\makeindex
\begin{document}
-\newcommand{\gnusversionname}{Oort Gnus v0.14}
+\newcommand{\gnusversionname}{Oort Gnus v0.19}
\newcommand{\gnuschaptername}{}
\newcommand{\gnussectionname}{}
\newcommand{\gnustt}[1]{{\gnusselectttfont{}#1}}
\newcommand{\gnuscode}[1]{\gnustt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\gnusenv}[1]{\gnustt{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnussamp}[1]{``{\fontencoding{OT1}\gnusselectttfont{}#1}''}
\newcommand{\gnuslisp}[1]{\gnustt{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnuskbd}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'}
\newcommand{\gnusfile}[1]{`\gnustt{#1}'}
\newcommand{\gnusdfn}[1]{\textit{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnusi}[1]{\textit{#1}}
+\newcommand{\gnusr}[1]{\textrm{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnusstrong}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnusemph}[1]{\textit{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnusvar}[1]{{\fontsize{10pt}{10}\selectfont\textsl{\textsf{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\gnusversion}[1]{{\small\textit{#1}}}
\newcommand{\gnusauthor}[1]{{\large\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\gnusresult}[1]{\gnustt{=> #1}}
-\newcommand{\gnusacronym}[1]{\textit{#1}}
+\newcommand{\gnusacronym}[1]{\textsc{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnusemail}[1]{\textit{#1}}
\newcommand{\gnusbullet}{{${\bullet}$}}
@ifinfo
You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using Gnus. The news
-can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@sc{nntp}, local
+can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@acronym{NNTP}, local
spool or your mbox file. All at the same time, if you want to push your
luck.
-This manual corresponds to Oort Gnus v0.14.
+This manual corresponds to Oort Gnus v0.19.
@end ifinfo
* Scoring:: Assigning values to articles.
* Various:: General purpose settings.
* The End:: Farewell and goodbye.
-* Appendices:: Terminology, Emacs intro, FAQ, History, Internals.
+* Appendices:: Terminology, Emacs intro, @acronym{FAQ}, History, Internals.
* Index:: Variable, function and concept index.
* Key Index:: Key Index.
Other related manuals
* Message:(message). Composing messages.
-* Emacs-MIME:(emacs-mime). Composing messages; MIME-specific parts.
+* Emacs-MIME:(emacs-mime). Composing messages; @acronym{MIME}-specific parts.
* Sieve:(sieve). Managing Sieve scripts in Emacs.
-* PGG:(pgg). PGP/MIME with Gnus.
+* PGG:(pgg). @acronym{PGP/MIME} with Gnus.
@detailmenu
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
* Loose Threads:: How Gnus gathers loose threads into bigger threads.
* Filling In Threads:: Making the threads displayed look fuller.
* More Threading:: Even more variables for fiddling with threads.
-* Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over... but you were wrong!
+* Low-Level Threading:: You thought it was over@dots{} but you were wrong!
Decoding Articles
* Article Washing:: Lots of way-neat functions to make life better.
* Article Header:: Doing various header transformations.
* Article Buttons:: Click on URLs, Message-IDs, addresses and the like.
+* Article Button Levels:: Controlling appearance of buttons.
* Article Date:: Grumble, UT!
* Article Display:: Display various stuff---X-Face, Picons, Smileys
* Article Signature:: What is a signature?
Article Buffer
* Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed.
-* Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @sc{mime} before reading them.
+* Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @acronym{MIME} before reading them.
* Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles.
* Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer.
* Misc Article:: Other stuff.
* Getting News:: Reading USENET news with Gnus.
* Getting Mail:: Reading your personal mail with Gnus.
* Browsing the Web:: Getting messages from a plethora of Web sources.
-* IMAP:: Using Gnus as a @sc{imap} client.
+* IMAP:: Using Gnus as a @acronym{IMAP} client.
* Other Sources:: Reading directories, files, SOUP packets.
* Combined Groups:: Combining groups into one group.
* Gnus Unplugged:: Reading news and mail offline.
Getting News
-* NNTP:: Reading news from an @sc{nntp} server.
+* NNTP:: Reading news from an @acronym{NNTP} server.
* News Spool:: Reading news from the local spool.
-@sc{nntp}
+@acronym{NNTP}
* Direct Functions:: Connecting directly to the server.
* Indirect Functions:: Connecting indirectly to the server.
Choosing a Mail Back End
* Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox.
-* Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the rmail babyl format.
+* Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the Rmail Babyl format.
* Mail Spool:: Store your mail in a private spool?
* MH Spool:: An mhspool-like back end.
+* Maildir:: Another one-file-per-message format.
* Mail Folders:: Having one file for each group.
* Comparing Mail Back Ends:: An in-depth looks at pros and cons.
* RSS:: Reading RDF site summary.
* Customizing w3:: Doing stuff to Emacs/w3 from Gnus.
-@sc{imap}
+@acronym{IMAP}
* Splitting in IMAP:: Splitting mail with nnimap.
* Expiring in IMAP:: Expiring mail with nnimap.
* Editing IMAP ACLs:: Limiting/enabling other users access to a mailbox.
-* Expunging mailboxes:: Equivalent of a "compress mailbox" button.
-* A note on namespaces:: How to (not) use IMAP namespace in Gnus.
+* Expunging mailboxes:: Equivalent of a ``compress mailbox'' button.
+* A note on namespaces:: How to (not) use @acronym{IMAP} namespace in Gnus.
Other Sources
* Agent as Cache:: The Agent is a big cache too.
* Agent Expiry:: How to make old articles go away.
* Agent Regeneration:: How to recover from lost connections and other accidents.
-* Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with IMAP.
+* Agent and IMAP:: How to use the Agent with @acronym{IMAP}.
* Outgoing Messages:: What happens when you post/mail something?
* Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun.
-* Example Setup:: An example @file{.gnus.el} file for offline people.
+* Example Setup:: An example @file{~/.gnus.el} file for offline people.
* Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job.
* Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does.
* Red Gnus:: Third time best---Gnus 5.4/5.5.
* Quassia Gnus:: Two times two is four, or Gnus 5.6/5.7.
* Pterodactyl Gnus:: Pentad also starts with P, AKA Gnus 5.8/5.9.
+* Oort Gnus:: It's big. It's far out. Gnus 5.10.
Customization
@kbd{M-x gnus-other-frame} instead.
If things do not go smoothly at startup, you have to twiddle some
-variables in your @file{~/.gnus} file. This file is similar to
+variables in your @file{~/.gnus.el} file. This file is similar to
@file{~/.emacs}, but is read when gnus starts.
If you puzzle at any terms used in this manual, please refer to the
native method. All groups not fetched with this method are
foreign groups.
-For instance, if the @samp{news.somewhere.edu} @sc{nntp} server is where
+For instance, if the @samp{news.somewhere.edu} @acronym{NNTP} server is where
you want to get your daily dosage of news from, you'd say:
@lisp
@vindex gnus-nntpserver-file
@cindex NNTPSERVER
-@cindex @sc{nntp} server
+@cindex @acronym{NNTP} server
If this variable is not set, Gnus will take a look at the
-@code{NNTPSERVER} environment variable. If that variable isn't set,
+@env{NNTPSERVER} environment variable. If that variable isn't set,
Gnus will see whether @code{gnus-nntpserver-file}
-(@file{/etc/nntpserver} by default) has any opinions on the matter. If
-that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs as an @sc{nntp} server. That's a long shot, though.
+(@file{/etc/nntpserver} by default) has any opinions on the matter.
+If that fails as well, Gnus will try to use the machine running Emacs
+as an @acronym{NNTP} server. That's a long shot, though.
@vindex gnus-nntp-server
If @code{gnus-nntp-server} is set, this variable will override
@vindex gnus-secondary-servers
@vindex gnus-nntp-server
You can also make Gnus prompt you interactively for the name of an
-@sc{nntp} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus}
+@acronym{NNTP} server. If you give a non-numerical prefix to @code{gnus}
(i.e., @kbd{C-u M-x gnus}), Gnus will let you choose between the servers
in the @code{gnus-secondary-servers} list (if any). You can also just
type in the name of any server you feel like visiting. (Note that this
@findex gnus-group-browse-foreign-server
@kindex B (Group)
-However, if you use one @sc{nntp} server regularly and are just
+However, if you use one @acronym{NNTP} server regularly and are just
interested in a couple of groups from a different server, you would be
better served by using the @kbd{B} command in the group buffer. It will
let you have a look at what groups are available, and you can subscribe
If the @file{.newsrc*} files have not been saved in the master when the
slave starts, you may be prompted as to whether to read an auto-save
-file. If you answer "yes", the unsaved changes to the master will be
-incorporated into the slave. If you answer "no", the slave may see some
+file. If you answer ``yes'', the unsaved changes to the master will be
+incorporated into the slave. If you answer ``no'', the slave may see some
messages as unread that have been read in the master.
@node Fetching a Group
@section Changing Servers
@cindex changing servers
-Sometimes it is necessary to move from one @sc{nntp} server to another.
+Sometimes it is necessary to move from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another.
This happens very rarely, but perhaps you change jobs, or one server is
very flaky and you want to use another.
@emph{Wrong!}
Article numbers are not (in any way) kept synchronized between different
-@sc{nntp} servers, and the only way Gnus keeps track of what articles
+@acronym{NNTP} servers, and the only way Gnus keeps track of what articles
you have read is by keeping track of article numbers. So when you
change @code{gnus-select-method}, your @file{.newsrc} file becomes
worthless.
several servers where not all servers support @code{ask-server}.
@vindex gnus-startup-file
+@vindex gnus-backup-startup-file
+@vindex version-control
The @code{gnus-startup-file} variable says where the startup files are.
The default value is @file{~/.newsrc}, with the Gnus (El Dingo) startup
file being whatever that one is, with a @samp{.eld} appended.
+If you want version control for this file, set
+@code{gnus-backup-startup-file}. It respects the same values as the
+@code{version-control} variable.
@vindex gnus-save-newsrc-hook
@vindex gnus-save-quick-newsrc-hook
If this variable is @code{nil}, Gnus will ask for group info in total
lock-step, which isn't very fast. If it is @code{some} and you use an
-@sc{nntp} server, Gnus will pump out commands as fast as it can, and
+@acronym{NNTP} server, Gnus will pump out commands as fast as it can, and
read all the replies in one swoop. This will normally result in better
performance, but if the server does not support the aforementioned
@code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, this isn't very nice to the server.
If non-@code{nil}, the startup message won't be displayed. That way,
your boss might not notice as easily that you are reading news instead
of doing your job. Note that this variable is used before
-@file{.gnus.el} is loaded, so it should be set in @file{.emacs} instead.
+@file{~/.gnus.el} is loaded, so it should be set in @file{.emacs} instead.
@item gnus-no-groups-message
@vindex gnus-no-groups-message
Estimated total number of articles. (This is really @var{max-number}
minus @var{min-number} plus 1.)
-Gnus uses this estimation because the @sc{nntp} protocol provides
+Gnus uses this estimation because the @acronym{NNTP} protocol provides
efficient access to @var{max-number} and @var{min-number} but getting
the true unread message count is not possible efficiently. For
hysterical raisins, even the mail back ends, where the true number of
comment element in the group parameters.
@item D
-Newsgroup description.
+Newsgroup description. You need to read the group descriptions
+before these will appear, and to do that, you either have to set
+@code{gnus-read-active-file} or use the group buffer @kbd{M-d}
+command.
@item o
@samp{m} if moderated.
(defface my-group-face-1
'((t (:foreground "Red" :bold t))) "First group face")
(defface my-group-face-2
- '((t (:foreground "DarkSeaGreen4" :bold t))) "Second group face")
+ '((t (:foreground "DarkSeaGreen4" :bold t)))
+ "Second group face")
(defface my-group-face-3
'((t (:foreground "Green4" :bold t))) "Third group face")
(defface my-group-face-4
@item ticked
The number of ticked articles in the group.
@item total
-The total number of articles in the group. Or rather, MAX-NUMBER minus
-MIN-NUMBER plus one.
+The total number of articles in the group. Or rather,
+@var{max-number} minus @var{min-number} plus one.
@item topic
When using the topic minor mode, this variable is bound to the current
topic being inserted.
first unread article (@code{gnus-group-read-group}). If there are no
unread articles in the group, or if you give a non-numerical prefix to
this command, Gnus will offer to fetch all the old articles in this
-group from the server. If you give a numerical prefix @var{N}, @var{N}
-determines the number of articles Gnus will fetch. If @var{N} is
-positive, Gnus fetches the @var{N} newest articles, if @var{N} is
-negative, Gnus fetches the @code{abs(@var{N})} oldest articles.
+group from the server. If you give a numerical prefix @var{n}, @var{n}
+determines the number of articles Gnus will fetch. If @var{n} is
+positive, Gnus fetches the @var{n} newest articles, if @var{n} is
+negative, Gnus fetches the @code{abs(@var{n})} oldest articles.
Thus, @kbd{SPC} enters the group normally, @kbd{C-u SPC} offers old
articles, @kbd{C-u 4 2 SPC} fetches the 42 newest articles, and @kbd{C-u
is positive, the @code{n} articles that have arrived most recently will
be fetched.
+@vindex gnus-large-ephemeral-newsgroup
+Same as @code{gnus-large-newsgroup}, but only used for ephemeral
+newsgroups.
+
@vindex gnus-select-group-hook
@vindex gnus-auto-select-first
@vindex gnus-auto-select-subject
@item M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups
@kindex M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups
@findex gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups
-If you have switched from one @sc{nntp} server to another, all your marks
+If you have switched from one @acronym{NNTP} server to another, all your marks
and read ranges have become worthless. You can use this command to
clear out all data that you have on your native groups. Use with
caution.
@cindex making groups
Make a new group (@code{gnus-group-make-group}). Gnus will prompt you
for a name, a method and possibly an @dfn{address}. For an easier way
-to subscribe to @sc{nntp} groups, @pxref{Browse Foreign Server}.
+to subscribe to @acronym{NNTP} groups, @pxref{Browse Foreign Server}.
@item G r
@kindex G r (Group)
If @code{gnus-activate-foreign-newsgroups} is a positive number,
Gnus will check all foreign groups with this level or lower at startup.
This might take quite a while, especially if you subscribe to lots of
-groups from different @sc{nntp} servers. Also @pxref{Group Levels};
+groups from different @acronym{NNTP} servers. Also @pxref{Group Levels};
@code{gnus-activate-level} also affects activation of foreign
newsgroups.
(auto-expire . t))
@end example
-We see that each element consists of a "dotted pair"---the thing before
+We see that each element consists of a ``dotted pair''---the thing before
the dot is the key, while the thing after the dot is the value. All the
parameters have this form @emph{except} local variable specs, which are
not dotted pairs, but proper lists.
to-address and to-list parameters for this group as addresses of
mailing lists you are subscribed to. Giving Gnus this information is
(only) a first step in getting it to generate correct Mail-Followup-To
-headers for your posts to these lists. Look here @pxref{(message)Mailing
-Lists} for a complete treatment of available MFT support.
+headers for your posts to these lists. Look here @pxref{Mailing
+Lists, , Mailing Lists, message, The Message Manual} for a complete
+treatment of available MFT support.
See also @code{gnus-find-subscribed-addresses}, the function that
directly uses this group parameter.
@item broken-reply-to
@cindex broken-reply-to
Elements like @code{(broken-reply-to . t)} signals that @code{Reply-To}
-headers in this group are to be ignored. This can be useful if you're
-reading a mailing list group where the listserv has inserted
-@code{Reply-To} headers that point back to the listserv itself. This is
-broken behavior. So there!
+headers in this group are to be ignored, and for the header to be hidden
+if @code{reply-to} is part of @code{gnus-boring-article-headers}. This
+can be useful if you're reading a mailing list group where the listserv
+has inserted @code{Reply-To} headers that point back to the listserv
+itself. That is broken behavior. So there!
@item to-group
@cindex to-group
Display all articles, both read and unread.
@item an integer
-Display the last INTEGER articles in the group. This is the same as
-entering the group with C-u INTEGER.
+Display the last @var{integer} articles in the group. This is the same as
+entering the group with @kbd{C-u @var{integer}}.
@item default
Display the default visible articles, which normally includes unread and
@item banner
@cindex banner
-An item like @code{(banner . "regex")} causes any part of an article
-that matches the regular expression "regex" to be stripped. Instead of
-"regex", you can also use the symbol @code{signature} which strips the
+An item like @code{(banner . @var{regexp})} causes any part of an article
+that matches the regular expression @var{regexp} to be stripped. Instead of
+@var{regexp}, you can also use the symbol @code{signature} which strips the
last signature or any of the elements of the alist
@code{gnus-article-banner-alist}.
@}
@end example
-The Sieve language is described in RFC 3028. @xref{Top, , Top, sieve,
+The Sieve language is described in RFC 3028. @xref{Top, , Top, sieve,
Emacs Sieve}.
@item (@var{variable} @var{form})
in the summary buffer you enter, and the form @code{nil} will be
@code{eval}ed there.
+Note that this feature sets the variable locally to the summary buffer.
+But some variables are evaluated in the article buffer, or in the
+message buffer (of a reply or followup or otherwise newly created
+message). As a workaround, it might help to add the variable in
+question to @code{gnus-newsgroup-variables}. @xref{Various Summary
+Stuff}. So if you want to set @code{message-from-style} via the group
+parameters, then you may need the following statement elsewhere in your
+@file{~/.gnus} file:
+@lisp
+(add-to-list 'gnus-newsgroup-variables 'message-from-style)
+@end lisp
+
@vindex gnus-list-identifiers
-A use for this feature, is to remove a mailing list identifier tag in
+A use for this feature is to remove a mailing list identifier tag in
the subject fields of articles. E.g. if the news group
-@samp{nntp+news.gnus.org:gmane.text.docbook.apps} has the tag
-@samp{DOC-BOOK-APPS:} in the subject of all articles, this tag can be
-removed from the article subjects in the summary buffer for the group by
-putting @code{(gnus-list-identifiers "DOCBOOK-APPS:")} into the group
-parameters for the group.
-
+@example
+nntp+news.gnus.org:gmane.text.docbook.apps
+@end example
+has the tag @samp{DOC-BOOK-APPS:} in the subject of all articles, this
+tag can be removed from the article subjects in the summary buffer for
+the group by putting @code{(gnus-list-identifiers "DOCBOOK-APPS:")}
+into the group parameters for the group.
This can also be used as a group-specific hook function, if you'd like.
If you want to hear a beep when you enter a group, you could put
But some variables, such as @code{visible}, have no effect. For
example:
-@example
+@lisp
(setq gnus-parameters
'(("mail\\..*"
(gnus-show-threads nil)
("list\\..*"
(total-expire . t)
(broken-reply-to . t))))
-@end example
+@end lisp
String value of parameters will be subjected to regexp substitution, as
the @code{to-group} example shows.
List all groups that have unread articles
(@code{gnus-group-list-groups}). If the numeric prefix is used, this
command will list only groups of level ARG and lower. By default, it
-only lists groups of level five (i. e.,
+only lists groups of level five (i.e.,
@code{gnus-group-default-list-level}) or lower (i.e., just subscribed
groups).
@item G S m
@kindex G S m (Group)
@findex gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method
-Sort the group buffer alphabetically by back end name
+Sort the group buffer alphabetically by back end name@*
(@code{gnus-group-sort-groups-by-method}).
@item G S n
@item G P m
@kindex G P m (Group)
@findex gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method
-Sort the groups alphabetically by back end name
+Sort the groups alphabetically by back end name@*
(@code{gnus-group-sort-selected-groups-by-method}).
@item G P n
@code{gnus-after-exiting-gnus-hook} is called as the final item when
exiting Gnus.
-@findex gnus-unload
-@cindex unloading
-If you wish to completely unload Gnus and all its adherents, you can use
-the @code{gnus-unload} command. This command is also very handy when
-trying to customize meta-variables.
-
Note:
@quotation
is a toggling command.)
Go ahead, just try it. I'll still be here when you get back. La de
-dum... Nice tune, that... la la la... What, you're back? Yes, and
-now press @kbd{l}. There. All your groups are now listed under
-@samp{misc}. Doesn't that make you feel all warm and fuzzy? Hot and
-bothered?
+dum@dots{} Nice tune, that@dots{} la la la@dots{} What, you're back?
+Yes, and now press @kbd{l}. There. All your groups are now listed
+under @samp{misc}. Doesn't that make you feel all warm and fuzzy?
+Hot and bothered?
If you want this permanently enabled, you should add that minor mode to
the hook for the group mode. Put the following line in your
-@file{~/.gnus} file:
+@file{~/.gnus.el} file:
@lisp
(add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode)
@kindex T # (Topic)
@findex gnus-topic-mark-topic
Mark all groups in the current topic with the process mark
-(@code{gnus-topic-mark-topic}).
+(@code{gnus-topic-mark-topic}). This command works recursively on
+sub-topics unless given a prefix.
@item T M-#
@kindex T&
projects / gnus / blobdiff