tool bar icons are now (de)activated correctly
in the group buffer, see the variable @code{gnus-group-update-tool-bar}.
implementing something, I write the manual entry for that something
straight away. I then see that it's difficult to explain the
functionality, so I write how it's supposed to be, and then I change the
-implementation. Writing the documentation and writing the code goes
-hand in hand.
+implementation. Writing the documentation and writing the code go hand
+in hand.
This, of course, means that this manual has no, or little, flow. It
documents absolutely everything in Gnus, but often not where you're
started with Gnus.
That would be a totally different book, that should be written using the
-reference manual as source material. It would look quite differently.
+reference manual as source material. It would look quite different.
@page
@item @acronym{NOV}
@cindex @acronym{NOV}
+@acronym{NOV} stands for News OverView, which is a type of news server
+header which provide datas containing the condensed header information
+of articles. They are produced by the server itself; in the @code{nntp}
+back end Gnus uses the ones that the @acronym{NNTP} server makes, but
+Gnus makes them by itself for some backends (in particular, @code{nnml}).
+
When Gnus enters a group, it asks the back end for the headers of all
unread articles in the group. Most servers support the News OverView
format, which is more compact and much faster to read and parse than the
normal @sc{head} format.
+The @acronym{NOV} data consist of one or more text lines (@pxref{Text
+Lines, ,Motion by Text Lines, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual})
+where each line has the header information of one article. The header
+information is a tab-separated series of the header's contents including
+an article number, a subject, an author, a date, a message-id,
+references, etc.
+
+Those data enable Gnus to generate summary lines quickly. However, if
+the server does not support @acronym{NOV} or you disable it purposely or
+for some reason, Gnus will try to generate the header information by
+parsing each article's headers one by one. It will take time.
+Therefore, it is not usually a good idea to set nn*-nov-is-evil
+(@pxref{Slow/Expensive Connection}) to a non-@code{nil} value unless you
+know that the server makes wrong @acronym{NOV} data.
+
@item level
@cindex levels
Each group is subscribed at some @dfn{level} or other (1-9). The ones
@node Slow/Expensive Connection
-@subsection Slow/Expensive NNTP Connection
+@subsection Slow/Expensive Connection
If you run Emacs on a machine locally, and get your news from a machine
over some very thin strings, you want to cut down on the amount of data
-Gnus has to get from the @acronym{NNTP} server.
+Gnus has to get from the server.
@table @code
doesn't suddenly decide to fetch the active file anyway.
@item gnus-nov-is-evil
-This one has to be @code{nil}. If not, grabbing article headers from
-the @acronym{NNTP} server will not be very fast. Not all @acronym{NNTP} servers
-support @sc{xover}; Gnus will detect this by itself.
+@vindex gnus-nov-is-evil
+Usually this one must @emph{always} be @code{nil} (which is the
+default). If, for example, you wish to not use @acronym{NOV}
+(@pxref{Terminology}) with the @code{nntp} back end (@pxref{Crosspost
+Handling}), set @code{nntp-nov-is-evil} to a non-@code{nil} value
+instead of setting this. But you normally do not need to set
+@code{nntp-nov-is-evil} since Gnus by itself will detect whether the
+@acronym{NNTP} server supports @acronym{NOV}. Anyway, grabbing article
+headers from the @acronym{NNTP} server will not be very fast if you tell
+Gnus not to use @acronym{NOV}.
+
+As the variables for the other back ends, there are
+@code{nndiary-nov-is-evil}, @code{nndir-nov-is-evil},
+@code{nnfolder-nov-is-evil}, @code{nnimap-nov-is-evil},
+@code{nnml-nov-is-evil}, @code{nnspool-nov-is-evil}, and
+@code{nnwarchive-nov-is-evil}. Note that a non-@code{nil} value for
+@code{gnus-nov-is-evil} overrides all those variables.@footnote{Although
+the back ends @code{nnkiboze}, @code{nnslashdot}, @code{nnultimate}, and
+@code{nnwfm} don't have their own nn*-nov-is-evil.}
@end table
Set @code{gnus-show-threads}, @code{gnus-use-cross-reference} and
@code{gnus-nov-is-evil} to @code{nil} to make entering and exiting the
-summary buffer faster.
+summary buffer faster. Also @pxref{Slow/Expensive Connection}.
@page
@item
Try doing an @kbd{M-x gnus-version}. If you get something that looks
-like @samp{Gnus v5.10.6} you have the right files loaded. Otherwise
-you have some old @file{.el} files lying around. Delete these.
+like @c
+@samp{No Gnus v0.10} @c Adjust ../Makefile.in if you change this line!
+@c
+you have the right files loaded. Otherwise you have some old @file{.el}
+files lying around. Delete these.
@item
Read the help group (@kbd{G h} in the group buffer) for a
projects / gnus / blobdiff