--- /dev/null
+% Reference Card for (ding) Gnus 0.98
+% by Vladimir Alexiev <vladimir@cs.ualberta.ca>, 26 July 1995.
+% To be processed with latex 2.09
+\documentstyle{article}
+\textwidth 7.5in \textheight 10in \topmargin -1.0in
+%\textwidth 7.27in \textheight 10.69in \topmargin -1.69in
+% use this alternative setting for A4 (or leave it alone if you don't mind
+% a bit of space at the top and bottom of the page).
+\oddsidemargin -0.5in \evensidemargin -0.5in
+\begin{document}
+\twocolumn\scriptsize\pagestyle{empty}
+\raggedbottom\raggedright
+\newlength{\mywidth}
+\setlength{\mywidth}{0.5\textwidth}
+\addtolength{\mywidth}{-0.75in}
+\newenvironment{keys}
+ {\nopagebreak[4]\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{\tabcolsep}}p{\mywidth}@{}}}
+ {\end{tabular}\\}
+\catcode`\^=12 % allow ^ to be typed literally
+\def\Bar{\rule[-0.3ex]{0.5pt}{2ex}\hspace{0.1em}} % the bar | symbol
+
+\begin{center}
+{\bf\LARGE (ding) Gnus Reference Card\\}
+{\normalsize for version 0.98}
+\end{center}
+
+Gnus is complex. Currently it has some 346 interactive (user-callable)
+functions. Of these 279 have keybindings in the two major modes (Group and
+Summary/Article). Of these functions, 96 have more than one binding; some
+have 3 or even 4 bindings. The total number of keybindings is 389. In order
+to save 40\% space, every function is listed only once, under the ``more
+logical'' binding. Alternative bindings are given in parentheses in the
+beginning of the description.
+
+Many Gnus commands are affected by the numeric prefix. Normally you enter a
+prefix by holding the Meta key and typing a number, but in most Gnus modes
+you don't need to use Meta since the digits are not self-inserting. The
+prefixed behavior of commands is given in [brackets]. Often the prefix is
+used to specify:
+
+\quad [distance] How many objects to move the point over.
+
+\quad [scope] How many objects to operate on (including the current one).
+
+\quad [p/p] The ``Process/Prefix Convention'': If a prefix is specified
+then it determines how many objects to operate on. Else if there are some
+objects marked with the process mark \#, these are operated on. Else only
+the current object is affected.
+
+\quad [level] A group subscribedness level. Only groups with a lower or
+equal level will be affected by the operation. If no prefix is given,
+`gnus-group-default-list-level' is used. If
+`gnus-group-use-permanent-levels', then a prefix to the `g' and `l'
+commands will also set the default level.
+
+\quad [score] An article score. If no prefix is given,
+`gnus-summary-default-score' is used.
+
+Some functions were not yet documented at the time of creating this
+reference card and are clearly indicated as such.
+
+\begin{keys}
+C-c C-i & Go to the Gnus info node.\\
+C-c C-b & Send a Gnus bug report.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\section*{Group Mode}
+\begin{keys}
+RET & (=) Select this group. [Prefix: how many articles to fetch.
+Positive: newest articles, negative: oldest ones.]\\
+SPC & Select this group and display the first unread article. [Same
+prefix as above.]\\
+? & Give a very short help message.\\
+$<$ & Go to the beginning of the Group buffer.\\
+$>$ & Go to the end of the Group buffer.\\
+, & Jump to the unread group with the lowest level.\\
+. & Jump to the first group with unread articles.\\
+^ & Enter the Server buffer mode.\\
+a & Post an article to a group.\\
+b & Find bogus groups and delete them.\\
+c & Mark all unticked articles in this group as read (catchup). [p/p]\\
+g & Check the server for new articles. [level]\\
+j & Jump to a group.\\
+l & List groups with unread articles. [level]\\
+m & Mail a message to someone.\\
+n & Go to the next group with unread articles. [distance]\\
+p & (DEL) Go to the previous group with unread articles. [distance]\\
+q & Quit Gnus.\\
+r & Read the init file.\\
+s & Save the `.newsrc.eld' file (and `.newsrc' if
+`gnus-save-newsrc-file').\\
+z & Suspend (kill all buffers of) Gnus.\\
+B & Browse a foreign server.\\
+C & Mark all articles in this group as read (catchup). [p/p]\\
+F & Find new groups and process them.\\
+L & List all groups. [level]\\
+N & Go to the next group. [distance]\\
+P & Go to the previous group. [distance]\\
+Q & Quit Gnus without saving any startup files.\\
+R & Restart Gnus.\\
+V & Display the Gnus version number.\\
+Z & Clear the dribble buffer.\\
+C-c C-d & Show the description of this group. [Prefix: re-read it from the
+server.]\\
+C-c C-s & Sort the groups by name, number of unread articles, or level
+(depending on `gnus-group-sort-function').\\
+C-c C-x & Run all expirable articles in this group through the expiry
+process.\\
+C-c M-C-x & Run all articles in all groups through the expiry process.\\
+C-x C-t & Transpose two groups.\\
+M-d & Describe ALL groups. [Prefix: re-read the description from the
+server.]\\
+M-f & Fetch this group's FAQ (using ange-ftp).\\
+M-g & Check for new articles in this group. [p/p]\\
+M-n & Go to the previous unread group of the same or lower level. [distance]\\
+M-p & Go to the next unread group of the same or lower level. [distance]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{List Groups}
+\begin{keys}
+A a & (C-c C-a) List all groups whose names match a regexp (apropos).\\
+A d & List all groups whose names or descriptions match a regexp.\\
+A k & (C-c C-l) List all killed groups.\\
+A m & List groups that match a regexp and have unread articles. [level]\\
+A s & (l) List groups with unread articles. [level]\\
+A u & (L) List all groups. [If no prefix is given, level 7 is the
+default]\\
+A z & List all zombie groups.\\
+A M & List groups that match a regexp.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Create/Edit Foreign Groups}
+The select methods are indicated in parentheses.\\*
+\begin{keys}
+G a & Make the Gnus list archive group. (nndir over ange-ftp)\\
+G d & Make a directory group (every file must be a posting and files
+must have numeric names). (nndir)\\
+G e & (M-e) Edit this group's select method.\\
+G f & Make a group based on a file. (nndoc)\\
+G h & Make the (ding) Gnus help (documentation) group. (nndoc)\\
+G k & Make a kiboze group. (nnkiboze)\\
+G m & Make a new group.\\
+G p & Edit this group's parameters.\\
+G v & Add this group to a virtual group. [p/p]\\
+G D & Enter a directory as a (temporary) group. (nneething without
+recording articles read.)\\
+G E & Edit this group's info (select method, articles read, etc).\\
+G V & Make a new empty virtual group. (nnvirtual)\\
+\end{keys}
+You can also create mail-groups and read your mail with Gnus (very useful
+if you are subscribed to any mailing lists), using one of the methods
+nnmbox, nnbabyl, nnml, nnmh, or nnfolder. Read about it in the online info
+(C-c C-i g Reading Mail RET).
+
+\subsubsection*{Soup Commands}
+\begin{keys}
+G s b & gnus-group-brew-soup: not documented.\\
+G s p & gnus-soup-pack-packet: not documented.\\
+G s r & nnsoup-pack-replies: not documented.\\
+G s s & gnus-soup-send-replies: not documented.\\
+G s w & gnus-soup-save-areas: not documented.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Mark Groups}
+\begin{keys}
+M m & (\#) Set the process mark on this group. [scope]\\
+M u & (M-\#) Remove the process mark from this group. [scope]\\
+M w & Mark all groups in the current region.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Unsubscribe, Kill and Yank Groups}
+\begin{keys}
+S k & (C-k) Kill this group.\\
+S l & Set the level of this group. [p/p]\\
+S s & (U) Prompt for a group and toggle its subscription (Unsubscribe).\\
+S t & (u) Toggle subscription to this group (unsubscribe). [p/p]\\
+S w & (C-w) Kill all groups in the region.\\
+S y & (C-y) Yank the last killed group.\\
+S z & Kill all zombie groups.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Group Subscribedness Levels}
+\begin{tabular}{|r|c|l|}
+\hline
+1 & mail groups & \\
+2 & mail groups & \\
+3 & & subscribed \\
+4 & & \\
+5 & default list level & \\
+\hline
+6 & & \\
+7 & & unsubscribed \\
+\hline
+8 & & zombies \\
+\hline
+9 & & killed \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\pagebreak[4]
+
+\section*{Summary and Article Modes}
+\begin{keys}
+SPC & (A SPC, A n) Select an article, scroll it one page, move to the
+next one.\\
+DEL & (A DEL, A p, b) Scroll this article one page back. [distance]\\
+RET & Scroll this article one line forward. [distance]\\
+$<$ & (A $<$, A b) Scroll to the beginning of this article.\\
+$>$ & (A $>$, A e) Scroll to the end of this article.\\
+j & (G g) Ask for an article number and then go to that summary line.\\
+M-n & (G M-n) Go to the next summary line of an unread article.
+[distance]\\
+M-p & (G M-p) Go to the previous summary line of an unread article.
+[distance]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Article Buffer Commands}
+\begin{keys}
+A c & (C-c C-r) Do a Caesar rotate (rot13) on the article buffer.\\
+A g & (g) (Re)fetch this article. [Prefix: just show the article.]\\
+A m & Toggle MIME processing.\\
+A r & (^, A^) Go to the parent of this article (the References: header).\\
+A s & (s) Perform an isearch in the article buffer.\\
+A t & (t) Toggle the displaying of all headers.\\
+A w & (w) Remove page breaks (`^L') from this article.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Mail-Group Commands}
+These commands (except the first one) are only valid in a mail group.\\*
+\begin{keys}
+B DEL & Delete the mail article from disk (!). [p/p]\\
+B c & Copy this article from any group to a mail group. [p/p]\\
+B e & Expire all expirable articles in this group. [p/p]\\
+B i & Import a random file into this group.\\
+B m & Move the article from one mail group to another. [p/p]\\
+B q & Where will the article go during fancy splitting?\\
+B r & Respool this mail article. [p/p]\\
+B w & (e) Edit this article.\\
+B M-C-e & Expunge (delete from disk) all expirable articles in this group
+(!). [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Select Articles}
+These commands select the target article. They do not understand the prefix.\\*
+\begin{keys}
+G b & (,) Go to the best article (the one with the highest score).\\
+G f & (.) Go to the first unread article.\\
+G l & (l) Go to the last article read.\\
+G n & (n) Go to the next unread article.\\
+p & Go to the previous unread article.\\
+G p & Pop an article off the summary history and go to it.\\
+G N & (N) Go to the next article.\\
+G P & (P) Go to the previous article.\\
+G C-n & (M-C-n) Go to the next article with the same subject.\\
+G C-p & (M-C-p) Go to the previous article with the same subject.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Help Commands}
+\begin{keys}
+H d & (C-c C-d) Describe this group. [Prefix: re-read the description
+from the server.]\\
+H f & Try to fetch the FAQ for this group using ange-ftp.\\
+H h & Give a very short help message.\\
+H i & (C-c C-i) Go to the Gnus info node.\\
+H v & Display the Gnus version number.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Article Thread Commands}
+\begin{keys}
+T \# & Mark this thread with the process mark.\\
+T d & Move to the next article in this thread (down). [distance]\\
+T h & Hide this (sub)thread.\\
+T i & Increase the score of this thread.\\
+T k & (M-C-k) Mark the current (sub)thread as read. [Negative prefix:
+tick it, positive prefix: unmark it.]\\
+T l & (M-C-l) Lower the score of this thread.\\
+T n & Go to the next thread. [distance]\\
+T p & Go to the previous thread. [distance]\\
+T s & Expose the thread hidden under this article, if any.\\
+T u & Move to the previous article in this thread (up). [distance]\\
+T H & Hide all threads.\\
+T S & Expose all hidden threads.\\
+T T & (M-C-t) Toggle threading.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Mark Articles}
+\begin{keys}
+d & (M d, M r) Mark this article as read and move to the next one.
+[scope]\\
+D & Mark this article as read and move to the previous one. [scope]\\
+u & (!, M !, M t) Mark this article as interesting (tick it) and move
+to the next one. [scope]\\
+U & Mark this article as interesting and move to the previous one.
+[scope]\\
+M-u & (M SPC, M c) Clear all marks from this article and move to the next
+one. [scope]\\
+M-U & Clear all marks from this article and move to the previous one.
+[scope]\\
+M ? & (?) Mark this article as dormant (only followups are
+interesting). [scope]\\
+M b & Set a bookmark in this article.\\
+M e & (E, M x) Mark this article as expirable. [scope]\\
+M k & (k) Kill all articles with the same subject then select the next
+one.\\
+M B & Remove the bookmark from this article.\\
+M C & Catchup the articles that are not marked as unread.\\
+M D & Show all dormant articles (normally they are hidden unless they
+have any followups).\\
+M H & Catchup (mark read) this group to point.\\
+M K & (C-k) Kill all articles with the same subject as this one.\\
+C-w & Mark all articles between point and mark as read.\\
+M S & (C-c M-C-s) Show all expunged articles.\\
+M C-c & Catchup all articles in this group.\\
+M M-r & (x) Expunge all read (deleted) articles from the summary buffer.\\
+M M-D & Hide all dormant articles.\\
+M M-C-r & Expunge all articles having a given mark.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsubsection*{The Process Mark}
+{\samepage These commands set and remove the process mark \#. You only need
+to use it if the set of articles you want to operate on is
+non-contiguous. Else use a numeric prefix.} \\*
+\begin{keys}
+M p a & Mark all articles (in series order).\\
+M p p & (\#, M \#) Mark this article.\\
+M p r & Mark all articles in the region.\\
+M p s & Mark all articles in the current series.\\
+M p t & Mark all articles in this (sub)thread.\\
+M p u & (M-\#, M M-\#) Unmark this article.\\
+M p R & Mark all articles matching a regexp.\\
+M p S & Mark all series that already contain a marked article.\\
+M p U & Unmark all articles.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsubsection*{Mark Based on Score}
+\begin{keys}
+M s c & Clear all marks from all high-scored articles. [score]\\
+M s k & Kill all low-scored articles. [score]\\
+M s m & Mark all high-scored articles with a given mark. [score]\\
+M s u & Mark all high-scored articles as interesting (tick them). [score]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Output Articles}
+\begin{keys}
+O f & Save this article in plain file format. [p/p]\\
+O h & Save this article in mh folder format. [p/p]\\
+O m & Save this article in mail format. [p/p]\\
+O o & (o) Save this article using the default article saver. [p/p]\\
+O p & (\Bar) Pipe this article to a shell command. [p/p]\\
+O r & Save this article in rmail format. [p/p]\\
+O v & Save this article in vm format. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Wash the Article Buffer}
+\begin{keys}
+W a & Hide unwanted parts of the article. Calls W h, W C-c, W s.\\
+W b & Make external references in the article (Message-Ids and URLs) to
+buttons.\\
+W c & Hide article citation.\\
+W d & Remove extra CRs from the article.\\
+W f & Look for and display any X-Face headers.\\
+W h & Hide article headers.\\
+W o & Treat overstrike or underline in the article.\\
+W q & Treat quoted-printable in the article.\\
+W s & Hide article signature.\\
+W t & Convert the article timestamp to UTC (GMT).\\
+W w & Do word wrap in the article.\\
+W A & Highlight this article. Calls W H, W C, W S, W b.\\
+W C & Highlight article citation.\\
+W H & Highlight article headers.\\
+W S & Highlight article signature.\\
+W T & Convert the article timestamp to time lapsed since it was sent.\\
+W C-c & Hide article citation using a more intelligent algorithm.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Followup, Reply, Forward, Cancel}
+\samepage{These commands put you in a separate post or mail buffer. After
+editing the article, send it by pressing C-c C-c. If you are in a
+foreign group and want to post the article using the foreign server, give
+a prefix to C-c C-c.} \\*
+\begin{keys}
+S b & Post a followup to this article and send a reply.\\
+S c & (C) Cancel this article (only works if it is your own).\\
+S f & (f) Post a followup to this article.\\
+S m & (m) Send a mail to some other person.\\
+S o m & (C-c C-f) Forward this article by mail to a person.\\
+S o p & Forward this article to a newsgroup.\\
+S p & (a) Post an article to this group.\\
+S r & (r) Mail a reply to the author of this article.\\
+S s & Supersede this article with a new one (only for own articles).\\
+S u & Uuencode a file and post it as a series.\\
+S B & Post a followup, send a reply, and include the original. [p/p]\\
+S F & (F) Post a followup and include the original. [p/p]\\
+S O m & Digest these series and forward by mail. [p/p]\\
+S O p & Digest these series and forward to a newsgroup.\\
+S R & (R) Mail a reply and include the original. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+If you want to cancel or supersede an article you just posted (before it
+has appeared on the server), go to the *post-news* buffer, change
+`Message-ID' to `Cancel' or `Supersedes' and send it again with C-c C-c.
+
+\subsection*{Extract Series (Uudecode etc)}
+Gnus will recognize when the current article is part of a series (multipart
+posting whose parts are identified by numbers in their subjects, e.g.\
+1/10\dots10/10) and will process the series accordingly. You can mark more
+than one series. If the posting contains any archives, they are expanded
+and gathered in a new group.\\*
+\begin{keys}
+X b & Un-{\bf b}inhex these series. [p/p]\\
+X o & Simply {\bf o}output these series (no decoding). [p/p]\\
+X p & Unpack these {\bf p}ostscript series. [p/p]\\
+X s & Un-{\bf s}har these series. [p/p]\\
+X u & {\bf U}udecode these series. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+Each one of these commands has four variants:\\*
+\begin{keys}
+X \bf z & Decode these series. [p/p]\\
+X v \bf z & Decode and view these series. [p/p]\\
+X \bf Z & Decode and save these series. [p/p]\\
+X v \bf Z & Decode, save and view these series. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+where {\bf z} identifies the decoding method (b, o ,p ,s, u).
+
+An alternative binding for the most-often used of these commands is\\*
+\begin{keys}
+C-c C-v C-v & (X v u) Uudecode and view these series. [p/p]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Exit the Current Group}
+\begin{keys}
+Z c & (c) Mark all unticked articles as read and exit.\\
+Z n & Mark all articles as read and go to the next group.\\
+Z C & Mark all articles as read and exit.\\
+Z E & (Q) Exit without updating the group information.\\
+Z G & (M-g) Check for new articles in this group.\\
+Z N & Exit and go to the next group.\\
+Z P & Exit and go to the previous group.\\
+Z R & Exit this group, and then enter it again. [Prefix: select all
+articles, read and unread.]\\
+Z Z & (q, Z Q) Exit this group.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsection*{Various Group Commands}
+\begin{keys}
+V \& & (\&) Execute a command on all articles matching a regexp.
+[Prefix: move backwards.]\\
+V e & (=) Expand the Summary window. [Prefix: shrink it to display the
+Article window]\\
+V k & (M-k) Edit this group's kill file.\\
+V r & (M-^) Fetch the article with a given Message-ID.\\
+V u & Execute a command on all articles having the process mark.\\
+V D & Undigestify this article into a separate group.\\
+V K & (M-K) Edit the general kill file.\\
+V T & (C-t) Toggle truncation of summary lines.\\
+V C-r & Search through all previous articles for a regexp.\\
+V C-s & Search through all subsequent articles for a regexp.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsubsection*{Sort the Summary Buffer}
+\begin{keys}
+V s a & (C-c C-s C-a) Sort the summary by author.\\
+V s d & (C-c C-s C-d) Sort the summary by date.\\
+V s i & (C-c C-s C-i) Sort the summary by article score.\\
+V s n & (C-c C-s C-n) Sort the summary by article number.\\
+V s s & (C-c C-s C-s) Sort the summary by subject.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\subsubsection*{Article Score Commands}
+\newcommand{\B}[1]{{\bf#1})} % bold l)etter
+\begin{keys}
+V S a & Add a new score entry, specifying all elements.\\
+V S c & Specify a new score file as current.\\
+V S e & Edit the current score alist.\\
+V S f & Edit a score file and make it the current one.\\
+V S m & Mark all articles below a given score as read.\\
+V S s & Set the score of this article.\\
+V S t & Display all score rules applied to this article.\\
+V S x & Expunge all low-scored articles. [score]\\
+V S C & gnus-score-customize: not documented.\\
+V S S & Display the score of this article.\\
+\bf A p m l& Make a scoring entry based on this article.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+{\samepage
+The four letters stand for:\\*
+\quad \B{A}ction: I)ncrease, L)ower;\\*
+\quad \B{p}art: a)utor (from), s)ubject, x)refs (cross-posting), d)ate, l)ines,
+message-i)d, t)references (parent), f)ollowup, b)ody, h)ead (all headers);\\*
+\quad \B{m}atch type:\\*
+\qquad string: s)ubstring, e)xact, r)egexp, f)uzzy,\\*
+\qquad date: b)efore, a)t, n)this,\\*
+\qquad number: $<$, =, $>$;\\*
+\quad \B{l}ifetime: t)emporary, p)ermanent, i)mmediate.
+
+If you type the second letter in uppercase, the remaining two are assumed
+to be s)ubstring and t)emporary.
+If you type the third letter in uppercase, the last one is assumed to be
+t)emporary.
+
+\quad Extra keys for manual editing of a score file:\\*
+\begin{keys}
+C-c C-c & Finish editing the score file.\\
+C-c C-d & Insert the current date as number of days.\\
+\end{keys}
+}
+
+\section*{Article Mode}
+All keys for Summary mode also work in Article mode.
+The normal navigation keys work in Article mode.
+Some additional keys are:\\*
+\begin{keys}
+C-c ^ & Get the article with the Message-Id near point.\\
+C-c C-m & Send reply to the address near point and include the original.\\
+h & Go to the header line of the article in the summary buffer.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\section*{Server Mode}
+To enter this mode, press `^' while in Group mode.\\*
+\begin{keys}
+SPC & Browse this server.\\
+q & Return to the group buffer.\\
+l & List all servers.\\
+k & Kill this server. [scope]\\
+y & Yank the previously killed server.\\
+c & Copy this server.\\
+a & Add a new server.\\
+e & Edit a server.\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\section*{Browse Server Mode}
+To enter this mode, press `B' while in Group mode.\\*
+\begin{keys}
+RET & Enter the current group.\\
+SPC & Enter the current group and display the first article.\\
+? & Give a very short help message.\\
+l & Exit browse mode.\\
+n & Go to the next group. [distance]\\
+p & Go to the previous group. [distance]\\
+q & Exit browse mode.\\
+u & Subscribe to the current group. [scope]\\
+\end{keys}
+
+\begin{center}\samepage
+Copyright \copyright\ 1987 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\\*
+Copyright \copyright\ 1995 Vladimir Alexiev $<$vladimir@cs.ualberta.ca$>$.\\*
+Created from the Gnus manual Copyright \copyright\ 1994 Lars Magne
+Ingebrigtsen.\\*
+and the Emacs Help Bindings feature (C-h b).\\*
+\end{center}
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this reference card
+provided the copyright notice and this permission are preserved on all
+copies.
+Please send corrections, additions and suggestions to the above email
+address. \hfill 26 July 1995
+\end{document}
+
+
projects / gnus / blobdiff