@include gnus-overrides.texi
-@setfilename auth
-@settitle Emacs auth-source Library @value{VERSION}
-
@set VERSION 0.3
+@setfilename auth.info
+@settitle Emacs auth-source Library @value{VERSION}
+@include docstyle.texi
+
@copying
This file describes the Emacs auth-source library.
-Copyright @copyright{} 2008-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 2008--2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
-Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
+Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''
-in the Emacs manual.
+is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and
-modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
-developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
-
-This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
-Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
-separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
-license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
+modify this GNU manual.''
@end quotation
@end copying
-@dircategory Emacs
+@dircategory Emacs lisp libraries
@direntry
* Auth-source: (auth). The Emacs auth-source library.
@end direntry
@menu
* Overview:: Overview of the auth-source library.
-* Help for users::
-* Secret Service API::
-* Help for developers::
-* GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration::
-* Index::
-* Function Index::
-* Variable Index::
+* Help for users::
+* Multiple GMail accounts with Gnus::
+* Secret Service API::
+* Help for developers::
+* GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration::
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
+* Index::
+* Function Index::
+* Variable Index::
@end menu
@end ifnottex
Similarly, the auth-source library supports multiple storage backend,
currently either the classic ``netrc'' backend, examples of which you
-can see later in this document, or the Secret Service API. This is
+can see later in this document, or the Secret Service API@. This is
done with EIEIO-based backends and you can write your own if you want.
@node Help for users
can also use @code{host}.
The @code{port} is the connection port or protocol. It's known as
-@var{:port} in @code{auth-source-search} queries. You can also use
-@code{protocol}.
+@var{:port} in @code{auth-source-search} queries.
The @code{user} is the user name. It's known as @var{:user} in
@code{auth-source-search} queries. You can also use @code{login} and
@code{account}.
-All these are optional. You could just say (but we don't recommend
-it, we're just showing that it's possible)
+You can use spaces inside a password or other token by surrounding the
+token with either single or double quotes.
+
+You can use apostrophes inside a password or other token by
+surrounding it with double quotes, e.g., @code{"he'llo"}. Similarly you
+can use double quotes inside a password or other token by surrounding
+it with apostrophes, e.g., @code{'he"llo'}. You can't mix both (so a
+password or other token can't have both apostrophes and double quotes).
+
+All this is optional. You could just say (but we don't recommend it,
+we're just showing that it's possible)
@example
password @var{mypassword}
to use the same password everywhere. Again, @emph{DO NOT DO THIS} or
you will be pwned as the kids say.
-``Netrc'' files are usually called @code{.authinfo} or @code{.netrc};
-nowadays @code{.authinfo} seems to be more popular and the auth-source
-library encourages this confusion by making it the default, as you'll
-see later.
+``Netrc'' files are usually called @file{.authinfo} or @file{.netrc};
+nowadays @file{.authinfo} seems to be more popular and the auth-source
+library encourages this confusion by accepting both, as you'll see
+later.
If you have problems with the search, set @code{auth-source-debug} to
-@code{t} and see what host, port, and user the library is checking in
-the @code{*Messages*} buffer. Ditto for any other problems, your
-first step is always to see what's being checked. The second step, of
-course, is to write a blog entry about it and wait for the answer in
-the comments.
+@code{'trivia} and see what host, port, and user the library is
+checking in the @file{*Messages*} buffer. Ditto for any other
+problems, your first step is always to see what's being checked. The
+second step, of course, is to write a blog entry about it and wait for
+the answer in the comments.
You can customize the variable @code{auth-sources}. The following may
be needed if you are using an older version of Emacs or if the
and simplest configuration is:
@lisp
-;;; old default: required :host and :protocol, not needed anymore
-(setq auth-sources '((:source "~/.authinfo.gpg" :host t :protocol t)))
+;;; old default: required :host and :port, not needed anymore
+(setq auth-sources '((:source "~/.authinfo.gpg" :host t :port t)))
;;; mostly equivalent (see below about fallbacks) but shorter:
(setq auth-sources '((:source "~/.authinfo.gpg")))
;;; even shorter and the @emph{default}:
-(setq auth-sources '("~/.authinfo.gpg" "~/.authinfo"))
-;;; use the Secrets API @var{login} collection (@pxref{Secret Service API})
-(setq auth-sources '("secrets:login"))
+(setq auth-sources '("~/.authinfo.gpg" "~/.authinfo" "~/.netrc"))
+;;; use the Secrets API @var{Login} collection
+;;; (@pxref{Secret Service API})
+(setq auth-sources '("secrets:Login"))
@end lisp
By adding multiple entries to @code{auth-sources} with a particular
Here's a mixed example using two sources:
@lisp
-(setq auth-sources '((:source (:secrets default) :host "myserver" :user "joe")
+(setq auth-sources '((:source (:secrets default)
+ :host "myserver" :user "joe")
"~/.authinfo.gpg"))
@end lisp
@end defvar
If you don't customize @code{auth-sources}, you'll have to live with
-the defaults: any host and any port are looked up in the netrc
-file @code{~/.authinfo.gpg}, which is a GnuPG encrypted file
-(@pxref{GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration}).
+the defaults: the unencrypted netrc file @file{~/.authinfo} will be
+used for any host and any port.
-If that fails, the unencrypted netrc file @code{~/.authinfo} will
-be used.
+If that fails, any host and any port are looked up in the netrc file
+@file{~/.authinfo.gpg}, which is a GnuPG encrypted file (@pxref{GnuPG
+and EasyPG Assistant Configuration}).
+
+Finally, the unencrypted netrc file @file{~/.netrc} will be used for
+any host and any port.
The typical netrc line example is without a port.
@end example
This will match any realm and authentication method (basic or digest)
-over HTTP. HTTPS is set up similarly. If you want finer controls,
+over HTTP@. HTTPS is set up similarly. If you want finer controls,
explore the url-auth source code and variables.
For Tramp authentication, use:
earlier. Since Tramp has about 88 connection methods, this may be
necessary if you have an unusual (see earlier comment on those) setup.
+@node Multiple GMail accounts with Gnus
+@chapter Multiple GMail accounts with Gnus
+
+For multiple GMail accounts with Gnus, you have to make two nnimap
+entries in your @code{gnus-secondary-select-methods} with distinct
+names:
+
+@example
+(setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnimap "gmail"
+ (nnimap-address "imap.gmail.com"))
+ (nnimap "gmail2"
+ (nnimap-address "imap.gmail.com"))))
+@end example
+
+Your netrc entries will then be:
+
+@example
+machine gmail login account@@gmail.com password "account password" port imap
+machine gmail2 login account2@@gmail.com password "account2 password" port imap
+@end example
+
@node Secret Service API
@chapter Secret Service API
-TODO: how does it work generally, how does secrets.el work, some examples.
+The @dfn{Secret Service API} is a standard from
+@uref{http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/secret-storage-spec,,freedesktop.org}
+to securely store passwords and other confidential information. This
+API is implemented by system daemons such as the GNOME Keyring and the
+KDE Wallet (these are GNOME and KDE packages respectively and should
+be available on most modern GNU/Linux systems).
+
+The auth-source library uses the @file{secrets.el} library to connect
+through the Secret Service API@. You can also use that library in
+other packages, it's not exclusive to auth-source.
+
+@defvar secrets-enabled
+After loading @file{secrets.el}, a non-@code{nil} value of this
+variable indicates the existence of a daemon providing the Secret
+Service API.
+@end defvar
-@node Help for developers
-@chapter Help for developers
+@deffn Command secrets-show-secrets
+This command shows all collections, items, and their attributes.
+@end deffn
-The auth-source library only has a few functions for external use.
+The atomic objects managed by the Secret Service API are @dfn{secret
+items}, which contain things an application wishes to store securely,
+like a password. Secret items have a label (a name), the @dfn{secret}
+(which is the string we want, like a password), and a set of lookup
+attributes. The attributes can be used to search and retrieve a
+secret item at a later date.
+
+Secret items are grouped in @dfn{collections}. A collection is
+sometimes called a @samp{keyring} or @samp{wallet} in GNOME Keyring
+and KDE Wallet but it's the same thing, a group of secrets.
+Collections are personal and protected so only the owner can open them.
+
+The most common collection is called @code{"login"}.
+
+A collection can have an alias. The alias @code{"default"} is
+commonly used so the clients don't have to know the specific name of
+the collection they open. Other aliases are not supported yet.
+Since aliases are globally accessible, set the @code{"default"} alias
+only when you're sure it's appropriate.
+
+@defun secrets-list-collections
+This function returns all the collection names as a list.
+@end defun
+
+@defun secrets-set-alias collection alias
+Set @var{alias} as alias of collection labeled @var{collection}.
+Currently only the alias @code{"default"} is supported.
+@end defun
+
+@defun secrets-get-alias alias
+Return the collection name @var{alias} is referencing to.
+Currently only the alias @code{"default"} is supported.
+@end defun
+
+Collections can be created and deleted by the functions
+@code{secrets-create-collection} and @code{secrets-delete-collection}.
+Usually, this is not done from within Emacs. Do not delete standard
+collections such as @code{"login"}.
+
+The special collection @code{"session"} exists for the lifetime of the
+corresponding client session (in our case, Emacs's lifetime). It is
+created automatically when Emacs uses the Secret Service interface and
+it is deleted when Emacs is killed. Therefore, it can be used to
+store and retrieve secret items temporarily. The @code{"session"}
+collection is better than a persistent collection when the secret
+items should not live longer than Emacs. The session collection can
+be specified either by the string @code{"session"}, or by @code{nil},
+whenever a collection parameter is needed in the following functions.
+
+@defun secrets-list-items collection
+Returns all the item labels of @var{collection} as a list.
+@end defun
+
+@defun secrets-create-item collection item password &rest attributes
+This function creates a new item in @var{collection} with label
+@var{item} and password @var{password}. @var{attributes} are
+key-value pairs set for the created item. The keys are keyword
+symbols, starting with a colon. Example:
+
+@example
+;;; The session "session", the label is "my item"
+;;; and the secret (password) is "geheim"
+(secrets-create-item "session" "my item" "geheim"
+ :method "sudo" :user "joe" :host "remote-host")
+@end example
+@end defun
-@defun auth-source-search SPEC
+@defun secrets-get-secret collection item
+Return the secret of item labeled @var{item} in @var{collection}.
+If there is no such item, return @code{nil}.
+@end defun
+
+@defun secrets-delete-item collection item
+This function deletes item @var{item} in @var{collection}.
+@end defun
-TODO: how to include docstring?
+The lookup attributes, which are specified during creation of a
+secret item, must be a key-value pair. Keys are keyword symbols,
+starting with a colon; values are strings. They can be retrieved
+from a given secret item and they can be used for searching of items.
+@defun secrets-get-attribute collection item attribute
+Returns the value of key @var{attribute} of item labeled @var{item} in
+@var{collection}. If there is no such item, or the item doesn't own
+this key, the function returns @code{nil}.
@end defun
-@defun auth-source-delete SPEC
+@defun secrets-get-attributes collection item
+Return the lookup attributes of item labeled @var{item} in
+@var{collection}. If there is no such item, or the item has no
+attributes, it returns @code{nil}. Example:
+
+@example
+(secrets-get-attributes "session" "my item")
+ @result{} ((:user . "joe") (:host ."remote-host"))
+@end example
+@end defun
-TODO: how to include docstring?
+@defun secrets-search-items collection &rest attributes
+Search for the items in @var{collection} with matching
+@var{attributes}. The @var{attributes} are key-value pairs, as used
+in @code{secrets-create-item}. Example:
+@example
+(secrets-search-items "session" :user "joe")
+ @result{} ("my item" "another item")
+@end example
@end defun
-@defun auth-source-forget SPEC
+The auth-source library uses the @file{secrets.el} library and thus
+the Secret Service API when you specify a source matching
+@code{"secrets:COLLECTION"}. For instance, you could use
+@code{"secrets:session"} to use the @code{"session"} collection, open only
+for the lifetime of Emacs. Or you could use @code{"secrets:Login"} to
+open the @code{"Login"} collection. As a special case, you can use the
+symbol @code{default} in @code{auth-sources} (not a string, but a
+symbol) to specify the @code{"default"} alias. Here is a contrived
+example that sets @code{auth-sources} to search three collections and
+then fall back to @file{~/.authinfo.gpg}.
+
+@example
+(setq auth-sources '(default
+ "secrets:session"
+ "secrets:Login"
+ "~/.authinfo.gpg"))
+@end example
+
+@node Help for developers
+@chapter Help for developers
-TODO: how to include docstring?
+The auth-source library lets you control logging output easily.
+@defvar auth-source-debug
+Set this variable to @code{'trivia} to see lots of output in
+@file{*Messages*}, or set it to a function that behaves like
+@code{message} to do your own logging.
+@end defvar
+
+The auth-source library only has a few functions for external use.
+
+@defun auth-source-search &rest spec &key type max host user port secret require create delete &allow-other-keys
+This function searches (or modifies) authentication backends according
+to @var{spec}. See the function's doc-string for details.
+@c TODO more details.
@end defun
-@defun auth-source-forget+ SPEC
+Let's take a look at an example of using @code{auth-source-search}
+from Gnus's @code{nnimap.el}.
+
+@example
+(defun nnimap-credentials (address ports)
+ (let* ((auth-source-creation-prompts
+ '((user . "IMAP user at %h: ")
+ (secret . "IMAP password for %u@@%h: ")))
+ (found (nth 0 (auth-source-search :max 1
+ :host address
+ :port ports
+ :require '(:user :secret)
+ :create t))))
+ (if found
+ (list (plist-get found :user)
+ (let ((secret (plist-get found :secret)))
+ (if (functionp secret)
+ (funcall secret)
+ secret))
+ (plist-get found :save-function))
+ nil)))
+@end example
+
+This call requires the user and password (secret) to be in the
+results. It also requests that an entry be created if it doesn't
+exist already. While the created entry is being assembled, the shown
+prompts will be used to interact with the user. The caller can also
+pass data in @code{auth-source-creation-defaults} to supply defaults
+for any of the prompts.
+
+Note that the password needs to be evaluated if it's a function. It's
+wrapped in a function to provide some security.
-TODO: how to include docstring?
+Later, after a successful login, @code{nnimap.el} calls the
+@code{:save-function} like so:
+@example
+(when (functionp (nth 2 credentials))
+ (funcall (nth 2 credentials)))
+@end example
+
+This will work whether the @code{:save-function} was provided or not.
+@code{:save-function} will be provided only when a new entry was
+created, so this effectively says ``after a successful login, save the
+authentication information we just used, if it was newly created.''
+
+After the first time it's called, the @code{:save-function} will not
+run again (but it will log something if you have set
+@code{auth-source-debug} to @code{'trivia}). This is so it won't ask
+the same question again, which is annoying. This is so it won't ask
+the same question again, which is annoying. This is so it won't ask
+the same question again, which is annoying.
+
+So the responsibility of the API user that specified @code{:create t}
+is to call the @code{:save-function} if it's provided.
+
+@defun auth-source-delete &rest spec &key delete &allow-other-keys
+This function deletes entries matching @var{spec} from the
+authentication backends. It returns the entries that were deleted.
+The backend may not actually delete the entries.
+@end defun
+
+@defun auth-source-forget spec
+This function forgets any cached data that exactly matches @var{spec}.
+It returns @code{t} if it forget some data, and @code{nil} if no
+matching data was found.
+@end defun
+
+@defun auth-source-forget+ &rest spec &allow-other-keys
+This function forgets any cached data matching @var{spec}.
+It returns the number of items forgotten.
@end defun
@node GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration
@appendix GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration
-If you don't customize @code{auth-sources}, the auth-source library
-reads @code{~/.authinfo.gpg}, which is a GnuPG encrypted file.
+If the @code{auth-sources} variable contains @file{~/.authinfo.gpg}
+before @file{~/.authinfo}, the auth-source library will try to
+read the GnuPG encrypted @file{.gpg} file first, before
+the unencrypted file.
In Emacs 23 or later there is an option @code{auto-encryption-mode} to
-automatically decrypt @code{*.gpg} files. It is enabled by default.
+automatically decrypt @file{*.gpg} files. It is enabled by default.
If you are using earlier versions of Emacs, you will need:
@lisp
@end lisp
If you want your GnuPG passwords to be cached, set up @code{gpg-agent}
-or EasyPG Assitant
+or EasyPG Assistant
(@pxref{Caching Passphrases, , Caching Passphrases, epa}).
To quick start, here are some questions:
To set up elisp passphrase cache, set
@code{epa-file-cache-passphrase-for-symmetric-encryption}.
+@node GNU Free Documentation License
+@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
+@include doclicense.texi
+
@node Index
-@chapter Index
+@unnumbered Index
@printindex cp
@node Function Index
-@chapter Function Index
+@unnumbered Function Index
@printindex fn
@node Variable Index
-@chapter Variable Index
+@unnumbered Variable Index
@printindex vr
@bye
projects / gnus / blobdiff